CARTODATA SUBPROJECT
CONTRIBUTION OF UNIVERSITY OF MOLISE
THE "SITRA":
METHODOLOGICAL APPROACH
WIDE SUMMARY
SUMMARY
PREMISE............................................................................................................................................................... 1
THE TERRITORIAL CONTEXT OF REFERENCE ............................................................................. 2
THE NECESSITY OF IMPLEMENTATION OF A SIT ....................................................................... 3
THE SITRA (TERRITORIAL INFORMATIVE SYSTEM FOR THE ENVIRONMENTAL
RISKS)
4
Informative layers of base........................................................................................................................ 4
Informative layers of job.......................................................................................................................... 5
THE METADATA.............................................................................................................................................. 6
OPERATIVE CHOICES
NORMATIVE REFERENCES
9
14
CONVERSION OF THE COORDINATES ............................................................................................... 16
Meeting CARTODATA
VALBONNE SOPHIA ANTIPOLIS – 27TH FEBRUARY – 1ST MARCH 2007
University of Molise
Metadata and geographical systems of reference
PREMISE
The analysis of the problems connected with the impact of the natural phenomena on the
historical and natural patrimony, required a first phase of acquisition of data available nearby the
local authorities and universities. Subsequently we passed to the definition of the technical
criterions for the predisposition of a "container", able to contain, contemporarily, all the data that
we find and to manage them in operation of different demands of use.
In this way the SITRA (acronym of Territorial Informative System for the Environmental
Risks) was born.
The SITRA picks up and manages all the available data nearby the local authorities
according to a rigid protocol of acquisition.
One record of a specific database is associated with every datum, or data set; this record
describes deepeny the content, the generator, the user, etc., according to defined criterions of
representation.
Subsequently, according to a procedure of conversion certified by an agency, we proceed to
the translation of the datum or data set in a international system of reference and not in local
systems of reference.
In the actual phase of the job, within the CARTODATA subproject, we have to complete
SITRA’s while METADATA compilation has been finished. In the next and last phase we are
going to debug the procedures for the certified conversion of the cartographic data.
Pagina 1
Meeting CARTODATA
VALBONNE SOPHIA ANTIPOLIS – 27TH FEBRUARY – 1ST MARCH 2007
University of Molise
Metadata and geographical systems of reference
THE TERRITORIAL CONTEXT OF REFERENCE
Molise is a small Italian region (around 4400 km2) situated in center-southern Italy among
the Apennines and Adriatic Sea.
The particular position of Molise in the geologic context of the Mediterranean area and its
recent structural evolution are the natural factors that have determined the actual geomorphological
scenery and that define the hazard of some natural phenomena potentially catastrophic.
In Molise coexist an elevated seismic hazard, due to the recent evolution of the central
Apennines, and an elevated hydrogeological hazard, structurally connected with the presence of
geologic complex formations and of very clayey soils. The presence of important rivers with
adriatic delivery and of a often accelerated slope evolution, to them connected, contributes to make
of this small Italian region one "gym" for the study of the natural hazards.
Moreover the presence of numerous water bodies of strategic importance not only for the
drinkable and irrigated use of the region Molise, but also for that of the neighbouring regions
Campania and Puglia. The guardianship of the water resource and the vulnerability of the water
bodies, often situated in proximity of sources of potential pollution, is a further element of attention
in a suit picture of knowledges regarding the natural and environmental risks.
If we think that the historical, architectural and environmental heritage must be protected
towards the natural calamities, we understand as a correct management of the territory passes
through a series of political-administrative actions that improves the conditions of knowledge of the
hazard from a side and from the other one reduces the vulnerability of the exposed good.
The limit among calamity produced by natural agents and calamity produced by the human
activity is often few clear. The calamities of the first type include volcanic eruptions, earthquakes,
floods, instabilities of the slopes, cyclones and storms, etc.; the calamities of the second type
include the phenomena connected to the indiscriminate deforestation, with the introduction of
harmful gas into the atmosphere, with the incorrect use of the territory, with the unconditional
exploitation of the water resources, with the industrial activities with introduction of pollutants in
the different geochemical spheres. In Molise are very important the risks connected to natural
phenomena what the seismic activity, the evolution of the slopes, the flood of rivers and the
withdrawal of the line-coast (adriatic); as it regards the connected risks with the human activity
there are the chemical risk (in the areas where are present chemical factories) and the risk of
pollution of the water resource.
Both the risks are managing through a rich and homogeneous base of knowledges on the
regional territory; one of the principal objectives of the scientific community is to furnish the
correct support of knowledges for the following activities of respect of the attended damage and the
possible sceneries of risk.
Pagina 2
Meeting CARTODATA
VALBONNE SOPHIA ANTIPOLIS – 27TH FEBRUARY – 1ST MARCH 2007
University of Molise
Metadata and geographical systems of reference
THE NECESSITY OF IMPLEMENTATION OF A SIT
The knowledge of the dynamics of the risk, whatever it is, therefore, part from the analysis
of the spatial distribution of all the factors that compete to its configuration. The knowledge of the
hazards and of the actual use of the territory also allows very inclined analysis and the configuration
of sceneries of risk on which to activate all the necessary actions (political-administrative) for the
mitigation of the attended damage.
The management of a territory is born really from the awareness that the realization of a
respectful territorial politics of the context within it is thought and that the sustainable development
of a region also passes through the knowledge of the possible consequential damages from the
catastrophes and of the dynamics that potentially determine them.
The situations of risk can be mitigated through actions oriented to the reduction of the
natural hazard (or human), to the reduction of the vulnerability of the exposed elements or both.
Only through the knowledge is possible to start concrete actions of territorial planning that
have, as substratum, the data of distribution of the different phenomena and the removal of the most
important activities. Among these the most important are really the architectural-cultural heritage
because the elements cannot be moved and, therefore, they have to been protected towards the
incumbent calamity.
The contemporary management of deeply different layers among them for presuppositions
and contents is very complex. Their management in the same geographical space, however, allows
not otherwise overlaps and cross analysis possible with analytical criterions disconnected by the
topographical base.
From some years numerous tools software (the GISs) are available and allow to
contemporarily manage punctual, linear or polygonal objects in geographic system and to associate
to every of them one or more alphanumeric data.
Also in Molise, as in other regional realities, some initiatives are been activated turned to
obtain the wedges of a more articulated Regional Territorial Informative System. The possibilities
of development and expansion of the system, are nearly obviously boundless, because is possible
always to add information to the System and make it richer and powerful.
One of the problems of greater relief in the data management concerns its reliability (in
geographical sense and of content) and the so-called ability to be validated from a third organism.
The validation represents one of the most complex phases in the management of a SIT because an
error in such phase determines the use of few reliable data and incorrect elaborations.
For these reasons there is the necessity, for the activities of competence of the University of
Molise that essentially concern the problem list of hazard and vulnerability of the natural resources,
to realize a system of validation that introduces data, inside the Informative System, those is
possible a real respect of reliability and a trace of the data.
The trace of the data is possible equipping, every data set, of additional information
(metadata) that define, time for time, its typology; the respect of the reliability of the data derives
from an expert judgment expressed through a cross control with existing databases or through the
direct knowledge of the problem list and the phenomena.
Pagina 3
Meeting CARTODATA
VALBONNE SOPHIA ANTIPOLIS – 27TH FEBRUARY – 1ST MARCH 2007
University of Molise
Metadata and geographical systems of reference
THE SITRA (TERRITORIAL INFORMATIVE SYSTEM FOR THE ENVIRONMENTAL RISKS)
The fundamental activity for mapping of the territorial context of reference is turned to the
harvest and the management of necessary numerous series of territorial data for the analysis of the
specific problem list of the district of reference and for a correct use of the resources.
The fittest tool for such purpose is represented by a GIS (Geographic Information System).
It is a software able to manage, contemporarily, several informative layers of different nature
(vectorial and raster) characterized by an univocal spatial position in geographical coordinates
which are connected alphanumeric data (descriptive) or raster (images, cartographies, etc.). The
database will be realized by Access, a Microsoft software, perfectly interactive in ESRI
environment.
For mapping of natural risks we held to use the release 9.1 of the software ArcView GIS,
produced by the ESRI Inc.®. Subsequently, as arranged in the precedents technical meetings with
the partners of the subproject, we shall proceed to the conversion of all the data in formed
compatible with the release 3.x of the software ArcView produced by the ESRI Inc.®, in how much
currently more diffused in comparison to the following releases to level of Public Administration,
with which University interacts in coordinated form.
The Territorial Informative System for the Environmental Risks (SITRA) will manage the
geographical information related to the dangerousness and to the building, architectural and
historical-cultural, as well as environmental patrimony, whose criterions of validation and respect of
the reliability are known and perfectly repeatable too.
Such factor constitutes the element of strength of the whole trial; in this way is possible add
to a "known" data base (or for which the metadata are available) progressively new informations of
note reliability.
The SITRA was born, therefore, with the methodological presupposition of the reliability,
not in generic sense, but according to the exposed first meaning.
In the SITRA all available data sets nearby local authorities will put in, after a complex job
of validation and respect of reliability. Such data sets are contains basic informations (not concernig
hazard or vulnerability but only the elements that compete to define them) and to elaborate
information (or consequential from experienced respects and from numerical trials).
Informative layers of base
The basic element of the SITRA is represented by cartography that, necessarily must be
adjourned, adjournable and, preferably, in numerical form.
The SIT has to be enriched by thematic cartographies that come following proposed.
! Use of the ground (sour-forest ground with outlines of the natural and artificial wooded
areas, of the areas turned to specialized crops - vineyards, olive-groves and orchards and of
those turned to extensive uses; continuous and discontinuous urban fabric)
! Geology, geomorphology and hydrogeology (compiled on bibliography integrated “in the
field”)
! Net services (government, provincial and town roads, railroads, aqueducts, methane piping,
power lines, footsteps fireproof, paths)
Pagina 4
Meeting CARTODATA
VALBONNE SOPHIA ANTIPOLIS – 27TH FEBRUARY – 1ST MARCH 2007
University of Molise
Metadata and geographical systems of reference
! Infrastructures of public utility (barracks, hospitals and clinics, schools, places of cult, town
and territorial offices)
! Architectural and cultural emergencies (monuments and buildings of architectural and/or
historical value, museums, archaeological excavations, libraries, art gallery, etc.)
! Environmental emergencies
! Productive activity (industries and workshops, artisan firms, firms of production in the
sector to sour-feed, fittings for the extraction and the workmanship of rocks)
! Works for use of underground water resources (drinkable, agricultural and industrial
purpose)
Informative layers of job
The informative layers will be elaborate within the project concern the components more
interesting retentions, to the actual state, to the articulated SIT regarding the natural and
environmental risks.
The components inserted in the study are, essentially, the ground and the water, firm the
possibility of future integration of the system staying with other components, also of human origin.
For the specific informative layers we have produced the followings:
! Seismic hazard map (based on all the available elements nearby the public structures that to
the study and control the territory: Town Council, Provinces, Region, University, Corporate
body of search)
! Landslide hazard map (based on all the available elements nearby the structures preceded to
the study and the control of the territory: Town Council, Provinces, Region, University,
Corporate body of search)
! Flood hazard map (based on all the available elements nearby the structures preceded to the
study and the control of the territory: Town Council, Provinces, Region, University,
Corporate body of search)
! Pollution of the water strata hazard map map (based on all the available elements nearby the
structures preceded to the study and the control of the territory: Town Council, Provinces,
Region, University, Corporate body of search)
! Coastal erosion hazard map (based on the analysis of the trend of withdrawal of the coast in
the last century). Such map has been produced by coordination between University of
Molise and Group of Job ENEA that, currently, has been conducted searches on this
thematic.
All the maps of the SITRA will be reported to the Datum Roma 40 (for the complete
compatibility of data set with the Regional Informative System of Molise). Only the cartographies
and the thematic bases will be converted, through rigorous procedures of calculation, also to the
Datum WGS84, more currently used in national and international circle.
Pagina 5
Meeting CARTODATA
VALBONNE SOPHIA ANTIPOLIS – 27TH FEBRUARY – 1ST MARCH 2007
University of Molise
Metadata and geographical systems of reference
THE METADATA
In a society in continuous evolution, what that actual, the mapping data are assuming more
and more a strategic role in the decisional trials related to the management of the territory and to its
planning.
The data set present in the data-banks of public administration, or produced by private
structures (professionals, society of services, etc.), have a tall economic and informative value, but
it’s very difficult use contemporarily them, because are miss the necessary information for their
reuse. For understanding such aspect you only have to think about the times that data-set are
produced ex-novo only because the existence of the same is not known or because the used formats
are not compatible with those standards.
To avoid this problem the agencies preceded to the definition of clear and repeatable
procedures have compiled a proper standard for the territorial metadata.
The metadata, according to the classical definition, can be defined as 'data on the data'; they
represent the documentation of the data (a kind of certificate) that is destined to furnish useful and
immediate informations to understand, compare and exchange the data described by them.
The metadata, in the optics of the interoperability (possibility to operate contemporarily and
in coordinated way on the same data sets), represent a very useful tool for a rapids management
(search, diffusion and acquisition) of the territorial data from authorized subjects.
The writing of the metadatum, if effected contemporary to realization of datum, asks few
resources for the appointment because who has created the datum knows perfectly the structure of
what he has produced.
The biggest actual problem is represented by missing of metadata for very much of the
existing data; a notable waste of additional resources to rich the historical and structural
reconstruction of datum is an immediate consequence of it.
In spite of the obvious simplicity in the realization of the metadatum during creation of data
sets, once the generators of data didn’t realize them holding an useless loss of time. Only afterwards
they understood the importance of metadata and the necessity to create them for whatever data set
(in relationship with the simple spread of the data it is a form to safeguard the developed job too).
From the point of view of the consumer, the importance of the metadata resides in the
possibility to know that the datum exists, to appraise its utility for own objectives and, therefore, to
decide to purchase it or less.
Within the CARTODATA subproject the utility to realize and to individualize a
methodology of job for the metadatum dresses again, perhaps, a greater importance because,
treating of experimental procedures in European context, the possibility of interchange of
information on the data is more main of the data.
The metadatum, so that does useful, have to contain at least the following information "what
thing is there?", "when did it born?", "where is located it? "(geographical location), "Who is the
owner of it?", "As has it done? "(form of the datum). The existence of these fundamental
information allows, once the metadata is public, to search to know, for instance, the territorial data
that own region and regarding to the territory of competence.
Pagina 6
Meeting CARTODATA
VALBONNE SOPHIA ANTIPOLIS – 27TH FEBRUARY – 1ST MARCH 2007
University of Molise
Metadata and geographical systems of reference
A metadatum can contain the information that are manifold and are tied up to the detail of
the datum to which it refers. For instance with the metadata you can describe, with maximum level
of detail, the most the single records of the in partnership database to the cartography or, with
minimum detail, you can describe the general cartographic product (for instance the CTR Technical Regional Map of Molise - see chart 1). The intermediary detail, that we have used in the
CARTODATA subproject and that is the most diffused kind, foresees the description of the own
elaboration that compose a project (for instance the single sheet of the CTR - you see chart 2).
Within the present job we have followed the standard ISO19115 regarding the criterions of
creation of the metadata for the datasets. The choice of this standard, rather than of that American
FGDC, has been determined by the consideration that the greatest part of the Italian and European
local authorities are reporting to it.
The information that we have used for the creation of the metadatum represent the Core
Metadata or the necessary least data.
The informations that are in the metadata can be divided according to the following
groupings:
1. Information on the whole metadata
2. Information of identification of the data
3. Information on the ties of the data
4. Information on the spatial representation
5. Information on the management
6. Information on the quality of the data
7. Information on the system of reference
8. Information on the distribution
9. Information on the extension of the data
10. Information of responsibility
The first two groups contain the information related to the identification of the metadatum
(who has created him?, when?, what standard with?) and to the data type in partnership with it. The
information on the ties contain the limitations for using for legal reasons or for intrinsic reasons for
the datum (for instance an elaborate product in scale 1:250.000 won't be fit for elaborations in scale
of detail). The information on the spatial representation have to be compiled only for images and
DTM. For system of reference we intend the name of the system of reference (eventually also the
parameters of the Datum, etc.). The information on the quality of dataset is very important for
describing the process of realization of the datum and its accuracy. The refresh rate of the datum is
described in the group information on the management. If an organization precede to the
distribution of the datum exists, it has to point out in the information on the distribution. Through
the indication of the maximum and least coordinates the information of extension can be
individualized. That concerns the responsibilities of the datum and the metadatum associated it has
be pointed out finally, in the section of the information on the responsibility.
In the page that follows, you can see a chart of dataset presents in the metadatum set within
the CARTODATA subproject, according to the standard ISO19115. In bold are written the
compulsory while in cursive are written the optional fields; in normal characters are written the
conditional fields or those necessary for some types of datum.
Pagina 7
Meeting CARTODATA
VALBONNE SOPHIA ANTIPOLIS – 27TH FEBRUARY – 1ST MARCH 2007
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Information on the whole the metadata
Identifier of the file of metadata
Language of the metadata
Set of the characters of the metadata
Identifier metadata of superior rank
Hierarchical level
Name of the corporate body
Role
Contact
Information to contact the corporate body
Date of the metadata
Name of the Standard of the metadata
Version of the Standard of the metadata
Limitation of use of the metadata
Ties of access of the metadata
Ties of user of the metadata
Other ties on the metadata
Information of identification of the data
Title
Date
Date
Type dates
Name of the corporate body
Role
Responsible of the data
Information to contact the corporate body
12
Data type
Other details
Description
13
Key words
14
Point of contact
15
Type of spatial representation
16
Spatial resolution of the data
17
18
19
Language of the data
Set of characters of the data
Theme
Geographical location of the data
20
Vertical extension
21
22
University of Molise
Metadata and geographical systems of reference
Key word
Thesaurus
Name of the corporate body
Role
Information to contact the corporate body
Site web
Telephone
Site web
Telephone
Site web
Telephone
It climbs equivalent
Distance
westBoundLongitude
eastBoundLongitude
southBoundLatitude
northBoundLatitude
It rates min
It rates max
Unity of measure
Vertical Datum
Additional information
Graphic example
Pagina 8
Meeting CARTODATA
VALBONNE SOPHIA ANTIPOLIS – 27TH FEBRUARY – 1ST MARCH 2007
University of Molise
Metadata and geographical systems of reference
Information on the ties of the data
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
Limitation of use of the data
Ties of access of the data
Ties of fruibilità of the data
Other ties on the data
Information on the quality of the data
Level of quality
Quality of the data (positional accuracy)
Unity of measure
Value
Information on the origin and on the process of production of the data
Genealogy of the datum Process of production
Information on the system of reference
System of spatial reference
Information on the distribution
Formed name
Formed of distribution
Version formed
Name of the corporate body
Role
Distributor
Information to contact the corporate body
Site web
Telephone
OPERATIVE CHOICES
From a purely operational point of view you have to consider that there are two possibilities
at least for the realization of metadatum and its following diffusion.
The corporate body of standardization advise to realize a database with the information of
the metadatum in how much it is tied up to a datum, often dynamic. An other way foresees to use
the same software GIS used for the realization of the SIT.
The realization of the database is surely more elastic because it has been built ad hoc and it
would allow to implement information that the standard doesn't foresee (however it couldn’t be
used for the concept of interoperability, because out of standard) but held profits to the goals of the
project. Another advantage would be represented from the use and possible insertion to whom
knows few the software GIS and therefore to accelerate its realization.
The disadvantage of this approach is tied up to the realization of a software that manages the
database and to the realization of the same database; this requires a specific knowledge of planning
that is out of the objectives of CARTODATA subproject.
The advantage of the use of the software GIS is really due to the uniformity of the card of
insertion and the structure of the relative report. In the specific case of the project CARTODATA
the selected GIS (ESRI) can allow to work according to the same standard with the instructions that
the same software proposes in the different language.
A further advantage, not negligible, is in the possibility to have immediately enjoyable the
tool for the creation of the metadatum; accordingly the metadatum would directly be realized, in
phase of creation of the dataset, from who knows well the contents of it.
Also in this case a disadvantage exists, tied up to the use of the software. The metadatum
cannot be realized by people that don't have at least an average knowledge of the software.
Pagina 9
Meeting CARTODATA
VALBONNE SOPHIA ANTIPOLIS – 27TH FEBRUARY – 1ST MARCH 2007
University of Molise
Metadata and geographical systems of reference
Within the CARTODATA subproject we thought to use the second methodology for several
reasons related to the available time and to a fit use of the resources human employees.
The possibility to make to automatically adjourn the metadatum from the software (in the
limits of the information automatically updatable) represents a further aspect for the choice of the
release 9.1 of ArcView GIS. Further element for ArcView GIS is the possibility of export of the
metadata in the formats HTML and XML. The alternative solution would have been the production
of report in formed HTML, XMLo PDF by a specific creation of the metadata software.
Pagina 10
Meeting CARTODATA
VALBONNE SOPHIA ANTIPOLIS – 27TH FEBRUARY – 1ST MARCH 2007
University of Molise
Metadata and geographical systems of reference
Chart 1 - metadatum CTR
ELEMENT CORE ITALIA
Information on the metadata
1
Identifier of the file of metadata
2
Language of the metadata
3
Set of the characters of the metadata
4
Identifier metadata of superior rank
5
Hierarchical level
Name of the corporate
body
6
Contact
Role
Information to
contact
the
corporate body
site
Responsible of the data
Date
Type dates
Name of the corporate
body
Role
Information to
contact
the site
corporate body
Data type
Other details
12
Description
13
Key words
14
Key word
Thesaurus
Name of the corporate
body
Role
Information to
contact
the
corporate body
Spatial resolution of the data
Language of the data
Set of characters of the data
19
Theme
20
Geographical location of the data
http://cartografia.regione.molise.it
Molise
Region
Technical Map, 1990
1990-01-01
Creation
Regional
Region Molise
Owner
http://cartografia.regione.molise.it
Papery map (mapHardcopy)
Point of contact
16
17
18
Molise Region - Urbanism and
Cartography Service - Cartographic
Office and Territorial Information
2006-09-23
ISO 19115 (An ENs ISO 19115)
2003
Title
11
RM_CTR1990
It
Utf8
RM_CTR1990
Series
Owner
7
Date of the metadata
8
Name of the Standard of the metadata
9
Version of the Standard of the metadata
Information of identification of the dataset
Date
Example
Regional Technical Map to the
scale 1:5.000 of the Molise Region
Territory
Earth 2005
Region Molise - Service Urbanism
and Cartography - Cartographic
Office and Territorial Information
Point of contact
site
westBoundLongitude
eastBoundLongitude
southBoundLatitude
http://cartografia.regione.molise.it
5.000
It
Utf8
Maps
of
base
(imageryBaseMapEarthCover)
- you coordinate bounding playpen
-
Pagina 11
Meeting CARTODATA
VALBONNE SOPHIA ANTIPOLIS – 27TH FEBRUARY – 1ST MARCH 2007
University of Molise
Metadata and geographical systems of reference
northBoundLatitude
It rates min
Vertical extension
It rates max
0
2000
Unity of measure
meters
Vertical reference
Net Altimetrica Nazionale
21 Additional information
22 Graphic example
Information on the ties of the data
23
Don't use the resource for geodetic
applications
Gives public
License
Limitation of use
24 Ties of access
25 Ties of fruibilità
26 Other ties
Information on the quality of the data
27 Level of quality
Quality of the data (positional accuracy)
28
Unity of measure
Value
Information on the origin and on the process of production of the data
Genealogy of the datum
Process of
29
production
Information on the system of reference
30 System of spatial reference
Information on the distribution
Formed name
Formed of distribution
31
Version formed
Name of the corporate
body
32 Distributor
Role
Information to
contact
the
corporate body
Series
Meters
50 + / - 20
Regional Technical Map derived by
aerial photogrammetry
ROMA40/OVEST
Not applicable
Not applicable
Molise Region - Urbanism and
Cartography Service - Cartographic
Office and Territorial Information
Distributor
site
http://cartografia.regione.molise.it
Pagina 12
Meeting CARTODATA
VALBONNE SOPHIA ANTIPOLIS – 27TH FEBRUARY – 1ST MARCH 2007
University of Molise
Metadata and geographical systems of reference
Chart 2 - metadatum element CTR
ELEMENT CORE ITALIA
Information on the metadata
1
Identifier of the file of metadata
2
Language of the metadata
3
Set of the characters of the metadata
4
Identifier metadata of superior rank
5
Hierarchical level
Example
RM_CTR1990-F381011
Inherited by RM_CTR1990
Inherited by RM_CTR1990
RM_CTR1990
Dataset
Name of the corporate
body
6
Contact
Role
Information to
contact
the
corporate body
Inherited by RM_CTR1990
site
7
Date of the metadata
8
Name of the Standard of the metadata
9
Version of the Standard of the metadata
Information of identification of the data
Date
Type dates
Name of the corporate
body
11
Responsible of the data
Role
Information to
contact
the
corporate body
Description
13
Key words
14
Point of contact
site
Key word
Thesaurus
Name of the corporate
body
Role
Information to
contact
the
corporate body
16
17
18
19
Spatial resolution of the data
Language of the data
Set of characters of the data
Theme
Region Molise - Regional Technical
Paper, 1990 Sheet 381011
1990-01-01
Creation
Inherited by RM_CTR1990
Inherited by RM_CTR1990
Data type
Other details
12
Inherited by RM_CTR1990
2006-09-28
Inherited by RM_CTR1990
Inherited by RM_CTR1990
Title
Date
Inherited by RM_CTR1990
Inherited da RM_CTR1990
Inherited by RM_CTR1990
Inherited by RM_CTR1990
Lottery 1 of the Regional Technical
Paper to the scale 1:5000 of the
Molise Region
Inherited by RM_CTR1990
Inherited by RM_CTR1990
Inherited by RM_CTR1990
Inherited by RM_CTR1990
site
Inherited da RM_CTR1990
Inherited by RM_CTR1990
Inherited by RM_CTR1990
Inherited by RM_CTR1990
Inherited by RM_CTR1990
Pagina 13
Meeting CARTODATA
VALBONNE SOPHIA ANTIPOLIS – 27TH FEBRUARY – 1ST MARCH 2007
Geographical location of the data
University of Molise
Metadata and geographical systems of reference
westBoundLongitude
eastBoundLongitude
southBoundLatitude
northBoundLatitude
It rates min
20
Vertical extension
It rates max
Inherited by RM_CTR1990
Vertical reference
Inherited by RM_CTR1990
21 Additional information
22 Graphic example
Information on the ties of the data
23 Limitation of use
24 Ties of access
25 Ties of fruibilità
26 Other ties
Information on the quality of the data
27 Level of quality
Quality of the data (positional accuracy)
28
Inherited by RM_CTR1990
Inherited by RM_CTR1990
Inherited by RM_CTR1990
Unity of measure
Value
Information on the origin and on the process of production of the data
Genealogy of the datum
Process of
29 production
32
0
450
Unity of measure
Information on the system of reference
30 System of spatial reference
Information on the distribution
Formed of distribution
31
- you coordinate bounding playpen
-
You dated
Meters
50 + / - 20
Sheet 381011 of the regional
technical Map derived by aerial
photogrammetry, performed from
Inherited by RM_CTR1990
Formed name
Version formed
Name of the corporate
body
Distributor
Role
Information to
contact
the
corporate body
Inherited by RM_CTR1990
Inherited by RM_CTR1990
Inherited by RM_CTR1990
Inherited by RM_CTR1990
site
Inherited da RM_CTR1990
NORMATIVE REFERENCES
•
ISO 19115:2003, Geographic Information - Metadata
•
EN ISO 19115:2005, Geographic Information - Metadata
•
An ENs ISO 19115:2005, Geographic Information - Metadata
Pagina 14
Meeting CARTODATA
VALBONNE SOPHIA ANTIPOLIS – 27TH FEBRUARY – 1ST MARCH 2007
University of Molise
Metadata and geographical systems of reference
•
CEN TC287, Geographic information European core metadata for discovery Working
document - December 2005
•
ISO/DIS 19118 4 Geographic Information Encoding 2002
•
ISO/DTS 19139 Geographic Information Metadata XML Scheme Implementation 2005
•
W3C XML, Extensible Markup Language
Recommendation f February 4 th 2004
•
Decree Legislative 7 March 2005, n. 82 Code of the administration Digital and following
modifications and integrations.
(XML)
1.0
(third
edition),
W3C
Pagina 15
Meeting CARTODATA
VALBONNE SOPHIA ANTIPOLIS – 27TH FEBRUARY – 1ST MARCH 2007
University of Molise
Metadata and geographical systems of reference
CONVERSION OF THE COORDINATES
For convention the datum is defined as the whole parameters that individualize the system of
geodetic reference, characterized by the ellipsoid of rotation and by its position. The ellipsoid is
mathematically a representable surface, directed in such motion by approximate to the best the
geoid (equalpotential surface of the gravitational field passing for the middle level of the seas) in a
point, motto point of emanation, select, generally, in the central part of the zone to be represented.
The procedure that brings to the orientation of the ellipsoid in the point of emanation can be
synthesized through the following phases: determination of the geographical coordinates of the
point of emanation (you determine through astronomic procedures) and determination of the
direction of the celestial or astronomic meridian.
In the practice the definition of datum is tied up to a series of points materialized on the
terrestrial surface, to which determined values of the coordinates are attributed (such operation
constitutes the so-called realization of the datum). To every geodetic datum, therefore, a geodetic
net is associated, tightly consequential from a datum group of measures and from the relative
calculation of compensation that, through the coordinates of its vertexes, it defines and it
materializes the datum up to notable distances from the point of emanation.
Generally every Country is endowed with at least a proper geodetic datum, whose definition
stays valid for a lot of time. In Italy at least three different systems of reference coexist because the
historical evolution of the geodetic nets and the cartography (without considering the cadastral
system that represents one of them further). The first system, following a chronological order, it
goes up again to 1940 and has been defined as it systematizes geodetic national "Roma40." It is
currently the system of Italian official reference, whose ellipsoid, says International or Hayford, is
directed to Mt. Mario (in Rome). For the determination of the geographical coordinates, the values
of longitude are calculated beginning from the passing meridian for Mt. Mario, while those of
longitude beginning from the equator.
There isn’t a materialized geodetic net in partnership to this system of reference, because a
new compensation was not effected, but simply a "transport" of the vertexes of the fundamental
geodetic net of 1° order; such points maintained, in the new system, all of their inaccuracies and not
homogeneity Then were performed, with modern calculation methods, partial compensations of
some blocks.
The second datum has been elaborated in 1950, using as surface of reference the
International ellipsoid of Hayford, having however middle orientation on a series of European
observatories. This datum, of European value, it is known with the acronym of ED50 (European
Datum 1950) and the coordinates of longitude are calculated beginning from the meridian in
Greenwich, while the values of latitude are always measured from the equator. The net in
partnership drift from a selection of chains of triangles drawn by the nets of the single states,
compensates in block to European level (Fig.1).
Finally, in the last decades, with the advent of the satellite positioning, a datum of world
value has been defined, the WGS84 (World Geodetic System) used by GPS (Global Positioning
System). Unlike the first two systems this uses a very different ellipsoid from the precedents, also it
defined WGS84, with orientation ellipsoid central, that is the center of the coincident ellipsoid with
Pagina 16
Meeting CARTODATA
VALBONNE SOPHIA ANTIPOLIS – 27TH FEBRUARY – 1ST MARCH 2007
University of Molise
Metadata and geographical systems of reference
the center of terrestrial mass and the axis of coincident rotation with the axis of terrestrial rotation
calculated in 1984.
Also in the case of the global data, the concrete definition of the system of reference passes
through points materialized on the ground, of which the coordinates are established. Also in this
case, therefore, to the datum it is in partnership a geodetic net: it deals with international nets,
increased then to national level. In Italy, the geodetic net that realizes the datum WGS84 is the net
IGM95 (Fig.2), determined by the Military Geographical institute with measures GPS performed
around halves the years' 90. Such net constitutes an increasing of the European net EUREF (what in
turn part of the world net is IGS) based on the European datum ETRS89, in agreement with the
European continental base and practically coincident with the WGS84.
They exist then, to local level, realized nets or in progress of realization from various
Corporate body (Regions, Inventory, Provinces, etc.) what increases subsequently the IGM95 net.
In Molise such net has been realized by the Region in 2004. In the last years they have begun
working besides in Italy numerous permanent stations GPS/GNSS, for a lot of which the
coordinates are been calculated WGS84 through connections to the net IGM95. With these
progressive increases, the system WGS84 is materialized on the territory and it practically becomes
accessible to all the technical consumers.
Fig. 1 - compensation ED50
Pagina 17
Meeting CARTODATA
VALBONNE SOPHIA ANTIPOLIS – 27TH FEBRUARY – 1ST MARCH 2007
University of Molise
Metadata and geographical systems of reference
Stazione permanente
fondamentali VLBI, SRL, GPS
Punti EUREF occupati nel ‘89
Fig.2 - Net IGM95
Once defined the geodetic datum in which he operates, the procedure that allows the passage
from the curved surface of the earth that plain happens through a methodology note as geographical
projections. The coordinates drawn on the plan are said Cartesian coordinates and they result of
extremely easy to use. However a twice correspondence exists among the points of the ellipsoid and
the plan of the paper that it allows to go up again to the position of a point on the ellipsoid, it
notices its cartographic position, therefore the cartographic plain coordinates are entirely in practice
equivalent to the geographical coordinates ((, (). In Italy three types of plain coordinates or
kilometric are used on primarily the three geodetic data previously described:
• Gauss-Boaga Roma40
• UTM - ED50
• UTM - WGS84
In Italy, and accordingly in Molise, the cartographic coordinates more used for defining the
plane positions in the surveys, in the aerial photo elaboration, in the earth relief with traditional
topographical techniques or GPS they are the coordinates Gauss-Boaga (N, W). In the system of
reference Gauss-Boaga Italy is divided, from the passing meridian for Mountain Mario (Rome), in
two fused (East and West) with ampleness of 6°. The fused two central meridians are respectively
set to 9 and 15° by the fundamental meridian in Greenwich. To the purpose to avoid the use of
negative numbers for the abscissas of the points set to West of the respective fundamental
meridians, resorts to the fictitious move of the origin of the abscissas founding one "false origin."
Particularly, for convention to the origin the value of 1500000 is assigned in the fused West and
2520000 in the fused East.
Pagina 18
Meeting CARTODATA
VALBONNE SOPHIA ANTIPOLIS – 27TH FEBRUARY – 1ST MARCH 2007
University of Molise
Metadata and geographical systems of reference
Also in the realization of the project SITRA one of the most onerous problems, both from
the economic point of view and working, it is connected with the transformation of the coordinates
(and therefore of the thematic cartographies) from a system of reference to another.
Particularly the problem that is set there it concerns the necessity to keep on maintaining the
full compatibility and the maximum possible precision with some GISs you activate to level of
territorial Corporate body (Region, Province, Common) starting, contemporarily, a trial allows to
progressively migrate toward more recent systems of reference and "European", or toward the
WGS84.
The existing GISs in Molise all have been realized using as datum the system of national
geodetic reference (Roma40), and as system of plain coordinates that of Gauss-Boaga. From this the
choice to maintain such datum as reference for the cartographies of base and job to be inserted in
the SITRA. In the same time, however, they were thought to create some certified procedures of
conversion to define new cartographies in the system of European reference for excellence or the
WGS84.
In commerce numerous softwares that allow the transformation of the coordinates GaussBoaga coordinates WGS84 exist and vice versa, but with evident approximations above all when
you effect on jobs performed to regional or local scale.
To today an only structure able exists to certify the conversions through a series of
"grigliati" that they bring, stings for point, the differences of latitude and longitude among reported
points to the datum Roma40 and reported points to the datum WGS84. Such structure, denominated
IGMI (Institute Geographical Military Italian), it is also owner of the net IGM95 and, therefore, of
the materialization of the points reported to the ellipsoid 1984 ellypsoidic central.
Such procedure, that realizes him through a realized software really from the IGMI, it allows
the conversion of the coordinates of geographical elements excluding the introduction of coarse
errors. The grid allow to transform the coordinates of any point on the national territory
guaranteeing the declared and certified precisions (wanting) from the Military Geographical
institute.
The grids are defined and referred in the system Roma40 with express geographical
coordinates in degrees (you furnish to the 1/10000 of second, correspondent to around 3 mms); the
Pagina 19
Meeting CARTODATA
VALBONNE SOPHIA ANTIPOLIS – 27TH FEBRUARY – 1ST MARCH 2007
University of Molise
Metadata and geographical systems of reference
points prepare him so that to draw an almost square sweater that covers the whole national territory
with distance of 5' in latitude and 7'30 '' in longitude. Knowing the positions of the points of the two
grids is possible to calculate the parameters of transformation for every point of which is wanted to
define the conversion.
The use of the IGMI’s grids implicates the purchase of the necessary software to effect the
interpolation of the points; only in such way it is possible to guarantee analytical correctness in the
transformations (for which the introduced error is respectable) and uniformity. The software,
denominated VERTO, allows to perform the conversion of express positions in geographical and
Pagina 20
Meeting CARTODATA
VALBONNE SOPHIA ANTIPOLIS – 27TH FEBRUARY – 1ST MARCH 2007
University of Molise
Metadata and geographical systems of reference
cartographic coordinates among the Geodetic Systems of Reference used today more commonly in
Italy (Roma40, ED50 and WGS84).
Once completed the SITRA, we will start the procedures of conversion of the coordinates
that will allow to use the bases of data in both the systems of reference: Gauss-Boaga, to be able to
keep on maintaining an homogeneous cartography for representation on the whole regional
territory; WGS84 to be able to open the Territorial Informative System for the Environmental Risks
to European contexts as foreseen by the project NOE.'
Pagina 21