TECHNICAL DATA
TECHNICAL DATA
5. Selection of Tightening Tools
5-1. Flow Chart of Tool Selection
Flow Chart of tool selection ─ ─────────── 62
5-2. Selection of Manual Torque Tools
(1) Selection process ─ ────────────── 64
(2) Selection of tools by application─ ──────── 64
(3) Optimum capacity─ ────────────── 65
5-3. Selection of Power Torque Tools
(1) Selection process ─ ────────────── 66
(2) Tightening times of tools ─ ─────────── 66
5-4. Selection Standards of Tightening Tools
Selection standards of tightening tools ─ ────── 67
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TOHNICHI TORQUE HANDBOOK Vol.7
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5
Tightening Control System
For the tightening torque, it is necessary to decide the accuracy of tightening control according to the importance of
the tightening position, and to choose and to control the necessary torque tools.
Table 5-1. Bolt tightening control system
Class
A
B
Control Tightening
system tolerance
Standard
Individual
±30%
±20%
C
Individual
±10%
D
Individual
±5%
(Angle
method)
Application
Application
example
Threaded joint for use in
fixing parts subject to no
external force
· Bolts tightened to static parts
· Bolts fixing covers (Non air-tight)
Threaded joint with high
safety margin in fixing, airtightness and transfer
against external force
Application
tightening
equipment
Selection by model and
capacity.
(No torque control)
Tightening
equipment
control
Torque
assurance
system
Periodical maximum
performance
measurement.
Periodical inspection
by retightening method.
(α=1.05)
· Bolts tightened to dynamic parts. Torque-controlled
(Bolt strength classification not
tightening device.
(Indirect control device)
specified)
· Bolts for low pressure sealing.
Periodical tightening
torque measurement.
Daily inspection by
retightening method.
(α: measured values)
Threaded joint with low
safety margin in fixing, airtightness and transfer
against external force
· Bolts tightened to dynamic parts. Torque-controlled
(Bolt strength classification
tightening device.
(Direct control type)
specified)
· Bolts for high pressure sealing.
Periodical tightening
torque
measurement.
Daily tightening torque
check.
Daily inspection by
retightening method.
Daily check of tightening
device.
Threaded joint limitedly
designed in fixing, airtightness and transfer against
external force
· Main bolt for connecting rod of
engine.
· High pressure hydraulic
equipment.
Periodical tightening
torque measurement.
Daily tightening torque
check.
Monitoring.
Daily check of tightening
device.
Nutrunner with torque
control.
(with monitoring angle)
Technical Data
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TECHNICAL DATA
TECHNICAL DATA
55--111
Chapter
Selection of Tightening Tools
5-1. Flow Chart of Tool Selection
Is quantity more than 100
bolts per day?
Yes
No
Power type
Electric
Semi-automatic
Fixed
Fixed
Fixed or Portable
Portable
Pistol
Power source
Air
Tightening method
Fully automatic
Fixed or Portable
Portable
Shape
Angle
Straight
Electric multiple
unit
DCME
Battery
operated torque
screwdriver
HAT
Electric
nutrunner
DAP
Semi-automatic
airtork
Multiple unit
ME
MC
AC
Pneumatic
screwdriver
AUR
Pneumatic
nutrunner
AP
Pneumatic
screwdriver
U
Angle nutrunner
AS
AS
AC
DCME
AUR
ME
U
HAT
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DAP
MC
AP
TOHNICHI TORQUE HANDBOOK Vol.7
08.12.5 7:21:10 PM
Selection of Tightening Tools
Chapter
5-1
Manual type
Application
Tightening Work
Indicating type
Selection of Tightening Tools
Inspection
Click type
Prelock
Indicating method
Analog
Preset
Adjustable
Beam
Analog style
Torque setting style
Dial indicating
Digital torque
screwdriver
STC
Digital type
torque wrench
CEM3
Dial indicating
torque
screwdriver
FTD-S
Dial indicating
torque wrench
DB
Beam type
torque wrench
F
Pre-lock torque
wrench
PQL
PCL
F
Preset torque
screwdriver
RNTD
Preset torque
wrench
SP
QSP
RTD
STC
FTD-S
Adjustable torque
screwdriver
RTD
Adjustable torque
wrench
QL
CL
PQL
CEM3
RNTD
QL
DB
PCL
SP
CL
QSP
Technical Data
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TECHNICAL DATA
TECHNICAL DATA
Chapter
5-2
Selection of Tightening Tools
5-2. Selection of Manual Torque Tools
(1) Selection process
1) Purpose of use
(torque measurement or large quantity tightening)
Beam type, Dial type, Adjustable type, Preset type
2) Head shape
Fixed square drive, Ratchet, Open end, Ring head,
Interchangeable head
3) Torque value for use and / or frequency of use
Table 5-2. Selection of manual torque tools
Indicating type
Type
Beam
Main
applications
General tightening work,
testing and maintenance
Measuring torque
Type comparison
Digital
Adjustable
Read the deflection of the Read the torsion from
Read the digital display
beam spring directly from the torsion bar, which is for the output of the strain
the graduated plate
magnified by the dial
gauge
Structure
Model
Click type
Dial
Precise tightening work, Precise tightening work,
research and testing
research and testing
Preset
When the torque reaches
the preset value, a click is
heard and impulse is felt
When the torque reaches
the value set by the
tester, a click is heard and
impulse is felt
Particular bolt tightening,
General tightening work,
Tightening for mass production Tightening for mass production
○
◎
◎
x
x
○
○
△
○
x
x
x
x
○
◎
Accuracy
○
◎
◎
○
○
Ease of work
△
◎
◎
◎
◎
Price
◎
△
x
○
◎
SP, RSP, QRSP, QSP,
CSP, BQSP, BCSP
NTD, RNTD
Ordinary
tightening
for multiple
purpose
Tightening a
number
of screws of the
same type
◎ F, SF, QF, FR,
QFR, CF
Torque wrench
Torque
screwdriver
DB, DBE, T
CEM3
◎ QL, QLE, CL, CLE,
PQL, TiQL, TiQLE
(ATG), MTD, FTD-S
STC
◎ LTD, RTD, MLD
Tools marked with “ ◎ ” are standard torque wrenches or screwdrivers that are widely used.
(2) Selection of tools by application
Table 5-3. Selection of tools by application
Application
Item
General usage
Mass production
Error-proofing system
Insulated
Inspection
Semi-automatic
Tightening by power tool
Multiple tightening
64
Monitoring system
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Manual tools
Torque screwdriver
Power tools
Torque wrench
Pneumatic tool
Electric tool
RTD, LTD, AMRD,BMRD, AMLD, BMLD QL, QLE, CL, CLE
−
SP, QSP, (PQL), CSP,
RNTD, NTD
−
QRSP, BQSP
QLLS, PQLLS, QSPLS,SPLS, MPQL,
AURLS,ACLS
Made to Order: LTDLS
FH256MC, CNA-4mk2
RTDZ
PQLZ
MTD, FTD, STC
−
−
−
−
DB, CDB-S, T, SF, F,
CF, QF, CEM3
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
A,AC
−
AUR, U, AS, AP
DAP, HAT
−
−
MG, MF, ME, MC
DCME
Made to Order:
METC, MCTC + Display
Torque wrench with sensor + Display
DCMETC + Display
TOHNICHI TORQUE HANDBOOK Vol.7
08.12.4 0:07:10 AM
Selection of Tightening Tools
Chapter
5-2
Head Shape
Tightening
Dual square drive
Open spanner
Ring head
Pipe wrench
Interchangeable head
Notched open spanner
Made-to-order head
Inspection
Interchangeable head
Square drive
(3) Optimum capacity
Selection of Tightening Tools
Open ratchet
Ratchet
Ratchet
Table 5-4. Optimum capacity
Tightening torque
Optimum usage range
(Against max. capacity)
Note
Below 200 [N・m]
40 to 90%
Can be used at max. capacity
if within 100 pcs. per day
Over 200 [N・m]
40 to 70%
Note: The operator may feel fatigue if the wrench is used at close to the maximum capacity.
Also, the weight of the wrench will be unnecessarily heavy when it is used at low ranges.
The optimum capacity is to use under the target of around 70% of maximum capacity.
Example: When QL200N4 and the setting torque T = 80 [N·m], then
P (Hand force) =
Setting torque
80
=
= 200 [N]
Effective length
400 ÷ 1000
Table 5-5. Case of tightening torque: 80 [N·m] *Refer to effective length of QL model (P.174)
Suitability
Torque wrench to
use
Mass
[kg]
Hand force
[N]
Result
△
QL200N4
○
QL140N
1.40
200
Heavy
0.78
250
△
Good
QL100N4
0.68
308
Large hand force
required
◎
TiLQL180N
1.00
160
Light, small hand force
Technical Data
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TECHNICAL DATA
TECHNICAL DATA
Chapter
5-3
Selection of Tightening Tools
5-3. Selection of Power Torque Tools
(1) Selection process
1) Power (air, electric, hydraulic)
2) Shape (hand-held, fixed, head shape, reaction force support)
3) Capacity (tightening torque value, tightening accuracy)
4) Tightening time (rotations)
Table 5-6. Selection of power torque tools
Air
Electric
Hand-held
Structure
Type comparison
Main applications
Fixed
Without reaction
With reaction
Auto stop by toggle
mechanism
Driven
by pneumatic motor
With reaction arm to
absorb reaction during
tightening Auto stop by
toggle mechanism
Built-in to automatic
equipment
Auto stop by toggle
mechanism Tightening
completion signal by LS
General
tightening of small
screws
Individual bolts in
factories
Tightening of
medium and large
screws
Individual
bolts in
factories
Auto
tightening of many
units, or multiple
axis
tightening
Small screws
Medium screws
Large screws
General multipurpose tightening
Same screw large
quantity tightening
Rotation (auto
speed change)
Weight
Noise
Accuracy
Operation
Price
Model
Hand-held
Without
With reaction
reaction
Auto stop by toggle With arm to absorb
mechanism
reaction during
Driven by electric
tightening
motor
General
tightening of small
screws,
or multiple
axis
tightening
Tightening
of medium and
large screws
Individual bolts
inside and outside
factories
Fixed
Built-in to automatic
equipment
Auto tightening, or
control by multiple
axis tightening driver
Auto
tightening of many
units or
multiple axis
tightening
◎
△
x
x
○
◎
○
◎
◎
◎
△
x
x
○
◎
△
◎
△
○
○
x
○
○
x
△
△
◎
△
△
◎
◎
○
◎（○）
○
△
◎（○）
◎
○
○
○
◎
○
△
○
○
○
○
○（△）
○（◎）
◎
△
○
◎
○
○
○
△
○
○
○
○
○
○（△）
○（◎）
◎
△
U, AUR, AS
AP
MG, MF, ME, MC, AME
HAT
DAP
DCME
(2) Tightening times of tools
Table 5-7. Tightening time of various tools [sec. / piece]
Screw joint
Screw,
tightening
torque
M8
（P1.25）
T ＝ 22
［N·m］
（e ＝ 10）
66
Manual
Power
Power + Manual
Semi automatic
(Air motor + click type in a body)
Number of
thread ridges
Simultaneous
tightening
[pieces]
10
1
9.6
8.0
3.2
5.4
4.0
3.5
10
4
7.2
6.5
1.9
3.0
2.3
2.3
16
1
14.6
12.6
4.6
7.3
6.7
5.6
16
4
12.5
10.6
2.5
4.0
4.0
3.6
Indicating
type (DB50N)
Click type
(QL50N)
Full automatic
direct control
(ASH40N)
Impact wrench +
click type
(QL50N)
(AC50N)
(AC100N)
In the test conditions, the screw is inserted into the tapped hole and the tool is placed on the table. The time interval is measured from the
start of tightening until the tightening has been completed and the tool has been returned to the table. For manual tools, you may tighten the
screw with your fingers.
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Selection of Tightening Tools
5-4
Chapter
5-4. Selection Standards of Tightening Tools
Table 5-8. Selection standards of tightening tools
Name
Important screw,
Number, Degree of importance
General screw
Nominal
Specification of screw
Class of strength
Head shape　Number of tightening threads　Male screw,　Female screw,　Number of bolts tightened Limit of strength
(P =　Screw thread　(T-max =　)
N·m/kgf·cm/lbf·in
Tightening torque
Tolerance
Class,
Washer
None, Flat washer, Spring washer　(Strong, Normal)
Surface treatment
None, Parkerizing, Plating　(Zn, Cr,
Lubrication
None, machine oil, Wax-based oil, molybdenum disulfide
±　%, T = to
)
Number of bolts tightened
Pieces/day (Time limit
Number of bolts tightened
simultaneously
Pieces
Coefficient of joint
Hard,　Medium,　Soft (e =　Tightening space
Socket Usable　Not usable
On the bolt　II. Tightening Tool
Type
Manual type
Sec/piece, None)
)
mm, Around the bolt　mm, Swing Total length　Model
Manual, Powered, Manual + Powered
Click type, Indicating type/　Adjustable type, Preset type
Head type
Square drive, Open end head, Ring head / Fixed ratchet / Interchangeable head
Capacity (Ease-of-use)
T　Power
Compressed air　(Pressure　Mpa or above), Electric　( V), Hydraulic
Power source
/weight　kg, Overall length　mm, Hand force　N
Portable, Fixed / Single Axis, Multiple Axes
Type
r.p.m (at )
Number of rotations
Torque control method
Direct control (Graduations, Non-scaled), Indirect control, Maximum capacity,
No control
Capacity, shape
T Tightening tool
/ Straight, Pistol, Angle
Type
Sec / piece
Time required for tightening
$ / piece
Cost of tightening
Socket (　x　), Bit
Hose diameter
Technical Data
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mm
From the top, From the side, From the bottom
Direction of tightening
Accessories
)
Selection of Tightening Tools
I. Screw joint
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