Smart Water for Smart Cities: A Workshop
Smart Water
Optimization
begins with
clean power,
proven designs,
efficient energy usage
and safety.
Telemetry and Remote
SCADA Solutions
Sponsored by Schneider Electric’s
Water Wastewater Competency Center
Questions:
What is Telemetry?
Communication with Remote Devices over a
medium like radio, telephone, satellite, etc.
What is SCADA?
Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition.
Often an incorrect synonym for host software.
What is Remote SCADA?
SCADA for Remote Devices (duh…)
What is a Telemetry and Remote SCADA Solution?
All of the above as a solution.
(again, duh…sorry)
By end of this session, you will know…
1.  The many components of TRSS***
2.  The Current Trends for TRSS***
3.  The meaning of Communication Protocols
4.  The Latest in TRSS*** Technologies
5.  New applications for TRSS***
*** TRSS = Telemetry and Remote SCADA Solutions
Understanding the Basics
Telemetry & Remote SCADA Solutions
Products
&
Systems
Operation / Business Systems
Host SCADA
Integrated SCADA Software,
Ready-to-Use Telemetry and Configuration
Wide area SCADA for critical Infrastructures
Wide range of open protocols / interfaces:
Modbus, DNP3, Ethernet, OPC, SQL, …
Communication Medium
Radios (Licensed / non-licensed), phone, cell
Serial / Ethernet connection
Support of Modbus / DNP3 protocols
RTU / PLC
Cost effective, scalable, environmentally rugged
Modbus / DNP3 communications
Programmable or configurable
Field Devices
Rapid-deploy, self contained:
Instruments, transmitters, meters,
VFDs, intelligent power systems, etc.
RTU = Remote Telemetry Unit
Definite purpose
RTU
Rack-based PLC
with Networking
SMART RTU’S
Variable Speed Drive
or Intelligent Power
Systems with
Networking
“Brick” PLC
Dedicated
Communication Host
Due to technology,
Dumb RTUs are not
typical anymore
Intelligent Overload / Motor
Management System
RTU/Web Gateway
Remote I/O with Networking
“DUMB" RTU’S
Trends in RTU Technologies
Optimized for WWW –
integrated PLC/RTU, respond
to multiple hosts, routing
between communication ports
Remote communication #1 –
Ethernet or serial over
phone, leased line, radio and
GPRS/3G mobile networks
Industrial hardened #1 –
Designed for remote
locations, extended
temperatures, high reliability
Remote communication #2 –
Ethernet connectivity to field
devices, Modbus, DNP3 and
others.
Industrially hardened #2 –
“Battery-less” Processor
protects data from loss.
Integrated Security Suite –
DNP3 protocol may be
fitted with data encryption
and/or authentication
Expandable I/O - Traditional
Rack mount (like a PLC) or
expansion I/O modules
IEC 1131 Programming –
Same as plant-based PLC’s.
Market Trends & Challenges
Remote System Challenges
Typical WWW System
• Geographically dispersed pump/booster stations
• Regulatory compliance & reporting
• Critical Infrastructure – heightened security
• Relatively low bandwidth communication
Solution Requirements
• Real-time database, multi-layer vector graphics
• Extensive event logging, audit trail & alarm
redirection
• Triple redundancy, integrated video surveillance
• Ability to handle communication failure/congestions
Municipality Interests
Operator
Efficiency
• Centralization of operations to monitor and control remotely
• Analyzing increasing amount and different types of data
• Allowing new generation of operators to make the right decisions
• Integration with business systems
Engineering
Efficiency
• Reduce the time to build and maintain automation systems
• Simplify configuration and deployment
• Standardization across facilities
• Continuing support for open standards promoting interconnectivity
Process
Optimization
• Operator responsibility for process optimization (e.g. Downtime)
• Reduce energy usage through improved energy management
• Real time metrics to facilitate faster decisions
Key Market Trends
●  Demand for
●  Ethernet connectivity and awareness
●  Increased bandwidth and greater efficiency
●  Improved security
●  Open standards and protocols
●  Easy of configuration, implementation &
execution
●  Speed of deployment
●  Convergence of WWW, SCADA, Communications
and IT departments
●  Alternative technologies: DSL, Cell
Communication Drivers #1
● Optimized Design & Implementation
● Reduction of project implementation risks through proven
technology and rapid deployment
● Protocol agnostic communication layer
● Solutions obstacles & distances
● Reduced infrastructure expense
● Optimized Operational Costs
● Minimal ongoing operational costs
● Minimal maintenance costs
● Remote diagnostics & configuration
Communication Drivers #2
● Reliable and Secure data communication
● Minimized vulnerability and preventative diagnostics
● Scalable redundancy of radios, network paths
● Network and Data security and protection
● Ownership and control of the network
● Simple and rapid system re-configuration
● Consistent & dependable network performance
● Long term reliability & availability
Radio Trends
•  Licensed band – 380 to 520 MHz (UHF)
•  standard & redundant base / repeater stations
•  Unlicensed - 915 MHz / 2.4GHz Spread Spectrum
•  open frame & board only versions
•  Ethernet & serial connectivity
•  Point to Point and Multi-Point networks
•  Simultaneous multiple applications/protocols on
one radio system
•  Support polling and unsolicited reporting
•  Network wide diagnostics from anywhere in the
system including any remote radio
•  Remote diagnostics
Communication Protocols:
Conversations among
the Electronics
DNP3 vs Modbus
● Transmits Changed Data
● Stores Data On Communication Loss
● Packet Optimization
● Security And Encryption
● Supported by a growing number of
RTUs
DNP3
MODBUS
● Most common protocol used
● Transmits Range Of Registers
● No Storage On Comm Loss
● Limited Security or Encryption
● Supported by most RTUs
Latest TRSS Technologies
DNP3 Secure:
Authentication & Encryption
Unique
to DNP3
Master
● Non-Critical Messages
Operate As Usual
● Critical Messages Are
“Challenged”
● Operation is only carried
out if challenge “Passes”
RTU
Non-critical message
Perform
operation
Standard protocol response
Critical Message
Authentication challenge
Authentication response
Standard protocol response
Authenticate
& perform
operation
Solar Power = Low Power Features
● Sleep Mode
● Slower CPU Clock Speed
● Reduced Power Consumption
● Shut Down Certain Comm Ports
● Communications Scheduling
● Disconnect Of Diagnostic LED’s
Simplicity:
Battery Powered Wireless Sensors
Long-life, self-powered wireless field devices
Integrated instrumentation / communications
Stranded measurement points
Hazardous locations
Schneider Electric’s Accutech Portfolio
Wireless Basics
Typical Architectures – Point to Point
ACCESS
POINT
REMOTE
RTU or
PLC
HOST
• Direct cable replacements
•  Applications requiring continuous communication
in both directions
Typical Architectures – Point to Multipoint
REMOTE
RTU or
PLC
ACCESS
POINT
(Entry
Point)
HOST
• Wide area SCADA networks
• Access Point (Base)
REMOTE
RTU or
PLC
REMOTE
RTU or PLC
Typical Architectures –
Point to Multipoint via Repeater
REMOTE
REMOTE
(Entry
Point)
ACCESS
POINT
(Repeater)
HOST
RTU or
PLC
REMOTE
RTU or PLC
Repeater located at high site (i.e. Water
Tank) for maximum coverage
Typical Applications
Applications
Wastewater
Application:
Lift/Booster Station for 4 pumps
Realised Value:
•  Reduced cost of ownership
through remote configuration &
diagnostics
•  Improved operation &
compliance through time
stamped data & priority
reporting
Applications
Water
Application:
Demand billing
Realised Value:
•  Accurate billing information
improving revenues
•  High availability through multiple
communications links
•  Improved security through overthe-air data encryption
Applications: Wireless Sensors
- Reservoir level monitoring
- Municipal storm water monitoring
- Dissolved oxygen, pH level, data monitoring
- Pressure monitoring
- Tank level and pressure
- Others?
Schneider Electric Telemetry and Remote SCADA: Accutech Product Line Overview
Scenario:
Municipalities all over the world face the constant challenge of managing
storm water drainage systems that are built through communities and
outlining areas. These systems are used to prevent erosion and are
necessary to control wastewater pathways through the water system during
extreme weather events. Monitoring points for these systems are often in
disparate locations and are difficult to install.
Storm water monitoring
Storm Water Monitoring
The City of Houston Storm Water
Maintenance branch has a big
challenge when managing the large
amounts of water that fill their
ditches and bayous during frequent
weather events. Environmental
concerns and influx rates at
treatment facilities must be
monitored continuously throughout
the system including points where
no networking provisions are in
place.
Solution
•  Numerous points in Houston’s storm water
management system had level meters that
were no longer connected through to the host.
•  Analog input devices were mated to the level
meters
•  The base radio was located at the branch
headquarters and connected to their host
•  The system was up and running in two days
with the installation of an Accutech network.
Conclusion
Conclusion
1. Telemetry and Remote SCADA Solutions are made
up many components
2. The Current Trends and Technologies will continue
to change and improve
3. Protocol development (like DNP3) will continue to
help address current needs
4. Schneider Electric continues to lead the industry in
TRSS applications
Smart Water for Smart Cities: A Workshop
Smart Water
Optimization
begins with
clean power,
proven designs,
efficient energy usage
and safety.
Telemetry and Remote
SCADA Solutions
Sponsored by Schneider Electric’s
Water Wastewater Competency Center
Telemetry & Remote SCADA Solutions
Products
&
Systems
Business Systems
ClearSCADA
Object oriented, wide area SCADA for critical
Infrastructures in WWW, O&G and Electrical Energy
integrated SCADA and ready to use Telemetry features
Wide range of open protocols and interfaces:
DNP3, IEC60870-5, WITS, Modbus, OPC, SQL, …
Trio
Licensed/license-free radios for serial
and Ethernet communication, support of Modbus,
DNP3 and IEC60870-5-101/104 protocols
SCADAPack
Cost effective, scalable, Smart RTU
Modbus-centric and DNP3/IEC60870-centric
Accutech
Rapid-deploy, self contained,
battery-powered
Wireless Instruments
Appendix
Leak Management - Calculation
●  The system performs leakage calculations based on real-time and
historical data analysis in both distribution and transmission
networks.
Leak Management - Calculation
●  The WMS: LM runs several distribution monitoring methods that can
detect possible leaks:
●
●
●
●
Flow Balance, comparing pipeline inlet and outlet flows.
Mass Balance, comparing pipeline inlet and outlet volumes.
Minimum Night Flow, tracking DMA nightly consumption.
Hydraulic Supervision, comparing measured hydraulic parameters with
simulated values.
●  Alarm Limits based on fixed thresholds, adaptive limits or logic rules.
WMS:LM - Pressure Management
●  Monitoring of Pressure Management Areas (PMA) behaviour.
●  Optimisation of Pressure Regulating Valves (PRV) and Variable
Speed Pumps (VSP) settings.
WMS:LM - Active Leakage Control
●  The system has the capability of managing Active Leakage Control
activities and interfacing with third-party Computerised Maintenance
Management Systems (CMMS).
WMS:LM - Repair Management
●  The system has the capability to integrate with CMMS and Outage
Management Systems (OMS) to streamline pipe repair management
and monitoring.
WMS:LM - Asset Management
●  The system identifies the most critical infrastructure from a leakage/
burst point of view. It supports managers to solve the “replace or
repair” dilemma and prioritise capital expenditure in the distribution
network.
WMS:LM - Business Intelligence
●  The WMS:LM includes a Business Intelligence platform providing
specific reports, performance indicators, statistics, etc.
●  It includes water balance and reports for regulators.
Stormwater Management - Overview
Weather Forecast
Simulation Models
●  Accurate and reliable
●  High spatial and temporal resolution
●  Forecasts tuned to reality
●  Meteorology consultation
●  Dynamic flow calculations through
the urban drainage system
●  Prediction of flooding & overflows,
locations, extent & severity
●  Prediction of loads to treatment
plants
Stormwater
Telemetry Networks
●  Real-time sewer system condition
information
●  Facilities monitoring
●  Control of CSOs
Integrated
Solution
Visualization Portal
●  Google Maps/GIS platform
●  Customized warnings and alerting
services
●  Web Service delivery
●  Mobile Apps
Stormwater Mgmt - Forecasting
●  Accurate Forecast
●  Expert analysis and forecasting
●  Independent analyses show that SE DTN
forecasts are the most accurate – 5
consecutive years
●  Timely Forecasts
●  Forecasts are updated every hour – always
current to reflect rapidly changing conditions
●  Advanced technology
●  10 years+ of R&D partnership with NCAR to
develop state-of-the-art forecasting tools
●  Complete Services
Historical data, Weather visualization,
Consulting
Professional consultation: 24x7, +50
meteorologists, online consulting, blog
SE-DTN Weather Operations
Center - Minneapolis
Stormwater Mgmt – Drainage Simulation
Hydrological Module
●  Land phase of hydrological cycle
in urban catchments
●  Critical Input: accurate Weather
Forecast
●  Output: runoff hydrographs
Hydraulic Module
[m]
15.5
Nivel del agua en brazos - 5-7-2004 15:33:00 Tam_CME9_sintet-25-años_1-h.PRF
15.0
Water level
●  Pipeflow simulation
●  Input: runoff hydrographs
(+ dry-weather loads for combined
systems)
●  Output: water levels and flows
●  Prediction of flooding and overflow
locations, extent and severity
14.5
14.0
13.5
13.0
12.5
12.0
11.5
11.0
0.0
50.0
100.0
150.0
200.0
250.0
300.0
350.0
400.0
450.0
500.0
[m]
Stormwater/ Flood Visualization
Current and Future high-resolution
(0.6 square miles) radar
Easy-to-use interface with click on-off
weather layers
Weather forecast with flooding/CSOs
alerting
Patented user-customized weather
monitoring and alerting
Slide Show for convenient and
continuous updated to control-center
big screens
Information to a Smart City platform,
for coordination with Traffic, Security,
etc.
Watershed Hydrology & Water Quality
Hosted SCADA
Why host SCADA?
● Customer Benefit
● Overcomes resource shortage to maintain systems
● Desire NOT to have IT infrastructure around a SCADA system
● Monthly cost vs. large system costs
● Accessiblity
● Performance Contracts
● Monitor our performance
● Optimize improvement through data gathering and analytics
● Find patterns which hurt performance
● Benefits for us
● Customer intimacy
● Ability to add options/services over time
● Contracting local System Integrators for installations and service.
Wireless Basics
Typical Architectures – Point to Point
ACCESS
POINT
REMOTE
RTU or
PLC
HOST
• Direct cable replacements
•  Applications requiring continuous communication
in both directions
Typical Architectures – Point to Multipoint
REMOTE
RTU or
PLC
ACCESS
POINT
(Entry
Point)
HOST
• Wide area SCADA networks
• Access Point (Base)
REMOTE
RTU or
PLC
REMOTE
RTU or PLC
Typical Architectures –
Point to Multipoint via Repeater
REMOTE
REMOTE
(Entry
Point)
ACCESS
POINT
(Repeater)
HOST
RTU or
PLC
REMOTE
RTU or PLC
Repeater located at high site (i.e. Water
Tank) for maximum coverage
Wireless Basics
What defines the range of Wireless communication?
•  Path Loss •  Path loss (or path attenuation) is the reduction in power of a radio wave as it propagates
from one point to another.
•  Path loss is sum of radio wave attenuation due to the following:
• Space Attenuation –
•  RF signals are attenuated at a rate proportional to the square of the distance traveled
and proportional to the frequency of the transmission (2.4GHz has less range than
915MHz)
•  Obstructions : RF signals are attenuated due to trees, buildings and mounting that absorb and
scatter the RF signal.
•  Other factors that affect range include •  Signal reflection leading to multi-path fading
•  Interference resulting from other users of the spectrum
•  Earth curvature over long distances
Obstructions
Transmitter
Receiver
Wireless Basics
How to overcome obstructions?
•  Repeater •  Adding a Repeater helps to overcome obstructions and path loss.
•  A Repeater is normally located on a mountain top or other location with good line of sight to all
remotes in the system.
Repeater
Transmitter
Receiver
Wireless Basics
Fresnel Zone Clearance and Reflections
•  Fresnel Zone •  When wireless signals are transmitted from one location to another, the energy is spread
parabolic “cone” that is referred to the Fresnel Zone.
•  The size of the Fresnel zone is proportional to frequency and distance between the two sites
•  If there is an obstruction that is inside the Fresnel zone, the receiving site may observed two
signals :
• One directly from the transmitting site and
• One reflected from the obstruction
• The reflection may cause destructive interference causing signal loss or fading.
•  ie: Signals may fade over time as reflections off a water body change with tide height
Fr es nel Zone
Fr es nel Height
M ast er Ra dio T ower
R TU Radio Tow er
R ef lec ted P ath
Fig. 2
Wireless Basics
Terminology
Amplitude is the power of a radio signal
>  Often represented in decibels (dB).
>  3dB = 2 x Power, 10dB = 10 x Power, 20dB = 100 x Power
>  dB is a logarithmic ratio that simplifies calculations.
Transmitter Power
>  Measured in Watts or dBm (dBm is relative to 1mW )
>  dBm=10 Log P2/P1 where P1=1mW
>  1 Watt = 30 dBm, 100 mW = 20 dBm
>  A 1 Watt (30dBm) radio transmits a stronger signal than a 100 mW (20dBm) radio…
>  Transmitted Power dissipates in space losing 6 dB every time the distance is doubled.
Receiver Sensitivity
>  Measured in uV or dBm and represents how weak a signal the receiver can hear
>  Sensitivity of –96 dBm is 3.51 uV
Antenna Gain
>  Measured in dBi (dB relative to an isotropic antenna) or dBd (dB relative to a dipole)
Conclusions
>  Transmitter and Receiver parameters are always relative to a level (dBm)
>  Signal Loss and Attenuation are absolute values (dB)
>  Radio performance is a combination of transmit power AND receive sensitivity.
>  A radio with –104 dBm receive sensitivity will “hear” signals that a –96 dBm radio will not…no
matter how strong the signal was when it was transmitted.
>  Note that a radio with –104 dB sensitivity will operate at approximately twice the range of –96 dB
radio. 6 dB = double the range.
Wireless Basics
Free Space Loss
L = Free Space Loss (dB)
r = distance in meters
λ = wavelength in meters
R e c e iv e d S ig n a l S t re n g th (d B m )
•  Represents the ttheoretical RF loss (attenuation) (in dB) over a distance in a vacuum.
•  Real World path loss will always be higher
•  Calculated with this formulae:
Received Signal Strength vs Distance
0
Free Space Path Loss only at 900 Mhz. Tx power 1 watt
-20
-40
-60
-80
-100
-120
1
10
100
1000
Radial Distance (metres)
10000 100000
Wireless Basics
Fade Margin - What is fade margin?
•  RF signal into receiver over and above 1E-6 BER level.
•  Maintains link quality if signal fades due to: Reflections, Rain Loss, Maintenance Problems.
Omni Antenna
Gain = 6 dBi
Coaxial Cable
Loss = 2dB
Path Loss
Loss = 130dB
Yagi Antenna
Gain = 9 dBi
-88
-87
-96
Total System Gain = +30
+28
+34
Coaxial Cable
Loss = 1dB
BER = -108 dBm @ 10^6
Fade Margin =
Transmitting Radio
Transmitter 1W
Gain = 30 dB
+ 20dB
Receiving Radio
BER = -108 dBm @ 10^6
Green = Add to Budget
Red = Subtract from Budget
Wireless Basics
RF coverage, planning and the level of infrastructure required differ depending on the
spectrum utilized.
Radio Path Study
•  A radio path study is a valuable analysis tool used to determine radio
signal loss over a terrain profile. It can help in determining critical
system components like radios, antennas, towers, repeater stations and
system layouts. A typical study is generated from customer-supplied
GPS coordinates utilizing specialized software tools.
•  As part of our ongoing program of dedicated customer support, we offer
Radio Path Study services free of charge:
•  Complete the excel-based Path Study request at Path Study Request Form
•  Submit form to pathstudy@controlmicrosystems.com (allow 2 weeks for
study)
Accessories - Antennas
Antennas come in various shapes and sizes. In general, there are two main
types
Omni Directional
Co-linear Antenna
Omni Directional
Dipole Antenna
Omni-directional
Directional Yagi Antenna
Directional
Parabolic Antenna
Directional
Accessories - Other
Other critical components in a wireless system includes RF cable, lightning
arrestor, Omni-directional and directional antennas.
DIN Rail Kits
Coaxial Cable &
Connectors
Surge Protector/
Lightning Arrestor
Duplexers
Typical Applications
Applications
Wastewater
Application:
Lift/Booster Station for 4 pumps
Realised Value:
•  Reduced cost of ownership
through remote configuration &
diagnostics
•  Improved operation &
compliance through time
stamped data & priority
reporting
Applications
Water
Application:
Demand billing
Realised Value:
•  Accurate billing information
improving revenues
•  High availability through multiple
communications links
•  Improved security through overthe-air data encryption
Applications: Wireless Sensors
- Reservoir level monitoring
- Municipal storm water monitoring
- Dissolved oxygen, pH level, data monitoring
- Pressure monitoring
- Tank level and pressure
- Others?
Schneider Electric Telemetry and Remote SCADA: Accutech Product Line Overview
Scenario:
Municipalities all over the world face the constant challenge of managing
storm water drainage systems that are built through communities and
outlining areas. These systems are used to prevent erosion and are
necessary to control wastewater pathways through the water system during
extreme weather events. Monitoring points for these systems are often in
disparate locations and are difficult to install.
Storm water monitoring
Storm Water Monitoring
The City of Houston Storm Water
Maintenance branch has a big
challenge when managing the large
amounts of water that fill their
ditches and bayous during frequent
weather events. Environmental
concerns and influx rates at
treatment facilities must be
monitored continuously throughout
the system including points where
no networking provisions are in
place.
Solution
•  Numerous points in Houston’s storm water
management system had level meters that
were no longer connected through to the host.
•  Analog input devices were mated to the level
meters
•  The base radio was located at the branch
headquarters and connected to their host
•  The system was up and running in two days
with the installation of an Accutech network.
Accutech Products in W&WW
Level
These wireless tank level field units use a submersible
pressure sensor to provide hydrostatic level of a vented tank
or well. Specific-gravity correction and all common level
units are offered.
SL10
Submersible
Level Meter
GL10 Gauge
Level Meter
Flow
Open channel flow may be measured from liquid level using the
DP20 wireless differential pressure sensor. When the DP20
operates in Open Channel Mode it may be configured with a K
factor to report directly in units of flow. Channels with irregular
dimensions can be accommodated using an additional 22-point
custom curve.
DP20 Differential
Pressure Meter
TM10 Turbine
Meter Totalizer
Accutech in Irrigation
The irrigation market is perhaps the best suited to Accutech, with monitoring points almost
always located at a distance with no possibility for power.
Current opportunities on the US West Coast include well/reservoir/aquifer/canal level
monitoring. Accutech SL10 submersible level field units are the product of choice for
these applications.
The SL10 wireless field units use a submersible pressure
sensor to provide hydrostatic level up to 100’ (30m) depth.
Accutech SL10
Submersible
Level
Accutech in Treatment Plants
Treatment plants often require monitoring points which are either at a distance
or in areas where wiring is problematic, examples include:
-  Digester gas applications (i.e. volume measurement, flow, DP)
- Headworks monitoring (i.e. rpm measurement of rotating screens)
-  Pressure and level.
While in-plant applications
are not a prime target for
Accutech there do exist
processes which remain
difficult to wire / service that
are outside the plant.
Schneider Electric Telemetry and Remote SCADA: Accutech Product Line Overview
Solar Power Applications
Need Low Power Features
● Sleep Mode
● Slower Clock Speed
● Reduced Power Consumption
● Shut Down Certain Comm Ports
● Communications Scheduling
● Disconnect Of Diagnostic LED’s