How Membrane
Technology Contributes to
Sustainability and Life
Sciences
Abhishek Roy
Mike Koreltz, Peter Aerts, Mou Paul,
Steve Rosenberg, Bob Cieslinski, Ian Tomlinson
Steve Jons, Marty Peery
Dow.com
•
•
•
•
The world 2030
Energy and water: trends and challenges
Innovations for optimizing water-energy
Applications for Life Science
2
By 2030,
the world’s population will reach
8.3 billion
3
1.8 billion people
will live in water-scarce
regions by 2025
4
Oven
TMC application
T
Rewind
T
amine
application
PET+PS
Polyamide
0.2 µm
Polysulfone
Ultrathin
Barrier Layer
Microporous
40 µm
Polysulfone
Substrate
Reinforcing
Polyester
Fabric
120 µm
Extraction
30% more water
6
45% more energy
7
Water for Energy
Extraction & Refining
Hydropower
Fuel Production
(Ethanol, hydrogen)
Thermo electric cooling
Extraction and
Transmission
Wastewater treatment
Drinking water treatment
Energy associated with
uses of water
Energy for Water
99.0 %
0.4
100 psi
0.25
125 psi
0.2
0.15
0.1
Chemical Savings
200 psi
Ind STD
Energy Savings
OPEX
OPEX
ECO
BW30
0.05
0
0.1
99.7 % 99.5 %
99.3 %
0.3
ECOnomical
($ over lifetime of
element)
Salt Permeability (GFD)
0.35
ECOlogical
(sustainability over the
lifetime of element)
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
0.35
0.4
0.45
Water Permeability (GFD/psi)
9
Permeability
4x
4x
3x
3x
2x
2x
1x
1x
1980
1990
2000
Permeate TDS reduction
Commercialization Reality for FT30
2010
10
Takes Decades to make the
next big change – WHY?
Absence of fundamental structure-property relationship
Monomer ratio
Morphology
Roughness,
surface area
Thickness
Amine
amine
acid
chloride
Acid
chloride
alt. acid chloride
Alternative monomer
Functional group conc
Modulus
End group conc
Free volume,
Swelling
Charge Density
X-link, Tg
0.18
2
1.9
1.8
0.14
mPD/TMA
COOH mmoles/g
0.16
0.12
1.7
1.6
1.5
0.1
1.4
0.08
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
0.35
1.3
0.1
0.15
TMC conc
0.25
0.3
0.35
0.22
0.24
1.8
Amine content (mmoles/g)
COOH/amide
0.2
0.15
0.1
0.05
0.2
TMC (wt %)
1.7
1.6
1.5
1.4
1.3
1.2
0.14
0.04 0.08 0.12 0.16 0.2 0.24 0.28
0.16
0.18
0.2
TMC wt (%)
TMC conc (wt %)
In the last 30 years we are locked in a narrow compositional
window- Let’s expand ….
12
Functionality
Charge
Cl
Cl
O
Cl
Cl
O
CF3
O
O
CH3
CF3
Cl
O
O
Cl
OH
O
Flexibility
Rigidity
2 y performance
DOW FILMTEC™ ECO
RO Elements
40%
30%
less salt passage
less energy
Saves 2 billion kilo watts of energy and reduces 1.5 million
metric tons of CO2 emissions over 10 years
Water/energy
scarcity and
declining feed
water quality
Water customers
Increasing
discharge
requirements / Zero
discharge
Seawater
Municipal WWTP
Brackish water
Receiving body
Recovered
water
15
MISC
1%
UV
10%
UV
RO
59%
MF
30%
MF
RO
Biological Fouling
(ΔP)
MISC
Energy cost
breakdown
Organic Fouling (TMP)
1. Energy
2. Cost of cleaning chemicals
3. Reliability
16
Ref: OCWD, Shu et al AWWA- 2015
Research
1. Fouling control and mitigation
2. Understanding 3D structure
3. Computational high throughput
research
4. Increasing discharge
requirements / Zero discharge
17
18
0.4
99.0 %
70 psi
100 psi
0.3
99.3 %
0.25
0.2
0.15
Tankless
200 psi
99.5 %
125 psi
Ind STD
0.1
ECO
99.7 %
Salt Permeability (GFD)
0.35
0.05
0
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
0.35
0.4
0.45
Water Permeability (GFD/psi)
19
Drinkable
(25 %)
Drinkable
Waste
Problems
 Scaling of membrane
High Recovery
Current
Ca+2
+
CO3-2
Bulk Crystallization
CaCO3
Particulate
Deposition
Feed Flow
Ca+2
+
 System efficiency
Application knowledge
CO3-2
Surface
Crystallization
CaCO3
Membrane Side View
Removal
CaCO3
Approach
Improved module design
Fundamental research
around scaling
Permeate
20
MW
Daltons
100
10
Milk
Component
1000
water
Lactose
ions
Vitamins
104
105
Lactalbumin
106
BSA polymer
Enzymes
Fat globules
Casein micelles
Separation
process
RO
Ultrafiltation
Nano filtation
MF
Research
1.
2.
3.
High throughput vs Nitrogen rejection
Water reuse vs waste water production
Cleanability vs life time
Ref: Wisconsin Dairy Institute
21
Material
x-linked Polyimides, PDMS,
Pan support
Advantages
Replace solvent extraction
Replace crystallization
Replace distillation
Challenges
Stability of membrane
Rejection dependent
solvent/solute/membrane
interactions
LBS
Filtration
Filtration
HBS
LBS
HBS
22
Addressing water availability,
water quality, cost and energy
efficiency
23