“DANISH WIND DAY”
@ THE TURKISH WIND ENERGY CONGRESS
Research and Development
Activities in Wind Power
Energy Technology Department, Aalborg University
Zhe CHEN Professor, PhD
Email: zch@et.aau.dk
Website: http://homes.et.aau.dk/zch
Group website: http://homes.et.aau.dk/zch/group.htm
http://www.et.aau.dk
1
“DANISH WIND DAY”
@ THE TURKISH WIND ENERGY CONGRESS
Contents
•Research and Developments in Wind Power
•Wind Power Research Activities at ET-AAU
“DANISH WIND DAY”
@ THE TURKISH WIND ENERGY CONGRESS
Challenges and Developments
Wind Turbine Systems
•
High efficiency,
•
High reliability,
•
High functionality,
•
Low system cost.
Control System
Rotor
Wind
Energy
Gearbox
Generator
Power
electronics
Mechanical
Energy
Transformer
Grid
Electrical
Energy
“DANISH WIND DAY”
@ THE TURKISH WIND ENERGY CONGRESS
Challenges and Developments
Wind Farms
•
High efficiency,
•
High reliability,
•
High functionality,
•
Low system cost.
“DANISH WIND DAY”
@ THE TURKISH WIND ENERGY CONGRESS
Challenges and Developments
Large Scale Wind Power in Power Systems
Power Station
Wind power station
p(t) variable
p(t) variable
p(t) fixed
•Power Quality in grid
Energy storage
•Transient stability
•Network planning methods
•Transmission, HVDC control
•Fault ride through and system protection
Load centre
Research Activities at ET-AAU
Wind Power Research Activities
Contact: Professor Z Chen, Department of Energy Technology, Aalborg University, zch@et.aau.dk
Wind Power Research Activities
Generators for Wind Turbines
•FEM Analyse
(EU FP6 UPWIND)
•Advanced Optimal Design
•Power Electronic/Machine
interaction
•New types of Generators
•Optimization of medium speed
PM generators for wind turbines
•Optimization and site matching
of wind power generator systems
System cost
Contact: Professor Z Chen, Department of Energy Technology, Aalborg University, zch@et.aau.dk
7
Wind Power Research Activities
Optimisation of Gear Ratio
The possible
ranges of gearbox
ratio and power
levels of wind
generators have
been investigated
Characteristics of the optimized 1MW PM generator system
 The system cost and efficiency decrease with the gear ratio increases
 The total weight of the system also reduce with the gear ratio increases
 The maximum annual energy per generator cost (AEOPC) can be found.
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Contact: Professor Z Chen, Department of Energy Technology, Aalborg University, zch@et.aau.dk
Wind Power Research Activities
Excitation assistance switched reluctance generator
(DSF-10-094560)
1.Stator core -12
2.Phase coil
3.Assistant coil
4.Rotor core - 10
5.Shaft
6.Rotor core base
7.Rotor frame
Configuration of the EASRG
Prototype of the EASRG
•
•
•
•
Stator module
Advantages
Modular design (easy for manufacture
and replacement)
Simple and robust structure
High reliability
Good fault tolerant ability
Rotor & end cover
Contact: Professor Z Chen, Department of Energy Technology, Aalborg University, zch@et.aau.dk
9
Wind Power Research Activities
Power Electronics for Wind Turbine Systems
•Power electronic interface for wind turbines
•Optimized design of power electronic system
•Wind turbine control with Power electronics
•Modelling and simulation
3500
On-state loss of IGBT
Switching loss of IGBT
On-state loss of FRD
Recovery loss of FRD
2500
S3
S2
2000
S4
1500
S1
Dn
1000
On-state loss of IGBT
Switching loss of IGBT
On-state loss of FRD
Recovery loss of FRD
3000
Power loss distribution of
grid-side converter (W)
Power loss distribution of
generator-side converters (W)
3000
2500
S4
S3 S1
S2
2000
Dn
1500
1000
500
500
0
Rm Lm
3L-NPC
0
3L-FLC
Generator-side power loss distribution
Induction
generator
Gearbox
2L
Lf
Lf Transformer
Vdc
2L
3L-NPC
3L-FLC
Grid-side power loss distribution
Grid
3
R0
Cf
Rdamp
X0
AC
Cf
Back-to-back
converter
Rdamp
Wind turbine
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Contact: Professor Z Chen, Department of Energy Technology, Aalborg University, zch@et.aau.dk
Wind Power Research Activities
Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC)
arm1
idc
arm3
arm5
+
+
ucau_1 Cell11
SMua_1
ucbu_1 Cell31
ucau_2 Cell12
SMua_2
uua ucbu_2 Cell32
ucau_n Cell1n
SMua_n
-
SMub_1
uccu_1 Cell51
SMuc_1
SMub_2 uub
uccu_2 Cell52
SMuc_2
uuc
SMub_n
uccu_n Cell5n
SMuc_n
-
ucbu_n Cell3n
iua
a
-
iub
Ls
Lf
b
Ls
ila
SMla_1
ucal_2 Cell22
SMla_2
ucbl_1 Cell41
SMlb_1
ucbl_2 Cell42
SMlb_2
ula
ucal1~ucal4
ea
eb
ec
ic
Features
o
Modular structure
High voltage and power
application
Ls
ilb
+
Rf
ib
c
Ls
ic
Ls
ia
Vdc
ib
iuc
Ls
ucal_1 Cell21
ia
+
ilc
+
uccl_1 Cell61
SMlc_1
uccl_2 Cell62
SMlc_2
ulb
+
s1
ulc
Control
+
ucal_n
Cell2n
ucbl_n Cell4n
SMla_n
-
arm2
uccl_n Cell6n
SMlb_n
SMlc_n
-
-
arm4
+
arm6
Vsm s2
-
Csm
Vc
to balance capacitor voltage
to eliminating voltage ripple
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Research Activities at ET-AAU
Dual Full-Bridge Zero Current Switching (DFBZCS)
Converter and its Control Patented by Aalborg University
(DSF 10-094560)
Average Power Losses (MW)
Required Filter Inductance (mH)
FBCCM
1.063
17.0
FBDCM
1.767
3.3
DFBZCS
0.504
1.8
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Contact: Professor Z Chen, Department of Energy Technology, Aalborg University, zch@et.aau.dk
Wind Power Research Activities
Design and Control for A DC-Grid Offshore
Wind Farm
G
Features
• DC/DC converters
• VSC HVDC protection
• VSC HVDC redundant operation
G
offshore
G
onshore
T Grid
HVDC
G
offshore
converter
onshore
converter
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Contact: Professor Z Chen, Department of Energy Technology, Aalborg University, zch@et.aau.dk
Wind Power Research Activities
Dynamic Wind Turbine Model - from wind to grid
(DSF-09-071588)
Generator
Mechanical
Power Grid
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Contact: Professor Z Chen, Department of Energy Technology, Aalborg University, zch@et.aau.dk
Individual Pitch Control
Damage equivalent load (kNm)
Wind Power Research Activities
800
600
400
S-N slope = 4
200
0
Damage equivalent load (kNm)
Yaw moment
Tilt moment
Blade root bending moment
CPC
PI IPC
1000
Tilt moment
Yaw moment
Blade root bending moment
800
600
S-N slope = 10
400
200
0
CPC
PI IPC
• To mitigate the loads and fatigue of HAWTs under balanced and imbalanced
conditions respectively.
• To mitigate the wind turbine output power oscillation (flicker) caused by 3p
effect (wind shear, tower shadow, etc.)
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Contact: Professor Z Chen, Department of Energy Technology, Aalborg University, zch@et.aau.dk
Wind Power Research Activities
Small signal stability analysis
based control system design
•
•
Time domain simulation validation
Kp4=0.01, unstable
Kp4=0.55, stable
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Contact: Professor Z Chen, Department of Energy Technology, Aalborg University, zch@et.aau.dk
Wind Power Research Activities
Wind Turbine Power Quality
Flicker Mitigation with reactive power control
Gearbox
Transformer
2.5MVA
DFIG
2
Wind
1
Z
Zth
Eth=11kV
G
Capacitor
3-blade
turbine
PCC
PWM
converter
PWM
converter
Wind
turbine
In  0.1, SCR  20, k  63.4
Flicker Mitigation with a control approach
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Contact: Professor Z Chen, Department of Energy Technology, Aalborg University, zch@et.aau.dk
Wind Power Research Activities
System Optimal Design
Transmission
system
Collection
system
Offshore Wind Farm
Constraints
Wind speed data,
distance to shore
Optimal Design of
the electrical system
Capacity
Datasheet
Capacity algorithm
Optimization of
electrical system
Equipments Market
Cluster
Cluster
Cluster
WT
WT
Rectifier
DC/DC
DC/DC
Rectifier
DC/DC
DC
DC
DC/DC
WT
WT
DC/DC
Star
Rectifier
Star
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Contact: Professor Z Chen, Department of Energy Technology, Aalborg University, zch@et.aau.dk
Wind Power Research Activities
Wind Farm System Optimal Design and Control
NORTH
20%
15%
10%
5%
WEST
EAST
0.6 - 0.7
0.5 - 0.6
0.4 - 0.5
0.3 - 0.4
0.2 - 0.3
0.1 - 0.2
SOUTH
0 - 0.1
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Contact: Professor Z Chen, Department of Energy Technology, Aalborg University, zch@et.aau.dk
Wind Power Research Activities
Grid Integration of Offshore Wind Farms
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Contact: Professor Z Chen, Department of Energy Technology, Aalborg University, zch@et.aau.dk
Wind Power Research Activities
Incipient Stator Insulation Fault Detection of
Permanent Magnet Synchronous Wind Generators
IMF1(A)
0
-2000
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
D4(A)
0
-500
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
IMF4(A)
D3(A)
0
-500
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
IMF5(A)
D2(A)
200
0
-200
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
•
•
0
-100
0.4
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0
0.1
0.2
Time(s)
(b)
0.3
0.4
5000
0
2000
0
0
Res(A)
D1(A)
Maintenance Scheduling
Health Status Prediction
Reliability Evaluation
Design Improvement
0.3
0
-2000
100
0.2
5000
-5000
0.4
0.1
0
-5000
0.4
500
0
5000
-5000
0.4
500
0
-5000
0.4
500
-500
Generator
5000
2000
IMF2(A)
Fault Diagnosis/
Prognosis
A5(A)
Fault
Detection
IMF3(A)
Wind Turbine
Condition
Monitoring
D5(A)
Fault Analysis
and Simulation
0
0.1
0.2
Time(s)
(a)
0.3
0.4
-50
-100
The comparison of Discrete wavelet transform
and Hilbert-Huang Transformation on inter-turn
fault detection of PMSG
Based on Hilbert-Huang Transformation (HHT)
The capability to detect the inter-turn short circuit fault at the minimum severity degree of
0.1488% is much better than the best record (2.78%) in the literature
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Contact: Professor Z Chen, Department of Energy Technology, Aalborg University, zch@et.aau.dk
Wind Power Research Activities
Wind Power in Electricity Market
Contact: Professor Z Chen, Department of Energy Technology, Aalborg University, zch@et.aau.dk
Wind Power Research Activities
Systems with High Level Integration of Renewable
Generation Unit (DSF 2104-05-0043)
Wind power: limited autoregressive
integrated moving average (LARIMA) model
City loads
CHP generation: discrete Markov model
with multiple transition matrices
Domestic loads
Industrial loads
Load seasonal autoregressive moving
average (ARMA) model
Wind
farms
CHP plant
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
WT power factor setting for minimizing losses,
short-term distribution system planning,
cable selection for wind farm network,
wind turbine capacity and energy curtailment,
frequency deviation analysis.
23
Contact: Professor Z Chen, Department of Energy Technology, Aalborg University, zch@et.aau.dk
Wind Power Research Activities
Oscillation Performance and Wide-area Coordination
Control of Power System with Large-scale Wind Farms
Bus 26
Line 23
Bus 25
Line 15
Bus 4
Bus 9
Area 1
Load 12
Bus 12
Bus 7
Load 8
Bus 31
Bus 13
Bus 11
Gen 2
Load 31
Line 12
Line 5
Line 6
Line 7
Line 8
Bus 8
Line 29
Line 31
Bus 21
Load 15
Bus 22
Load 21
Bus 14
Bus 6
Load 7
Load 16
Load 23
Bus 23
Bus 19
Line 11
Bus 5
Line 4
Load 39
Line 3
Bus 39
Bus 35
Bus 15
Line 16
Load 4
Gen 6
Load 24
Bus 16
Line 33
Load 3
Line 2
Gen 1
Line 10
• Design a wide-area
damping control strategy,
coordinating PSS, FACTS
damping controller and wind
farm damping controller
Line 9
Bus 3
Load 27
Line 32
Line 17
Load 18
Bus 24
Line 30
Line 19
Line 1
Bus 17
Line 18
Line 20
Bus 18
Bus 38
Gen 9
Line 22
Load 25
Bus 2
Load 28
Bus 27
Line 14
Line 21
Line 24
Bus 29
Bus 28
Line 28
Bus 37
Bus 1
Line 26
Line 25
Gen 10
Bus 30
Load 29
Line 27
Load 26
Gen 8
Line 13
Area 2
Line 0
•Study the influence of wind
farm integration on power
system oscillation
Load 19
Bus 33
Bus 20 Gen 4
Bus 36
Gen 7
Bus 10
Bus 34
Bus 32
Gen 5
Gen 3
Area 3
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Contact: Professor Z Chen, Department of Energy Technology, Aalborg University, zch@et.aau.dk
Wind Power Research Activities
Research on hybrid multi-in feed HVDC system
with large scale offshore wind farms
BUS3
BUS1
CB1
Norway AC
system
LCC HVDC link
DC breaker1
CB2
Load1
Shunt
capacitors
Tie line
Gen1
G
Load2
Grid side
Gen2
CB3
Back to Back
Wind Farm
Danish Power system
DC breaker2
VSC HVDC link
BUS2
Load3
CB4
G
BUS4
Load4
Hybrid Dual-infeed HVDC system model
25
Contact: Professor Z Chen, Department of Energy Technology, Aalborg University, zch@et.aau.dk
Wind Power Research Activities
North Sea Offshore Grid Study
EU-Power Cluster
Supergrid, VSC HVDC
System stability
Economics
Contact: Professor Z Chen, Department of Energy Technology, Aalborg University, zch@et.aau.dk
“DANISH WIND DAY”
@ THE TURKISH WIND ENERGY CONGRESS
ET-AAU conducts active research in wind power
with close cooperation with industry, national and
internation research institutions,
ET-AAU welcome to develop international
collaboration.
Thank You !
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•
•
•
•
•
60
80
20
10
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TAP
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Energy in Aalborg
Bachelor of Science in Energy
1st–4th semester
5th–6th semester
Specialisation in
Electric Energy
Engineering (EEE)
Basic courses in
math, thermal,
electrical,
mechanical,
thermodynamic
and control
engineering
Specialisation in
Mechatronic
Control
Engineering (MCE)
Specialisation in
Thermal
Engineering (TEE)
Master of Science in Energy Engineering
1st semester MSc
Specialisation in
Electric Energy
Engineering (EEE)
INTRO semester
Specialisation in
Mechatronic Control
Engineering (MCE)
INTRO semester
Specialisation in
Thermal Engineering
(TEE)
INTRO semester
International Students
2nd-4th semester MSc
Power Electronics and Drives
(PED)
Electrical Power Systems and
High Voltage Engineering (EPSH)
Wind Power Systems (WPS)
Mechatronic Control Engineering
(MCE)
Thermal Energy and Process
Engineering (TEPE)
Fuel Cells and Hydrogen
Technology (HYTEC)
Energy in Esbjerg
Bachelor of Science in Energy
1st–4th semester
5th–6th semester
Specialisation in
Thermal
Processes
Basic courses in
math, thermal,
electrical,
mechanical,
thermodynamic
and control
engineering
Master of Science in
Sustainable Energy Engineering
1st semester MSc
Specialisation in
Combustion
Technology
2nd-4th semester MSc
Specialisation in
Combustion
Technology
INTRO semester
Specialisation in
Offshore Energy
Systems
Specialisation in
Offshore Energy
Systems
INTRO semester
Specialisation in
Dynamic Systems
Specialisation in
Wind Turbine
Systems
INTRO semester
International Students
Specialisation in
Wind Turbine
Systems