energy 10
research · developm ent ·
Annual report 2010 on public grants from energy research programmes
ForskEL, EDDP/ERP, ELforsk, DSCR Energy and Environment and energy
projects of the Danish National Advanced Technology Foundation
behaviour, barriers and means · lighting · biomass · hydrogen and fuel cells · buildings · wave power
power and control electronics · efficient energy use · energy systems · fossil fuels · industrial processes
cooling · social analyses · solar energy · ventilation · wind power
Danish Agency for Science,
Technology and Innovation
Bredgade 40
DK-1260 København K
Tel.: +45 35 44 62 00
fi@fi.dk
www.fi.dk
Energinet.dk
Tonne Kjærsvej 65,
DK-7000 Fredericia
Tel.: +45 70 10 22 44
info@energinet.dk
www.energinet.dk
Danish Energy Association
Rosenørns Allé 9
DK-1970 Frederiksberg C
Tel.: +45 35 300 400
de@danskenergi.dk
www.danskenergi.dk
www.elforsk.dk
EUDP Secretariat
Amaliegade 44
DK-1256 København K
Tel.: +45 33 92 67 00
ens@ens.dk
www.ens.dk
The Danish National
Advanced Technology Foundation
Holbergsgade 14, 3.
DK-1057 København K
Tel.: +45 33 63 72 80
info@hoejteknologifonden.dk
www.hoejteknologifonden.dk
DEMONSTRATION
energy 2010 Annual report on Danish energy research programmes, published in cooperation
between Energinet.dk, the Danish Energy Agency/the EDDP secretariat, the
Danish Energy Association, the Programme Commission on Energy and Environment under the Danish Council for Strategic Research and the Danish National
Advanced Technology Foundation, July 2010
Editors: Jesper Bergholdt Sørensen (Energinet.dk), Hanne Thomassen (Danish Energy Agency/the EDDP secretariat), Jørn Borup Jensen
(Danish Energy Association), Klaus Rosenfeldt Jakobsen (Danish Agency for Science, Technology and Innovation), Thomas Bjerre (Danish
National Advanced Technology Foundation) and Steen Hartvig Jacobsen, journalist. Editorial deadline on 10 July 2010
541
ING
KN
NOR
DI
MILJØMÆR
SK
Tryksag
006
ISSN no.:
Printed version: 1903-9556
Digital version: 1902-8318
Translation: Ad Hoc Translatørservice A/S
Design & Layout: MONTAGEbureauet Aps
Print run: 725
Repro & printing: Scanprint A/S, certified under
environmental management standard ISO 14001
Cover photo credits: Torben Nielsen
This publication is available from the Danish Energy Authority’s web-based bookstore at http://ens.netboghandel.dk.
It can be downloaded from the Danish Energy Association’s research homepage at www.elforsk.dk, from
www.energinet.dk/da/menu/Forskning/ForskEL-programmet/Energiforskningsrapporter/Energi+2010.htm
and from the Danish Agency for Science, Technology and Innovation’s homepage at www.fi.dk/dsf.
Foreword
The past year has seen broad political support for the long-term desire to achieve a more sustainable energy
system that can decrease Denmark’s dependence on fossil fuels like oil, coal and natural gas. However, turning
this political consensus into practical action towards achieving the goal may prove a major challenge. In this
annual report, we have referred to some of the energy policy visions suggesting how Denmark can attain a
more sustainable energy system. These visions forging the way to 2050 all consider more renewable energy
and more efficient energy use to constitute key elements.
The visions also point out that a stronger focus on research, development and demonstration of environmentfriendly energy technologies will aid in making efforts towards a fossil fuel-free Denmark with sharply reduced
CO2 emissions much more cost-effective. In an energy technology development chain, however, it takes time
– a long time – to transform bright ideas into competitive products on the commercial market.
Consequently, the technologies expected to make the greatest contribution to meeting the Danish 2020 commitments regarding CO2 emission reduction, more renewable energy and improved energy efficiency result
from research in many cases started in the 1980s and 1990s. So, although 2050 seems light years away, the
first steps in developing the new technologies needed to underpin the desired development must be taken in
the foreseeable future.
The strategic research programmes behind this joint annual report provide a well-functioning framework for
developing such environment-friendly energy technologies. Each programme has core competences in the
stage or phase of the energy technology development chain on which it focuses. The ongoing coordination and
cooperation involved in developing common technology strategies under the programmes create favourable
conditions for the players involved to develop within the given societal framework.
This annual report provides an overview of the energy funding granted under the programmes in the 2009
calendar year and of the results achieved in the individual technological focus areas.
energy · RESEARCH · DEVELOPMENT · DEMONSTRATION · 2010
1
Contents
Energy 2010.........................................................................................................................
3
Public funding for strategic energy research will top the one billion mark in 2010 ....................
4
Focus on improved cohesion and tomorrow’s intelligent energy systems . ..................................
8
RE electrification for a low-carbon Denmark in 2050 .......................................................................
12
Danish energy research needs to be one step ahead of foreign rivals ............................................
15
EU SET plan to promote new cost-effective energy technologies ....................................................
18
Energy technology research programmes
. ....................................
22
Strategic programmes with optimum cohesion in the energy technology development chain .....
22
Danish Council for Strategic Research: Strategic research in tomorrow’s energy systems ...........
28
Energinet.dk: Energinet.dk’s R&D funding to foster the world’s best
energy system based on renewable energy ...................................................................................
31
ELFORSK: Elforsk programme – breeding ground for energy technology entrepreneurs ..............
36
EDDP: Newly-developed energy technologies still need help to enter the market .....................
40
Danish National Advanced Technology Foundation:
Danish energy research on an international scale ..........................................................................
44
Public energy research funding 2001-2010 .....................................................................................
47
Project funding for focus areas 2001-2010 by research programme .............................................
48
Technological action area projects
.........................................................
50
Biomass projects ...............................................................................................................................
50
Biofuel projects .................................................................................................................................
64
Hydrogen and fuel cell projects .......................................................................................................
72
Wave power projects ........................................................................................................................
83
Efficient energy use projects ............................................................................................................
87
Energy system projects .....................................................................................................................
112
Fossil fuel projects . ...........................................................................................................................
121
Solar energy projects ........................................................................................................................
124
Wind power projects .........................................................................................................................
135
Other projects ....................................................................................................................................
146
Useful websites on energy technology ...........................................................................................
148
Photo: Torben Nielsen
2
energy · RESEARCH · DEVELOPMENT · DEMONSTRATION · 2010
energy 10
research · developm ent ·
DE MONSTRATION
energy · RESEARCH · DEVELOPMENT · DEMONSTRATION · 2010
3
Energy research funding
Public funding for strategic energy research
will top the one billion mark in 2010
together with the Danish People’s Party, acknowledged its intention
Energy research programmes (2009) in
the energy technology development chain
to strengthen research, development and demonstration activities
Figure 1.1 shows where the individual energy research programmes oper-
in the energy area and to this end bring public funding for these
ate in the energy technology development chain. The stronger the colour,
activities up to DKK 1 billion from 2010 through funds from, e.g.,
the more strongly the programme focuses on this phase of the develop-
the globalisation reserve. In the November 2008 agreement on
ment chain. The thickness of the programme arrows reflects the individual
allocation of these funds, DKK 412 million were earmarked for EDDP
programme funds for project support in 2009. The programme committee
and DKK 308 million for the Danish Council for Strategic Research’s
of the Danish Council for Strategic Research allocated its funds in December
energy projects for 2010.
2009. Energinet.dk and Elforsk have almost simultaneously granted project
In the February 2008 energy policy agreement, the Government,
funding from their 2010 framework, while EDDP distributed its 2009 funds
Coupled with the funds from the PSO programmes at Energinet.dk
in June and December, respectively. The Danish National Advanced Techno­
and the Danish Energy Association, total public funding for strate-
logy Foundation also had two application rounds in 2009.
gic energy research and development will reach DKK 900 million
The funding shown under the broken line comprises around 8% of the funds
in 2010. The 2010 Appropriation Act has boosted the allocation
from the Energy special programme under the 7th framework programme
framework of the Danish National Advanced Technology Founda-
allocated to Danish players under the two distribution rounds of 2009 pro-
tion to DKK 520 million, and if energy-related projects and plat-
gramme funds. The Danish Council for Independent Research has granted
forms continue to account for about one quarter of funding, total
DKK 12 million in mobility scholarships to energy researchers. The Danish
public funding for energy technology will exceed DKK 1 billion in
Enterprise and Construction Authority’s programme for user-driven innova-
2010. To this should be added DKK 60 million from Green Labs DK,
tion, which allocated DKK 15 million to business-oriented projects, has since
funding from Fornyelsesfonden (the renewal fund) and EU funding
been closed down, and Fornyelsesfonden (the renewal fund) has taken
for Danish players under the Energy and Intelligent Energy Europe
over the programme.
Figure 1.1
programmes.
As it appears from figure 2.10 on page 47, public funding for stra-
Energy research programmes (2010) in
the energy technology development chain
tegic energy research and technological development has risen
Similarly, figure 1.2 shows the funds available to the energy programmes in
sharply since 2003. Figures 1.1 and 1.2 illustrate where the strategic
the 2010 calendar year. The allocation of globalisation funds has particularly
energy research programmes are located in the energy technology
benefited the Danish Council for Strategic Research and EDDP. The arrow of
development chain and how much of this funding they have at
the Danish National Advanced Technology Foundation is dimensioned on
their disposal in 2009 and 2010, respectively. The figures also show
the assumption that energy projects will continue to attract around a fourth
strong growth in funding in 2010. In addition to funding allocated
of the Advanced Technology Foundation’s funds. However, these funds will
from these energy programmes, Danish businesses and research
be allocated during 2010. The same applies to the EU Energy Programme,
institutions have access to public funding from a number of other
under which approx. EUR 215 million (approx. DKK 1.6 billion) can be
sources. Some of these sources are indicated below the broken line
allocated from the 2010 work programme. Here the arrow is dimensioned
in the figures.
on the assumption that Danish players will continue to obtain more than
Strong position in EU energy programmes
8% of the funding.
The EU energy programmes FP7-Energy and Intelligent Energy
Figure 1.2 includes two new Danish schemes: Green Labs DK, which with
Europe from the CIP framework programme are two key funding
funds allocated under the autumn 2009 globalisation agreement can invest
sources. Since FP7 was launched in 2007, Danish applicants have
in test and laboratory facilities where new climate technologies can be test­
had great success obtaining funding, and during the past funding
ed under realistic conditions on a large scale. Green Labs DK, administered
rounds, the Danish share of the Energy programme has exceeded
by the Danish Energy Agency, has more than DKK 60 million at its disposal
8%, corresponding to approx. DKK 120 million in 2009. In compar­
in 2010, an amount that will increase to DKK 80 million in 2012. The other
ison, Denmark’s contribution to the EU budget is just under 2%. Fur-
scheme, Fornyelsesfonden, has DKK 760 million at its disposal for the period
thermore, around 80 projects under the Intelligent Energy Europe
2010-2012. An independent board must allocate the funds with secretariat
programme currently include Danish participants.
assistance from the Danish Enterprise and Construction Authority on the
basis of yearly updated action plans. The comments to the act specify that
40-50% of the funds will be allocated for energy and climate purposes.
4
Continued on page 6
energy · RESEARCH · DEVELOPMENT · DEMONSTRATION · 2010
Figure 1.2
Figure 1.1:
Energy research programmes (2009) in
the energy technology development chain
Applied research
Basic research
Development
Demonstration
Market intro
DSCR
ForskEL
ForskVE
Elforsk
EDDP
Danish National Advanced
Technology Foundation
EU: FP7-Energy
The Danish Council for
Independent Research – T&P
The Danish Council for
Technology and Innovation
The Danish Enterprise and Construction
Authority – User-driven Innovation
Figure 1.2:
Energy research programmes (2010) in
the energy technology development chain
Applied research
Basic research
Development
Demonstration
Market intro
DSCR
ForskEL
ForskVE
Elforsk
EDDP
Danish National Advanced
Technology Foundation
EU: FP7-Energy
Green Lab
Fornyelsesfonden
energy · RESEARCH · DEVELOPMENT · DEMONSTRATION · 2010
5
Energy research funding
Two new green schemes
Energy Agency, has DKK 60 million at its disposal, while the newly
In 2009, the Danish Council for Technology and Innovation provided
established Fornyelsesfonden (the renewal fund) under the Danish
around DKK 10 million in funding for an energy-innovation consor-
Enterprise and Construction Authority can allocate some DKK 125
tium, and the Danish Enterprise and Construction Authority grant-
million for energy projects in 2010.
ed DKK 15 million for energy projects for user-driven innovation.
With the November 2009 agreement on allocation of globalisation
On publication of Energy 2010, no political decision had been made
funds, two new schemes have been established in 2010 to ease
regarding how to finance the Government’s objective of allocating
the way for newly developed energy technologies to a commer-
DKK 1 billion for strategic energy research and demonstration in the
cial market: In 2010, Green Labs DK, administered by the Danish
coming years.
Table 1.1:
Energinet.dk
ForskEL
Energinet.dk
ForskVE
2009
64.7
2010
0.0
2010
63.7
2010
26.0
2009
126.8
2009
30.1
Total biomass
11.6
0.0
46.8
11.0
21.8
0.0
Biofuel
97.6
Wind power
30.9
(Grant year)
Renewable energy
Solar energy
9.7
91.2
125.6
70.0
7.2
22.2
311.3
28.0
Wave power
0.0
2.0
19.6
13.0
0.0
Geothermal energy
Total (DKKm)
Danish Energy
Association
Elforsk
Danish National
Advanced
Technology
Foundation
EDDP
DCSR
Programme
Commission
on Sustainable
Energy and
Environment
Energy research funding 2009
130.7
20.1
28.8
10.0
45.2
1.8
15.0
115.0
15.4
15.4
Fuel cells and hydrogen
65.5
0.0
32.7
0.0
Energy efficiency
24.0
25.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
19.0
68.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
20.0
0.0
20.0
Fossil fuels
Energy systems
Other, Data, Reserve
International cooperation (NER, IEA)
32.6
20.7
11.0
1.1
3.5
4.6
12.0
10.0
22.0
Total
297.5
25.0
130.6
26.0
159.6
Funding limit
301.0
25.0
130.0
25.0
168.0
64.3
64.1
605.2
Public funding and consumer-financed funding for energy research and development in 2009 – by focus area (DKK million). The figures are provisional and in some cases estimated.
This table comprises funding from publicly funded and consumer-financed
Figure 1.3 Distribution of project funding
energy research programmes in the 2009 calendar year, including highly
in technolo­gical key action areas
energy-related projects under the Danish National Advanced Technology
Foundation. The overview thus comprises the following allocations:
4%
●●
●●
Danish Council for Strategic Research’s energy
15 %
Other
21 %
Wind energy
projects funded in 2009
Solar energy
Energinet.dk’s funding grants under ForskEL call 2010,
International cooperation
ForskNG call 2010 and ForskVE call 2010
●●
Danish Energy Association’s Elforsk 2010 call
●●
EDDP’s last funding grants from the earmarked biofuel
funds and the allocations from the 2009 funds in June
and December, respectively.
●●
Danish National Advanced Technology Foundation’s
funding grants from May and December 2009
6
energy · RESEARCH · DEVELOPMENT · DEMONSTRATION · 2010
19 %
7%
Geothermal energy (Energy systems)
Efficient energy use
Energy systems
4%
5%
3%
11 %
11 %
Wave power
Hydrogen and fuel cells
Biomass
Energy technology focus areas
The six energy research programmes have made their projects available under different energy technology focus areas. To ensure that the overviews are clear and comparable, the editors have classified the focus areas under the following common headings:
Biomass: Projects for combustion and gasification of biomass, biogas and biomass resource management
Biofuels: Biomass projects primarily targeted at developing liquid biofuels for transport purposes
Hydrogen/fuel cells: Projects on fuel cell technologies and hydrogen as energy carrier
Wave power: Projects on wave power technology research and development
Efficient energy use: Projects on improved efficiency in buildings and end consumption in general
Energy systems: Projects on overall energy system optimisation and on environmental and health-related aspects
as well as geothermal energy
Fossil fuels: Projects on more efficient use of oil, coal and natural gas, including carbon capture and storage (CCS)
Social analyses: Analyses of and reports on the socio-economic and environmental aspects of energy technology
Solar energy: Projects on solar energy and PV cells, including integration in buildings
Wind energy: Projects on research and development of wind power technology
Other: Primarily registration and communication of energy research
The Danish Energy Association’s ELFORSK programme has divided its efficient energy use projects into the following focus areas:
Buildings: Low-energy buildings, including optimisation of interaction between electricity and heat consumption
Ventilation: Ventilation technology systems and components for industry, services and households
Lighting: Light management and lighting technology with emphasis on LED applications
Cooling: Cooling systems and components as well as heating pumps, including tools for energy-economic analyses
Power and control electronics: Control equipment, including measuring equipment
Industrial processes: Efficiency enhancement of industrial process energy consumption
Behaviour, barriers and means: Methods and reports regarding behaviour impact, energy labelling of appliances
and indication of energy consumption
List of abbreviations
Universities
Other research institutions
AU Aarhus University
CBS
Copenhagen Business School
AAU
Aalborg University
DHI
DHI Water & Environment
DTU
Technical University of Denmark
DJF
Faculty of Agricultural Sciences (AU)
KU
University of Copenhagen
LIFE
Faculty of Life Sciences (KU)
RUC
Roskilde University
DBRI-AAU Danish Building Research Institute (AAU)
SDU
University of Southern Denmark
Authorities etc.
DTU Centers
DFF
The Danish Council for Independent Research
CAMD
Center for Atomic-scale Materials Design (DTU Physics)
RTI
The Danish Council for Technology and Innovation
CET
Centre for Electric Technology
(DTU Electrical Engineering)
CHEC
Combustion and Harmful Emission Control
(DTU Chemical Engineering)
CERE
Center for Energy Resources Engineering
(DTU Chemical Engineering)
energy · RESEARCH · DEVELOPMENT · DEMONSTRATION · 2010
7
Demonstrating energy technologies on the road to 2020
Focus on improved cohesion and
tomorrow’s intelligent energy systems
To enable Denmark to realise its EU commitments for lift-
help to maintain the CO2 emission allowance price at a level that
ing the share of renewable energy to at least 30% in 2020, the
will not impair the competitiveness of other industrial sectors.
power system must be restructured and innovated to allow local production facilities and end-users to be more actively involved in the
Full-scale testing in Bornholm
ongoing balancing process. An intelligent power system is a must if
From early 2011, Bornholm is to be turned into a full-scale test centre
ever-increasing volumes of fluctuating electricity generated by wind
for Denmark’s future intelligent power system. Applying already
turbines are to be integrated under reasonable socio-economic con-
achieved Danish research results and bolstered by an experienced
ditions. Moreover, all indicators seem to show that near-commercial
international project group, Energinet.dk wants, with the aid of EU
technologies like wind turbines and biomass will play the key roles
funding, to demonstrate in practice that it is possible to operate
in realising Denmark’s renewable energy commitments.
a power system in which more than 50% stems from renewable
energy.
Coordinating electricity, district heating,
gas and transport systems
• For several reasons, Bornholm has been selected to host this
Concurrently with developing an intelligent power system, Den-
EcoGrid project for which funding has been applied: It’s a man-
mark needs to coordinate electricity, district heating, gas and trans-
ageable community of about 30,000 electricity consumers, the
port systems, in ways that cover society’s need for differing types of
local power system can be tested in island-operation mode by
energy services while markedly lower volumes of CO2 are emitted.
disconnecting the cable connection to Sweden, Bornholm al-
In addition to its renewable energy commitment, Denmark must
ready has a renewable energy share of 43%, and the entire
reduce its carbon footprint by at least 20% from housing, trans-
community strongly supports the vision of developing Bornholm
port and agriculture in the period 2005-2020. According to CEO Lars
into the “Bright Green Island”, explains Kim Behnke, Head of
Aagaard of the Danish Energy Association, these goals call for com-
Research and Environment at Energinet.dk.
mercially sustainable technologies that lower CO2 emissions from
electricity and district heating generation. At the same time, the
The European Commission has expressed great enthusiasm for the
energy system must be upgraded to enable electricity and district
EcoGrid vision, and once the full-scale demonstration is launched
heating to increasingly replace the consumption of oil and natural
in 2011 according to current plans, Bornholm will have reached
gas in housing, cars and the agricultural sector – in other words the
a renewable energy share above 50%. In the coming year, more
elements of Danish energy use not subject to the EU’s emissions
onshore wind turbines will be erected, and ForskVE has granted
trading scheme.
funding to operate 1 MWp PV cells. Aiming to integrate production of second-generation bioethanol and biogas, the EDDP-funded
The Danish Energy Industries Federation has centred its overall
BioGasol facility may also help to increase Bornholm’s renewable
development activities on the concept “Green Growth”, because
energy share further in the coming years. At the same time, Energi-
major business and export potentials can be reaped by being first
net.dk is striving to utilise the current scrapping scheme to replace
on the market with energy-technology solutions that can also help
worn-out local oil burners with energy-efficient heating pumps
Denmark achieve the climate-policy goal of lower global carbon
equipped with communication modules, thus enabling them to be-
emissions within a short period of time. Such solutions will also
come active elements for power system regulation.
improve security of supply by decreasing industrialised countries’
dependency on importing oil and gas from politically unstable
countries and regions.
• The Danish strategy for power system development rests on
three pillars: Ancillary services from large power stations must
gradually be replaced by other suppliers, as several power sta-
8
Referring to recent research results from the prestigious Harvard
tions are scheduled for phase-out in step with the expansion
University, sector director Anders Stouge proposes that Denmark
of renewable energy facilities. The transmission grid must be
should focus on combining international CO2 emissions trading
expanded with better international connections that will op-
schemes with publicly subsidised activities in energy-technology
timise market service, balance the fluctuating electricity gen-
research, development and demonstration. Simulations show that
eration and increase domestic capacity to transmit electricity
if we are to achieve current climate and supply goals solely by
from offshore wind farms to urban consumers. Finally, the local
means of emissions trading schemes, current trading prices must
distribution networks must be updated to Smart Grids that will
be multiplied by 15. However, combining the emissions trading
use advanced communication networks to help to balance the
scheme with increased public R&D activities will boost societal
power system by constantly regulating generation and con-
growth, and emerging, more competitive energy technologies will
sumption as required.
energy · RESEARCH · DEVELOPMENT · DEMONSTRATION · 2010
The flexible power system we’ll be testing in Bornholm will pave
the way for socio-economically beneficial solutions and lower en-
Inbicon’s demonstration plant is not only to produce bioethanol from
vironmental impact while also activating technological potentials.
straw but also to test other biomass waste, and Inbicon is prepared
to make the process plant available for new tests with biomass
A robust power system can maintain high security of supply and
waste utilisation. Thus, the demonstration plant plays a specific role
a well-functioning market place, even when electricity generation
in developing a proper biorefinery.
Photo: Torben Nielsen
is expanded with more wind power, PV cells, wave power and/or
and enzyme application, just as we’re becoming better at utilis-
micro CHP, explains Kim Behnke.
ing environmentally unfriendly waste products, states Nicolai
Zarganis.
Advanced biotechnological interaction
The Danish Energy Association and the EDDP are both aware of the
The Danish Energy Association also sees major technological chal-
need to optimise the use of available biomass resources. Head
lenges in agricultural climate impact:
of secretariat at the EDDP Nicolai Zarganis points out that, as part
of several current projects under the Danish Council for Strategic
• Currently, agricultural greenhouse gas emissions constitute a
Research, biorefineries constitute a promising focus area that may
substantial climate-policy task, but if we create the optimum
later become eligible for EDDP funding for demonstration.
framework and develop efficient technologies, the agricultural
sector may become a major supplier of climate-friendly solu-
Inbicon’s second-generation bioethanol facility in Kalundborg re-
tions – even within a relatively few years on the road to 2020.
ceives project funding from the EDDP and plays a key role in devel-
By 2020 we should have developed and demonstrated techno-
oping a proper biorefinery:
logical solutions that’ll enable environmental and energy concerns to merge with a desire for rational agricultural production
• The aim is to establish a technology that will enable us to ex-
by ensuring advanced biotechnological interaction. In particular,
ploit all components of the various biomass types and turn them
we need to prioritise technologies for waste treatment, biomass
into value-creating products like energy, animal feed, fertiliser
gasification and more efficient biogas processes, says Lars Aa-
and raw materials for the chemical industry. A promising devel-
gaard. He refers to the successful development of an environ-
opment is being rolled out in the area of processing methods
mentally sustainable piggery in Galten, the ForskEL programme
energy · RESEARCH · DEVELOPMENT · DEMONSTRATION · 2010
9
Demonstrating energy technologies on the road to 2020
REnescience project at the Amagerforbrænding and the EDDP
maintenance systems. Such optimisation activities are obvious
demonstration projects for second-generation bioethanol.
focus areas for publicly supported energy programmes because
they can make renewable energy more cost-effective for soci-
Improved cohesion through increased electricity use
ety, adds Nicolai Zarganis.
According to the Danish Energy Association, such development presupposes a more panoptic approach to system development that
The EDDP also sees a potential in heating pumps with intelligent
allows electricity from renewable energy to integrate optimally
control technology that will give individual building heating a
with transport, building heating and agricultural operation in a
greater role in balancing the power system. The current scrapping
strategy that also takes into account the heavy investments already
scheme aims to replace environmentally unfriendly oil burners with
made in district heating and gas transmission systems. Denmark
electric heating pumps, and such a conversion wave could increase
also requires more efficient solutions in energy conversion, elec-
the societal value of electricity from wind energy.
tricity storage and communication technology.
The Danish Energy Association also recommends that higher priority
To improve cohesion between the various elements of the energy
be given to development and demonstration projects focusing on
sector, Denmark also faces a research task. In Lars Aagaard’s view,
the demand side.
the electricity sector can serve as the necessary binder.
• We must be able to use energy more efficiently and flexibly.
The Danish Energy Association also believes that CO2-handling tech-
This goal can’t be achieved by IT and communication equipment
nologies – called CCS (Carbon Capture and Storage) – should become
alone. We need to know more about the motivation and in-
a focus area for developing and demonstrating energy technology
centives controlling consumers’ habits and decisions. We must
in the next ten years:
realise that for most consumers energy bills account for such a
limited share of their total expenses that flexibility and greater
• As mentioned, the difficulties associated with limiting CO2
efficiency must, to the extent possible, be built into domes-
emissions from housing, cars and agriculture are so great that
tic equipment and appliances. But how do we persuade con-
technology capable of retrieving CO2 from the atmosphere will
sumers to make the optimum energy choices when they buy?
probably be required in the long term. In our vision Power to
And how much should market prices differ before sufficiently
the People we mention that CCS technology at wholly or partly
large numbers of consumers will accept having their use of
biomass-fired CHP plants will contribute to making CO2 emis-
various appliances controlled to fit overall power system re-
sions negative. Danish research centres like the CHEC at DTU
quirements? In this field, we’ll no doubt have to supplement
Chemical Engineering have amassed unique competence in
engineering and financial competences with expertise from
biomass incineration processes. We therefore recommend that
sociologists and anthropologists, states Lars Aagaard.
Denmark focus on attracting one of the European Commission’s
12 planned CCS demonstration facilities to Denmark, and in that
International standards
context utilising Danish biomass competences seems like an ob-
In the view of the Danish Energy Industries Federation, the con-
vious idea, explains Lars Aagaard.
tinued Danish success in exporting energy technology depends on
demonstration of efficient Smart Grids. Intelligent integration of re-
Flexibility will increase value of wind energy
newable energy generation facilities is necessary if large amounts
In 2009, the EDDP granted project funding for several wind-energy
of renewable energy are to be integrated into the energy system.
projects, while the Danish Council for Strategic Research funded two
major wind energy research centres in materials for wind-turbine
• Developing an intelligent power system is a key to ensuring
blades and aerodynamics, respectively. This prioritising proves that
that fluctuating electricity volumes, from wind turbines in par-
offshore wind energy, in particular, still has much to offer in terms
ticular, can be generated at acceptable socio-economic costs.
of technological optimisation potential.
For this reason, development and demonstration of Smart Grids
are top-priority tasks for the Danish energy sector. Countries all
10
• Offshore wind farms are key to the vision of a fossil-fuel free
over the world share a political desire for more renewable en-
society. A great need therefore exists to develop more durable
ergy. The other EU Member States will to some extent have to
foundations, to increase wind turbine life with more resistant
copy the Danish model to meet their renewable energy com-
blades and nacelles, to develop cheaper cables for transport-
mitments, and the US government’s energy-policy vision actu-
ing electricity to the shore and to organise more cost-effective
ally sets the goal of reaching our current level. These facts hold
energy · RESEARCH · DEVELOPMENT · DEMONSTRATION · 2010
Photo: Torben Nielsen
much promise for us if we continue our work. In the technology
Long-term expansion of wind energy in Northern Europe is mainly
and systems areas offering major export potentials, we’ll then
expected to take place at sea with large offshore wind farms,
be able to reap the benefits of being the first mover, explains
which have completely different durability and maintenance re-
Anders Stouge.
quirements. A great potential for optimisation has been identified
and will be met through two major strategic research centres
To promote its corporate interests, Denmark must rapidly demon-
funded by the Danish Council for Strategic Research. Basic research
strate that new renewable-energy technologies and systems solu-
will be done to develop an aerodynamically optimum design for
tions can operate efficiently. Concrete Danish results may impact
both wind turbine blades and entire offshore wind farms, and fu-
substantially on the design of international standards, and the
ture wind turbine blades must be more durable and equipped with
Danish Energy Industries Federation recommends that Denmark
sensors able to identify critical blade defects at an early stage. The
give high priority to strategic activities in that fields. Often, the
photo is from Denmark’s most recent offshore wind turbine project
actual wording of standards is decisive for producers’ possibilities of
– Sund & Bælt’s seven wind turbines on Sprogø.
winning global market shares.
• We’re certainly aware of the great perspectives inherent in
developing environmentally friendly and cost-effective supply
transport needs in mega cities, we pave the way for a gigantic
solutions for the growing numbers of mega cities. Denmark’s
market for the Danish corporate sector. To this end, it’d be ideal
tradition for combining electricity generation with community
already now to prepare a strategy for upgrading the Smart Grid
supply of heating and/or cooling is an obvious solution, and
demonstration project in Bornholm to suit a major urban com-
if we supplement the solution with intelligent solutions for
munity before 2020, adds Anders Stouge.
energy · RESEARCH · DEVELOPMENT · DEMONSTRATION · 2010
11
2050 visions
RE electrification for
a low-carbon Denmark in 2050
By converting fossil fuel consumption in Danish CHP generation and
also mark the first step on the road to an energy system that to-
massively extending renewable energy in the form of wind turbines,
wards 2050 can provide the framework for converting the energy
solar energy and wave power facilities in combination with a gradual
supply in an environment-friendly manner.
electrification of individual house heating and transport work, Denmark
will take significant steps to reduce its CO2 emissions to between 0
80% RE and 100% carbon-neutral
and 10% and thus become virtually independent of fossil fuels in 2050.
The Danish Energy Association’s vision includes a scenario for Denmark’s energy consumption and supply in 2025 and 2050. Mas-
Two visions for 2050
sive energy savings must be combined with electric cars, heating
With its vision Power to the People, the Danish Energy Association has
pumps, industrial use of electricity, use of biogas from agriculture
shown the way to a Denmark of tomorrow without CO2 emissions, and
and CO2 storage in order to reduce Danish CO2 emissions from 64
the Society of Danish Engineers’ Climate Plan 2050 devises a strategy
million tonnes in 2005 to 40 million tonnes in 2025, and to zero
for fully basing Danish energy consumption on renewable energy and
tonnes in 2050. In 2025, approx. 15 million tonnes will come from
thus achieving complete independence from coal, oil and natural gas.
emission trading scheme energy facilities and industrial companies,
whereas in 2050, some 8 million tonnes of CO2 need to be removed
Both visions require that Danish energy consumption is reduced sig-
from biomass-fired CHP plants to compensate for emissions from
nificantly and that district heating cover 55-70% of heating require-
agricultural production, ferries and air transport.
ments. The most pronounced difference between the two visions is that
Power to the People intends to continue using coal and natural gas to
According to the Danish Energy Association, the vision entails im-
cover up to 15% of CHP production and to offset this use with carbon
proving Danish energy supply security, because only one fifth of
capture and storage (CCS). In contrast, the Society of Danish Engineers’
the Danish energy supply will be based on oil and coal, which at
Climate Plan 2050 intends to eliminate the use of coal, oil and natu-
that time will probably have to be imported. 5% of consumption
ral gas without introducing CCS technologies in Denmark. The Danish
(for airplanes and ferries only) must be based on oil and 2% on
Energy Association expects a carbon-neutral society, whereas the Socie-
natural gas, whereas 13% must be covered by coal, provided that
ty of Danish Engineers’ Climate Plan meets the UN’s long-term goal of re-
the global reserves are adequate and spread on several countries.
ducing CO2 emissions in the industrialised countries by 85-90% in 2050.
Power to the People requires that energy consumption be reduced by
The Government’s Climate Commission will publish its report on 28
0.8% annually until 2050. The plan comprises both direct energy sav-
September 2010, providing specific recommendations for how to
ings in industrial processes and buildings and more efficient energy
make Denmark free of fossil fuels. Energinet.dk’s System Plan 2009
use by converting inefficient combustion engines into electric cars and
identifies the initiatives that towards 2020 may pave the way for a
inefficient oil and gas boilers into heating pumps. The Danish Energy
paradigm shift in the Danish energy system that will integrate large
Association‘s vision relies on energy consumption becoming more flex-
volumes of renewable energy effectively. Such a development will
ible to allow higher volumes of fluctuating electricity generation from
wind turbines, PV cells and wave power facilities to be integrated.
In the medium term, the Danish Energy Association recommends
Figure: 1.4 Gross energy consumption by energy sources
electricity. Electric cars, heating pumps and electricity used in in-
PJ
900
Oil
dustry can replace 87 PJ oil and natural gas by 8.2 TWh electricity
in 2025, and by 2050 annual electricity generation is expected to
800
Coal
700
Natural gas
reach 78 TWh. About half will stem from wind turbines, while solar
600
Biomass
energy, wave power, biogas, biomass and waste will account for 28
500
New biomass
TWh. Coal and natural gas will account for the remaining 10 TWh.
400
Wave power
300
Solar power
CO2 capture compensates for emissions from agriculture
200
Wind power
The Danish Energy Association estimates that two million electric
100
0
cars and a fully electrified rail network will cover the majority of
2007
2025
2050
In Power to the People, fossil fuels will be reduced and
replaced by renewable energy
12
converting the majority of oil and natural gas consumption into
energy · RESEARCH · DEVELOPMENT · DEMONSTRATION · 2010
transport, while natural gas, biodiesel and bioethanol will cover the
rest. Renewable energy must account for 40% in 2025 and 80% in
2050 against 17% in 2009.
According to Power to the People, there remains room for Danish
About 20 years of fuel cell research and development, e.g. at Risø
agricultural production in 2050, which has an expected CO2 emis-
DTU (photo to the left) and at IRD Fuel Cells (photo to the right),
sion from livestock production in the form of methane, dinitrogen
has resulted in a three-phase development and demonstration
oxide, etc. The fact that converting fuel for airplanes and ferries into
project for micro CHP, currently underway. This is one reason why
renewable energy can prove difficult has also been taken into ac-
the Society of Danish Engineers has decided to focus solely on
count. Consequently, CO2 emissions in 2050 are estimated to reach
small-scale CHP in its Climate Plan 2050.
Photos: Torben Nielsen
8 million tonnes. To pave the way for a carbon-neutral society, the
basing the entire energy supply on renewable energy. The climate
Danish Energy Association envisions the installation of CO2 capture
plan requires that gross energy consumption is about halved – from
in CHP facilities using coal and/or biomass to remove the 8 tonnes
864 PJ in 2008 to 442 PJ in 2050. This will be realised by introducing
of CO2 each year.
all energy-saving measures in the business sector with a simple
repayment time of up to 7.5 years. A central energy-savings fund
The Danish Energy Association has applied the Balmorel simula-
must make the necessary investments attractive through advisory
tion model to calculate the social consequences of the proposed
services and construction funding.
2025 restructuring. This simulation shows that some DKK 14 billion
can be saved in fuel expenses, while the costs of electricity gen-
The total housing stock is made carbon-neutral by combining en-
eration will increase by around DKK 4 billion due to the higher RE
ergy savings, integration of renewable energy and expansion of
share. In net figures, this will create a socio-economic surplus of ap-
district heating. From 2020, all new buildings must be zero-energy
prox. DKK 10 billion in 2025 for covering the private deficit and fin-
houses through the use of the Bolig+ standard. Already now and
ancing investments of approx. DKK 70 billion. The Balmorel calcula-
until 2020, most existing buildings must be updated to the current
tion does not include expenses for electric car infrastructure and tax
requirements set out in building regulations for new buildings.
distortion losses. As a general precondition, the calculation includes
an average economic growth of 1.2% per year.
The Society of Danish Engineers proposes that 130 PJ come from
electricity-generating renewable energy facilities in the form of wind
A 100% RE society
turbines, solar energy, wave power and biomass plants, while CPH fa-
The overall goal of the Society of Danish Engineers’ Climate Plan
cilities using biomass and waste will provide 285 PJ in 2050. The rest of
2050 is to make Denmark entirely independent of fossil fuels by
the 442 PJ must come from solar heating systems and other RE sources.
energy · RESEARCH · DEVELOPMENT · DEMONSTRATION · 2010
13
2050 visions
An expansion of the district heating systems to cover up to 70% of
Energy consumption for heating buildings accounts for about 40%
heating requirements and a general conversion to low-temperature
of Denmark’s energy consumption. At EnergyFlexHouse (photo to the
operations must pave the way for exploiting large solar heating
left), a number of methods and technologies aimed at neutralising
systems, fuel cell-based CHP facilities and large heating pumps for
building stock CO2 are tested. CO2 emissions from transport can be
heat production from fluctuating electricity generation. Heating
reduced by prioritising electric cars and hydrogen cars that base their
pumps and wood-pellet furnaces must cover the remaining heat-
transport services on electricity generated by wind turbines.
Photos: Torben Nielsen
ing requirements. The Society of Danish Engineers does not expect
Implementing the Society’s Climate Plan 2050 requires a massive
any major central CHP facilities to form part of the Danish energy
transfer of expenses from fuel purchases to investments in climate-
system in 2050. The climate plan therefore does not plan on intro-
related technologies. From now and until 2030 alone, Danish engi-
ducing CCS technologies in Denmark.
neers expects that DKK 350 billion will need to be invested to create
tens of thousands of new workplaces. The climate plan will also
Many new workplaces
safeguard Danish consumers against the consequences of the ex-
The Society of Danish Engineers finds the transport sector to pose
pected price rises in oil, natural gas and coal. The Society of Danish
the biggest challenge. The conversion to renewable energy has to
Engineers expect that the conversion proposed will create annual
occur through a comprehensive conversion to electric cars and hy-
socio-economic savings of DKK 9 billion from 2015, an amount that
drogen cars and the use of biobased fuels for passenger transport.
will increase to DKK 25 billion in 2050. However, the society em-
Moreover, the climate plan recommends electrifying and extending
phasises that these calculations are subject to major uncertainties.
the railway network so that it can take over most of the goods
transport and replace domestic air traffic.
In addition to these savings, the Society expects that a quick conversion of the Danish energy system may give the Danish energy
Another challenge is agriculture. The Society of Danish Engineers
industry a frontrunner or first mover advantage, which in the long
wants to reduce the emission of greenhouse gasses by 9.5 million
run may increase Danish exports of energy technology from approx.
tonnes CO2 equivalents by optimising production, changing food
DKK 60 billion to DKK 200 billion annually. If realised, this business
habits and cutting food waste in households by 50%. At the same
potential may create up to 200,000 new jobs towards 2030.
time, agriculture will be integrated into the energy system as a
large-scale supplier of biomass.
14
energy · RESEARCH · DEVELOPMENT · DEMONSTRATION · 2010
2050 research
Danish energy research needs to be
one step ahead of foreign rivals
Realising the long-term vision of a low-carbon Denmark that is independent of imports from politically unstable regions and which
has created tens of thousands of new jobs in climate-friendly
technologies requires massive investments in energy technology
research, development and demonstration. Denmark does not have
the resources needed to be an international leader in all energy
technologies, but it must remain a step ahead of its rivals in areas
essential to realising its long-term visions.
This applies to both research and the related education of researchers, the ability to translate new research results into innovative products with a global marketing potential as well as the
framework for practical implementation in the form of intelligent
system solutions. If investments aimed at such long-term goals are
not made in time, it will not be possible to translate the visions into
new jobs to the extent needed by Danish society.
Poul Erik Morthorst, Senior Researcher, Systems Analysis Division
at Risø DTU, has been closely monitoring developments in Danish
energy research for many years, most recently as a member of the
Supervisory Board of Energinet.dk, which is responsible for programmes like ForskEL and ForskVE, and as newly-appointed chairman of the Danish Council for Strategic Research’s Programme Commission on Sustainable Energy and Environment. He fully endorses
the desire to phase out both coal and oil:
Photo: Torben Nielsen
• Both sources of energy are extremely problematic in a long-
extra costs, not least offshore, which many politicians prefer be-
term perspective. The resources are limited and using them in-
cause offshore wind turbines do not pose the same location prob-
creases the greenhouse effect. Oil creates environmental prob-
lems as large-scale onshore wind turbines.
lems in the form of CO2, and global demand is also likely to
make oil more problematic to security of energy supply. True,
Against this backdrop, the Programme Commission on Sustainable
coal will be a relatively sufficient resource for several decades to
Energy and Environment gave top priority to wind power when
come, but CO2 emissions are so big that the use of coal should
allocating Danish Council for Strategic Research 2009 means. An
be ended as soon as practicable, he says.
amount of DKK 70 million was allocated to two research centres
at DTU Mechanical Engineering and the Materials Research Divi-
He highlights wind power as the key technology for developing Den-
sion at Risø DTU, respectively, which work closely together with
mark into a society that does not need to use coal, oil and natural gas.
innovative enterprises in the wind turbine industry so that specific
results can soon be translated into more productive wind turbines.
• The task facing Danish society is not solely to develop a low-
A total research investment of about DKK 135 million over the
carbon society able to do without fossil fuels. We also need to
next five or six years, in conjunction with projects from the Danish
make it economically optimum. An economically rational en-
National Advanced Technology Foundation, has paved the way for
ergy system with a sound balance between generation and
enhancing Danish core competences in aerodynamics and blade
consumption in dynamic interaction with regional energy mar-
materials. Such competences are regarded as a key to optimising
kets outside Denmark will limit the costs of the development
the productivity of future wind turbines and their interaction with
required to secure supply and meet climate challenges, says
the power system. The results of these research communities are
Poul Erik Morthorst.
intended to make electricity from offshore wind farms competitive in relation to environment-unfriendly conventional electricity
Wind turbines are currently among the most cost-effective renew-
generation based on coal and natural gas.
able energy technologies. But extending wind power still involves
energy · RESEARCH · DEVELOPMENT · DEMONSTRATION · 2010
15
2050 research
Need for energy storage
into the power system in the long term, we’ll also need stor-
Cost-effective implementation of the long-term visions do not only
age means other than electric cars and accumulation tanks at
require individual production technologies such as wind turbines,
heating plants. Developing technologies for converting electric-
PV cells, biogas, wave power, etc., to be able to generate electricity
ity into hydrogen and for direct electricity storage will make
at more cost-effective prices. The majority of electricity-generating
maintaining ongoing power system balancing easier, he says.
facilities with renewable energy sources generate varying amounts
Developing the intelligent and flexible power system can also rely
on the very strong Danish competences in power electronics and
regulation gathered over many years at both Aalborg University
and the Technical University of Denmark.
Poul Erik Morthorst does not expect new large-scale thermal power
stations to be established in Denmark to any noticeable degree.
The lives of the existing CHP plants can be extended and the plants
can be converted to biomass – preferably in combination with CCS
facilities so CO2 emissions from this power station can be negative. This could become a particular Danish competence. Small-scale
CHP generation in private homes will increasingly contribute to balancing generation by RE facilities, and it makes good sense to focus
strongly on developing less expensive fuel cells with longer lives
for this purpose. Biogas can also become a valuable fuel in CHP
generation if optimising processes can increase the energy yield
from farm animal slurry.
Greater focus on energy-efficient renovation
Both researchers call for stronger prioritisation of means for efficient energy use. Forty per cent of Denmark’s energy consumption
Photo: Torben Nielsen
goes to heating and cooling buildings. Thanks to stricter building
regulation energy requirements and research in optimised struc-
of electricity, for which reason new electricity storage technologies
tures, heating requirements in new buildings have been reduced,
are needed and an intelligent and flexible power system has to be
and it is now possible to erect zero-energy buildings. However, it
developed in dynamic connection with the gas system, the district
will not be possible to realise the long-term visions of a massive
heating grids and the transport sector.
reduction in energy consumption without much stronger initiatives
aimed at existing buildings.
Frede Blaabjerg, Dean of the Faculties of Engineering, Science and
Medicine-AAU, points to storage technologies as an important fu-
• A need exists for actual energy-efficient renovation research,
ture research area. He has also been following energy research at
and politicians need to follow up by building a framework that
close quarters for many years and helps give priority to projects of
makes it attractive for building owners to apply new methods
great strategic importance as a member of the board of the Danish
and materials for reducing heating and cooling requirements in
National Advanced Technology Foundation and the Elforsk Advisory
buildings. The Elforsk programme aims, for instance, at devel-
Committee.
oping and testing thermo-active structures and more efficient
heating pumps. But we need much more, says Frede Blaabjerg.
• Such a large share of fluctuating electricity generation re-
16
quires a flexible power system. Much can be handled by mak-
Poul Erik Morthorst expects the large-scale research centre for car-
ing consumption more flexible, to which end future electric
bon-neutral buildings at Aalborg University, which, with the support
cars and heating pumps will mainly draw on the power sys-
of the Danish Council for Strategic Research, operates with a total
tem when wind power and solar energy are generating am-
budget of about DKK 50 million, to produce results over the coming
ple energy, and prices thus are low. However, in light of the
years that will be useful in existing buildings. The research results
large volumes of renewable energy politicians want to fit
produced by the centre will be regularly communicated to building
energy · RESEARCH · DEVELOPMENT · DEMONSTRATION · 2010
industry companies through the Danish Construction Association.
Internationally strong research committees, such as CHEC at DTU
Materials possessing completely new properties that can be used
Chemistry, act as magnets for technology talents from all over the
for energy-efficient renovation will probably have to be developed.
world. According to Frede Blaabjerg, it would be a tremendous
These can be phase-changing materials in which research is con-
advantage for both universities and the Danish energy industry if
ducted through both Elforsk and Danish National Advanced Tech­
they could maintain their strong position through more long-term
nology Foundation projects. Furthermore, Poul Erik Morthorst would
funding grants for strategic energy research.
Photos: Torben Nielsen
also like to see efficient electricity-based technologies for industry
decades, so it’s paramount that our strongest energy research
processes being developed.
communities can act as magnets for foreign technology talents.
Global magnet for technology talents
• Danish society gains a great deal when we succeed in attract-
Danish society should also invest more in Danish energy research
ing such talents to Denmark. They bring more than an extra
to make Danish energy research communities even stronger mag-
cultural dimension to our communities. If they decide to stay in
nets for technology talents throughout the world. Otherwise, the
Denmark after having completed their education, they become
Danish energy industry will have difficulty maintaining an interna-
a boon to Danish research and the Danish corporate sector, and
tional edge that allows Denmark to achieve the optimum business
if they choose to go back to their home countries as trained
yield from growing global demand for climate-friendly solutions.
researchers, they become outstanding ambassadors for Danish
technology solutions. So opening our research communities in
In his capacity as dean, Frede Blaabjerg has extensive positive ex-
that way is an effort offering good prospects, ends Frede Blaa-
perience with talented researchers from China, India and a large
bjerg.
number of developing countries:
• Their different cultural backgrounds facilitate the Danish research communities and companies we cooperate with on
technology development in finding solutions with global applications. It’ll probably be difficult to attract sufficiently many
Danish technology talents to scientific research in the coming
energy · RESEARCH · DEVELOPMENT · DEMONSTRATION · 2010
17
EU and international cooperation on energy research
EU SET plan to promote
new cost-effective energy technologies
New energy technologies that will ensure the EU’s planned transition
Development of Low-Carbon Technologies” from October 2009 sum-
to a low-carbon economy will require heavy resources to develop –
marises the detailed road maps from European industry initiatives.
both in terms of research and financially. Towards 2020 alone, investments of up to EUR 50 billion are needed to make the most promising
SmartGrids for more renewable energy
energy technologies sufficiently cost-effective. In return, this bold step
An Industrial Initiative “European Electricity Grid Initiative” (EEGI) has
will create several hundred thousand new advanced-technology work-
been established under the SmartGrid with participants from trans-
places in the EU.
mission companies (TSOs), distribution companies (DSOs), author­
ities and industry. The EEGI has prepared an R&D plan for the next
The Strategic Energy Technology Plan (SET Plan), which the Commis-
nine years to ensure cooperation and implementation of a large
sion had the EU ministers for energy adopt in February 2008, identi­
number of required activities. The EEIG plan builds on ENTSO-E’s
fies energy technologies assessed to contribute substantially to the
R&D plan “Eurogrid 2020” published in March 2010. Activities worth
Climate and Energy Package objective of 20% renewable energy
EUR 2 billion are planned, initially to be paid in part by the Member
in 2020, a 20% reduction in CO2 emissions and 20% higher energy
States and FP7, but in the long run, the activities are expected to be
efficiency by 2020 – viz. the 20-20-20 objectives. In June 2010, Den-
funded by TSOs and DSOs via tariffs. The activities must ensure that the
mark submitted a national action plan for renewable energy in Den-
European transmission grids can take op to 35% fluctuating electricity
mark to the Commission, showing how Denmark expects to meet its
generated from wind and solar energy in 2020. Denmark is particip­
30% objective for renewable energy.
ating in several large-scale projects, e.g. EcoGrid, which is using the
island of Bornholm as a test area.
As an extension of political support for the SET Plan, the Commission
and the companies set to implement the practical technology develop-
Wind energy is expected to provide the highest contribution to the
ment have identified any research, development and demonstration
20-20-20 objectives, with a share of EU total electricity consumption of
activities that can help these energy technologies compete against tra-
up to 20% in 2020 and increasing to 33% in 2030. This requires EUR 6
ditional and more environmentally friendly technologies. To this end,
billion to be invested in technology development, particularly offshore-
actual technology development funds are to be granted in addition to
related activities, during the next ten years. Several test facilities need
the subsidies, feed-in tariffs, etc., currently offered to RE facilities in
to be established for new MW wind turbines and key components,
most EU countries. The Commission’s Communication “Investing in the
new giant turbines with a capacity of 10-20 MW must be demon-
Figure 1.5: Annual funding under FP7-Energy
Table 1.2: Danish share of FP7-Energy projects
EUR million
500
Research
Demonstration
400
Hydrogen & fuel cells
The Danish Agency for Science, Technology and Innovation has reviewed Danish participation during the first two years of the EU’s 7th
framework programme, i.e. 2007 and 2008, specifically analysing
three special programmes in health, nanotechnology (NMP) and
300
energy. The results of the energy programme show the following
share in key programme activities:
200
Activity
100
0
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
Source: European Commission
Total EU funding
Danish share
Hydrogen & fuel cells
EUR 4.0 million
15.1%
Renewable energy for
electricity generation
EUR 2.9 million
2.3%
Of which wind energy
Biofuels
EUR 2.3 million
9.5%
EUR 21.8 million
17.4%
The Energy programme under the 7th framework programme is
CCS
EUR 0.3 million
1.5%
gradually increasing its funding from 2007 to 2013. Funding will
Clean coal
EUR 0.3 million
2.2%
particularly increase in the coming years. Overall, the energy pro-
SmartGrid
EUR 0.6 million
1.5%
gramme will increase from EUR 240 million in 2007 to EUR 430
Energy efficiency and savings
EUR 5.9 million
9.2%
million in 2013.
Miscellaneous
EUR 0.8 million
1.8%
EUR 36.6 million
7.5%
Total
Source: Danish Agency for Science, Technology and Innovation
18
energy · RESEARCH · DEVELOPMENT · DEMONSTRATION · 2010
Biofuel is one technology area where Danish players
are strongest, partly due to the Inbicon facility in Kalundborg.
In the SET Plan the European Commission supports the Smart Cities initiative developed by Covenant of Mayors to create a synergy between
the most visionary and sustainable cities. These activities aim to reduce
CO2 emissions from the cities involved by 40% in 2020. Investments of
EUR 11 billion will allow 25-30 cities to establish visionary zero-energy
housing and sustainable (low-carbon) transport solutions.
Photo: Inbicon
In addition to the initiatives in renewable energy, energy efficiency
strated together with new foundation types for greater sea depths. A
enhancement and CCS, the SET Plan is also working to develop a fourth-
number of activities in this area have been launched in Denmark, e.g.
generation nuclear-power reactor. An investment of EUR 7 billion is to
in Høvsøre, Østerild and the former Lindø (LORC).
pave the way for the first prototypes in 2020 and develop new mater­
ials that will make this reactor type cheaper than conventional reactors.
Two solar-energy technologies are highlighted: The traditional silicon
PV cells primarily used in local production facilities and the sophist­
EUR 50 billion extra towards 2020
icated solar-thermal facilities with concentrated solar power (CSP)
These ambitious plans require strong growth in both private and pub-
technology currently being demonstrated in south Europe. PV cells
lic technology development investments. Within the ten-year period,
are assessed to be able to generate up to 12% of the EU’s electricity
total investments must increase from approx. EUR 3 billion to EUR 8
consumption, while CSP stations will be able to generate 3% in 2020.
billion annually. The Commission expects that producers and energy
In the long run, the potential for CSP stations will grow, thus offering
companies will provide around 70% of the additional EUR 50 billion,
more stable production. The total investment is estimated at EUR 16
while the EU and the Member States will account for 7% and 23%,
billion.
respectively, of the public co-financing. The European Investment Bank
EIB is directly participating in implementing the SET Plan and expects
Bioenergy is estimated to be able to cover up to 14% of the EU’s total
to provide large loans for private investments. Until now, loans for the
energy requirement in 2020 with an investment of EUR 9 billion in
energy sector have increased from EUR 6.5 billion in 2008 to an estim­
developing chiefly technologies for sustainable biofuels and CHP
ated EUR 10.25 billion in 2010.
plants. It is recommended that some 30 demonstration facilities be
established to test various types of biomass. Denmark has joined two
The planned increases in energy programme funding and the political
large EU projects in the area, one being Inbicon’s plant in Kalundborg
desire to focus even more strongly on developing renewable energy
(KACELLE project).
technology mean that the required public funding can probably be furnished at EU level. A greater challenge involves persuading all Member
25-30 sustainable cities
States to invest sufficiently in national development programmes at a
The European reestablishment plan has made technologies for clean-
time when public savings top the agenda.
ing, transporting and storing CO2 from power plants and energy-intens­
ive industries using coal high priority focus areas, and considerable EU
From 2013, the Commission expects the pressure on national budgets
funding has been provided for a number of demonstration facilities. A
to ease since the auctioning of CO2 emission allowances to the energy
total investment of EUR 13 billion is needed to make CCS technologies
companies and industrial businesses will generate significant public
sufficiently efficient to clean CO2 at an additional cost of EUR 30-50/ton
earnings. The Member States have previously agreed that at least half
in 2020. According to the CCS road map, this will make using CSS
of these new earnings must be used for climate-policy purposes, in-
instead of buying CO2 emission allowances more competitive.
cluding to develop energy-efficient technologies.
At EU level, technology development in hydrogen and fuel cells is
SET Plan cooperation to create added value
handled as a Joint Undertaking partnership where the involved indus-
The SET Plan, considered the “technology leg” of the Climate and En-
trial companies play a pivotal role in distributing EU funds. This Euro-
ergy Package, is the first targeted attempt at creating synergies be-
pean cooperation has created the requisite critical mass to develop
tween national initiatives and the EU. The SET Plan technology areas
efficient and competitive technologies for various end uses in areas
have been chosen because they are assessed able to create added
like micro CHP, uninterruptible power supply systems and transporta-
value through EU cooperation. The technological challenges are so
tion. However, in the next ten years, some EUR 5 billion will have to be
massive that they can only be handled in cooperation with several
invested in demonstration facilities and market pene­tration to make
Member States. Cooperation is voluntary where a High Level Steering
the technologies sufficiently competitive.
Group with representatives from the Member States and the Commis-
energy · RESEARCH · DEVELOPMENT · DEMONSTRATION · 2010
19
EU and international cooperation on energy research
sion work with EIB to coordinate the initiatives identified in the various
• The SET Plan cooperation makes it easier for the Danish players to
gain an overview of where to find the technological competences
road maps.
to supplement their own competences and thus increase the pace
The SET Plan’s ambitious objectives for developing key en-
of developing competitive technologies. The SET Plan information
ergy technologies have been widely supported in recogni-
systems also create a basis for a credible forecast regarding how
tion of the fact that attention must be focused on research,
the future European market will develop for the selected technol­o­
development and demonstration to make the realisation of
gies, says Eric Björklund.
the 20-20-20 objectives more cost-effective. The Danish repre­
sentatives in the steering group, which convenes twice an-
Strong Danish EU position
nually, are Hans Jørgen Koch, Deputy State Director of the
Energy technologies have evolved into the strongest Danish bet in the
Da­nish ­Energy Agency and Frede Blaabjerg, Dean of Aalborg Uni-
competition for EU funding for research and technology development.
versity.
Under the 7th framework programme, the Danish share of total funding from the Cooperation Programme energy theme has increased
A Sherpa group consisting of civil servants from the Commission and
to more than 8%, and direct project funding from the EU to Danish
Member States handles the operational assignments under the SET
players has reached a volume corresponding to approx. 15% of
plan, while the European industry initiatives and the European Energy
total public funding of strategic energy research , i.e. just under EUR 20
Research Alliance (EERA) provide contributions from businesses and
billion. The importance of EU funding for energy technology develop-
research environments. Risø DTU director Henrik Bindslev is chair-
ment in Denmark is expected to grow further as the energy theme
man of the EERA, and Risø DTU coordinates wind and PV cells under
receives more funding.
the programme, spanning the period 2013-2020. A strategic energy
technology information system (SETIS) has been established to ensure
As funding for the energy programme increases, the Commission
efficient information exchange based on shared criteria for assessing
makes greater demands for European added value to support a project
energy technology development levels and interaction with market
application. A technology primarily developed by strictly national
development.
players can only rely on EU funding if those players are prepared to let
the project outcome benefit other Member States.
Project consultant Eric Björklund from the EDDP secretariat under the
Danish Energy Agency points to the fact that the SET Plan is an initi­
More specifically, the prioritised technology areas result in specific
ative offering special advantages for a country like Denmark. In several
calls through the annual work programmes, where Member State re­
of the prioritised technology areas such as hydrogen, fuel cells, wind
presentatives are included in a dynamic interaction with Commission
energy, SmartGrids and bioenergy, the European ambitions match the
workers. The Danish effort is coordinated between the Danish Agency
Danish objectives.
for Science, Technology and Innovation and the EDDP secretariat with
RE contribution to a low-carbon EU economy
Through contributions from a number of European industry initiatives,
●●
the European Commission has prepared road maps for renewable
energy technologies capable of providing the greatest contributions
●●
in the EU’s planned transition to a low-carbon economy, including
The European electricity grid will be developed according to the
SmartGrid concept and thus able to integrate up to 35% RE gene­
a minimum 80% reduction in CO2 emissions in 2050. Specific goals
have been set for individual tech­nology contributions in 2020:
By 2020, 25-30 European cities will have reduced their CO2 emissions by at least 40% compared with 2006
ration.
●●
In addition, the European Commission expects Carbon Capture
and Storage technologies to be sufficiently competitive by 2020-
●●
●●
●●
Wind energy – particularly offshore wind farms – must cover up to
2025 to be installed in all coal-fired power plants. The first 4th
20% of EU electricity consumption in 2020
generation nuclear reactor prototypes are expected to be opera-
Solar energy is able to cover up to 15% of EU electricity demand
tional in 2020 and set for commercial application from around
in 2020: 12% from traditional small-scale PV facilities and up to
2040. Both technologies will also contribute to limiting total EU
3% from solar energy facilities using CSP technology
CO2 emissions.
At least 14% of total EU energy production will stem from costeffective renewable bioenergy technologies in 2020
20
energy · RESEARCH · DEVELOPMENT · DEMONSTRATION · 2010
Source: European Commission SEC (2009) 1296 of 07.10.2009
assistance from a reference group comprising key businesses and re-
Danish projects. The programme has earmarked special funds for co-
search environments.
financing Danish players’ participation in EU energy projects.
Rasmus Linnemann Krogh-Meyer from the Danish Agency for Science,
In addition to the growing importance of EU cooperation to Danish
Technology and Innovation and member of the programme commit-
technology development, Danish energy technology programmes
tee says that the Commission is applying a very open process in which
aim at extending international research cooperation both bilaterally
Member States have real opportunities to impact on common prioriti-
and in a wider international context. For many years, EDDP – and the
sations. To achieve support, a project group must both offer qualified
former ERP – have financed Danish participation under the Implement-
project management and have technological competences with a po-
ing Agreements of the International Energy Agency in, e.g., biomass,
tential to address challenges at European level.
hydrogen and fuel cells, energy efficiency enhancement, solar energy
and wind energy. In future, the EU will also participate in this work.
• The Danish Agency for Science, Technology and Innovation analysis
of Danish strengths and weaknesses in the 7th framework pro-
EDDP is also financing the Danish part of Nordic Energy Research, which
gramme shows that we are excelling in hydrogen and fuel cells,
during the past years has been supplemented with contributions from
wind energy, biofuels and SmartGrid. These are technology areas
the Danish Agency for Science, Technology and Innovation for the five-
given high and deliberate priority in Danish national programmes
year Nordic Excellence in Research Programme in energy and climate.
for several years, thus creating competences that make Danish
The ForskEL programme funds Danish participation in several ERA-NET
players interesting to both other European countries and the Com-
projects and the Danish Council for Strategic Research supports Danish
mission. Conversely, during the past years, Danish applicants have
participation in the North European N-INNER cooperation and ERA-NET
failed to make breakthroughs in solar energy and energy savings
project on Electromobility.
in buildings, areas which Germany and Austria have targeted more
strongly nationally than Denmark, which is evident when project
Bilaterally, the Danish Council for Strategic Research has earmarked
funding is allocated in Brussels, he explains.
funds for Danish-Chinese cooperation projects, the first of which
received funding in 2009, and EDDP and ForskEL are co-financing
Areas such as wave power, energy-efficient renovation and building-
Danish participation in a fuel cell cooperation with Canada in the
integrated PV cells offer some potential for successful Danish applica-
CanDan projects. The Danish Agency for Science, Technology and
tions in the coming years.
Innovation is cooperating with the USA and Japan and has posted research attachés at innovation centres in the USA (Silicon Valley), China
Strengthened international cooperation
(Shanghai) and Germany (Munich) to assist Danish researchers and
The ForskEL programme prioritises international research cooperation
businesses in establishing international networks.
highly and can co-finance the international partners’ participation in
Investment requirements in the EU SET Plan 2010-2020
In cooperation with a number of industry initiatives (European Industrial Initiatives – EII),
the European Commission has looked at high-priority technology areas and assessed what
investments in research, development, demonstration and market penetration are needed
between 2010 and 2020 in these areas to provide the expected contributions to the EU’s
transition to a low-carbon economy. Investments are both public and private, coming from
energy companies and transmission companies, from both the EU and the Member States.
Technology area (EII)
Investment need (EUR billion)
Wind energy
6
Solar Energy (PV & CSP)
16
Bioenergy
9
Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS)
10.5-16.5
Electricity grid (SmartGrids)
2
Great Britain is the largest market for off­
Sustainable Nuclear Energy
5-10
shore wind farms. The photo shows Vestas
Smart Cities
turbines in North Hoyle off Wales.
Photo: Vestas Wind Systems
10-12
Total
58.5-71.5
Source: European Commission SEC (2009) 1296 of 07.10.2009
energy · RESEARCH · DEVELOPMENT · DEMONSTRATION · 2010
21
Strategic energy research
Strategic programmes with optimum cohesion
in the energy technology development chain
Recently, the five programmes and foundations granting project
ForskEL project funding for research into the complicated biomass
support for strategic energy research and technology devel-
combustion processes at major power stations has helped develop
opment have strengthened their mutual cooperation on, for
CHEC at DTU Chemical Engineering into an internationally leading
instance, common technology strategies, using constant co-
research centre for biomass combustion processes. The photo is
ordination and joint communication to ensure that the research
from the CHEC test hall, the activities of which are followed up
environments and companies applying for activity funding will
in-situ at the power stations.
Photo: Torben Nielsen
be serviced under the programme best suited to cover their spe-
thus also position in the development chain. The previous work di-
cific needs.
vision between the Energy Research Programme, ERP, and the other
strategic energy research programmes has been adjusted.
Last link in chain boosted
Each programme has its own profile at a well-defined place in the
Strategic prioritising
overall development chain of energy technology. With the EDDP
Generally, the Danish Council for Strategic Research is tasked with
Act, the energy policy agreement on the ForskVE programme and
launching basic research of key strategic importance in the area of
the latest initiatives in Green Labs DK, politicians have decided to
Future Energy Systems. The main focus rests on renewable energy
strengthen the last links of the energy technology development
technologies and the energy systems that are to function as the
chain, which have so far constituted a major barrier for many small
framework for practical renewable energy use in the future. The
and medium-sized entrepreneurial companies.
Programme Commission on Sustainable Energy and Environment
of the Danish Council for Strategic Research calls for applications
Danish universities’ basic research funds, projects from the Danish
in specific areas and focuses the bulk of its funding on major stra-
National Research Foundation and the Danish Council for Independ-
tegic research centres, granting funding to finance comprehensive
ent Research’s projects concerning nature and universe, technology
research activities for periods of five-seven years.
and production have provided public research environments with
22
a springboard enabling them to amass basic competences and sci-
Such centres work closely with the most innovative companies
entific insight, subsequently utilised in strategic research projects.
in the relevant technology area and with international research
When the EDDP Act came into force, the Danish Energy Agency
environments holding supplementary competences. The centres
technology development programme changed focus, structure and
work in fields such as biofuels, fuel cells, building, energy materials,
energy · RESEARCH · DEVELOPMENT · DEMONSTRATION · 2010
energy systems and wind power. The Programme Commission also
Together with the Energy Research Programme, the ForskEL pro-
supports strategic research alliances operating in hydrogen, bio-
gramme has for years been the key funding source for targeted,
fuels, wave power, CCS, energy systems and geothermal energy.
persistent research in fuel cells, the focus being on SOFC and PEM
technologies. Today, this research has reached the stage where
Applied research
EDDP funds process optimisation and demonstration, while ForskEL
Energinet.dk’s ForskEL programme operates in the next links of the
still supports the research-intensive activities in both fields. ForskEL
development chain and supports applied research in environment-
has also granted funding to a consortium developing high-temper-
friendly electricity-generation technologies and intelligent energy
ature PEM, because this highly promising technology has not yet
systems. The first four or five years the programme existed, its
reached the stage of the other two technologies. ForskEL also funds
chief task was to finance the research and development activities
development of SOEC electrolysis, a process that converts electricity
that enabled the power station companies to realise the politically
to hydrogen.
decided biomass action plan in both technically and financially raSince the first ForskEL project, PV cells have represented a key ac-
tional ways.
tion area. In addition to funding aimed at popularising silicon PV
The completion of this task freed resources for funding process op-
cells, the ForskEL programme has promoted several innovative
timisation in waste incineration and thermal biomass gasification.
concepts with other PV cell types as well as high-performance
The VIKING gasifier, the Open Core gasifier and the low-tempera-
inverters. ForskEL has also been a vital sponsor of wave power
ture circulating fluid-bed (LT-CFB) gasifier have now reached the
entrepreneurs, who became “homeless” when the dedicated wave
demonstration stage. ForskEL also funds optimisation of biogas
power programme was discontinued in 2002.
processes.
Figure 2.1: Market-pull and technological push
MARKET-PULL
TECHNOLOGICAL PUSH
RESEARCH
AND DEVELOPMENT
BACKGROUND RESEARCH
DEMONSTRATION
MARKET MATURATION
COMMERCIALISATION
University basic
research funds
Danish National
Research Foundation
Danish Council for
Independent Research
Danish Counc
Council
cil for
for
Strategic Research
Danish Council for
Technology and Innovation
Danish National Advanced
Technology Foundation
Supply
• Universities
• Other research institutions
• Corporate research
Demand
•
•
•
•
EDDP programme
Green Labs DK
Consumer
Businesses
Public sector
Foreign countries
ForskEL
ForskVE
Elforsk
Fornyelsesfonden
Vækstfonden
FOCUS
Professional
curiosity
Applied and strategic
research and development
Functionality and
market maturation
Upscaling and
price reduction
Global
competitiveness
energy · RESEARCH · DEVELOPMENT · DEMONSTRATION · 2010
23
Strategic energy research
Establishing the ForskVE programme funded via the February 2008
So far, EDDP’s largest single investment has been the demonstration
energy policy agreement for the 2008-2011 period has enabled
plant for Inbicon’s IBUS process in Kalundborg (photo to the left), but
Energinet.dk to coordinate project means for developing promis-
funds have also been allocated to initiate a similar upscaling for SCF
ing technologies by allocating dedicated operations support to aid
Technologies’ CatLiq® process (photo to the right). For the past five
demonstration facilities in the areas of biomass gasification, wave
years, fuel cells have been given top priority, and funding has bene-
power and PV cells during the first critical years.
fited Fuel Cells’ PEM-FC (photo page 25), among others.
Photos: Torben Nielsen
In the area of efficient electricity application, the Elforsk programme
The EDDP spent its first years focusing on fields like biofuels, SOFC
under the Danish Energy Association performs a similar task of
and PEM fuel cells, wind power and energy renovation. The decision
dedicated applied research and development. This programme has
to entrust the EDDP with managing the new support scheme for
promoted innovative concepts for building materials and construc-
testing and laboratory facilities, Green Labs DK, has further under-
tions, cooling, ventilation, casting processes and LED light source
lined practical application and commercialisation of technologies as
application. Elforsk gives high priority to translating achieved re-
a top priority.
search results into practical use by means of, for instance, marketpull activities and construction of professional networks.
In principle, the Danish National Advanced Technology Foundation
takes a diametrically different approach to new technology than
24
Focus on commercial potentials
the other strategic programmes. The Foundation divides its alloca-
EDDP was set up to help fill in the “valley of death” where many
tions into several application areas, but leaves the initiatives for
innovative entrepreneurs ended up before their results could
new projects in the hands of the universities and companies that
be product-matured for the commercial market. This is why the
will join forces in creating value for society out of their high-tech-
EDDP has focused more strongly on near-market development
nology competences. Energy has developed into a high-priority
and demonstration and only funds proper research activities with
area by virtue of the numerous highly qualified ideas for using
an immediate commercial potential. One example is Terranol’s
high technology in energy that are submitted to the Foundation.
research in new yeast strains that could optimise production of
The Danish National Advanced Technology Foundation has funded
second-generation bioethanol at the Inbicon demonstration facil-
biofuels, oil extraction, industrial process optimisation and wind
ity in Kalundborg.
power.
energy · RESEARCH · DEVELOPMENT · DEMONSTRATION · 2010
Second-generation bioethanol
mitted jointly with Vattenfall to the EDDP for funding to establish the
Although the basic work division is relatively new, several projects
demonstration facility at the Nordjylland Power Station.
have proved, since the establishment of the EDDP, that the core
competences of individual programmes in the development chain
SOFC fuel cells on the road to the market
have helped advance promising technologies from ideas to the
Fuel cells represent the technology area having in the latest five
market.
years received the highest priority by the strategic energy research
Since 2007, EDDP has had more than DKK 200 million at its disposal in the area of biofuels, an amount earmarked by the Danish
parliament to support development and demonstration of secondgeneration biofuels. The vast majority of this amount has been
used to fund cost-intensive demonstration plants for two different
technologies: The IBUS process used by the DONG Energy subsidiary
Inbicon and the MaxiFuel process used by BioGasol.
IBUS was originally developed at a pilot plant of the Fyn Power
Station with EU funding. When the process was to be upscaled at
a plant of the Skærbæk Power Plant, the ForskEL programme cofunded the shift, because the process integrates bioethanol production with CHP production. The process was so successfully optimised
and upscaled that the EDDP could first fund the task of designing a
demonstration plant and then its actual construction, commissioned
in the autumn of 2009 in Kalundborg with an annual production
capacity of about 5 million litres of bioethanol.
The MaxiFuel process is the result of many years’ Energy Research
Programme funding granted to DTU Systems Biology to develop a
multi-fuel process in a modular “stand-alone facility”. The EDDP has
Photo : Torben Nielsen
funded BioGasol’s process optimisation and its design of a demonstration facility in Bornholm, slated to have about the same produc-
programmes. The area has received project funding in the range of
tion capacity as the Inbicon plant. The final funding for establishing
DKK 0.5 billion, the largest portions having been earmarked for de-
the demonstration facility may be granted in autumn 2010, pro-
veloping the SOFC fuel cell technology jointly developed by Topsoe
vided that the total financing scheme falls into place.
Fuel Cell and the Fuel Cells and Solid State Chemistry Division at Risø
DTU. The ForskEL and ERP programmes supported development of
A Danish National Advanced Technology Foundation project gives
the first generations of these fuel cell types, when the main task
the two different bioethanol processes a platform for exchanging
was to identify and optimise the materials that could lower operat-
experience and optimising pre-treatment and fermentation of C5
ing temperatures, increase lifetimes and reduce costs.
saccharides together with the Technical University of Denmark and
LIFE-KU.
At a later stage, the programmes funded projects for stack design
and further optimisation, while in 2006 the Danish Council for Stra-
Jointly with Aarhus University and Aalborg University, SCF Technolo-
tegic Research granted funding for placing joint strategic focus on an
gies has received funding from the Danish National Advanced Tech-
electro-chemical research centre headed by the Fuel Cells and Solid
nology Foundation aimed at developing a reactor system operating
State Chemistry Division. The centre will gather researchers from
at high pressure and temperature and associated catalysts. The pro-
several universities and companies and thus lay the foundation for
cess converts wet biomass into bio-oil for use either in carbon-neutral
making a technology leap that will not only benefit SOFC development
CHP production or – following a refining process – for transportation.
but also utilise electro-chemical competences in other applications.
In continuation of the successful project, SCF Technologies received
EDDP funding to design and conduct a feasibility study of a demon-
In recent years, the EDDP and ForskEL have supported process opti-
stration plant, with the initial results leading to an application sub-
misation, and EDDP funding was granted for a demonstration plant
energy · RESEARCH · DEVELOPMENT · DEMONSTRATION · 2010
25
Strategic energy research
capable of producing electricity of 10 kW at the H.C. Ørsted Power
continuous production, the full-scale plant will be set up. Follow-
Station. The plant is seen as a major milestone on the way to commer-
ing satisfactory test operation at Hanstholm, plans have now been
cialising the SOFC design, which has achieved a promising relationship
made to shift the plant to Horns Rev II, where interrelations be-
between performance, lifetime and production costs. This develop-
tween a wave power plant and an offshore wind farm can be tested
ment trend aims primarily at a stationary market for local electricity
and optimised. ForskVE has granted funding for operation in the first
generation, micro CHPs in one-family houses and APU plants.
years of the full-scale plant.
Currently, a major demonstration project will be realised for micro
LED light sources in greenhouses
CHP based on the three fuel cell types SOFC, LT-PEM and HT-PEM.
In recent years, innovative application of LEDs has been a high-pri-
The project is to give all involved players practical experience in
ority action area for the Elforsk programme. DTU Fotonik functions
operation. The funding comes out of a separate allocation from the
as the scientific pivot for launching a multitude of development
parliamentary Finance Committee and is managed by the EDDP.
projects that apply LED light sources in various niches, e.g. museum
lighting, furniture with built-in lighting, high-quality fixtures, urban
Concurrently with the efforts to translate first-generation SOFC into
space lighting and outdoor fittings. Greenhouses constitute a par-
pre-commercial products, the Danish National Advanced Techno-
ticular focus area in which the specific qualities of LED light sources
logy Foundation has supported the development of new metallic
offer unprecedented possibilities for optimising plant growth with
alloys and nano-structured composites that have improved SOFC
very low electricity consumption.
fuel cell performance. The use of nano-technology continues in
another project aimed at developing nano-technological coatings
In two Elforsk projects, AgroTech has developed this concept
for advanced thin-film technologies. Great expectations are now
jointly with DTU Fotonik, reaching results so promising that the
invested in another technology leap up to 2012.
Danish Council for Technology and Innovation has granted funding
to enable the innovation consortium “2017 Greenhouse Concept” to
Plastic PV cells developed in Denmark
commercialise the results integrated with other energy efficiency
Thus far, PV cells for practical use in Denmark have been imported
measures for the greenhouse sector.
from foreign producers of silicon-based cells, but since 2004 the
Danish Council for Strategic Research has supported the set-up of
Another concept for LED in greenhouses arose from basic research
a Danish research environment at Risø DTU, which utilised several
funds at the University of Southern Denmark, and the project has
project appropriations to develop and optimise plastic PV cells. The
received funding from the EDDP to develop and demonstrate an
performance and lifetimes of these PV cells are significantly inferior
adjustable greenhouse fixture.
to those of silicon PV cells. On the other hand, their production
process is simple and well-suited for mass production, and, com-
Need for deeper scientific understanding
pared to the production capacity of PV cells, costs will probably be
In the area of technology development, a time comes when a
many times lower than for conventional PV cells.
deeper scientific understanding is needed because an ongoing,
project-oriented development track for applied knowledge fails to
Several Danish Council for Strategic Research projects have de-
bring about the technology improvements desired. The Wind En-
veloped polymer PV cells to a level that enables EDDP to support
ergy Division at Risø DTU and DTU Mechanical Engineering have
the industrialisation of production processes as well as develop-
amassed internationally leading competences in aerodynamic and
ment and demonstration of various niche products.
aeroelastic research which the Energy Research Programme has
supported for many years with one-year project funding.
In wave power, small entrepreneurial companies have dominated
26
technology developments for many years and been able to test
Aerodynamic competence is required to optimise wind turbine
their ideas on a small scale at a test pond at Aalborg University.
blades and entire wind farms, and the expected steep growth of
ForskEL has funded several of these concepts from the initial tests
the global wind turbine market onshore and offshore has made
to upscaled plants of a size that could be tested in a realistic wave
other countries aware of the immense potential in aerodynamics.
environment at Nissum Bredning. One of these concepts, Wave Star
The Danish wind turbine industry is subjected to competition from
Energy, has been upgraded to a stage where the EDDP is funding
US and Chinese producers, which benefit from extensive and grow-
the establishment of a full-scale plant of 500 kW. Initially, a plant
ing domestic markets. For this reason, Danish-developed wind tur-
will be tested containing a small number of floats at Roshage pier
bines must become increasingly productive and intelligent to offset
at Hanstholm, and once that version has demonstrated stability and
their higher production prices.
energy · RESEARCH · DEVELOPMENT · DEMONSTRATION · 2010
DTU Mechanical Engineering and the Wind Energy Division at Risø
DTU have joined forces in a multi-annual strategic centre for aerodynamics funded by the Programme Commission on Sustainable Energy
and Environment of the Danish Council for Strategic Research. A key
In the years to come, two new large strategic research centres
task for the research centre will be to improve the understanding
under the Danish Council for Strategic Research are to pave the way
of and insight into the interrelations between aerodynamic loads,
for a real technology leap in erecting large wind turbines offshore.
atmospheric turbulence and wind turbine power generation.
Similarly, the Materials Research Division at Risø DTU has strived
through several Energy Research Programme-funded projects to
improve the design basis for major wind turbine blades made of
fibre composites. The work has generated significant competences
and constantly contributed to optimising blade design, thus creating the basis for more cost-efficient maintenance of offshore wind
farms.
But if Danish producers with wind turbine blades as an absolute
core competence want to sustain their global competitiveness, they
need to make comprehensive efforts to achieve more basic knowledge about how and why damage arises on wind turbine blades
and how such damage develops. That task will now be performed
by a strategic research centre, funded by the Danish Council for Strategic Research, in which several university institutes with competences in blade design and fibre composites will endeavour to pave
the way for a technology leap made together with blade producers
and suppliers of composite materials.
A third strategic focus from the Danish Council for Strategic Research
Photo: Vestas Wind Systems
aims to create the basis for scientifically understanding the conditions for generating electricity from wave power. For many years,
The transport sector may lower its use of petrol and diesel oil by using
the Department of Civil Engineering-AAU has managed test facili-
electric vehicles integrated intelligently into the power system, by using
ties for small-scale pilot plants of innovative wave power concepts.
biofuels produced jointly with electricity and CHP and/or by using “green
The department will now be heading a strategic research alliance
gas” for heavy vehicles. Optimum integration into the transport sector
that will, long-term, enable Danish concept developers to create
will not only depend on developing individual technologies but also fo-
more reliable and productive wave power plants, in some instances
cus on socio-economic and strategic decisions on direction and efforts.
based on some of the ideas developed and upscaled with ForskEL
project funding.
Heating in 60% of Danish households stems from the district heating sector, its main supplies for many years consisting of waste heat
Integrated energy systems
derived from electricity generation. Ahead of us now lies a period
The overall challenge for continued integration of renewable energy
during which houses use less energy, and large generating facilities
into Denmark’s energy systems will be to interconnect programmes
will have fewer operating hours. We need completely new ways
and technology areas. Implementing the intelligent energy system
of planning heat supply based on local solutions with optimisation
(Smart Grids) requires interconnection with the transport sector,
through several energy systems.
with heat supply and with the agricultural sector.
The long-term vision of integrated energy systems require all enThe agricultural sector’s conversion of increasing volumes of waste
ergy-research programmes to cooperate on facilitating the entire
into biogas paves the way for utilising biogas much more actively in
chain from research to applied use in Denmark, as well as the pos-
energy supply. Efforts will be needed, spanning from proper research
sibility for growth and exports from the companies manufacturing
projects to demonstration and integration of biogas as a new “green
the many components.
gas” in electricity and cogeneration and perhaps even in transport.
energy · RESEARCH · DEVELOPMENT · DEMONSTRATION · 2010
27
Programme Commission on Sustainable Energy and Environment
Strategic research in
tomorrow’s energy systems
In 2009, the Danish Council for Strategic Research invested some
considers the final applications. In 2009, the Programme Commis-
DKK 190 million in research in tomorrow’s energy systems via the
sion received 51 phase-one applications relating to the field of en-
Programme Commission on Sustainable Energy and Environment.
ergy and seeking total funding of about DKK 960 million for budgets
Funding was granted in the total amount of DKK 165 million for
totalling DKK 1.3 billion. Fifteen applicants were invited to submit
seven projects with a total budget of just over DKK 250 million within
final applications, and funding was granted for seven projects. This
the Council’s traditional means: centres, alliances and projects. All
brings the energy success rate to about 14%, slightly below the
Danish universities and Danish and foreign research institutions and
average for the Danish Council for Strategic Research.
enterprises are participating in the projects. The projects supported
by the 2009 funding involve a number of researcher hours running
High priority given to wind energy and energy systems
to several man-years and the education of 53 PhDs and 15 postdocs.
Forty per cent of the 2009 funding was granted to two wind energy research centres – one for composite structures and materials
Moreover, the Programme Commission allocated a total of around
and one for aerodynamics and atmospheric turbulence. Both re-
DKK 25 million to the Danish segment of six international projects –
search centres will help expand and maintain Denmark’s positions
three in the northern European N-INNER programme for innovative
of strength in the field of wind power.
energy technologies and three in a Danish-Chinese partnership on
sustainable energy and environment.
In the energy systems focus area, the Programme Commission has
granted funding to an economically focused project to produce
The Programme Commission also offered total funding of about DKK
knowledge about the paradigm shift in the Danish energy system.
125 million to seven projects in competitive environmental tech-
Another three projects in the energy systems category are about the
nologies and a total of DKK 38 million to two climate and climate
modern power system, geothermics and geological carbon storage.
adaptation projects.
Finally, the Programme Commission has granted its first funding in
The Danish Council for Strategic Research applies a two-phase
the field of wave power by offering funding to a research alliance on
model, with phase-one applications in the spring and an invitation
the structural design of wave power facilities. With this research alli-
to final applications in the autumn. Following international peer
ance, the Programme Commission aims at initiating a more research-
reviews and consultation of parties, the Programme Commission
based, scientific approach to technological wave power challenges.
Figure 2.2: Danish Council for Strategic Research’s 2009
Programme Commission members
energy funding grants by focus area
The Danish Council for Strategic Research allocates its funding via a limited number of programme commissions appointed every year de-
1%
pending on the themes and means prioritised by the Danish parliament in the
1%
10 %
11 %
Biomass
Budget, etc. Programme commission members must be recognised re-
Hydrogen/fuel cells
searchers and their appointments cannot exceed six years. In 2010, Poul
Wave power
Erik Morthorst, senior researcher at Risø DTU, was appointed new chairman
Fossil fuels
40 %
5%
Efficient energy use
of the Programme Commission on Sustainable Energy and Environment, and
Energy systems
two new members were also appointed to the Programme Commission.
Solar energy
Wind energy
Six members from 2009 were re-appointed. The other eight members are:
Ida Brøker, Head of Department, DHI Water & Environment
2%
30 %
Karen Edelvang, Government Geologist, GEUS (new appointment)
Laila Grahl-Madsen, Strategic Research Manager, IRD Fuel Cells A/S
Ole Jørgen Hanssen, Senior Researcher, Østfoldforskning AS (Norway)
Professor Karsten Høgh Jensen, Department of Geography and Geology-KU
This calculation comprises the seven large national funding grants
(new appointment)
and the Danish Council for Strategic Research’s support to interna-
Preben Jørgensen, Manager Electrical Systems, Vattenfall A/S
tional energy research cooperation, a total of 13 funding grants
Professor John K. Pedersen, Department Manager, Department of Energy
with total project support of DKK 185 million.
Technology-AAU
Professor Sven G. Sommer, Institute of Chemical Engineering,
Biotechnology and Environmental Technology-SDU
28
energy · RESEARCH · DEVELOPMENT · DEMONSTRATION · 2010
Completed projects
Small funding grants were awarded in 2004 and 2005, and a large
Since the Danish Council for Strategic Research was established in 2004,
number of these projects are now completed. By March 2009 (ENERGY
the Programme Commission has granted funding in the field of energy
2009), 11 energy projects were completed, and by March 2010 an-
to a total of 69 projects amounting to about DKK 650 million. In the field
other 12 energy projects had concluded. Further information about
of energy, seven research centres and one research alliance have been
the projects is available in the individual technology sections on
established with this year’s funding grants, plus 61 research projects.
pages 50-147 of this publication and at www.danskeenergiprojekter.dk.
Photos: Torben Nielsen
At the DTU Risø Solar Energy Programme, a
Table 2.1: Danish Council for Strategic Research 2009 energy projects
project group headed by Frederik C. Krebs
has developed plastic PV cells with an ef-
Title
Funding grant
(DKK million)
Recipient
ficiency ratio and lifetimes at the international forefront. From the start, the Danish
Structural design of wave energy
facilities
19.6
Jens Peter Kofoed,
Department of
Civil Engineering-AAU
Environmental technology for
geological carbon storage
20.0
Dieke Postma,
GEUS
where the EDDP has provided funding for
Development of safe, profitable
and environment-friendly
modern power system
18.0
Zhe Chen,
Department of
Energy Technology-AAU
technique. The photos show a demonstration
Conversion to a society with
limited fossil energy use
22.0
Michael Søgaard Jørgensen,
DTU Management
Geothermal energy potential in
Denmark – reservoir properties,
temperature division and
utilisation models
15.4
Lars Henrik Nielsen,
GEUS
Danish Centre for Composite
Structures and Materials for
Wind Turbines
38.0
Bent F. Sørensen,
Materials Research
Division at Risø DTU
Center for Numerical Wind
Turbine Aerodynamics and
Atmospheric Turbulence
32.0
Jens Nørkær Sørensen,
DTU Mechanical
Engineering
Council for Strategic Research has funded
the research, which has now reached a level
product development and mass production
plant at Risø DTU.
energy · RESEARCH · DEVELOPMENT · DEMONSTRATION · 2010
29
Programme Commission on Sustainable Energy and Environment
International research cooperation
to achieve a lasting and environmentally sustainable energy sys-
The Danish Council for Strategic Research gives high priority to in-
tem in the long run and to generate more knowledge about cli-
ternational research cooperation. For instance, the Council supports
mate change and how society can best adapt to it. Some DKK 35
the strong Danish participation in EU energy programmes. In 2009,
million of the amount earmarked for tomorrow’s energy systems
the Danish Council for Strategic Research granted funding from a
goes to a new pilot project, SPIR, undertaken in concert with the
small pool of EU framework funding to hydrogen and fuel cell net-
Danish Council for Technology and Innovation. The Programme
works. In addition, the Programme Commission has offered fund-
Commission would like to see more projects that include sci-
ing to energy in the N-INNER programme and the Danish-Chinese
partnership.
N-INNER programme for innovative energy technologies: Denmark’s participation in the cooperation with Swedish, Norwegian,
Finnish, German and Estonian researchers, institutions and companies received funding of some DKK 6 million for projects on LED
lighting, next generation fuel cell materials and efficient biomass
use. The three projects received total funding of about DKK 42 million from the N-INNER programme. This is the second N-INNER programme call, the first having been in 2007. Discussions are taking
place whether to have a new N-INNER call in 2010.
Danish-Chinese partnership on sustainable energy and environment: The three funded projects with a Danish contribution of
about DKK 15 million and a total budget of around DKK 20 million underpin cooperation with Chinese researchers on modelling
wind turbines, environmentally optimising building activities and
optimising solar power and other heating systems in buildings. The
partnership with the Chinese science ministry on energy projects
is set to continue over the coming years, with Danish and Chinese
Photo: Torben Nielsen.
funding being earmarked in 2010 and 2011.
For the next four years, one of the new research alliances of the Danish
Council for Strategic Research is to create a more scientific basis for
Strategic energy research in 2010
Danish wave power technology based on the research environment at
Overall 2010 priorities of the Danish Council for Strategic Research:
the Department of Civil Engineering-AAU. Photo from test plant at AAU.
●●
Providing optimum management of funding grants appropriated by the Danish parliament for strategic research. Society is
●●
●●
to benefit as much as possible from the funding.
entific interdisciplinarity and thus incorporate economics, social
Strengthening international cooperation and scientific interdis-
science, anthropology, law, etc., in relation to theme and social
ciplinarity in research.
problems.
Involving all public and private users in research activities. The
Danish Council for Strategic Research aims to help convert more
research results into innovation. Applicants are measured by
whether they actually involve users in research activities, and
SPIR – integrating research and innovation
a new coordinated call has been initiated in cooperation with
SPIR – Strategic Platforms for Innovation and Research – is a
the Danish Council for Technology and Innovation on two pilot
coordinated 2010 call between the Danish Council for Stra-
projects in the fields of food and energy.
tegic Research and the Danish Council for Technology and
Innovation. Two pilot projects should be launched – in food
In 2010, the Programme Commission is allocating some DKK 340
and energy – to promote synergies between research and
million in total, the largest amount to date, to the themes To-
innovation by combining a research centre and an innovation
morrow’s Energy Systems (DKK 310 million) and Climate and Cli-
network. Large applications reaching some DKK 100 million
mate Adaptation (DKK 30 million). The overall purpose remains
are expected, with around DKK 60 million coming from the
Danish Council for Strategic Research and the Danish Council
30
for Technology and Innovation and considerable co-financing.
energy · RESEARCH · DEVELOPMENT · DEMONSTRATION · 2010
Energinet.dk’s 2010 call for applications: ForskEL, ForskVE and ForskNG
Energinet.dk’s R&D funding to foster the world’s
best energy system based on renewable energy
Energinet.dk is an independent public enterprise, which owns the
Energinet.dk manages the following research, development and
main electricity and natural gas grids in Denmark. It is responsible
demonstration programmes:
for ensuring security of supply and for ensuring well-functioning
competition in the electricity and gas markets. Energinet.dk is
●●
tasked with ensuring that the main electricity and natural gas grids
develop and expand in a manner allowing the energy system to ac-
generation technologies with DKK 130 million annually, as a PSO.
●●
commodate continuously increasing amounts of renewable energy.
The ForskVE programme funds the spread of PV cells, wave power
and biogasification with DKK 25 million annually, as a PSO.
●●
R&D funded by Energinet.dk
ForskNG is Energinet.dk’s development pool for the gas transmission system. The budget fluctuates from year to year, depending on the number of projects.
A key responsibility of the enterprise is therefore to ensure research
and development. One of the ways in which Energinet.dk performs
The ForskEL programme funds environmentally friendly electricity
●●
ForskIN is Energinet.dk’s development pool for the electricity
this task is through research activities paid for by consumers via
transmission system. The budget fluctuates from year to year,
tariffs charged to their electricity and natural gas bills. This is a PSO
depending on the number of projects. ForskIN does not conduct
(Public Service Obligation), politically decided by the Danish parlia-
a call for applications, but selected projects can be financed.
ment, which benefits all Danes.
These projects are not included in Energy 2010 but are described at www.energinet.dk.
Research is conducted internally at Energinet.dk as well as jointly
with external Danish and international partners from universities,
ForskEL evaluation
research institutions and the energy industry. Research generally
In connection with the approval by the Danish Minister for Climate
focuses on the general development of electricity and natural gas
and Energy of the 2009 R&D call for applications, Energinet.dk was
systems. These systems are developed on the basis of long-term,
asked to initiate an evaluation of the research programme in the
holistic planning, taking into account factors such as the environ-
period from 1998 to 2008. To this end, Energinet.dk commissioned
ment and sustainability, high security of supply, well-functioning
the Alexandra Institute Ltd., Department of Business Understand-
competition in the electricity and natural gas markets, and the na-
ing, to conduct an independent, external evaluation. Since 1998,
tional economy.
about 250 projects have been completed under the research programme, and around 140 projects are currently in progress.
Table 2.2: 2010 call. Applications received
Focus area
Applications
Budget, DKK million
Of which PSO DKK million
Waste and biomass – combustion
8
48.6
32.3
Waste and biomass – thermal gasification
8
145.0
85.1
Waste and biomass – handling
2
13.8
5.8
Biogas and biofuels
5
19.4
14.9
Hydrogen and fuel cell systems
13
124.8
79.7
Wave power
5
15.1
11.5
CHP and environmental improvements
3
30.7
11.5
Integrated energy systems
1
11.4
9.5
Photovoltaic cells (PV)
5
21.0
12.5
Control of electricity supply systems and electricity consumption
12
103.3
73.1
Wind power and its integration into the power system
9
79.3
46.8
Other technologies
6
28.3
25.4
77
640.7*
408.1
Total
* Excl. ERA-NET projects
energy · RESEARCH · DEVELOPMENT · DEMONSTRATION · 2010
31
uted roles have proven to aid in ensuring progress and profes-
In its evaluation of the research programme, the Alexandra Institute
sional expertise of international calibre in Danish energy research.
concludes:
Provide a sounding board for project managers and establish
●●
“The evaluation has shown that ForskEL contributes considerably to
large consortiums. As the electricity and gas transmission sys-
developing environmentally friendly electricity generation techno-
tem operator in Denmark, Energinet.dk has extensive know-
logies. ForskEL succeeds in its ambition to support innovation
ledge of tomorrow’s energy systems, and by providing project
within a number of different energy technologies and resources.
sounding boards and input on the composition of large consortiums, Energinet.dk can target efforts.
Energinet.dk is technically competent to undertake this task, the
programme contributes to creating strong knowledge environ-
Focus innovation increasingly on technology users. Close dia-
●●
ments, and ForskEL plays an important role when it comes to ful-
logue and cooperation with users becomes more necessary
filling the current politically agreed objectives within this area”.
as the ForskEL programme takes on an increasing number of
demonstration projects and technologies are developed that
• The evaluation documents that the ForskEL research programme
can be used directly by the energy sector and eventually by
is one of the most significant Danish energy research pro-
citizens.
grammes and that it is an important strategic source for developing the Danish research and innovation environments for
• Using the recommendations of the report, Energinet.dk will fur-
renewable energy, says Kim Behnke, Head of Research and De-
ther improve the ForskEL programme in the next years’ calls,
velopment, Energinet.dk.
says Kim Behnke.
In its evaluation, the Alexandra Institute provides a number of valu-
Strategy 2010+
able recommendations for further boosting the ForskEL programme in
In cooperation with the Danish Energy Agency and at the request
future.
of the Danish Ministry of Climate and Energy, Energinet.dk has developed “Strategy 2010+ for the ForskEL and ForskVE programmes”.
●●
Provide active leadership in the preparation of Danish R&D strategies in collaboration with the Danish Energy Agency and the
Energinet.dk has formulated a vision and a mission for its current
Danish players. Focused R&D strategies with precisely distrib-
and future PSO-funded programmes.
Table 2.3: 2010 call – DKK 130 million. Applications prioritised for funding
Focus area
Budget, DKK million
Of which PSO, DKK million
5
43.5
9.8
Waste and biomass – thermal gasification
2
12.9
5.6
Waste and biomass – handling
1
13.1
5.4
Biogas and biofuels
1
2.4
2.0
Hydrogen and fuel cell systems
6
69.7
32.7
Wave power
2
12.1
7.2
CHP and environmental improvements
1
23.7
6.4
Integrated energy systems
0
-
-
Photovoltaic cells (PV)
0
-
-
Control of electricity supply systems and electricity consumption
6
36.0
20.7
Wind power and its integration into the power system
3
20.5
9.7
International ERA-NET projects
-
-
10.0
Other
-
-
Total
27
Reserves for subsequent implementation
Consortium grant – one project
Total
32
Applications
Waste and biomass – combustion
energy · RESEARCH · DEVELOPMENT · DEMONSTRATION · 2010
109.5
(3.5)
24.0
130.0
●●
●●
Through effective programmes, we will do our bit to create the
The ForskEL programme’s funding for research into biomass com-
world’s best energy system based on renewable energy and to
bustion has helped establish an internationally leading research
meet the climate objectives.
centre in the form of CHEC at DTU Chemical Engineering (to the left).
We implement political agreements and cooperation agreements with other energy research programmes in Denmark
IRD Fuel Cells in Svendborg has developed into a leading player in
and abroad on research, development, integration and inte-
low-temperature PEM fuel cells (to the right).
Photos: Torben Nielsen
grated planning of new environmentally friendly energy tech-
The focus areas of the 2010 ForskEL programme are prioritised stra-
nologies.
tegically and briefly described below.
Strategy for ForskEL 2010 call
●●
Control and regulation of energy systems
In the ForskEL 2010 call, Energinet.dk will strategically prioritise
●●
Environmentally friendly electricity generation of the future
projects within energy technologies supporting the 21 February
●●
Environmental improvements and efficiency optimisation
2008 energy agreement and EU climate targets through the integration of environmentally friendly electricity generation techno-
Control and regulation of energy systems: Significantly larger
logies.
amounts of wind power require that wind power be integrated into
the power system and that the additional electricity generated be
Recommendations from the ForskEL programme evaluation are em-
used in an intelligent manner so that climate targets can be met.
bedded in Strategy 2010+ and in the focus areas of the 2010 call.
Control and regulation of energy systems requires increased flexibility on the part of producers and consumers.
Wind power is and will for years to come be the largest source of
electricity generation based on renewable energy. Denmark’s goal
Control and regulation are not limited to the power system but re-
of having a power system with a 50% renewable energy share
quire coupling with both the heat and the transport systems. Using
(primarily wind power) by 2025 puts heavy demands on the way in
electricity to replace fossil fuels in the sectors not subject to emis-
which wind power is integrated into the grid. As transmission sys-
sion allowances can help to ensure that the climate targets are met
tem operator, Energinet.dk has overall responsibility for the power
in an economically efficient manner. Targeted market development
system as a core activity.
is also a precondition for the integrated planning of energy systems.
energy · RESEARCH · DEVELOPMENT · DEMONSTRATION · 2010
33
Energinet.dk’s 2010 call for applications: ForskEL, ForskVE and ForskNG
The prioritised means are:
●●
under ERA-NET Smart Grids, ERA-NET PV and ERA-NET Bioenergy.
Control and regulation of small and large thermal electricity and
Energinet.dk gives very high priority to Danish participation in these
CHP plants
joint calls. Participation gives Danish research institutions an oppor-
●●
Existing electricity consumption to be based on demand response
tunity to establish strong international collaboration and thus bring
●●
New, intelligent and flexible electricity consumption involving
extensive knowledge to Denmark at little cost.
electric vehicles and the heat sector
●●
Power system optimisation through improved market control and
The total pool of projects evaluated and processed can be seen from
regulation of all generation units, including proposals for new market
table 2.2.
tools for utilising distributed resources (consumption and generation)
●●
Wind energy integration through active wind power regulation.
Consortium applications: In the 2010 call, applications for grants
to consortiums had the same deadline as the other applications.
Environmentally friendly electricity generation of the future: Re-
Projects could, however, submit expressions of interest before
ducing the use of fossil fuels in electricity and CHP generation requires
1 August. Five projects made use of this option, two of which
new environmentally friendly electricity generation technologies. The
Energinet.dk encouraged to submit complete applications.
new energy technologies must possess optimum regulation properties.
Energinet.dk received two complete applications on 18 September
The prioritised technologies are:
2009 from applicants seeking grants as consortiums.
●●
Solar energy in the form of photovoltaics (PV) and solar heat
●●
Wave power
After an overall evaluation of the consortium applications, one ap-
●●
Fuel cells for efficient conversion of energy carriers to electricity
plicant (B4C – Biomass for Conversion) was prioritised for funding.
and heat
In respect of the second application, Energinet.dk recommended
Production of energy carriers (energy gases) such as biogas, hy-
a preliminary study to document the expected results. This appli-
drogen and synthetic gas from biomaterials
cation is therefore not considered a consortium application in the
Conversion of waste and biomass into electricity, heat and liquid
implementation of the 2010 plan.
●●
●●
biofuels, preferably in integrated energy systems.
Evaluation procedure: Energinet.dk’s technical ForskEL network asEnvironmental improvements and efficiency optimisation: Exist-
sessed all project applications. The network consists of 53 Danish
ing electricity and CHP generation plants will constitute an important
and non-Danish experts. A few projects were also assessed by in-
part of Danish energy supply for many years to come. Efforts are
ternal evaluators from Energinet.dk.
required to reduce environmental impacts and to ensure that these
plants have a high degree of operational flexibility so that they can
ForskVE 2010 call
be used to regulate a power system with a high wind power share.
By the application deadline, eight applications had been received,
distributed as shown in table 2.4. To this figure should be added the
The prioritised technologies are:
Reduction of emissions from small-scale CHP plants, in particular NOX
●●
Cascade and polygeneration of electricity, heat and liquid fuels
All submitted project applications met the call requirements. How-
for fuel efficiency improvement
ever, one project was rejected due to lack of relevance. There were
Solar power in CHP systems where it improves operational flexibility.
surprisingly few applications within the field of photovoltaic cells.
●●
ForskEL 2010 call
34
proposed share of the B4C consortium.
●●
• A dialogue with the photovoltaic cell industry revealed that the in-
By the application deadline, Energinet.dk had received 77 excellent
dustry is under the impression that since so many photovoltaic cell
applications. In total, the applications represented a PSO R&D amount
projects were granted funding under the 2008-09 call, applications
of DKK 420.9 millon, with total research activities coming to about
from the industry are now less welcome. This is an absolute misun-
DKK 661 million, inclusive of own financing and anticipated ERA-NET
derstanding, as all applications are welcome. The allocation recom-
projects. The applications were of high professional calibre and in-
mended for the 2010 pool also shows that photovoltaic cells remain
volved many new players, which bodes well for energy research.
a priority area, says Jesper Bergholdt Sørensen, R&D Administrator.
The EU ERA-NET cooperation is conducting several calls for applica-
When the evaluation phase concluded, six projects had been re-
tions in these years. Applications in the 2010 call were received
commended for funding. In total, however, they represented appli-
energy · RESEARCH · DEVELOPMENT · DEMONSTRATION · 2010
cations for PSO funding of DKK 34.6 million To this should be added
production, distribution system development and interrelations to
the proposed share of the B4C consortium of DKK 11 million. Con-
other energy systems.
sequently, further prioritisation was needed to bring the projects
down to the DKK 25 million available.
No fixed framework has been set for total funding because in
the first years of the ForskNG programme Energinet.dk wants the
In its prioritisation of projects for funding, Energinet.dk based the
freedom to only grant funding to the most relevant and promising
final selection on the following criteria:
projects.
●●
●●
The project must be able to supply electricity (kWh) to the grid
On 19 September 2009, the 2010 ForskNG programme received
to an extent reasonably in line with the PSO funding applied for
three applications for a total funding amount of DKK 2.4 million and
The project must have a “beacon effect”, inspiring others to in-
a total project amount of DKK 3.6 million.
vest in renewable energy
●●
●●
The project budget must be reasonably balanced between fund-
In its 2010 call, the ForskNG programme is focusing on activities
ing for construction and funding for the commissioning phase
within biogas and synthetic natural gas (SNG), produced from bio-
(funding per kWh generated)
mass.
The project participants must have a vision for the continued
Two external evaluators and at least one internal Energinet.dk evalu-
work after the end of the funding period.
ator evaluated all projects. A total of four external evaluators, one
Energinet.dk is very pleased to be able to allocate funding to a
from outside Denmark, and one internal evaluator were involved in
number of innovative and promising projects. Funding has been
the evaluation process.
granted to both large and small projects, all of which have the poIn the evaluation process two out of three applications, totalling
tential to promote the spread of the three technologies.
funding of DKK 1.9 million, were rated eligible for funding. In a sub-
ForskNG 2010 call
sequent prioritisation phase, one project was prioritised for funding.
The ForskNG call was organised for the third time, its aim being to
The project is “010529 Establishment of a biogas grid and interac-
develop the general Danish gas system, e.g. hydrogen and biogas
tion between a biogas grid and the existing natural gas net”.
Table 2.4: ForskVE 2010 call. Applications received
Technology
Applications
Total sum applied for, DKK ‘000
PSO funding applied for, DKK ‘000
Funding applied for in %
Photovoltaic cells
4
86,317
26,782
31%
Biogasification
3
55,939
12,189
22%
Wave power
1
2,539
1,948
77%
Total
8
144,795
40,919
28%
Table 2.5: ForskVE 2010 funding grants: DKK 25 million distributed on projects
Technology
Photovoltaic cells
Project
Intelligent market mechanisms for no-subsidy PV
Total sum applied for,
DKK ’000
PSO funding applied for,
DKK ’000
6,717
1,440
PV-CITIES-2012
11,733
2,500
PVIB – Island Bornholm
27,525
9,000
PV cell units in private homes
Wave power
Wave Dragon Prototype; Operation, Maintenance, Dissemination
Biogasification
B4C – Biomass for Conversion
434
325
2,539
1,948
37,791
11,000
energy · RESEARCH · DEVELOPMENT · DEMONSTRATION · 2010
35
Elforsk – R&D for efficient energy use
Elforsk programme – breeding ground
for energy technology entrepreneurs
Since the start of the Elforsk programme in 2002, the Danish Energy
ledge in ways that also bring business success. We only view our
Association has strived to advance electricity-saving technologies
projects as proper successes when, directly or indirectly, they
and methods by giving new players the opportunity to develop and
lead to actual electricity savings for the end-users, states Per-
test their ideas. In step with the increasing experience accumulated
nille Skjershede Nielsen.
from this type of entrepreneurship, the Danish Energy Association
has endeavoured to create the optimum framework for entrepre-
Stig Niemi Sørensen is among the entrepreneurs whose roots arise
neurs and thus inspire them to give their newly acquired know-
out of concrete Elforsk projects. He and his partner Per Gernow
ledge practical applications as efficiently as possible. In this context,
turned his groundwater cooling concept based on the ATES system
the local energy consultants of the electricity companies can play a
into a commercial success in the company EnOpSol. At a company
key role in communicating new knowledge.
called ADVANSOR, two researchers from the Danish Technological
Institute, Kim G. Christensen and Torben M. Hansen, have translated
Network to support entrepreneurs
their heating pump research into commercial products for use in
The chairman of the Elforsk Advisory Committee and head of quality
processing as well as CHP. Today, ADVANSOR has 11 employees and
and section of NRGi Rådgivning A/S, Pernille Skjershede Nielsen,
an export share of about 50% and continues to develop its techno-
explains that Elforsk is working to develop a range of networks that
logical competences in new Elforsk projects, the most recent being
can provide extra support for these entrepreneurs. The network
a project on use of high-temperature heating pumps for industrial
concept was originally conceived for players working with beha-
cooling. In March Kim G. Christensen received the 2010 Honorary
vioural research but has now been expanded to include the con-
Award of the trade conference “Danske Køledage” as a token of the
struction sector, lighting and cooling.
sector’s recognition of his contribution.
• One of the new Elforsk projects is enabling us to develop the
Research coordinator Jørn Borup Jensen of the Danish Energy As-
framework for four innovation panels that will take stock of
sociation also names LED lighting technology as a priority ac-
technology development in their individual areas while also
tion area where Elforsk projects have been helping build unique
generating ideas for new projects. This framework will give
Danish competence since 2004. In this area, a world-class research
technology entrepreneurs excellent opportunities for streamlin-
environment at the DTU Fotonik has been established and so have
ing their own development processes and applying their know-
several small entrepreneurial companies such as Ib Mogensen’s
Figure 2.3: Funding applied for and proposed
Figure 2.4: Elforsk funding and
own funding (DKK million) Elforsk-2010
own funding (DKK million) Elforsk-2010
DKKm
DKKm
80
Own funding
70
Elforsk funding
applied for
60
50
10
Own funding
Elforsk funding
8
6
40
4
30
20
2
10
0
36
energy · RESEARCH · DEVELOPMENT · DEMONSTRATION · 2010
Behaviour, barriers and means
Industrial processes
Power and control electronics
Cooling
Lighting
Ventilation
Buildings
Behaviour, barriers and means
Industrial processes
Power and control electronics
Cooling
Lighting
Ventilation
Buildings
0
out-sider a/s and MORFOSO, set up by Hans Falleboe and Jakob
The Elforsk programme’s project funding for energy-efficient cooling
Andersen.
technology using CO2 as an environmentally friendly refrigerant has
contributed to developing ADVANSOR into a successful entrepreneurial
• Supported by the Danish Lighting Center, a professional highly
company (photo to the left). MORFOSO, which has developed the Koenig
powerful network has been set up and is continually expanding
Table Lamp (photo to the right), is one of the new entrepreneurial
its area of operation in practical applications for internationally
companies emerging from the Danish R&D LED application environment.
Photo: Torben Nelsen
produced LED light sources. This year, we’ve been able to grant
Photo: MORFOSO
Power to the People, which has demonstrated how a society can
support to a project looking to develop LED technology specif-
become carbon-neutral by gradually reducing its CO2 emission
ically for shop lighting, an area that consumes large amounts of
from electricity generation and electrifying as many of its energy
electricity for the actual light sources as well as for cooling their
services as possible.
surplus heat. Elforsk has also helped develop a quality assurance
system for LED light sources and fixtures, and we’re now start-
• We face the dual task of developing electricity-consuming
ing to build a dynamic positive list that will enable consultants,
technologies to replace end-users’ consumption of fossil fuels
electrical contractors and end-users rapidly to gain overview of
and making electricity consumption as efficient and flexible as
the most appropriate LED products in the market, explains Jørn
possible. Heating pumps and electric vehicles are seen as key
Borup Jensen.
technologies for such an extensive restructuring of the Danish
energy system, because, within a relatively short time-frame,
Electricity paving the way for a fossil-free future
users must be expected to interact efficiently with producers
Like other players in the energy sector, the Elforsk programme
via intelligent communication with the TSO and the electri-
committee chairman and research coordinator are looking forward
city trading companies. In the short run, electric vehicles and
to seeing what the Danish Commission on Climate Change Policy
heating pumps can replace the use of oil and natural gas and
proposes in its report scheduled for publication on 28 September
offer far superior performance without compromising user
2010. The Danish Commission on Climate Change Policy is charged
comfort.
with charting the way to a society completely independent of
fossil fuels like oil, natural gas and coal. Elforsk naturally bases
• Elforsk isn’t focusing on energy use in the transport sector.
its strategic work on the Danish Energy Association 2050 vision
Instead, the EDDP and special initiatives earmarked for green
energy · RESEARCH · DEVELOPMENT · DEMONSTRATION · 2010
37
Elforsk – R&D for efficient energy use
transport aspects support this development task. But in the
help create the initial demand, which would otherwise have
area of heating we expect specific Elforsk projects to generate a
required many resources to build. Together with the Danish
growing number of innovative products targeted at the market
Energy Saving Trust, we can jointly strengthen the cohesion
for heating pump solutions for all groups of end-users.
between technology development and end-use, the chairman
of the Elforsk committee declares.
• We also have high expectations for brand-new technologies like
phase-changing building materials and thermoactive construc-
Jørn Borup Jensen adds:
tions, which will in time make buildings more energy-effective
and incorporate them into more flexible energy consumption
• We see Elforsk as the first link in the value chain that is to
patterns. Should this technology development succeed, the en-
persuade end-users to cover their needs for energy services
ergy system will be able to fit in even larger volumes of fluc-
as efficiently as possible. We’ve, for instance, developed dy-
tuating electricity generated from renewable energy, explains
namic positive lists for several electricity-consuming appli-
Jørn Borup Jensen.
ances that aren’t yet covered by the EU energy-labelling of
products. These include professional washing machines, hood
First link in the value chain
dish washers, cooling units in the form of chillers, computers
Pernille Skjershede Nielsen eagerly anticipates the future interplay
and ventilators, and most recently we’ve launched the work
with the new Danish Energy Saving Trust.
of preparing positive lists for professional tumble dryers and
LED lighting.
• Elforsk greatly wants to see an even better interrelation created
in the total value chain from technology development to end-
• At Elforsk we want to develop new tools and instruments, and
users. So far, we’ve been able to use energy consultants from
we’ve learned to involve sector producers and importers, so that
electricity companies, who’ve helped communicate practical
our positive lists are representative of the current market and
results to end-users. This procedure has benefited both electric-
inspire producers to make their products more energy-efficient.
ity companies, which can use Elforsk results to target energy-
In our view, it’s an obvious task for the Danish Energy Saving
savings work and make it more efficient, as well as the pro-
Trust to assume operation of existing and future positive lists
gramme technology developers, because energy consultants
and help users gain awareness of them. Such cooperation would
Figure 2.5: Number of applications Elforsk-2010
Figure 2.6: Elforsk funding by focus area (percentage):
and funded projects Elforsk-2010
35
15.2%
Number of applications
Elforsk-2010
30
13.0%
Buildings
Ventilation
Number of funded
projects Elforsk-2010
25
Lighting
10.8%
20
15
10.8%
10
5
13.2%
3.6%
38
Behaviour, barriers and means
Industrial processes
Power and control electronics
Cooling
Lighting
Ventilation
Buildings
0
energy · RESEARCH · DEVELOPMENT · DEMONSTRATION · 2010
Cooling
Power and
control electronics
18.8%
11.6%
Industrial processes
Behaviour, barriers
and means
Communication
and administration
presumably enable us to strengthen Danish activities in the
was about DKK 10 million, but it helped stretch funding to more
practical EU work on the Eco design directive.
projects. Ten project groups were rejected despite the unambiguously positive evaluation of the Elforsk Advisory Committee, be-
Improved cohesion in energy-saving efforts
cause the extra DKK 15 million needed to launch these projects as
Even though the Danish Energy Saving Trust is so far financed solely
well was unavailable.
by a special electricity-saving contribution from private households
and the public sector, the Saving Trust must work on all aspects of
In the focus area of Buildings, Elforsk granted funding to develop
energy saving outside the transport sector. This model is rooted
an operational, digital 3D design tool that showed promising re-
in an unequivocal recommendation made in the evaluation of the
sults in a preliminary survey conducted with funding from 2009.
total energy-saving efforts which Danish politicians implemented in
Further, Elforsk granted funding to build up a network for building
their energy-policy agreement from 2008. Elforsk would like to see
modelling. Elforsk is also funding an enhancement of the highly
a similar strategy adopted for technology development.
popular building-simulation program BSim to include a facility that
models the thermal conditions of buildings and integrates BSim
• I think we’ve attained an excellent division of work with the EDDP,
with a simulation program for cooling systems.
which is also charged with improving energy efficiency and has
much better funding than Elforsk. The EDDP has the financial
Two new ventilation projects aim to deal with the fact that urban
power to handle the cost-intensive development and demon-
areas no longer contain air that can be characterised as fresh. Out-
stration projects aimed at energy efficient building renovation,
side air is so polluted by particles from traffic and wood-burning
an area offering enormous, cost-effective potentials for energy
stoves that Elforsk is giving priority to two different concepts for
saving, if the appropriate methods and concepts are developed.
using filters to cleanse outside air for ventilation purposes. Elforsk is
granting funding to a promising concept aimed at adapting energy-
• In contrast, we’ve for several years been working with innovative ideas and technologies, the future use of which
efficient ventilation in stables to new authority requirements on
limiting odour problems from pig production.
seems more uncertain, but which will at some point probably
underpin new, innovative EDDP demonstration projects. Simi-
The LED light source still dominates Elforsk funding in the focus
larly, our programme is the only program to work systemati-
area of Lighting. A new R&D player, Jesper Olsen, has been granted
cally with incentives, knowledge compilation and similar tools
funding to develop a dynamic lighting system that allows shops to
intended to motivate users to use energy more efficiently.
control colour temperature and colour tones and thus constantly
adapt their lighting to changes in the supply of goods. DTU Fotonik
• But in recent years, we’ve seen limitation emerge in our field
receives funding for two projects: creation of an LED network and
of work and in financial terms, which seems unreasonable in
a project aimed at optimising the interplay between daylight and
light of the enormous challenge facing the Danish society in
artificial LED lighting.
the area. We’re convinced that electricity consumers could gain
still greater benefits from their modest contribution to Elforsk if,
Heating pumps are an area of technology that has attracted greater
like the new centre, we could integrate our work on electricity
attention from Elforsk in recent years. In 2010, four projects on heat-
and heating savings more extensively. Financially, an increased
ing pumps will be launched, including a preliminary project aimed at
Elforsk contribution would rapidly prove to be an advantageous
identifying the potential for using vertical wells instead of a horizon-
investment. The current amount of DKK 0.0007 per kWh doesn’t
tal pipe grid as the heat source. Funding has also been earmarked for
even come to DKK 3 annually for a family with average con-
another promising PhD scholarship at DTU Mechanical Engineering, a
sumption, and already today we’ve qualified applications for
department that had an international breakthrough a few years back
amounts about twice as high as our current funding limit, say
with an Elforsk project on energy-efficient casting process. In the new
Pernille Skjershede Nielsen and Jørn Borup Jensen.
project, DTU Mechanical Engineering will improve the Plasma Treatment Casting technology, which can both improve the mechanical
Twenty-two 2010 Elforsk projects
qualities of the end-product and save process energy.
In September 2009, Elforsk received 71 applications for project support totalling about DKK 105 million. Of these, 22 project groups
The largest group of applicants was found in the focus area of Be-
have received funding. Some applicants’ projects were trimmed to
haviour, barriers and means, i.e. 27 applications. Only five of these
preliminary projects, with Elforsk only committing to co-financing
received funding, one reason being that Elforsk wants to earmark at
an initial preliminary survey in the first year. The reduced amount
least 75% of its funding for technological projects.
energy · RESEARCH · DEVELOPMENT · DEMONSTRATION · 2010
39
Energy Technology Development and Demonstration Programme
Newly-developed energy technologies
still need help to enter the market
Several new energy technologies have developed so positively in
Topsoe Fuel Cell in Lyngby, north of Copenhagen, which has also
recent years that a commercial market with new export oppor-
managed to obtain significant project funding from the EU.
tunities and jobs in Denmark is visible on the horizon. However,
reaching the last link in the development chain often poses a great
However, the manufacturing process is still some way from becom-
challenge. A key step on the way to meet this challenge is testing
ing a commercially profitable alternative to traditional electricity
whether the technologies live up to expectations and can make it
generation based on combustion at power stations. The fuel cells
in a global market.
work, and the fuel cell stacks can produce both heat and electricity
in micro CHP plants and the demonstration facility supported by the
The Energy Technology Development and Demonstration Pro-
EDDP at the H.C. Ørsted Power Station. However, the materials used
gramme (EDDP) supports innovative companies in completing
in the fuel cells make it difficult to improve efficiency further and
demonstration projects that can document the performance and
thus the profitability of production in Denmark.
durability of the technologies and, in some cases, helps companies
find methods of mass producing these technologies that will reduce
For this reason, the research and development strategy devised by
their production costs and boost their competitiveness.
the industry itself in cooperation with the authorities and research
communities identifies approaches such as using more robust and
Fuel cells under way
less expensive materials as vital aspects of making these fuel cells
Fuel cells are one of the technology areas to have shown the most
more competitive.
promising development in Denmark in recent decades. A fuel cell
is an electric battery that does not need recharging, but keeps run-
• The strategy has also demonstrated how this technology can
ning as long as hydrogen or other fuel is added. The technology
conquer an early market by entering already existing niche
is based on a long-standing energy technology principle not truly
markets, where end-user needs for the special fuel cells render
“rediscovered” until the American space programme.
the relatively high price a small barrier. Some of these niche
markets include power supply for mobile telephone masts and
Denmark takes a leading position in this technology. Many years of
uninterruptible power supply systems. This may pave the way
patient support with public funds to research solid oxide fuel cells
for increased sales, which can ultimately lower the price of
(SOFCs) have now given Denmark its first real fuel cell factory at
fuel cells and enable them to overtake less efficient electricity
generation, says EDDP secretariat manager Nicolai Zarganis.
Breakthrough in fuel cell technology
Figure 2.7: Funding applied for and proposed own funding
Headway is currently also being made in other technology prior-
(DKK million) EDDP-2009
itised in the Danish fuel cell strategy – Proton Exchange Membrane
(PEM). IRD Fuel Cells in Svendborg is the key player in low-tem-
DKKM
perature PEMs (LT-PEMs). The company has made a number of
400
350
Proposed own
funding
300
EDDP funding
applied for
technological breakthroughs in various research and development
projects. Moreover, IRD acquired a strategic partner in the USA in
2009 – a sub-supplier for their fuel cells. From its 2009 funds, EDDP
250
lent project support that allows IRD Fuel Cells to optimise the pro-
200
duction process and thus reduce costs.
150
Other
Solar energy
Wind energy
Fossil fuels
Energy systems
Efficient energy use
temperatures (HT-PEMs). Even though these cells are further from
Wave power
0
Hydrogen and fuel cells
(DTU) is charged with developing fuel cells with higher operating
Biofuels
The research community at the Technical University of Denmark
50
Biomass
100
the market than LT-PEMs, DTU Chemistry has some of the leading
researchers in the field. The technology received a boost through a
ForskEL 2009 consortium project.
Entrepreneur Serenergy, the result of fuel cell research at Aalborg
University (AAU), has received EDDP funding for several interesting projects aimed at applying hybrid system technology for the
40
energy · RESEARCH · DEVELOPMENT · DEMONSTRATION · 2010
purpose of potentially increasing the range of electric cars and de-
EDDP project funding for Wave Star has facilitated the company in
veloping environmentally friendly products for certain niche mar-
developing its first full-scale plant in miniature, now being tested at
kets. In a third EDDP project, Lithium Balance attempts to create
Roshage pier in Hanstholm (photo to the left).
synergies with Serenergy by connecting HT-PEM fuel cells with the
The Faculty of Agricultural Sciences-AU research centre in Foulum
battery management system (BMS) developed by the company in
aims to optimise the biogas process to utilise a larger proportion of
previous ERP projects.
the energy content of farmyard manure (photo to the right).
Photo: Wave Star
• The fuel cell technologies continue to pose major commercial
risks to the Danish players involved. Consequently, the Danish
Photo: Torben Nielsen
that’ll give the industry deeper insight into the fundamental
processes, says the EDDP secretariat manager.
support programmes in energy technology need to keep giving
fuel cells top priority. Obviously, we want our efforts to become
So far, the existing facilities have been able to lift operating profit
a commercial success, Nicolai Zarganis points out.
by adding a range of other organic waste to the slurry, but these
resources are already fully utilised at present. As a result, if the
Scientific insight into biogas processes
Government is to meet its target of converting at least 50% of slurry
The heightened political interest in exploiting the Danish biogas
into biogas by 2020, the processes converting the slurry into biogas
potential, seen, for instance, in the political agreement on Green
need to be optimised. To this end, EDDP offered funding in 2009 to
Growth from 2009, is also reflected in the granting of EDDP 2009
various projects that teamed up university researchers and innov-
funding. According to Nicolai Zarganis, Danish society faces a dual
ative businesses in the industry.
challenge that the biogas sector can help meet. One challenge is for
Denmark to be free from fossil fuels in the long term and the other
The development projects take considerably different approaches
entails agricultural pig production, which creates such large, local
to the key challenge of utilising more of the energy content in the
environmental problems that more efficient methods for handling
slurry. Their objective is to optimise the processes so future biogas
agricultural slurry pollution are required.
plants can run on financially viable terms, i.e. at a competitive
carbon displacement price. EDDP sees a great potential in biogas
• We’re yet to see the extension of biogas expected when work
processes that have a profitable operating economy – not only in
on the large-scale biogas conversion plants commenced in the
Denmark and the rest of Europe, but also in China and the rest of
1980s. For instance, we’ve been missing the link to research
South-East Asia.
energy · RESEARCH · DEVELOPMENT · DEMONSTRATION · 2010
41
Energy Technology Development and Demonstration Programme
From technology to business in the building sector
From the outset, EDDP has made energy-efficient renovation of
existing buildings a high priority area, but Nicolai Zarganis admits
that engaging the building sector in development that realises a
EnergyFlexHouse at the Danish Technological Institute is hosting
highly economically profitable potential has proved more difficult
several promising tests with more efficient energy use in buildings.
than expected.
Around 40% of Denmark’s energy consumption goes to heating buildings, and all calculations show that this is an area where
taking action at the personal finances and the national economy
level is worthwhile. EDDP has tried many avenues to inspire the
building sector in terms of technology, organisation and financial
innovation. If Denmark is really to handle emergency climate challenges in the years ahead, erecting new buildings without net
energy consumption is not enough. Massive measures addressing
existing buildings are also needed.
EDDP is undertaking several projects aimed at demonstrating that
existing buildings can be renovated so their energy consumption
equals that of new low-energy class 1 buildings, i.e. exceeds existing energy requirements applying to new buildings. However,
developing methods and building components capable of reducing energy consumption is one thing, translating new methods
and components into actual business concepts for energy-efficient
renovation another.
Photo: Torben Nielsen
Figure 2.8: Number of applications and
Figure 2.9: EDDP funding (DKK million) by focus area
commitments to EDDP in 2009
1.1 DKK million
80
70
Number of
commitments
60
Number of
applications
30.9 DKK million
21.7 DKK million
104.6 DKK million
22.2 DKK million
Biofuels*
Hydrogen and
fuel cells
32.6 DKK million
50
Efficient
energy use
40
Energy systems
22.5 DKK million
30
Biomass
Solar energy
Wind energy
20
65.5 DKK million
10
Other
42
Other
Wind energy
Fossil fuels
Solar energy
Energy systems
Wave power
Efficient energy use
Hydrogen and fuel cells
Biofuels
Biomass
0
energy · RESEARCH · DEVELOPMENT · DEMONSTRATION · 2010
*Incl. two funding grants totalling DKK 85 million from the funds
earmarked for biofuels and brought forward to 2008 but not allocated for specific initiatives until February 2009.
• In our dialogue with players in the building industry, we’ve tried
The EDDP project funding for developing and constructing a hydro-
to foster greater interest in developing projects with a business
gen infrastructure has secured H2Logic and other players in the Her-
potential. Hopefully, some of the results of the ongoing EDDP
ning area a central position in the Nordic and European hydrogen
projects will inspire the industry to reverse developments, says
research cooperation. In the first phase of the LINK2009 project,
Nicolai Zarganis.
demonstration refuelling stations were set up in connection with
COP15 in Copenhagen.
Photo: Torben Nielsen
Solar energy and district heating create synergies
used during the winter, thus enabling wind turbines and geother-
In 2009, EDDP supported a new concept that enables local district
mal heat to meet the season’s other significant heat requirements.
heating plants to utilise solar energy more efficiently. In this way,
the billion Danish kroner invested in local district heating grids will
• We’d really like to put an even stronger focus on developing
actively promote a fossil-free future. District heating already holds
technology in the district heating sector. The current challenge is
a great potential as a fellow player in a flexible energy system as
that district heating companies are having trouble obtaining the
the local plants are able to convert virtually all types of fuel into
own funding normally required to receive project support from
heat – and cold. Technologically, however, the district heating sec-
us. But we’d also like the district heating companies to play a
tor has not developed noticeably since the switch to small-scale
more proactive role in terms of developing a district heating sys-
CHP in the 1990s, and EDDP chairman Torkil Bentzen has previously
tem capable of interacting optimally with the rest of the energy
encouraged the district heating sector to boost its involvement in
sector, ends Nicolai Zarganis.
researching and developing energy technologies as the district
heating systems can play an especially constructive part in a flexible and intelligent energy system.
One development project, hosted by Dronninglund District Heating,
looks very promising. The project involves a new storage technique
to be used by district heating plants with low-temperature operations. During the summer, solar power can meet local needs for
hot water. A large amount of the surplus heat can be stored and
energy · RESEARCH · DEVELOPMENT · DEMONSTRATION · 2010
43
Danish National Advanced Technology Foundation
Danish energy research
on an international scale
Since 2005, the Danish National Advanced Technology Foundation
If, for instance, we make a new discovery in the area of renewable
has invested in 95 advanced technology projects and platforms
energy sources, it may create workplaces for up to 25 years – thus
that generate results and boost competitiveness. The objective is
contributing substantial value to Danish society.
to bring Denmark to the forefront of tomorrow’s key technologies.
This value is created at the universities and companies working
Until now, the Foundation has allocated 25% of its funds to energy
with the active advanced-technology projects and platforms. With
research, corresponding to DKK 307 million. The funds have been al-
the Danish National Advanced Technology Foundation on the side-
located to 22 projects and platforms in areas such as wind turbines,
line, they seek to develop good cooperation and set their course
energy harvesters, construction, PV cells, fuel cells, energy manage-
towards attractive technologies and market positions.
ment, biomass, sustainable materials and hydrogen.
Several of the Foundation’s projects have now been completed.
In 2010, the funding grants allocated from the Danish National Ad-
Some of the projects and their results are described in the annual
vanced Technology Foundation will increase from DKK 280 million
report of the National Advanced Technology Foundation.
to DKK 520 million.
The number of projects will increase in the coming years. Not all
Advanced technology creates value
projects will be successful, but then complete success would signal
The Foundation’s investments unite three types of stakeholders:
that the Foundation was not taking enough risk.
businesses, researchers and society. Their common denominator is
the ambition to develop advanced technology that creates value.
Risk profile
The Foundation has a high-risk profile.
The Foundation is concerned with investing in both the right technologies and the right people. This is a cocktail that also mixes
The Foundation focuses on the most ambitious ideas, fully aware
university and company competences and aims to create new pio-
that not all ideas can be realised in their original form. The im-
neering technologies. The impetus comes from the people who
portant thing is to take carefully calculated risks that create a cul-
passionately work with the projects and who have the desire and
ture where people are allowed to think big.
abilities to know more, dare more and do more.
To this end, projects must from the outset continually focus on the
The Foundation is a co-investor in projects that, despite their mas-
areas creating most value and where the efforts make a real dif-
sive potential, are too risky for companies to finance alone. The
ference.
Foundation therefore primarily invests in identifying ideas that are
innovative and sound but entail too high a risk to realise single-
If results fail to materialise, the option of withdrawing from a
handedly. Establishing cooperation across businesses and public
project is always open, without this having an adverse effect. If the
research institutions constitutes a challenge in itself, but is also a
results expected do not tally with the effort put into the project, the
prerequisite for creating great value.
remaining means are better used in new projects.
The Foundation already makes a positive difference by creating the
For this reason, the project steering committees regularly discuss
framework for new cooperation and thus new investments in ad-
whether projects are progressing as required and whether the good
vanced technology.
idea is still good or whether new paths should be forged.
The Foundation’s investments boost both long-term R&D invest-
Most important perhaps is that the project manager is a moving
ments made by businesses and research conducted at Danish uni-
force dedicated to keeping the project on track. This includes a
versities. In addition, businesses and universities use their shared
competent steering committee to act as a responsible supervis-
knowledge to bring technology to the market and meet societal
ory board. The steering committee sets the course of the project
challenges.
and ensures that the necessary resources are available to give the
project impetus.
New knowledge with extended lifetime
Research is not an instant solution to society’s challenges. However,
Hopefully, the clear distribution of roles and responsibilities can free
when research cooperation succeeds, the effects can reach far into
more time for what really matters: results.
the future because the new knowledge has a very long lifetime.
44
energy · RESEARCH · DEVELOPMENT · DEMONSTRATION · 2010
Together with Vestas, Risø DTU optimises the productivity of wind turbines with sophisticated flap
technology in one of the Danish National Advanced
Technology Foundation’s projects.
Active follow-up
Photo: Torben Nielsen
The National Advanced Technology Foundation has an investment
model that builds on three overall criteria: obvious commercial potential,
After the conclusion of the National Advanced Technology Founda-
research and innovation on an international scale and entrepreneurship.
tion’s project on developing the CatLiq technology into bio-oil
The three criteria govern all projects, giving them coherence from their
production, SCF Technologies has received EDDP funding to establish
inception to their realisation and the follow-up on their results.
a demonstration plant in Herlev.
Photo: Torben Nielsen
The success or failure of a project often depends on how intelli-
The object is to ensure that the project is on the right course and,
gently it navigates the challenges and possibilities it encounters
alternatively, review the organisation and project plan afresh.
along the way. The parties have to be deeply committed, stubborn
and strong-willed – but this does not cut it alone. The project must
The active follow-up is inherently challenging when the portfolio
also be well-organised and well-managed.
totals 95 investments and the yearly number of steering committee
meetings alone reaches some 200. The structure of the Founda-
The Foundation primarily focuses on ensuring that the project
tion’s processes is given great importance. From the daily contact
parties follow project progress and project results in close dialogue.
with project managers to quarterly reports to the supervisory board
Strong project management is the key. This applies to both day-to-
about individual project progress.
day management and the more strategic management related to
the overall objectives and success criteria of the project.
The systematic approach also helps preserve valuable knowledge
and pass it on to other projects. For instance, when a project over-
The Foundation designates an SPOC (Single Point of Contact) at the
comes a challenge others will meet at some point. These chal-
Foundation Secretariat at the start of the project. The project SPOC
lenges may come as technological barriers, new business strate-
follows the project closely and conducts/maintains an ongoing dia-
gies, cooperation challenges, etc. They all require real action.
logue with the project manager and project steering committee.
The National Advanced Technology Foundation looks forward to
The steering committee and project manager share the responsibil-
many new and promising energy focus areas in 2010 and onwards!
ity for actively applying the three overall criteria. The SPOCs readily
offer a sounding board and their assessment.
energy · RESEARCH · DEVELOPMENT · DEMONSTRATION · 2010
45
In all energy policy visions, wind energy is expected to be a dominant electricity generation technology in
the transition to a more sustainable energy system in the coming decades. In the coming years, new research
into aerodynamics, blade technology and foundations is to ensure the Danish wind turbine industry’s longterm competitiveness in the offshore wind turbine market, which is expected to grow significantly not only in
Northern and Western Europe, but also gradually in countries such as the USA, Canada and China.
Photo: Torben Nielsen
46
energy · RESEARCH · DEVELOPMENT · DEMONSTRATION · 2010
Energy research funding
Figure 2.10:
Public energy research funding
2001-2010 (DKK million)
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
0
50
100
DCSR – energy etc.
150
200
250
300
ForskEL + ForskVE
350
400
Elforsk
450
500
550
600
650
700
The Danish Energy Agency/ERP/EDDP
750
800
850
900
950
1000
1050
Energy projects of the ATF
Figure 2.10 illustrates the trend in public funding for energy re-
The Danish Council for Strategic Research funds comprises fund-
search and technological development. The funding is available
ing grants from the council whose energy and climate projects are
under the annual Finance Act and comes from PSO programmes
currently managed by the Programme Commission on Sustainable
financed by electricity consumers. The figure illustrates how the
Energy and Environment. Only funds for projects under Future En-
Government declared goal of increasing public funding for energy
ergy Systems are included.
research to DKK 1 billion is to be achieved.
Energinet.dk funds omprises the framework for the ForskEL proThe trend seen in recent years toward sharply rising funding was
gramme for generating environmentally friendly electricity and the
discontinued in 2008, the main reason being technicalities in the
ForskVE programme for introducing new RE technologies (PV cells,
grant system. The 2008 bar in the figure thus includes a one-off
biomass gasification and wave power) in the market. The 2008
funding grant of just under DKK 120 million for a UNIK project at DTU
energy agreement made the ForskEL framework of DKK 130 mil-
on developing storage technologies for fluctuating electricity gen-
lion permanent, while ForskVE was established as a four-year pro-
eration based on renewable energy, especially solar energy. Follow-
gramme with DKK 25 million in each of the years 2008-2011.
ing a decision in the Danish parliament, the EDDP funds for biofuel
development from 2009 and 2010, totalling DKK 100 million, were
Elforsk funds comprise the funds from the Danish Energy Association
fast-tracked to 2008 to ensure earlier technology development in
programme for research and development in efficient energy use. With
this area. The 2010 bar is based on the assumption that the Danish
a framework of DKK 10 million, the programme started in 2002, having
National Advanced Technology Foundation (ATP) allocates around
since 2003 access to DKK 25 million annually. The programme only sup-
25% of its DKK 520 million to energy-related projects.
ports projects with main focus on more efficient electricity use.
Figure 2.10 does not comprise EU project support to Danish players
Danish Energy Agency/ERP/EDDP funds for 2001 comprise a num-
and energy projects from the Danish Council for Independent
ber of special programmes that were abolished in 2002. In addition
Research, Green Labs DK, Fornyelsesfonden, the Danish Council for
to ERP funds, the year 2007 comprises a special funding grant for
Technology and Innovation, the Programme for User-driven Innova-
fuel cell demonstration of DKK 50 million. The 2008 bar includes DKK
tion, etc., which are included in figures 1.1 and 1.2 on page 5.
100 million in biofuel funding brought forward from 2009 and 2010.
This means that EDDP 2009 funds are markedly lower than in 2008.
Danish National Advanced Technology Foundation funds comprise projects and platforms primarily aimed at energy and that
form part of the Foundation’s key action areas for energy/environment, production and construction. The actual funding grants are
used as a basis for the years 2004-2009, while the assumption for
2010 is that the Foundation will continue allocating about 25% of
its funds to projects with a significant energy content.
energy · RESEARCH · DEVELOPMENT · DEMONSTRATION · 2010
47
Energy research funding
Project funding for focus areas 2001-2010
by research programme
The graphic figures on pages 48-49 show trends in project
Solar power, in particular PV cells, has been favoured by generally
funding granted by the Danish strategic energy research pro-
increasing funding in recent years, while wind energy has recently
grammes, i.e. the Programme Commission on Sustainable Energy
gained increased focus in the Danish Council for Strategic Research,
and Environment of the Danish Council for Strategic Research,
not least with two substantial centre appropriations in 2009. Fund-
Energinet.dk’s ForskEL, ForskVE and ForskNG programmes, the
ing for social analyses discontinued with the Energy Research Pro-
Danish Energy Association’s Elforsk programme, the Energy Research
gramme in 2007, but some of the tasks previously covered by social
Programme, the EDDP programme of the Danish Energy Agency and
analyses are today handled in Danish Council for Strategic Research
the energy-related projects of the Danish National Advanced Tech-
projects under energy systems.
nology Foundation. The funding distributes on the 10 technology
focus areas depicted by the project descriptions on pages 50-147.
Generally, the graphs on pages 48-49 reveal that the 2010
figures are significantly lower than in 2009. This is because only
The data used for these graphs do not correlate completely with the
Energinet.dk and the Danish Energy Association managing the
data material forming the basis of figure 2.10 on page 47 and table
PSO funds have been able to distribute 2010 funding. In the 2009
1.1 on page 7. Figure 2.10 shows trends in total funding for the pro-
calendar year, the other programmes distributed funds included in
grammes separately for the last 10 years, while the graphic figures
the 2009 Finance Act.
on pages 48-49 show the volume of funding granted for projects in
each calendar year. To these figures should be added a few major
funding grants from the Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation to the DCSR funding. Table 1.1 aims to provide as complete an
overview as possible of appropriations in the 2009 calendar year for
strategic energy research and tech-nology development, including
projects from programmes other than those described on pages
Biomass
50-147.
DKKm
Total
In this way, the EDDP programme brought forward two amounts of
DKK 50 million earmarked specifically for development of secondgeneration biofuels from 2009 and 2010 to 2008, but complicated
contractual negotiations on one of the prioritised projects meant
that the appropriation was only implemented in February 2009.
This is the reason why the funds appear in figure 2.10 for 2008 but
for 2009 in the figure on this page.
Similarly, the separate Finance Committee appropriation of DKK
54.9
59.6
59.5
53.0
46.5
14.0
35.6
38.9
61.6
57.8
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
0
50 million earmarked for demonstration of Danish micro CHP with
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140
DCSR
fuel cells was included in the Energy Research Programme/EDDP
ForskEL + ForskVE
ERP/EDDP
appropriations for 2007, but first implemented as concrete project
allocations in 2008.
The general picture arising from the graphs on pages 48-49 is that,
apart from one specific year, the primary receivers of constant appropriations of DKK 50-60 million annually focused on biomass,
particularly technologies for combustion, thermal gasification and
biogas, whereas biofuels were considered more in the years 20052009, because DKK 200 million were earmarked for this area specifically. Hydrogen and fuel cells received a total of DKK 634.5 million, thus being the focus area receiving most funding in the last ten
years. The steep increases in funding for energy systems in 2009
were triggered by individual major projects.
Biofuels
Total
2.5
0.7
2.0
11.8
19.9
74.1
99.3
114.5
104.6
0.0
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
0
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140
DCSR
48
energy · RESEARCH · DEVELOPMENT · DEMONSTRATION · 2010
DKKm
ForskEL
ERP/EDDP
ATF
Hydrogen/fuel cells
Wave power
DKKm
DKKm
Total
Total
20.6
22.9
11.1
46.5
94.5
95.5
52.5
131.8
126.4
32.7
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
0
0
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140
DCSR
ForskEL
ERP/EDDP
9.0
2.6
1.2
0.0
9.3
0.3
4.0
25.6
42.0
9.2
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140
DCSR
ATF
Efficient energy use
ForskEL + ForskVE
ERP/EDDP
Energy systems
DKKm
DKKm
Total
Total
28.6
13.2
31.7
28.1
50.0
37.6
79.1
113.4
81.3
25.0
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
0
0
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140
DCSR
ForskEL
Elforsk
0.0
0.0
0.0
9.0
19.0
54.4
20.4
22.6
105.2
29.4
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
ERP/EDDP
DCSR
ATF
Fossil fuels
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140
ForskEL
ERP/EDDP
Social analyses
DKKm
DKKm
Total
25.8
6.0
8.9
4.9
30.8
18.6
0.0
9.2
21.3
0.0
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
0
Total
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140
DCSR
ForskEL
ERP/EDDP
7.3
2.9
0.0
4.7
3.6
4.2
3.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
0
ATF
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140
ERP/EDDP
Solar energy
Wind energy
DKKm
DKKm
Total
9.4
0.7
23.8
15.9
21.0
29.5
32.2
43.7
57.8
12.8
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
0
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140
DCSR
ForskEL + ForskVE
ERP/EDDP
ATF
Total
25.9
21.9
8.6
48.2
38.8
18.8
54.4
86.6
137.1
9.7
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
0
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140
DCSR
ForskEL
ERP/EDDP
ATF
energy · RESEARCH · DEVELOPMENT · DEMONSTRATION · 2010
49
Biomass
Total
54.9
59.6
59.5
53.0
46.5
14.0
35.6
38.9
61.6
57.8
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
0
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140
DCSR
ForskEL + ForskVE
ERP/EDDP
Fluid bed gasifier being prepared
for demonstration
However, in connection with the February 2008 energy agreement,
the Danish parliament decided by a large majority to liberalise this
part of the energy market as well, a decision that now makes it
commercially interesting for DONG Energy to use waste in combination with coal at the large-scale CHP plants. In connection with the
consortium project, the company has acquired the rights to develop
and use this technology.
Able to handle problematic waste
The B4C (Biomass for Conversion) consortium project is to pave the
way for commercialising the LT-CFB gasifier by upscaling the unit
from 500 kW to 6 MW as the next step toward a commercial fullscale system with capacity of 50-100 MW. The 6 MW unit, estimated
to cost up to DKK 90 million, will be established in connection with
Unit 2 of the Asnæs Power Station. The idea is for the project group to
test various types of biomass waste and optimise joint operation with
the coal-fired boiler. ForskVE has granted the consortium funding for
its electricity generation during the first year of the unit’s operation.
Danish Fluid Bed Technology (DFBT), the developer of the technology,
is concurrently performing additional testing at a mobile 100 kW test
facility to establish whether the LT-CFB gasifier can be used for treating
Photo: Torben Skøtt/Biopress
various types of grass, multi-year energy crops, wastewater sludge, residual fibres from sugar production, sorted household waste and meat-
More than 10 years’ technological development of a low-temper-
and-bone meal. Moreover, waste products from rise, tea, palm oil and
ature circulating fluid bed (LT-CFB) gasifier has shown results so
olives will be tested to check the technology’s international potential.
promising that the ForskEL programme has selected an applica-
50
tion from DONG Energy for a large consortium grant from the 2010
DONG Energy is interested in the technology because it would en-
funds. DONG Energy has previously expressed an interest in this
able the company to gasify the biomasses that are difficult to com-
gasification technology because it holds a great potential for syner-
bust together with coal, and thus to separate aggressive substances
gies when jointly operated with a coal-fired power station, but as a
such as alkali and chloride prior to combustion in the power station
commercial power station company DONG Energy has been uninter-
boiler. During previous test operation, the LT-CFB gasifier has
ested in operating in a waste market that for many years has been
demonstrated its ability to handle straw with a high content of
regulated according to the rest-in-itself principle.
potassium and chlorine, slurry fibres from biogas plants, dried
energy · RESEARCH · DEVELOPMENT · DEMONSTRATION · 2010
chicken manure and residual fibres from the food industry. In this
way, DONG Energy obtains cheap carbon-neutral fuel that can help
Operation of the 500 kW gasifier (photo on page 46) has paved the
make its CHP generation more sustainable.
way for the major B4C consortium project.
The experience gained from the test operation shows that gasify-
In the past year, the CHEC at DTU Chemical Engineering continued its
ing the problematic biofuels produces a number of operating ad-
research into combustion of straw and other problematic fuels.
Photo: Torben Nielsen
vantages as the gas can help maintain high electricity efficiency in
ganic waste from the food industry has made it possible to increase
the power station boilers. An international ERA-NET supported by
the energy yield, but Denmark does not have sufficient organic
ForskEL has also demonstrated that tar cracking can render a gas
waste to meet the need if biogas plants become massively ex-
suitable for processes if the gas is low on tar, just as bag filtering
tended.
the tarry gas should make it possible to use the gas in natural gasfired boilers.
For this reason, EDDP has chosen to give priority to a range of
projects enhancing and demonstrating more efficient methods for
From its 2010 funds, ForskEL has also continued its support to the
slurry gasification. In the biggest new project, RETROGAS, Nordic
demonstration of Weiss’ promising 500 kW two-stage gasifier, to
BioEnergy will apply a new separation technology and a new ultra
be run in at a facility in Hillerød on the basis of positive experience
filtration system for the liquid part of slurry and treat the solid part
with the company’s pilot plant in Hadsund, which received funding
with enzymes, thus proving that biogas production can be made
to establish (from ForskEL) and operate (from ForskVE) the plant
profitable even if only slurry is used. In another EDDP project, Xergi
last year.
aims at achieving a similar effect with composting-like treatment of
the heavily marketable slurry treatment.
Biogas optimisation using slurry only
The political ambitions for the period until 2020 are to utilise half
Finally, the Institute of Food and Resource Economics-KU has re-
the energy content in farm animal slurry from agricultural produc-
ceived project funding to join forces with a number of existing joint
tion. This can make it necessary to enhance the biogas process so
biogas plants in testing and demonstrating whether pre-separated
in future large-scale biogas plants can run profitably on the use
fibre fraction and energy crops that are sufficiently dry for storage
of slurry alone. At existing plants, the combination of slurry and or-
can boost and regulate biogas production.
energy · RESEARCH · DEVELOPMENT · DEMONSTRATION · 2010
51
Funded projects · Biomass
Efficient Production and Fuels from Biomass (EPFB)
DTU Chemistry
Robert Madsen · rm@kemi.dtu.dk
tel.: +45 45 25 21 51
Participants: Uppsala university, Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie, RWTH Aachen, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Lab. of industrial
Chemistry and Reaction Engineering (Finland), Dep.
of Physical Chem & Electrochem, University of Tartu
DKK 1,788,000
DCSR:
Total budget: DKK 29,100,000
Completion: 1st quarter 2013
Pr. manager:
Contact:
N-INNER 09-073434
The project is part of a consortium with partners from several northern European countries
where the aim is to develop new procedures for
converting biomass into fuels. In the Danish part,
homogeneous platinum metal catalysts will be
employed for converting alcohols and polyalcohols
into hydrogen and carbon monoxide (syngas).
Synthetic Natural Gas Potential and Efficiency
Pr. manager:
Contact:
Participants:
ForskEL - 10299
Danish Gas Technology Centre
Betina Jørgensen · bjo@dgc.dk
tel.: +45 45 16 96 00
RISØ DTU
DKK 403,000
PSO:
Total budget: DKK 637,000
Completion: 3rd quarter 2010
The purpose is to establish whether synthetic natural
gas (SNG) produced by thermal biomass gasification
could be a renewable source and a cost-effective alternative to natural gas. Through a theoretical study,
the biomass potential, technologies and energy
efficiency will be mapped out through upgrade of
the gas. The project also studies how SNG from gasification plants can be fed into the natural gas grid.
SciToBiCom
DTU Chemical Engineering
Jytte Boll Illerup · jbi@kt.dtu.dk
tel.: +45 45 25 29 54
Participants: Abo Akademi University (Finland), Norwegian
University of Science and Technology (Norway),
BIOENERGY 2020+ GmbH (Austria)
DKK 5,925,000
PSO:
Total budget: DKK 19,722,615
Completion: 4th quarter 2012
Pr. manager:
Contact:
ForskEL - 10311
Standardised and advanced methods will be
developed for fuel characterisation of biomass in
different combustion systems. Greater understanding of the combustion methods will be achieved,
including ash formation, combustion in the gas
phase and NOX formation. The work will contribute knowledge applicable to future combustion
systems design.
Sulphur trioxide measurement technique for energy systems
Plasma Physics and Technology Programme
at Risø DTU
Contact:
Sønnik Clausen · sqcl@risoe.dtu.dk
tel.: +45 46 77 45 23
PSO:
DKK 593,000
Total budget: DKK 831,000
Completion: 2nd quarter 2012
Pr. manager:
ForskEL - 10442
The main purpose of the project is development of
a reliable optical FTIR measuring method for SO3
measurement, a method which will become a tool
suitable for manned testing and measuring on
power station SCR units and demonstrated on an
industrial multi-fuel fired unit.
B4C – Biomass for Conversion
DONG Energy A/S
Anders Dan Boisen · andbo@dongenergy.dk
tel.: +45 99 55 76 72
Participants: Danish Technological Institute, DTU Chemical
Engineering, Risø DTU, BGG, DJF-AU,
CIMBRIA Manufacturing, DFBT ApS, Calderys
DKK 24,000,000
PSO:
Total budget: DKK 50,128,000
Completion: 1st quarter 2014
Pr. manager:
Contact:
ForskEL - 10445
52
energy · RESEARCH · DEVELOPMENT · DEMONSTRATION · 2010
The B4C consortium (B4C = Biomass for Conversion) will demonstrate the LT-CFB technology via a
6 MWth gasifier for co-firing difficult biomass (e.g.
straw and solid slurry) into Boiler No. 2 at Asnæs
Power Station. The long-term aim is to enable design, operation and sale of commercial full-scale
LT-CFB systems.
Funded projects · Biomass
ECOSORT – Sorting of industrial waste
Pr. manager:
Contact:
Participants:
FORCE Technology
Torben Sevel · ts@force.dk
tel.: +45 43 26 74 85
nomi i/s
DKK 2,061,532
PSO:
Total budget: DKK 5,360,587
Completion: 1st quarter 2012
Co-funding of ECOSORT (EU CIP Eco-innovation).
Documentation of environmental and financial
advantages of sensor-based sorting of industrial
waste for co-combustion. Partners: FORCE Technology, nomi i/s Outputs: Full scale 1. gen. sorting
machine, techological, environmental, financial
evaluations, contacts to European customers,
targeted information dissemination.
ForskEL - 10448
BioSOFC Third-generation Biomass CHP
The Biosystems Division at Risø DTU
Ulrik Henriksen · ubhe@risoe.dtu.dk
tel.: +45 45 25 41 72
Participants: DTU Mechanical Engineering, Fuel Cells and Solid
State Chemistry Division at Risø DTU, Topsoe
Fuel Cell
DKK 5,000,000
PSO:
Total budget: DKK 11,929,000
Completion: 1st quarter 2013
Pr. manager:
Contact:
The project aims to investigate the combination of
biomass gasification with SOFC in an efficient decentralised, flexible energy system for small-scale
combined heat and power production. The project
work includes design, construction and long-term
operation of a gasifier-SOFC stack test set-up, analysis of performance and system analysis.
ForskEL - 10456
Monitoring tar contents in gases
Pr. manager:
Contact:
Participants:
ChimneyLab Europe ApS
Finn Petersen · finn.petersen@chimneylab.dk
tel.: +45 86 91 55 42
BioSynergi Proces
DKK 575,000
PSO:
Total budget: DKK 721,000
Completion: 2nd quarter 2011
This project will examine the possibilities of continuous tar content monitoring in product gas from
thermal gasification by means of UV-spectroscopy.
The method will avoid expensive shut-downs and
repairs due to too high tar contents in inlet gas to
gas engines, tar cracking catalyst, fuel cells and
gas to liquid fuel catalysts.
ForskEL - 10479
Preliminary study – Next Generation of High-Efficient Waste Incinerators
DTU Chemical Engineering
Flemming J. Frandsen · ff@kt.dtu.dk
tel.: +45 45 25 28 83
Participants: RenoSam, Amagerforbrænding, Vestforbræn­­
ding, DTU Environment, Rambøll, Babcock &
Wilcox Vølund, DTU Mechanical Engineering
DKK 500,000
PSO:
Total budget: DKK 500,000
Completion: 4th quarter 2010
Pr. manager:
Contact:
The main aim of the project is to investigate and
further document the current need for research
application on improved electrical efficiency in
CHP plants fired with waste on a grate.
ForskEL - 10487
Pilot plant for low-cost carbon removal from biogases
Pr. manager:
Contact:
AMMONGAS A/S
Anker Jacobsen · aji@cool.dk
tel.: +45 43 63 63 00
DKK 360,000
PSO:
Total budget: DKK 600,000
Completion: 2nd quarter 2011
The purpose of the project is to develop, demonstrate and verify an inexpensive type of water/
amin scrubbing method for carbon removal, thus
generating gas of a quality comparable to natural
gas in respect of impurities and heat value that
will be attractive to introduce into the natural gas
system.
ForskEL - 10513
energy · RESEARCH · DEVELOPMENT · DEMONSTRATION · 2010
53
Funded projects · Biomass
Hydrocarbon Selective Catalytic Reduction
Pr. manager:
Contact:
Participants:
ForskEL - 10521
DTU Chemical Engineering
Anker Degn Jensen · aj@kt.dtu.dk
tel.: +45 45 25 28 41
DTU Chemistry
DKK 3,961,000
PSO:
Total budget: DKK 3,961,000
Completion: 2nd quarter 2013
The purpose of this project is to synthesise,
characterise and test new catalysts for selective
catalytic reduction of NOX based on hydrocarbons
as a reducing agent instead of ammonia, including
their resistance to alkali metals. The project aim
is to discover effective long-life SCR catalysts for
biomass power stations.
Optimising phase 4: Long-time testing and performance evaluation
DONG Energy Power A/S
Kristian B. Poulsen · krbop@dongenergy.dk
tel.: +45 99 55 41 9
Participants: FORCE Technology, I/S Reno Nord,
Babcock & Wilcox Vølund A/S
DKK 2,002,000
PSO:
Total budget: DKK 3,443,000
Completion: 3rd quarter 2012
Pr. manager:
Contact:
ForskEL - 10522
The vision of the project is to develop a system for
online optimisation of waste incineration. The overall
idea is that the system is to be based on advanced
measuring technology, dynamic process models and
advanced adjustment technology. The purpose is
initiation and long-term testing of a comprehensive
concept at Haderslev CHP plant and Reno-Nord.
Framework for interaction between biogas and natural gas grids
Naturgas Midt-Nord I/S
Torben Kvist Jensen · tkj@dgc.dk
tel.: +45 21 46 95 06
Participants: Danish Gas Technology Centre, 1st Mile, Danish
District Heating Association, Ringkøbing-Skjern
Municipality, Rolls Royce, Wärtsila, GE Jenbacher
DKK 1,407,500
PSO:
Total budget: DKK 2,345,300
Completion: 1st quarter 2011
Pr. manager:
Contact:
ForskNG - 10529
The purpose is to clarify advantages and disadvantages of a large biogas grid supplying major
customers. The biogas grid will be connected to
the natural gas grid. The project focuses on, e.g.,
required balance services related to the natural
gas grid, technical and legal issues and financial
aspects. This is an elucidating project without
demonstration or test.
Digestion of waste containing high ammonia levels
Pr. manager:
Contact:
ForskEL - 10537
DTU Environment
Dimitar Karakashev · dbk@env.dtu.dk
tel.: +45 45 25 14 46
DKK 2,042,000
PSO:
Total budget: DKK 2,448,000
Completion: 4th quarter 2011
One of the main causes for imbalance in Danish
biogas plants is the high ammonia load. Ammonia
mainly inhibits acetate-utilising methanogens.
There is, however, another option, acetate oxidation that converts acetate to CH4, which is less
liable to ammonia inhibition. We will develop a
new approach to avoid ammonia inhibition by use
of acetate oxidation.
Large-scale utilisation of biopellets for energy application
Danish Technological Institute.
Chemistry and Biotechnology
Jonas Dahl · jonas.dahl@teknologisk.dk
Contact:
tel.: +45 72 20 24 22
Participants: DBI - Danish Institute of Fire and Security
Technology, AAU-Esbjerg, Vattenfall, Verdo
(formerly: Energi Randers), SP Technical
Research Institute of Sweden, DONG Energy
DKK 5,391,000
PSO:
Total budget: DKK 11,938,000
Completion: 1st quarter 2013
Pr. manager:
ForskEL - 10541
54
energy · RESEARCH · DEVELOPMENT · DEMONSTRATION · 2010
The research project aims at testing and describing
relevant steps in the entire biofuel pellet supply
chain, including schemes for import of sustainable biofuel pellets, new competences in on-line
sampling of suspended biopowder from pulverised biopellets and new knowledge on storage,
self-heating and self-ignition in large-scale pellet
storage facilities.
Funded projects · Biomass
B4C – Biomass for Conversion operation
Pr. manager:
Contact:
Participants:
DONG Energy A/S
Anders Dan Boisen · andbo@dongenergy.dk
tel.: +45 99 55 76 72
DFBT ApS, Calderys
DKK 11,000,000
PSO:
Total budget: DKK 37,791,000
Completion: 4th quarter 2013
The B4C consortium (B4C = Biomass for Conversion) will demonstrate the LT-CFB technology via a
6 MWth gasifier for co-firing difficult biomass (e.g.
straw and solid slurry) into Boiler No. 2 at Asnæs
Power Station. The long-term aim is to enable the
design, operation and selling of commercial fullscale LT-CFB systems.
ForskVE - 10565
Demonstrating 500 kWe two-stage gasifier
Pr. manager:
Contact:
Participants:
WEISS A/S
Bjarne Skyum · bjs@weiss-as.dk
tel.: +45 40 40 54 92
Biosystems Division at Risø DTU,
Hillerød Fjernvarme
This project commissions the 500 kW gasifier
in the town of Hillerød. The aim is to utilise the
experience gathered from the pilot system in
the town of Hadsund and develop the system to
increase operational stability.
DKK 5,000,000
PSO:
Total budget: DKK 12,809,000
Completion: 1st quarter 2013
ForskEL - 10566
Demonstration of cost-effective biogas production from manure by use of
new pre-separation technology and enzyme liquefaction
Nordic BioEnergy ApS
Per Thostrup · perthostrup@web.de
tel.: +45 23 86 88 86
Participants: Morsø Bioenergi AmbA, Novozymes, Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Environmental Engineering-AAU, NIRAS, CoMeTas
DKK 7,999,000
EDDP:
Total budget: DKK 14,526,000
Completion: 3rd quarter 2012
Pr. manager:
Contact:
Using new separation technology and developing
a new ultrafiltration system for the liquid part of
pig and cattle slurry as well as enzyme treatment
systems for the solid parts, the RETROGAS project
will demonstrate profitable biogas production
exclusively based on farmyard manure and slurry.
The technology will be demonstrated at farm level
and on biogas systems.
ENS-63011-0219
Increasing biogas production by removing ammonia from biogas reactors
Pr. manager:
Contact:
Participants:
Faculty of Agricultural Sciences-AU
Henrik B. Møller · HenrikB.Moller@agrsci.dk
tel.: +45 89 99 19 00
BioScent
DKK 850,000
EDDP:
Total budget: DKK 1,347,000
Completion: 1st quarter 2011
The projects aims at verifying the hypothesis
that biogas output can be increased by 20% in
thermophilic reactors by minimising ammonia
inhibition, which is considered a serious challenge
to optimising the energy content of farmyard
manure and slurry. Effectively removing ammonia,
a membrane technology will be developed and
tested in a 10 cubic metre biogas reactor.
ENS-64009-0020
Identifying microorganisms for manure processing optimisation at biogas plants
Pr. manager:
Contact:
Participants:
Xergi A/S. Process Research
Anders Peter Jensen · apje@xergi.com
tel.: +45 99 35 16 00
Novozymes A/S
DKK 1,861,000
EDDP:
Total budget: DKK 3,722,000
Completion: 1st quarter 2011
The project aims at increasing farmyard manure
decomposition from 50% to 75% through a
composting-like treatment of the slowly degradeable part of manure to make biogas systems
fed with pure manure competitive compared to
systems fed with energy-intensive waste. First,
the technology will be tested in pilot-scale and
subsequently in full-scale.
ENS-64009-0051
energy · RESEARCH · DEVELOPMENT · DEMONSTRATION · 2010
55
Funded projects · Biomass
Increased and adjustable biogas production
Institute of Food and Resource Economics-KU
Kurt Hjort-Gregersen · foi@foi.dk
tel.: +45 35 33 68 00
Participants: Faculty of Agricultural Sciences-AU, Baanlev
Biogas A/S, Linko Gas Amba, Vester Hjermitslev
Energiselskab, Vegger Energiselskab
DKK 4,402,000
EDDP:
Total budget: DKK 8,809,000
Completion: 1st quarter 2013
Pr. manager:
Contact:
ENS-64009-0203
Proposal for national action plan to develop and demonstrate
in the field of solid biofuel CHP
DI Bioenergi
Kristine van het Erve Grunnet · keg@di.dk
tel.: +45 33 77 33 69
Participants: FORCE Technology, Babcock & Wilcox Vølund A/S,
B&W Energi A/S, Hollesen Energi, LIN-KA ENERGY
A/S, Stirling Danmark, Aalborg Energie Technik,
C. F. Nielsen
DKK 850,000
EDDP:
Total budget: DKK 1,584,000
Completion: 4th quarter 2010
Pr. manager:
Contact:
ENS-64009-0206
The project will test and demonstrate on full scale
whether pre-separated fibre fraction and storageproof energy crops can contribute to increase and
regulate biogas production on joint biogas plants.
Concurrently, as part of the endeavours to regulate
production, laboratory and pilot-scale tests are to
determine the limits for organic load.
The project will prepare proposals for a strategybased action plan to develop and demonstrate
biomass-based CHP generation to pave the way
for a technological leap and thus strengthen the
international competitiveness of Danish biomass
technology. The proposal will be discussed at a
mini-conference in 2010.
IEA Task 43: Biomass Feedstocks for Energy Markets 2010–2012
Pr. manager:
Contact:
Forest & Landscape at LIFE-KU
Vivian Kvist Johannsen · vkj@life.ku.dk
tel.: +45 35 33 15 01
DKK 360,000
EDDP:
Total budget: DKK 480,000
Completion: 1st quarter 2013
ENS-64009-0216
The project funds Danish participation in IEA Task
43. Task 43 will focus on interrelations between
biofuel production and the energy markets seen
from environmental and financial points of view.
System analyses on fuel types, cultivation, land
use, biofuel harvesting and handling will be
conducted.
Communicating bioenergy research results
Pr. manager:
Contact:
BioPress
Torben Skøtt · biopress@biopress.dk
tel.: +45 86 17 85 07
DKK 792,000
EDDP:
Total budget: DKK 1,760,000
Completion: 2nd quarter 2012
ENS-64009-0228
The project communicates research results in the
fields of bioenergy, micro CHP, hydrogen and fuel
cells. This is done through publicising the magazine Forskning i Bioenergi (Bioenergy Research),
electronic newsletters, constantly updating news
and debate on www.bioforskning.dk and establishing a database of articles, completed projects,
etc.
Participation in IEA Bioenergy Tasks 39 and 42 in 2010-2012
Pr. manager:
Contact:
ENS-64009-0229
56
Centre for Forest, Landscape and Planning
at LIFE-KU
Henning Jørgensen · hnj@life.ku.dk
tel.: +45 35 33 15 00
DKK 392,000
EDDP:
Total budget: DKK 522,000
Completion: 1st quarter 2013
energy · RESEARCH · DEVELOPMENT · DEMONSTRATION · 2010
The project funds Danish participation in the two
international networks under IEA Bioenergy, Task
39 “Commercialisation of 1st and 2nd Generation Liquid Biofuels from Biomass” and Task 42
“Biorefineries: Co-production of Fuels, Chemicals,
Power and Materials from Biomass” in the period
2010 to 2012.
Projects in progress · Biomass
Project no.
Project title
Project manager
Contact
Funding
Completion
2104-04-0002
Biogas production from energy crops
Biosystems Division
at Risø DTU
Jens Ejbye Schmidt,
jeej@risoe.dtu.dk
tel.: +45 46 77 41 95
DKK
2,000,000
2nd quarter
2010
Project no.
Project title
Project manager
Contact
Funding
Completion
ForskEL 4881
Modelling of bioboilers
in second-generation cofiring
Dong Energy A/S
Rudolph Bloom
rblum@dongenergy.dk
tel.: +45 76 22 00 00
DKK
11,774,000
4th quarter
2010
ForskEL 5296
Long-term deactivation test of HD SCR
catalysts by straw co-combustion
Dong Energy A/S
Charles Nielsen
chani@dongenergy.dk
tel.: +45 76 22 24 10
DKK
2,048,100
2nd quarter
2010
ForskEL 5317
Pretreatment and recirculation
of wood ash
Danish Forest and
Landscape Research
Institute-KU
Simon Skov
skovsimon@gmail.com
tel.: +45 45 76 32 00
DKK
5,135,000
2nd quarter
2011
ForskEL 5806
Material development for
waste-to-energy plants
Dong Energy A/S
Ole Hede Larsen
olehl@dongenergy.dk
tel.: +45 99 55 40 91
DKK
6,397,000
4th quarter
2010
ForskEL 6364
Particles in the near burner field
Department of Energy Lasse Rosendahl
Technology-AAU
lar@iet.aau.dk
tel.: +45 96 35 92 60
DKK
3,919,600
3rd quarter
2010
ForskEL 6368
Improved efficiency and slag quality
at waste incineration plants
CHEC-DTU Chemical
Engineering
Peter Arendt Jensen
paj@kt.dtu.dk
tel.: +45 45 25 28 40
DKK
4,067,000
3rd quarter
2010
ForskEL 6415
Implementation of online volatile
fatty acids sensor for control and
optimisation of anaerobic process
for low-cost biogas
DTU Environment
Irini Angelidaki
ria@er.dtu.dk
tel.: +45 45 25 14 30
DKK
1,660,700
2nd quarter
2010
ForskEL 6437
Flexible 75 kW Stirling CHP for biofuels
with low emissions and high fuel
efficiency
Stirling.dk ApS
Henrik Carlsen
hc@stirling.dk
tel.: +45 45 25 41 70
DKK
3,189,000
2nd quarter
2010
ForskEL 6511
High-pressure corrosion investigation
AVV2 bioboiler
Dong Energy A/S
Peter Simonsen
petsi@dongenergy.dk
tel.: +45 44 80 66 30
DKK
6,800,000
4th quarter
2010
ForskEL 6522
Optimisation of grate combustion
by means of an IR-camera
Dong Energy A/S
Helge Didriksen
heldi@dongenergy.dk
tel.: +45 44 80 64 30
DKK
1,000,000
2nd quarter
2010
ForskEL 7171
Oxy-fuel combustion for below zero
CO2 emissions
DTU Chemical
Engineering
Anker Degn Jensen
aj@kt.dtu.dk
tel.: +45 45 25 28 40
DKK
1,943,000
2nd quarter
2010
ForskEL 7217
Characterisation and quantification
of deposits build-up and removal in
straw suspension fired boilers
CHEC-DTU Chemical
Engineering
Peter Arendt Jensen
paj@kt.dtu.dk
tel.: +45 45 25 28 50
DKK
3,048,000
3rd quarter
2011
ForskEL 7318
Alternative alkali resistant deNOX
technologies
DTU Chemistry
Rasmus Fehrmann
rf@kemi.dtu.dk
tel.: +45 45 25 23 90
DKK
3,132,300
3rd quarter
2010
ForskEL 7319
New IR-UV gas sensor to energy
and transport sector
Plasma Physics and
Technology Programme at Risø DTU
Sønnik Clausen
sqcl@risoe.dtu.dk
tel.: +45 46 77 45 20
DKK 287,000 2nd quarter
2010
ForskEL 7333
Combustion zone investigation
DONG Energy
Søren Lovmand Hvid
soloh@dongenergy.dk
tel.: +45 99 55 29 13
DKK
3,000,000
4th quarter
2010
ForskEL 7336
Online operations optimisation of
waste incineration plants – phase 3
DONG Energy A/S
Tommy Mølbak
tommo@dongenergy.dk
tel.: +45 79 23 30 30
DKK
3,528,000
3rd quarter
2010
ForskEL 7355
Pre-normative research on solid
biofuels
Danish Technological
Institute
Lars Nikolaisen
lsn@teknologisk.dk
tel.: +45 72 20 13 00
DKK 739,000 2nd quarter
2010
energy · RESEARCH · DEVELOPMENT · DEMONSTRATION · 2010
57
Funded projects · Biomass
58
Project no.
Project title
Project manager
Contact
ForskEL 7504
LT_CFB gasifier, improvement
and commercialisation
CatScience DFBT
Peder Stoholm
DKK
Peder.Stoholm@CATScience.dk 4,000,000
tel.: +45 46 74 02 30
ForskEL 10025
Full-scale demonstration of staged
gasification plant
BioSynergi Proces ApS Henrik Houmann Jakobsen
hhj@biosynergi.dk
tel.: +45 45 86 14 30
DKK
3,000,000
2nd quarter
2010
ForskEL 10050
Energy production from marine
biomass (Ulva lactuca)
Danish Technological
Institute
Peter Daugbjerg Jensen
peter.daugbjerg.jensen@
teknologisk.dk
tel.: +45 72 20 10 00
DKK
8,500,000
4th quarter
2011
ForskEL 10069
Advanced diagnostics on Oxy-fuel
combustion processes
DTU Chemical
Engineering
Anker Degn Jensen
aj@kt.dtu.dk
tel.: +45 45 25 28 40
DKK
1,784,000
3rd quarter
2010
ForskEL 10077
Treatment of lignin and waste
residues by flash pyrolysis
CHEC-DTU Chemical
Engineering
Peter Arendt Jensen
paj@kt.dtu.dk
tel.: +45 45 25 28 50
DKK
2,433,000
4th quarter
2011
ForskEL 10078
Real-time control of biogas reactors
Danish Technological
Institute
Ejner Paaske Jensen
DKK
ejner.paaske@teknologisk.dk 2,875,000
tel.: +45 72 20 19 40
3rd quarter
2010
ForskEL 10079
Fast optical measurements
and imaging of flow mixing
Plasma Physics and
Technology Programme at Risø DTU
Sønnik Clausen
sqcl@risoe.dtu.dk
tel.: +45 46 77 45 20
DKK 347,000 2nd quarter
2010
ForskEL 10085
Co-Firing of Coal and RDF
in Suspension
DTU Chemical
Engineering
Flemming J. Frandsen
ff@kt.dtu.dk
tel.: +45 45 25 28 80
DKK
3,033,000
4th quarter
2010
ForskEL 10111
Working up phosphate from ashes
Kommunekemi a/s
Tina Johnsen
tin@kommunekemi.dk
tel.: +45 63 31 71 60
DKK
2,700,000
1st quarter
2011
ForskEL 10115
Full-scale demonstration of serial
operation
Lemvig Biogasanlæg
Amba
Lars Kristensen
lars@lemvigbiogas.dk
tel.: +45 97 81 14 00
DKK 657,422 2nd quarter
2010
ForskEL 10128
BioTrans
Frederikshavn Vand
René Hansen
rh@frederikshavn.dk
tel.: +45 98 45 60 00
DKK
4,119,000
3rd quarter
2010
ForskEL 10131
Staged gasification.
Experience collection
BioSynergi Proces ApS Henrik Houmann Jakobsen
hhj@biosynergi.dk
tel.: +45 45 86 14 30
DKK
1,400,000
2nd quarter
2010
ForskEL 10202
Torrefaction of Biomass
Danish Technological
Institute
Jonas Dahl
jonas.dahl@teknologisk.dk
tel.: +45 72 20 20 00
DKK
5,192,790
4th quarter
2011
ForskEL 10204
Demonstration of 500 kWe
two-stage gasifier
weiss as
Bjarne Skyum
bjs@weiss-as.dk
tel.: +45 96 52 04 44
DK
10,000,000
4th quarter
2011
ForskEL 10209
FiberMaxBiogas
CBB-AAU
Hinrich Uellendahl
hu@bio.aau.dk
tel.: +45 99 40 25 80
DKK
5,000,000
2nd quarter
2011
ForskEL 10213
Biogenic Carbon in Danish
Combustible Waste
DTU Environment
Thomas Astrup
tha@env.dtu.dk
tel.: +45 45 25 15 58
DKK
1,900,000
4th quarter
2011
ForskEL 10231
Optimisation of a titration method
for monitoring of VFA
DTU Environment
Irini Angelidaki
ria@env.dtu.dk
tel.: +45 45 25 14 30
DKK 871,175 2nd quarter
2010
ForskEL 10246
IR tomography in hot gas flows
Plasma Physics and
Technology Programme at Risø DTU
Sønnik Clausen
sqcl@risoe.dtu.dk
tel.: +45 46 77 50 00
DKK 394,866 3rd quarter
2012
ForskEL 10255
Solutions for foaming problems
in biogas plants
DTU Environment
Irini Angelidaki
ria@env.dtu.dk
tel.: +45 45 25 14 30
DKK
2,486,300
energy · RESEARCH · DEVELOPMENT · DEMONSTRATION · 2010
Funding
Completion
2nd quarter
2010
3rd quarter
2012
Projects in progress · Biomass
Project no.
Project title
Project manager
Contact
Funding
Completion
ForskEL 10267
LT-CFB demonstration plant
DONG Energy A/S
Rasmus Glar Nielsen
ragni@dongenergy.dk
tel.: +45 99 55 30 00
DKK
3,200,000
2nd quarter
2010
ForskNG 10294 Biogas potentials in manure
and effect of pre-treatment
Faculty of Agricultural Henrik B. Møller
Sciences-AU
henrikb.moller@agrsci.dk
tel.: +45 89 99 19 00
DKK
3,014,000
4th quarter
2010
Project no.
Project title
Project manager
Contact
Funding
Completion
ENS33031-0029
Process imbalance in biogas plants
and strategies for prevention and
recovery of the biogas process
DTU Environment
Irini Angelidaki
ria@er.dtu.dk
tel.: +45 45 25 14 29
DKK
1,878,000
2nd quarter
2010
ENS33032-0008
Wood pellets and work environment
Danish Forest and
Landscape Research
Institute-KU
Simon Skov
ssk@life.ku.dk
tel.: +45 40 17 50 40
DKK 797,000 2nd quarter
2011
ENS33032-0109
IEA bioenergy agreement task 33:
FORCE Technology
Thermal Gasification of Biomass. National
Danish representation 2006-2007
Anders Evald
aev@force.dk
72 15 77 50
DKK 160,000 4th quarter
2010
ENS33033-0089
Optimisation of biomass-fired heating
plants by air moisturising
COWI A/S
Jens Dall Bentzen
jdb@dallenergy.dk
tel.: +45 29 87 22 22
DKK 400,000 2nd quarter
2010
ENS33033-0161
Efficient and low-disturbing biofuels
policies (ELOBIO)
COWI A/S. Department Henrik Duer
of Environmental
hdu@cowi.dk
Economics and Social
tel.: +45 45 97 22 11
DKK 340,000 2nd quarter
2010
ENS33033-0227
Advanced understanding of
pelletisation
Biosystems Division
at Risø DTU
Kim Pilegaard
kipi@risoe.dtu.dk
tel.: +45 46 77 41 01
DKK
3,181,000
ENS63011-0022
IEA Renewable Energy Technologies,
Bioenergy Agreement Task 37: Energy
from biogas and landfill gas
Centre for BioenergySDU
Theodorita Al Seadi
tas@bio.sdu.dk
tel.: +45 65 50 41 68
DKK 446,000 4th quarter
2010
ENS63011-0081
Biomass and biofuel-based
polygeneration for off-grid and
grid-connected operation
Stirling Danmark ApS
Jesper Noes
jn@stirling.dk
tel.: +45 45 25 93 70
DKK
4,990,000
ENS63011-0114
EUBIONET III: Solutions for biomass
fuel market barriers and raw material
availability
Danish Technological
Institute. Centre for
Renewable Energy
and Transport
Jørgen Hinge
DKK 314,000 3rd quarter
2011
jorgen.hinge@teknologisk.dk
tel.: +45 72 20 13 24
ENS63011-0222
Promotion of research results
within bioenergy
BioPress
Torben Skøtt
biopress@biopress.dk
tel.: +45 86 17 85 07
1st quarter
2011
1st quarter
2011
DKK 600,000 2nd quarter
2010
Completed projects · Biomass
Residential Wood Combustion and the interaction between technology,
user and environment (WOODUSE)
Pr. manager:
DCSR:
Result:
DMU-AU · Ole Hertel, tel.: +45 46 30 12 00
DKK 5,000,000
Completed 4th quarter 2008
The project dealt with many aspects of the interplay between wood burning, user and the environment. It conducted a series of surveys on health effects of firewood smoke particles. The project
examined sociological and financial factors relevant to use of wood-burning stoves. An intensive measuring campaign clarified the effect from woodburning on air quality in a selected area. The results
were combined with model calculations to provide improved basis for mapping the contribution of
stoves to air pollution. The project studied the effect of possible measures aimed at limiting particle
emission from wood burning. Website: http://wooduse.dmu.dk
DCSR · 2104-05-0010
energy · RESEARCH · DEVELOPMENT · DEMONSTRATION · 2010
59
Completed projects · Biomass
Environmentally sustainable utilisation of waste resources
for energy production (ENSUWE)
Pr. manager:
DCSR:
Result:
DCSR · 2104-05-0019
DTU Environment · Thomas Astrup · tel.: +45 45 25 15 58
DKK 2,610,819
Completed 4th quarter 2009
As the first of its kind in Denmark, the project combined energy system analysis with life-cycle analysis
(LCA) of energy production from waste. The project expanded existing Danish energy models with a view
specifically to model energy generation from waste. The project systematically developed the LCA method
approach to enable it to comprise downstream energy substitutions from waste, including in particular
effects on electricity and heat generation. The project evaluated the energy and environmental qualities of
several waste technologies and also the possibility for fitting them into the energy system.
HIPWOODS – Health effects related to exposure to indoor particle pollution
from wood-burning stoves
Pr. manager:
DCSR:
Result:
DCSR · 2104-05-0045
Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine-AU
Torben Sigsgaard · tel.: +45 89 42 61 63
DKK 1,800,000
Completed 4th quarter 2009
The project aimed at highlighting possible health effects of firewood smoke in people exposed to
various concentrations of firewood smoke. The project performed several subjective and objective
measurements on volunteers with a view to mapping any effects. The project found no severe effects
like diseases or changes to the respiratory function. The project is therefore now testing whether
exposure to firewood smoke has triggered sub-clinical inflammation, which may be the early stages
of diseases before visible symptoms arise.
Quality systems for solid biofuels
Pr. manager:
PSO:
Result:
ForskEL - 4115
DONG Energy · Charles Nielsen · tel.: +45 76 22 24 10
DKK 4,589,000
Completed 2nd quarter 2009
The project has experimentally tested several methods for sampling, test reduction and volume
weight determination, ash melting point, particle size, moisture content, elements and QA of solid
biofuels. The project tested several biofuels with particular focus on the most popular or the types
that have proven most difficult to characterise. The results have provided data, recommendations and
validations for the parallel standardisation work in CEN.
Materials problems related to large-scale biomass firing
Pr. manager:
PSO:
Result:
ForskEL - 5293
Dong Energy A/S · Charles Nielsen · tel.: +45 76 22 24 10
DKK 4,098,000
Completed 2nd quarter 2009
The project studied oxidation behaviour of TP 347H and X20 in steam in field/laboratory testing and
thermodynamic/kinetic modelling. TP 347H: The interior of the alloy grains oxidise internally forming
particles of Fe-Cr spinel and Ni/Fe. Ni/Fe forms a network, enabling fast transport of oxygen.
FeCr2O4/Cr2O3 forms along the former alloy grain boundaries. Growth of this layer dominates be­
tween 7720-29588 h. Higher temperatures enhance Cr-diffusion towards the oxidation front, as confirmed by 2D diffusion modelling. This explaining why the overall growth seems independent of time
and temperature. X2O: The inner layer grows by internal oxidation at 500 and 600°C, first converting
M23C6 then forming Fe-Cr spinel in between these particles. Alternating layers of Cr-rich and Cr-poor
oxide forms at 700°C.
Cl corrosion initiated by deposits in biomass-fired boilers
Pr. manager:
PSO:
Result:
ForskEL - 5820
60
DTU Chemical Engineering · Kim Dam-Johansen · tel.: +45 45 25 28 40
DKK 2,407,200 Completed 2nd quarter 2009
The PSO Project 5820 aimed to study deposit-induced Cl corrosion under well-controlled laboratory
conditions, simulating the conditions in biomass-fired boilers. This was done by exposing pieces of
superheater tubes covered by synthetic salts to temperatures and gas mixtures simulating biomass-fired
conditions. The corroded specimens were studied in detail using a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM),
to determine the corrosion rate and investigate the chemistry and morphology of the corrosive attack.
energy · RESEARCH · DEVELOPMENT · DEMONSTRATION · 2010
Completed projects · Biomass
Waste incineration residues
Pr. manager:
PSO:
Result:
Dong Energy A/S · Charles Nielsen · tel.: +45 76 22 24 10
DKK 4,247,000
Completed 2nd quarter 2009
The primary objective of the project was to improve the understanding of formation and characteristics
of waste incineration residue. The project had specific focus on the importance of waste input and mode
of operation. The aim was to cover all aspects of waste incineration: from the characteristics of incoming
waste, through combustion processes and ash formation in the furnace/boiler system, deposit formation
and corrosion aspects, to final air emissions and leaching properties of the generated residues. The
project focused on a full-scale measurement campaign at the FASAN incinerator in Næstved. The project
sampled bottom ash and fly ash particle and measured gases, aerosols and deposit build-up.
ForskEL - 5784
Running in and regulation of two-stage pilot plant
Pr. manager:
PSO:
Result:
Weiss A/S · Bjarne Skyum · tel.: +45 96 52 04 50
DKK 2,999,500
Completed 1st quarter 2010
With assistance from DTU and COWI A/S, Weiss A/S established a pilot gasification test plant with
nominal capacity of 600 kW thermal power (ForskEL Project 6529). The plant is an upscaled version of
the VIKING gasifier.
This project commissioned the plant and demonstrated that it can run unmanned and stable. The
positive results enabled Weiss to decide to establish a large-scale demonstration plant.
ForskEL - 6325
Optimised operation of engines running on gasification gas
Pr. manager:
PSO:
Result:
DTU Mechanical Engineering · Ulrik Henriksen · tel.: +45 45 25 19 69
DKK 1,969,000
Completed 4th quarter 2009
Experimental investigations were conducted on two identical small-scale SI gas engine generator sets
operating on biomass-produced gas from thermal wood gasification. The engines operated with two
different compression ratios, one with the original compression ratio for natural gas operation 9.5:1,
and the other with a compression ratio of 18.5:1 (converted diesel engine).
The project proved that the engine could operate at high compression ratio SI when operating on this
specific biomass-produced gas. The results showed an increase in electrical efficiency from 30% to
34% at increased compression ratio.
ForskEL - 6536
Guideline for safe and eco-friendly Biomass Gasification
Pr. manager:
PSO:
Result:
COWI A/S · Thomas Engberg Pedersen · tel.: +45 45 97 22 25
DKK 426,140
Completed 1st quarter 2010
The project is a joint European project, the main objective of the Gasification Guide project being to
accelerate the market penetration for small-scale biomass gasification systems (< 5 MW fuel power) by developing a Guideline and Software Tool to facilitate risk assessment of HSE aspects. The Guideline may also
be applied for retrofitting or converting old thermal plants in eastern Europe – with rich biomass resources
– into new gasification plants. The objective of the document is to guide key target groups in identifying
potential hazards and make proper risk assessments. The software tool is an additional aid for risk assessments. The ForskEL programme supported the Danish contribution to the joint European project.
ForskEL - 6861
Dioxin and degradation mechanisms – combustion
Pr. manager:
PSO:
Result:
RAMBØLL A/S · Peter Heymann Andersen · tel.: +45 45 98 84 60
DKK 1,410,296
Completed 1st quarter 2010
The developed CFD model shows qualitative and quantitative correlation between the model and
experiments in a lab scale reactor. When the developed model was implemented in the full-scale
plant, it proved impossible to obtain quantitative correlation between model results and dioxin
measurements in ash samples. However, the project found a reasonable qualitative correlation.
ForskEL - 7170
energy · RESEARCH · DEVELOPMENT · DEMONSTRATION · 2010
61
Completed projects · Biomass
Nanotechnology-based Surface Treatment for Corrosion Protection
Pr. manager:
PSO:
Result:
ForskEL - 7467
Vattenfall · Tommy Vilhelmsen · tel.: +45 65 68 44 20
DKK 1,051,000
Completed 2nd quarter 2009
Nanotechnology can provide possibilities for obtaining new valuable information regarding performance and corrosion protection in power plants. In general, the desired performance of the contact surfaces is an easy-to-release effect. The idea is to prolong the time interval between cleaning periods or
make cleaning procedures easier and less expensive. Corrosion protection is also desired to extend the
lifetime of various power plant parts and thus optimise plant energy output and overall efficiency. The
project tested functional sol-gel coating based on nanotechnology in a variety of conditions.
Tar removal from low-temperature gasifiers
Pr. manager:
PSO:
Result:
ForskEL - 10036
Dall Energy · Jens Dall Bentzen · tel.: +45 29 87 22 22
DKK 3,100,000
Completed 1st quarter 2010
In the project two gas-cleaning technologies were adapted and tested in connection with lowtemperature gasification. The two technologies are the OLGA tar removal technology developed by
the Dutch partners in the project and the cooling, filtration and partial oxidation developed by the
Danish partners in the project. This project aimed at assessing the technical and financial suitability of
two up-scalable tar removal methods (OLGA and Partial Oxidation) connected to high-efficiency lowtemperature gasification. Suitability opens the way to high-efficient and high fuel-flexible biomass
gasification systems to be connected to gas engines, gas turbines, fuel cells or catalytic synthesis gas
reactors.The project is a project in the joint ERA-NET Bioenergy gasification call. The ForskEL programme supported the Danish participants in the joint project.
Biogas to the grid
Pr. manager:
PSO:
Result:
ForskNG - 10124
Danish Gas Technology Centre a/s · Per Jensen · tel.: +45 87 27 87 27
DKK 1,609,000
Completed 4th quarter 2009
Technology for biogas upgrading to natural gas quality is available and is practised today, particularly
in Sweden. However, several barriers hamper this shift in Denmark. The project briefly describes
how biogas can be cleaned of various undesired components and assesses upgrade costs, energy
consumption, methane emission and framework conditions for biogas upgrading. The project also
describes challenges in grid control and operation..
Precision management of biogas plant
Pr. manager:
ERP:
Result:
ENS-33031-0028
Faculty of Agricultural Sciences-AU · Henrik B. Møller · tel.: +45 89 99 19 00
DKK 1,891,000
Completed 3rd quarter 2009
Tests in the Research Centre Foulum reactors show promising results for pre-hydrolysis application
and serial operation to increase methane yield from both pig and cattle slurries. The project achieved
between 5 and 26% increases in yield. Work will continue in a ForskNG project. Ammonia is a serious
inhibitor for the biogas process, and, during the project, tests have proven that methane production
halves when ammonia concentration doubles. The project developed a new method for ammonia
removal, which will be upgraded in a new EDDP project. Finally, the project conducted promising tests
with online process parameter measurements.
Presentation of results in bioenergy research
Pr. manager:
ERP:
Result:
ENS-33032-0121/
ENS-33033-0016
62
BioPress · Torben Skøtt · tel.: +45 86 17 34 07
DKK 1,425,000
Completed 2nd quarter 2009
Research results were communicated in a magazine in Danish and English. Both versions are posted on the
website, www.biopress.dk. The Danish version was also distributed to about 3,400 subscribers. The project
also produced and distributed a 12-page magazine and eight 16-page magazines. Additionally, news
were continuously posted on the website, www.biopress.dk. The project had excellent dialogues with the
scientists who appreciated the communication abilities of the project.
energy · RESEARCH · DEVELOPMENT · DEMONSTRATION · 2010
Completed projects · Biomass
Participation in IEA bioenergy task “Biorefineries: Co-production of fuels,
(CH) Power and Materials from Biomass” 2007-2009
Pr. manager:
ERP:
Result:
Centre for Forest, Landscape and Planning at LIFE-KU · Henning Jørgensen · tel.: +45 35 33 15 01
DKK 300,000
Completed 1st quarter 2010
The project handles the Danish participation in the two international networks IEA Bioenergy: Task 39,
“Commercialisation of 1st and 2nd Generation Liquid Biofuels from Biomass” and Task 42, “Biorefineries: Co-production of Fuels, Chemicals, Power and Materials from Biomass”. Task 42 prepared a clear
definition of biorefineries and a systematic classification system able to cover all differing types of
biorefineries. The project prepared a brochure containing an introduction to the biorefinery concept
and examples of various types of biorefineries in member countries, including Denmark.
ENS-33033-0015
Development intended for consecutive demonstration of combined heat
and power production using wood pellet gasification in an open core
gasifier (in relation to EU Concerto 2 – Green solar cities project)
Pr. manager:
ERP:
Result:
BioSynergi Proces ApS · Henrik Houmann Jakobsen · tel.: +45 45 86 14 30
DKK 1,622,000
Completed 3rd quarter 2009
As an aspect of an EU Concerto project, BioSynergi Proces developed and tested a reactor element
in its Castor gasifier to enable it to gasify wood pellets instead of wood chips. The modified plant
was tested for 750 hours, 130 of them involving engine operation and CHP. Gas production showed
excellent stability, while engine operation failed to meet expectations. During the project period, the
price of wood pellets became so high compared to wood chips that the marginal financial advant­
ages of wood pellets disappeared. When the project ends, a gasification demonstration plant is to be
constructed in Valby, and it will be based on wood chips.
ENS-33033-0087
IEA Bioenergy Agreement: Task 32: Biomass Combustion and
Co-firing. National Danish representation 2008-2009
Pr. manager:
ERP:
Result:
FORCE Technology · Anders Evald · tel.: +45 72 15 77 00
DKK 309,000
Completed 4th quarter 2009
The project financed continued Danish participation in IEA Bioenergy Agreement Task 32: Biomass
Combustion and Co-firing. During the concluded work period, the group published a revised version
of the Biomass Combustion handbook, held four group meetings (Beijing, Amsterdam, Hamburg,
Ottawa) and organised international workshops on biomass co-firing, reduction of emission from
small-scale wood-fired plants, increased shares of biomass in co-firing and new technologies for
large-scale electricity and heat generation. The group website, www.ieabcc.nl, contains information
on the work and related communication.
ENS-33033-0231
New biomass technologies
Pr. manager:
EDDP:
Result:
Dall Energy ApS · Jens Dall Bentzen · tel.: +45 29 87 22 22
DKK 2,520,459
Completed 1st quarter 2010
In the project, Dall Energy developed a multi-fuel furnace jointly with SEM Staalindustri. The principle
combines gasification and incineration, a process entailing several advantages: The plant becomes
cheaper to build, hazardous substance emission decreases, and the output can be reduced to about
10%, thus saving the costs of a “summer boiler”. The furnace was tested for the first time in December 2009, the results being very promising. Thus, emissions of NOX , CO and dust particles proved much
lower than from a conventional grate-fired plant, and operation remains stable even at 10% output.
ENS-64009-0005
energy · RESEARCH · DEVELOPMENT · DEMONSTRATION · 2010
63
Biofuels
Total
2.5
0.7
2.0
11.8
19.9
74.1
99.3
114.5
104.6
0.0
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
0
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140
DCSR
ForskEL
ERP/EDDP
ATF
Great global potential for
Danish bioethanol technology
In the spring of 2010, Inbicon’s demonstration plant in Kalundborg
cess has not yet been developed for converting 25-40% of the
started producing second-generation bioethanol using straw as
lingo-cellulose sugar content to bioethanol. However, as part of
fuel, and the first commercial agreement was concluded with Stat­
the earmarked biofuel funds, the research company Terranol re-
oil, which will buy the annual production of close to 5 million litres.
ceived funds in 2008 for modifying yeast strains with particularly
promising qualities, which will thus enable pentose sugars also to
With this milestone, Inbicon has demonstrated its ability to develop
be converted into bioethanol. If the project objective is achieved,
a continuous production coordinated with the operation of Asnæs
it will help improve the overall operating finances of the IBUS
Power Station. Residual products in the form of lignin pellets are
process.
used as carbon-neutral fuel, replacing more than 8,000 tonnes of
coal every year at the power station. This technological break-
From the outset, DONG Energy/Inbicon’s strategy was for the de­
through attracted international attention, and in the spring of 2010,
monstration plant in Kalundborg not only to produce bioethanol for a
Inbicon, a wholly-owned subsidiary of DONG Energy, concluded its
pre-commercial market but also to be used for various process opti-
first international licensing agreement and took the first steps to-
misation initiatives. From its 2009 funds, EDDP has granted project
wards utilising the process in the USA.
funding for Inbicon to continue its optimisation efforts in Kalundborg. With a total budget of just under DKK 42 million, of which
EU and EDDP funding for process optimisation
EDDP funds about DKK 12.5 million, Inbicon wants to lower pro-
Inbicon’s IBUS plant in Kalundborg is the result of long-standing ef-
duction costs by developing a continuous feeding system, reusing
forts, starting with a pilot plant at the Fyn Power Station co-funded
enzymes and reducing water consumption, thus making bioethanol
by EU funds, continued in an upscaled plant at Skærbæk Power Sta-
more competitive compared to conventional petrol.
tion funded by the ForskEL programme and now culminating with a
pre-industrial demonstration plant. The demonstration plant converts
The EU-funded KACELLE project will further support these efforts,
some 35,000 tonnes of straw into 5.4 million litres of bioethanol,
in which Inbicon, heading up a broadly composed project group,
13,000 tonnes of lignin pellets and 11,000 tonnes of animal feed.
has been granted one of four large demonstration projects under
a strategic partnership for sustainable biofuels. The EU energy
In 2007, the demonstration plant received funding from ERP’s funds
programme under the 7th framework programme has granted
earmarked for second-generation biofuels, which co-funded the
EUR 9.1 million (about DKK 67.7 million) for a number of initi­
design and planning of the demonstration plant. Inbicon subse-
atives to reduce the production costs of the IBUS plant. This EU
quently received funding to establish the plant, thus bringing the
grant will allow Inbicon to optimise the process more swiftly,
total project funding to just over DKK 76 million. Total construction
and in this way the EDDP grant has created strong synergies.
costs of the Kalundborg plant top DKK 325 million.
The other partners of the KACELLE project (Kalundborg Cellulosic
Ethanol Project) are Statoil, LIFE-KU, Royal DSM from the Nether­
64
In the IBUS processes used at the demonstration plant, the C5
lands, German Biomass Research Centre and the University of
sugar content of the straw is used for animal feed, as a sub-pro­
Minho from Portugal.
energy · RESEARCH · DEVELOPMENT · DEMONSTRATION · 2010
Heading for full-scale plant
DONG Energy plays an active role in developing second-generation
Bolstered with more effective and less expensive enzymes from
biofuel technology. In addition to the demonstration plant in Kalund-
the two Danish producers Novozymes and Danisco Genencor, with
borg (photo to the left), which uses straw, DONG Energy is heading a
the possibility of introducing C5 sugar fermentation in the IBUS
consortium that is using ForskEL project funding to develop a flexible
process or using C5 for biogas production and with the process op-
technology that can convert, e.g., sorted household waste into electri-
timisation potential of the new projects, Inbicon aims to develop
city, heat and biofuels to suit current electricity system needs.
Photos: Torben Nielsen
its production process and upscale it to a full-scale industrial plant
Another promising application is in the USA where the IBUS tech-
competitive on the commercial market. A full-scale plant will have
nology seems tailored for integration into coal-fired power stations
a production capacity of more than 400,000 tonnes of straw a year.
in the Midwest farm states, which produce enormous amounts of
In connection with the upscaling of the demonstration plant in Ka-
biomass waste from maize and cereal production. So far, Inbicon
lundborg, Inbicon has tested various other types of biomass waste
has not concluded an actual licensing agreement. However, at the
to explore the global potential of the IBUS process. Palm oil pro-
beginning of March 2010 Inbicon signed a partnership agreement
duction residues are among the most promising types of biomass
allowing a US developer firm to develop a project in cooperation
waste. Both Malaysia and Indonesia produce large quantities of
with the Minnesota power company Great River Energy. The part-
palm oil, and the residual products from this production today pose
nership aims to erect a full-scale bioethanol factory with a pro-
a serious environmental problem.
duction capacity of about 480,000 tonnes of straw, which is to be
integrated with a 62-MW coal-fired power station that Great River
Inbicon has tested palm oil residues in cooperation with Japanese
Energy is building in North Dakota and where lignin pellets from
Mitsui, the results of which were so good that in spring 2010 a
the bioethanol factory can replace some of the power station’s coal
licensing agreement was concluded, allowing Mitsui to build a
consumption.
number of biomass refineries in Southeast Asia intended to utilise
palm oil residuals. This licensing agreement is of great strategic
Other biofuel processes
importance to Inbicon, as Mitsui can contribute to profiling the
The other large demonstration plant that has been granted EDDP
technology in a region with the world’s fastest-growing energy
planning and establishment funding is the planned BioGasol plant
needs.
in Bornholm. This is to upscale the MaxiFuel process developed by
DTU Biosys through many ERP-funded projects. In continuation of
energy · RESEARCH · DEVELOPMENT · DEMONSTRATION · 2010
65
Biofuels
In a project under the Danish National Advanced Technology Foun­da­
salt/minerals, water and gas, which are sold on the commercial
tion, SCF Technologies had such good results developing its CatLiq
market.
process that in 2009, EDDP funded the design and planning of a demonstration plant to be established for Vattenfald at the Nordjylland
On the basis of the results from the operation of this pilot plant,
Power Station. In the project, the Catliq process documented a great
in June 2009 EDDP granted funding for designing and planning a
ability to convert the otherwise difficult wet biomass.
de­monstration plant slated to be built at the Nordjylland Power
Station in cooperation with Vattenfall and Aalborg University. The
parties have applied for EDDP funding for construction of the de­
monstration plant from the 2010 funds.
EDDP has also granted project support to Haldor Topsøe, which, together with the Danish Technological Institute, will convert secondgeneration bioethanol to dimethyl ether that can be used to increase the efficiency ratio of a diesel engine significantly.
Biorefineries in the pipeline
A number of the players who cooperate with Inbicon on optimising
the IBUS process also participate in the strategic research centre
Bio4Bio, for which the Danish Council for Strategic Research has
granted funding headed by LIFE-KU.
This centre is to develop and test a number of pioneering techniques that can increase understanding of the relationship between
biomass structure and proteins and process stages needed to convert biomass to liquid fuels. The research in the Bio4Bio centre is
expected to pave the way for developing actual biorefineries, which
are in the long run to produce various raw materials for the chem­
Photo: Torben Nielsen
ical industry as an alternative to oil-based raw materials.
a design and planning project, EDDP has given a conditional and
Through another Danish Council for Strategic Research project,
time-limited pledge of DKK 78.2 million in funding from the 2009
DTU Chemistry has, in cooperation with Novozymes and others,
funds brought forward, which, together with own funding of up
achieved results using catalysts, enzymes and bacteria cultures for
to DKK 125 million, will enable BioGasol to build and operate a
fuels and acids also expected to form part of biorefinery processes.
demonstration plant with about the same production capacity as
Now the aim is to further develop the practical results from this
Inbicon’s plant in Kalundborg.
project for industrial use.
BioGasol has now been acquired by a foreign venture fund with
better possibilities of obtaining the own funding required, and on
this basis, EDDP has decided to give the project group an autumn
2010 deadline for the final solution.
In the spring of 2010, SCF Technologies completed a project under
the Danish National Advanced Technology Foundation. The project
documented that bio-oil can be produced from wet biomass,
which has otherwise been difficult to convert to energy purposes.
The company’s CatLiq process converts wastewater sludge, waste
from food production and residual products from bioethanol to
bio-oil at high pressure and temperature in a reactor. The raw
product from the process consists of four components: bio-oil,
66
energy · RESEARCH · DEVELOPMENT · DEMONSTRATION · 2010
Funded projects · Biofuels
Development of improved 2G bioethanol technology
to prepare for commercialisation
Pr. manager:
Contact:
Participants:
Inbicon A/S
Niels Henriksen · niehe@dongenergy.dk
tel.: +45 99 55 11 11
LIFE-KU
DKK 12,579,000
EDDP:
Total budget: DKK 41,930,000
Completion: 1st quarter 2012
During the project, Inbicon’s process will be op­
timised in the town of Kalundborg by developing
cost reduction methods and a continuous feeding
system, reutilising enzymes and reducing water
consumption. These steps are milestones on the
way to a commercial full-scale system with a
capacity of 50 tonnes per hour, able to produce
bioethanol from e.g. wheat straw.
ENS-64009-0015
Demonstration of sustainable bio-oil production
using CatLiq technology – phase 1
Pr. manager:
Contact:
SCF Technologies A/S
Morten Nielsen · info@scf-technologies.com
tel.: +45 88 30 32 00
DKK 9,379,000
EDDP:
Total budget: DKK 20,036,000
Completion: 1st quarter 2011
The project will develop a CatLiq demonstration
unit for industrial-scale use, capable of convert­­
ing low-value feed streams such as pig slurry
into high-value bio-oil, which can subsequently
be used for CHP production. Furthermore, the
project will evaluate technological, financial and
environmental aspects of the CatLiq process and
demonstration unit.
ENS-64009-0030
Diesel engines running on second-generation bioethanol
Pr. manager:
Contact:
Participants:
Haldor Topsøe A/S. R&D Division
Pär Gabrielsson · pg@topsoe.dk
tel.: +45 45 27 20 00
Danish Technological Institute
DKK 7,000,000
EDDP:
Total budget: DKK 11,111,000
Completion: 3rd quarter 2011
The project will demonstrate second-generation
bioethanol used as diesel engine fuel by convert­
ing ethanol into diethyl ether, an excellent fuel
for diesel engines. Ethanol used in diesel engines
increases the efficiency ratio by up to 40% as
measured against a petrol engine, and by 5-10%
in total.
ENS-64009-0151
Pariticipation in IEA Bioenergy Tasks 39 and 42 in 2010-2012
Pr. manager:
Contact:
Danish Forest and Landscape Research
Institute at LIFE-KU
Henning Jørgensen · hnj@life.ku.dk
tel.: +45 35 33 15 00
DKK 392,000
EDDP:
Total budget: DKK 522,000
Completion: 1st quarter 2013
The project funds the Danish participation in the
two international networks under IEA Bioenergy:
Task 39, “Commercialisation of 1st and 2nd Generation Liquid Biofuels from Biomass” and Task 42,
“Biorefineries: Co-production of Fuels, Chemicals,
Power and Materials from Biomass” during the
period of 2010 to 2012.
ENS-64009-0229
energy · RESEARCH · DEVELOPMENT · DEMONSTRATION · 2010
67
Projects in progress · Biofuels
68
Project no.
Project title
Project manager
Contact
Funding
Completion
2104-05-0017
Biofuels from important Foreign
Biomasses
CBB-AAU
Birgitte K. Ahring
bka@bio.aau.dk
tel.: +45 26 36 16 30
DKK
6,000,000
3rd quarter
2010
2104-05-0055
OPUS: Optimised use of wheat material Department of
for bio-ethanol production and
Agricultural Sciences
assessment of the biofuel waste
at LIFE-KU
nutritional value
Jakob Magid
jma@life.ku.dk
tel.: +45 35 28 34 91
DKK
2,500,000
2nd quarter
2010
2104-06-0004 Bio.REF: Biorefinery for sustainable
reliable economical fuel production
from energy crops
DTU Environment
Irini Angelidaki
ria@er.dtu.dk
tel.: +45 45 25 16 00
DKK
12,467,061
4th quarter
2010
2104-06-0029 Renewable energy in the transport
sector using biofuels as energy carrier
DMU-AU
Pia Frederiksen
pfr@dmu.dk
tel.: +45 46 30 12 07
DKK
14,839,082
2nd quarter
2011
2104-07-0028
Thermo-chemical study of cellulolytic
enzymes for use in the production of
second-generation bioethanol
RUC
Peter Westh
pwesth@ruc.dk
tel.: +45 46 74 28 79
DKK
13,000,000
1st quarter
2012
2104-08-0039
A strategic research centre for
development and implementation of
biotechnology for bioenergy (bio4bio)
KU-LIFE
Claus Felby
cf@life.ku
tel.: +45 35 33 16 95
DKK
22,500,000
4th quarter
2013
Project no.
Project title
Project manager
Contact
Funding
Completion
ForskEL 7335
REnescience
DONG Energy A/S
Erik Ravn Schmidt
erirs@dongenergy.dk
tel.: +45 99 55 76 29
DKK
28,898,000
4th quarter
2010
Project no.
Project title
Project manager
Contact
Funding
Completion
ENS33031-0063
Socio-economic and corporateeconomic analysis of bioethanol
production in Denmark co-produced
with CHP (combined heat and power
production) and biogas. Phase 1
Systems Analysis
Division
at Risø DTU
Lars Henrik Nielsen
lani@risoe.dtu.dk
tel.: +45 46 77 51 10
DKK
1,391,000
2nd quarter
2010
ENS33032-0014
Development of an HCCI engine for
DME application
DTU Mechanical
Engineering
Jesper Schramm
js@mek.dtu.dk
tel.: +45 45 25 41 79
DKK
1,522,000
3rd quarter
2010
ENS33032-0017
Production of methanol/DME from
biomass
Biosystems
Division
at Risø DTU
Ulrik Henriksen
ubh@mek.dtu.dk
tel.: +45 46 77 41 72
DKK
3,033,000
2nd quarter
2010
ENS33032-0044
Socio-economic and corporateeconomic analysis of bioethanol
production in Denmark co-produced
with CHP (combined heat and power
production) and biogas. Phase 2
Systems Analysis
Division
at Risø DTU
Lars Henrik Nielsen
lani@risoe.dtu.dk
tel.: +45 46 77 51 10
DKK 964,000 2nd quarter
2010
ENS33033-0043
Microwave and plasma treatment of
wheat straw for bioethanol production
Biosystems Division
at Risø DTU
Anne Belinda Thomsen
abbj@risoe.dtu.dk
tel.: +45 46 77 41 64
DKK
2,812,000
1st quarter
2011
ENS33033-0285
BornBioFuel: A fully integrated second- BioGasol ApS.
generation bioethanol demonstration
Engineering
plant on the island of Bornholm based
on the MaxiFuels concept. Phase 1
Rune Skovgaard
info@biogasol.com
tel.: +45 45 25 92 89
DKK
27,500,000
2nd quarter
2010
ENS63011-0011
Yeast strains designed for secondgeneration bioethanol production
Terranol A/S
Birgitte Rønnow
info@terranol.com
tel.: +45 45 25 23 20
DKK
11,250,000
2nd quarter
2011
ENS63011-0013
Demonstration of second-generation
bioethanol production. WP2:
Construction and erection of
demonstration plant
Inbicon A/S
Niels Henriksen
niehe@dongenergy.dk
tel.: +45 45 25 92 89
DKK
54,202,000
2nd quarter
2010
ENS64009-0010
Optimisation of the BornBioFuels
second-generation bioethanol concept
CBB-AAU
Birgitte K. Ahring
bka@bio.aau.dk
tel.: +45 26 36 16 30
DKK
6,814,000
2nd quarter
2010
energy · RESEARCH · DEVELOPMENT · DEMONSTRATION · 2010
Projects in progress · Biofuels
Project no.
Project title
ENS64009-0011
Project no.
Project manager
Contact
Funding
Completion
BornBioFuel2 – A fully integrated second- BioGasol
generation bioethanol demon­stration
plant on the island of Bornholm, based
on the Maxifuel concept
Rune Skovgaard-Petersen
rsp@biogasol.com
tel.: +45 51 22 61 12
DKK
78,200,000
4th quarter
2011
Project title
Project manager
Contact
Funding
Completion
Development of second-generation
Bio-ethanol
DONG Energy
Charles Nielsen
chani@dongenergy.dk
tel.: +45 99 55 20 93
DKK
22,000,000
2010
Sustainable bio-diesel using enzyme
technology
Novozymes A/S
Jesper Brask
jebk@novozymes.com
tel.: +45 44 46 29 70
DKK
17,000,000
2012
Photo: Torben Nielsen
Completed projects · Biofuels
The Bio/Catalytic Refineries
Pr. manager:
DCSR:
Result:
DTU Chemistry · Rasmus Fehrmann · tel.: +45 45 25 23 89
DKK 10,000,000
Completed 4th quarter 2009
Using catalysts, enzymes and bacterial cultures, the project uncovered promising methods for convert­
ing biomass into more valuable products such as fuels in the form of ethanol, methane and hydrogen
or into chemicals of added value, e.g. acetic acid, methyl acetate and lactic acid. The latter is expected
to become an important platform molecule in a future biomass refinery at which large volumes of
chemicals and plastics can be produced. The most promising discoveries will be perfected industrially.
DCSR · 2104-04-0003
energy · RESEARCH · DEVELOPMENT · DEMONSTRATION · 2010
69
Completed projects · Biofuels
Market potential for renewable fuels passenger cars (REP cars)
Pr. manager:
DCSR:
Result:
DCSR · 2104-05-0049
DTU Transport · Linda Christensen · tel.: +45 45 25 65 25
DKK 3,000,000
Completed 4th quarter 2009
The project developed an econometric model capable of predicting car model combination of new car
sales, including in particular cars using fuels produced with renewable energy, i.e. electric cars, hydrogen
cars and plug-in cars as well as cars running on biodiesel. Moreover, customers’ willingness to pay for
various aspects related to renewable energy cars was studied. The electric car market was studied at
various car price ranges and in relation to investment in charging infrastructure. Finally, a model was
developed for analysis of optimum infrastructure for electric car quick charge stations and charging points.
Biomass for biofuel and bioethanol in pilot scale
Pr. manager:
PSO:
Result:
Dong Energy A/S · Charles Nielsen · tel.: +45 76 22 24 10
DKK 6,028,000
Completed 4th quarter 2009
The Integrated Biomass Utilisation System (IBUS) is a new process for refining lignocellulosic waste
biomass. The process is energy-efficient due to very high dry matter content in all process steps and
integration with a power plant. Cellulose is converted into bioethanol and lignin to a high-quality solid
biofuel which supplies the process energy as well as surplus heat and power. Hemicellulose is used as
feed molasses. Inbicon will, based on the optimised results obtained in this project, erect one of the
first biorefineries in the world for production of second-generation bioethanol.
ForskEL · 6412
Ethanol as engine fuel
Pr. manager:
ERP:
Result:
ENS-33032-0015
DTU Mechanical Engineering · Jesper Schramm · tel.: +45 45 25 41 79
DKK 369,000
Completed 4th quarter 2009
The project is closely linked to Denmark’s cooperation under the “IEA Advanced Motor Fuels Agree­
ment”. The main report of the project describes technical possibilities and limitations of ethanol use.
Special focus is on technical questions regarding miscibility with other fuels – e.g. petrol and diesel
– as well as fuel economy and emissions. The possibilities of ethanol use for transportation purposes
are plenty – but so are the challenges. Nevertheless, technical solutions seem to exist. In addition
to the main report, a separate report describes each IEA member country’s view on ethanol in the
transport sector.
Optimisation of the MaxiFuels concept by implementing
salt removal and recovering high-value fertiliser product
Pr. manager:
ERP:
Result:
ENS-33032-0063
Biosystems Division at Risø DTU · Kim Pilegaard · tel.: +45 46 77 41 01
DKK 1,800,000
Completed 1st quarter 2010
The objective of the project was to establish to which degree effluent from the biogas process must be
purified to be reused as process water in the MaxiFuels process and the method appropriate for that purpose.
Tolerance testing showed that the MaxiFuels concept sub-processes tolerate total salt concentration up to
30 g/l without signs of obstruction. Tests of various purification processes suggest that electrodialysis is the
most promising method for salt removal from the relevant process water. Restructuring of the DTU Systems
Biology group at Risø DTU in the spring of 2008 meant that less work was performed than originally planned.
Optimisation and perfection of the MaxiFuels concept
Pr. manager:
ERP:
Result:
ENS-33033-0079
70
Biosystems Division at Risø DTU · Kim Pilegaard · tel.: +45 46 77 41 01
DKK 4,550,000
Completed 1st quarter 2010
The main objective of the Maxifuel-III project was to reduce second-generation bioethanol production costs.
To achieve this, maize fibres and stalks were studied as new raw material for efficient use. In addition,
alternative systems for cellulose-degrading enzyme production were studied through infection of the
biomass using microorganisms. Results from these studies have yet to confirm whether this strategy will be
feasible. Considerable resources were applied to study the applicability of various process equipment – e.g.
centrifuges and filtres – in relation to the MaxiFuel process.
energy · RESEARCH · DEVELOPMENT · DEMONSTRATION · 2010
Completed projects · Biofuels
Demonstration of 2nd generation bioethanol production WP1:
Design and engineering
Pr. manager:
ERP:
Result:
Inbicon A/S · Niels Henriksen · tel.: +45 45 25 92 89
DKK 22,500,000
Completed 4th quarter 2009
The project developed a design basis and planning for complete demonstration plant for secondgeneration bioethanol production from straw using Inbicon technology. With a capacity of 4 tonnes of
straw/hour, the demonstration plant will – at constant operation – annually produce 4,500 tonnes of
bioethanol, 11,250 tonnes of animal feed and 13,100 tonnes of solid biofuel (lignin pellets). The unit
will be flexible so that e.g. more ethanol can be produced at the expense of by-products. The result of
the work performed during WP1 is very concrete in the form of a demonstration plant for secondgeneration ethanol production, situated by the Asnæs Power Station in Kalundborg, Denmark.
ENS-33033-0288
Consolidation and development of partnership for biofuels
Pr. manager:
EDDP:
Result:
Dansk Biotek · Thomas Alstrup · tel.: +45 28 89 58 54
DKK 625,000 Completed 2nd quarter 2010
The project resulted in a white paper on biofuel perspectives in Denmark, and conferences and
information activities were realised – not least in connection with the Copenhagen Climate Summit in
December 2009. The white paper emphasises the substantial unexploited potential in using biomass
for second-generation biofuels, during which process valuable by-products for, for instance, power and
heating generation and animal feed. The white paper notes that the Danish biomass basis may be
increased by a 4-5 ratio by using more side streams and by-products from agriculture, including new
sustainable energy crops.
ENS-63011-0036
From organic waste to biofuel
Pr. manager:
ATF:
Result:
SCF Technologies A/S · Andreas Rudol, tlf; 88 30 32 40
DKK 10,000,000.
Completed 2010
The project tested existing and new catalysts in a high technology reactor system. The results may be
used for characterising the catalyst mechanism and to manufacture more efficient catalysts. In the SCF
CatLiq pilot plant, a mass and energy balance was established for various animal feeds. An advanced
model of the CatLiq process enables process simulation and may thus make the use of process energy
more efficient. SCF Technologies received EDDP funding for design and planning of a demonstration
plant, which the company plans to construct for Vattenfall at the Nordjylland Power Station.
energy · RESEARCH · DEVELOPMENT · DEMONSTRATION · 2010
71
Hydrogen
and fuel cells
Total
20.6
22.9
11.1
46.5
94.5
95.5
52.5
131.8
126.4
32.7
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
0
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140
DCSR
ForskEL
ERP/EDDP
ATF
Focus on production optimisation
of Danish fuel cell technologies
The strategic energy research programmes continue to allocate
five households in Sønderborg have hosted operational tests of
relatively large funds to technology development of different fuel
natural gas supplied SOFC and HT-PEM units from Topsoe Fuel Cell
cell types, as evidence suggests that the Danish players still per-
and Dantherm Power, respectively. In the final phase, the number
form well in international competition to gain the most from the
of households will be increased and units will be installed that
first mover effect. In the field of SOFC fuel cells, the partnership be-
have been optimised on the basis of practical experience from
tween Topsoe Fuel Cell and the Fuel Cells and Solid State Chemistry
the second phase. Following restructurings at the industrial con-
Division at Risø DTU aims to reduce production costs and increase
sortium partners, management of this demonstration project has
lifetime and efficiency of the first, pre-commercial SOFC generation.
been taken over by SEAS-NVE.
At the same time, research is being conducted on new materials
and stack design, which could further reduce the costs of a new
Moving towards commercialisation
SOFC generation in the long run.
Topsoe Fuel Cell is the key industrial player in the Danish SOFC
technology development, acting as project manager for larger
In low-temperature PEM (LT-PEM) fuel cells, the focus also rests on
projects from ForskEL, EDDP and the Danish National Advanced
reduction of production costs to be able to sell complete systems
Technology Foundation. In cooperation with the Solid State Chem-
on commercial niche markets. High-temperature PEM (HT-PEM)
istry Division at Risø DTU, Topsoe Fuel Cell continues its work on
fuel cells received a significant financial and organisational boost
realising the central objectives in the SOFC road map of the Danish
through a large consortium grant from ForskEL’s 2009 funds, raising
fuel cell strategy.
great hopes that this promising technology may become a specific
Danish strength.
SOFC cell production has become much more efficient in recent
years due to Topsoe Fuel Cell being able to open a new plant with
In the past year, the Danish hydrogen players positioned them-
an annual capacity of 5 MW in 2009. With project funding from
selves strongly, both in development and demonstration of con-
EDDP, the company has developed and streamlined the production
cepts and products for the transport sector and in large interna-
process and reduced production costs. New and more efficient stack
tional technology ventures such as the EU’s Joint Undertaking (JU)
design has been implemented as routine production and the 10 kW
partnership.
demonstration unit at the Copenhagen H.C. Ørsted Power Station
has been equipped with new batch stacks.
The large-scale demonstration project in the local authority areas
72
of Sønderborg and Lolland financed by the finance committee’s
A parallel ForskEL project focused on development of larger cells
special funding grant administered by the EDDP secretariat, is now
and an improved cathode was successfully demonstrated in opera-
heading towards its final phase, where the number of demonstra-
tion of more than 3,000 hours. With ForskEL project funding, both
tion units will be increased to about 100. In the second phase,
Topsoe Fuel Cell and Risø DTU have worked on the development of
five households in the town of Vestenskov have tested the first
a basis for an upscaling of SOFC units from 1 kW micro CHP to units
generation of LT-PEM units running on hydrogen and similarly,
with more than 50 kW. Finally, Topsoe Fuel Cell received ForskEL
energy · RESEARCH · DEVELOPMENT · DEMONSTRATION · 2010
funding to develop an R&D and commercialisation plan for SOEC
Topsoe Fuel Cell (photo to the right) has been so successful in
electrolysis in cooperation with H2 Logic and Risø DTU.
developing its hotbox design for SOFC fuel cells that it is now marketed internationally under the brand name PowerCore.
With funding from the Danish National Advanced Technology
Together with H2 Logic, Topsoe Fuel Cell analyses the potential and
Founda­tion, Topsoe Fuell Cell aims to increase the life and per-
challenges of the SOEC electrolysis technology. The photo shows an
formance of SOFC cells as well as to cut production costs further by
electrolysis plant.
Photo: H2 Logic.
Photo: Topsoe-PowerCore
developing a third-generation metal-supported SOFC fuel cell. The
istry. SerEnergy has been affiliated to the consortium as subcontractor
results of the first project are so promising that Topsoe Fuel Cell and
of stack design to Dantherm Power, while IRD Fuel Cells also provides
its project partners have been granted funding to take develop-
assistance with stack design. The consortium grant has enabled Danish
ment of this generation to an actual commercial use.
Power Systems to improve its production system with automated pro­
cesses, in this way preparing itself for future large-scale production.
Danish competence at the front
With a large consortium grant from ForskEL’s 2009 funds, Energi­-
With funding from EDDP, the hydrogen LINK2009 network has de-
net.dk addressed the recommendation in the Danish fuel cell strat-
veloped a second-generation fuel cell technology for two car types.
egy that cooperation between the Danish players be enhanced. The
Efficiency ratio was measured to 42-48% for 10 kW and 2 kW,
HotMEA consortium, which is managed by DTU Chemistry, unified
respectively. The price is halved per kW for a system with a fuel
all the important players who work with HT-PEM fuel cells. Contrary
cell unit and 700 bar hydrogen stock to about EUR 4,500/kW. The
to the other fuel cell types, Danish technology developers compete
lower price allowed eight hydrogen cars to be put into operation
with only few international players and the Danish competence has
in Copenhagen, Denmark – in addition to the nine vehicles directly
taken the lead internationally.
included in the first phase. The hydrogen filling station has been
developed so as to meet the new international standard.
The great advantage of HT-PEM fuel cells is their robustness to COcontaining hydrogen and the relatively simple and cheap system
In the second project phase, which also received EDDP funds,
design. So although performance is lower than in other types, HT-
demonstration activities are realised in the town of Holstebro, Den-
PEM units will probably do well in competition with other fuel cells.
mark, while the network is also active in Oslo, Norway, via the EU
Cell production still takes place at Danish Power Systems and DTU Chem-
project H2MOVES Scandinavia with a total budget of DKK 145 million.
energy · RESEARCH · DEVELOPMENT · DEMONSTRATION · 2010
73
Funded projects · Hydrogen and fuel cells
Next generation materials for fuel cells
Fuel Cells and Solid State Chemistry Division
at Risø DTU
Nikolaos Bonanos · nibo@risoe.dtu.dk
Contact:
tel.: +45 46 77 57 48
Participants: SINTEF, Lund University, RWTH (Institut für
Werkstoffe der Elektrotechnik II), Aachen
DKK 1,822,304
DCSR:
Total budget: DKK 7,500,000
Completion: 1st quarter 2013
Pr. manager:
N-INNER 09-075900
The project will cover manufacture of more
efficient SOFC fuel cells, partly through development of protoninc fuel cells (PCFC), in which the
water generated will be discharged with surplus
air, partly by use of methods to manufacture
thin-film materials for SOFC and PCFC, which will
make cells more compact and lower operating
temperatures.
planSOEC
Pr. manager:
Contact:
Participants:
ForskEL - 10432
Topsoe Fuel Cell A/S
Helge Holm Larsen · hhl@topsoe.com
tel.: +45 45 27 21 68
H2 Logic A/S, Fuel Cells and Solid State
Chemistry Division at Risø DTU
DKK 2,000,000
PSO:
Total budget: DKK 3,211,000
Completion: 2nd quarter 2011
PlanSOEC is to develop an R&D and commercialisation plan for hydrogen and CO production facilities
on the basis of solid-oxide electrolysis cell (SOEC)
technology. The project involves analyses of stateof-the-art SOEC technology, identification of R&D
needs, establishment of commercial goals and
forecasts for future potential markets.
Ceramic fuel cells for use in combined heat and power
Pr. manager:
Contact:
Participants:
ForskEL - 10440
Topsoe Fuel Cell A/S
Rasmus Barfod · raba@topsoe.dk
tel.: +45 45 27 23 30
RISØ DTU
DKK 7,995,500
PSO:
Total budget: DKK 14,907,000
Completion: 2nd quarter 2011
The project aim is to develop a highly durable
(>5 years) and significantly more price competitive SOFC technology, while also developing
the basis to demonstrate an upscaling from 1 kW
micro CPH use to large-scale (>50 kW) CPH use
able to operate on several fuel types.
Durable and robust ceramic fuel cells
Pr. manager:
Contact:
Participants:
ForskEL - 10441
Fuel Cells and Solid State Chemistry Division
at Risø DTU
Johan Hjelm · johh@risoe.dtu.dk
tel.: +45 46 77 58 87
IRD A/S
DKK 11,000,000
PSO:
Total budget: DKK 14,980,000
Completion: 2nd quarter 2012
Ceramic fuel cells represent a promising technology for electricity generation with high efficiency and low environmental load. The project
will improve fuel cell power density, durability
and robustness. A key objective is an improved
understanding of degradation mechanisms, which
will facilitate development of strategies to counter
them.
DK-KeePEMAlive
Pr. manager:
Contact:
Forsk EL - 10444
74
IRD Fuel Cells A/S
Laila Grahl-Madsen · lgm@ird.dk
tel.: +45 63 63 30 65
DKK 834,000
PSO:
Total budget: DKK 3,243,500
Completion: 4th quarter 2012
energy · RESEARCH · DEVELOPMENT · DEMONSTRATION · 2010
This application focuses on co-financing of IRD’s
participation in the FC JU project KeePEMAlive. Currently, the JU project achieves positive evaluation
and is expected to start in early 2010. The overall
goal of KeePEMAlive is to improve durability and
lifetime for stationary LT PEMFC-based micro CHPs.
The project basis is IRD’s micro CHP unit currently
undergoing field testing.
Funded projects · Hydrogen and fuel cells
SOFTEG II – SOFC/TEG Hybrid System
Pr. manager:
Contact:
Participants:
Dantherm Power A/S
Paw Mortensen · pvm@iet.aau.dk
tel.: +45 30 62 26 23
Department of Energy Technology-AAU
DDK 2,845,000
PSO:
Total budget: DKK 4,374,000
Completion: 2nd quarter 2011
The aim of the SOFTEG phase II project is to develop a high-efficient TEG (TermoElectic generator)
from the TE material Zn4Sb3. The TEG module will
be integrated into a SOFC hotbox used in micro
CHP unit for private households. By combining the
technologies, an electricity efficiency of more than
80% may be achieved.
ForskEL - 1046
PEM – Durability and lifetime, part II
Pr. manager:
Contact:
Participants:
IRD Fuel Cells A/S
Laila Grahl-Madsen · lgm@ird.dk
tel.: +45 63 63 30 65
Institute of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology
and Environmental Technology-SDU
DKK 8,023,000
PSO:
Total budget: DKK 9,775,000
Completion: 1st quarter 2013
ForskEL - 10505
Integration of BMS (Battery Management Systems)
in electric versions of conventional cars
Pr. manager:
Contact:
Participants:
Lithium Balance A/S
Lars Barkler · lba@lithiumbalance.com
tel.: +45 58 51 51 04
Serenergy A/S
DKK 1,000,000
EDDP:
Total budget: DKK 2,000,000
Completion: 2nd quarter 2010
The overall objective of the DuRaPEM project is to
upgrade methods and technologies to improving
PEM fuel cell lifetimes aiming at lifetimes corresponding to the goals of Denmark’s strategy
for the area. The proposed project will comprise
systematic activities for all three PEM FC variants:
LT & HT PEM FC and DMFC.
Able to function as a 6-9 person taxi or van, a Fiat
Scudo will be supplied with 276 V Li-ion batteries,
a Battery Management System (BMS) and a 12
kW HT-PEM methanol fuel cell. The project will
demonstrate that this hybrid “power back” technology will give large electric vehicles the same
range as vehicles with combustion engines.
ENS-63011-0043
Tailor PEM – phase 1. Developing tools for customer-specific
Danish PEM fuel cells – stacks for the initial market
IRD Fuel Cells A/S. R & D
Steen Yde-Andersen · info@ird.dk
tel.: +45 63 63 30 00
Participants: Smart Fuel Cell, BAXI Innotech GmbH,
APC Denmark Aps
DKK 9,202,000
EDDP:
Total budget: DKK 17,371,000
Completion: 1st quarter 2012
Pr. manager:
Contact:
Tailor PEM is to establish a design tool and
develop automated production methods able to
reduce production costs even for small batches
because customer-specific stacks can be made
for various uses and markets, even in production
of small series. Thus, product design becomes
customer-driven and market-specific.
ENS-64009-0016
Fuel-cell powered electric vehicle supplied with reformed methanol
GMR maskiner a/s
Niels Kirkegaard · nki@gmr.dk
tel.: +45 75 64 36 11
Participants: Danish Technological Institue, OK a.m.b.a, Serenergy, Aaborg Zoo, Holstebro Cemetery, Billund
Airport, Local Authority of Esbjerg, Road and
Park Administration
DKK 3,000,000
EDDP:
Total budget: DKK 8,574,000
Completion: 3rd quarter 2012
Pr. manager:
Contact:
The project will develop and produce a prototype
and later a 0 series of methanol-supplied fuel cell
GMR multitrucks to demonstrate the potential of
a HT-PEM fuel cell connected to a methanol-re­
former in the market segment of service vehicles
not running on public roads. The project is to open
up new GMR market segments.
ENS-64009-0017
energy · RESEARCH · DEVELOPMENT · DEMONSTRATION · 2010
75
Funded projects · Hydrogen and fuel cells
HyLIFT – DEMO. European demonstration of third-generation
hydrogen-powered fuel cell lift trucks
Pr. manager:
Contact:
Participants:
H2 Logic A/S
Jacob Krogsgaaard · info@h2logic.com
tel.: +45 96 27 56 00
DTU Chemistry, DanTruck A/S
DKK 2,962,000
EDDP:
Total budget: DKK 19,745,000
Completion: 1st quarter 201
ENS-64009-0018
The project will realise European demonstration of
third-generation hydrogen-powered fuel cell lift
trucks with hydrogen refuelling infrastructure, plan
fourth-generation product development and commercial market introduction of fuel cell lift trucks
and hydrogen infrastructure in 2012 and identify
future needs for standards etc.
OFC system development
Pr. manager:
Contact:
Participants:
Dantherm Power A/S
Morten Legardt Karlsen · power@dantherm.com
tel.: +45 88 43 55 00
Department of Energy Technology–AAU
DKK 4,159,000
EDDP:
Total budget: DKK 8,112,000
Completion: 1st quarter 2012
ENS-64009-0034
The project develops a generic and dynamic simulation, design and development tool for SOFC sys­
tem development. The tool will be implemented
in Dantherm Power’s design and development
processes. This tool will shorten development
cycles, bring forward commercialisation and give
rapid, optimum feedback to stack producers and
other component developers.
Ceramic fuel cells moving towards actual application
Topsoe Fuel Cell A/S
Joachim Jacobsen · jcj@topsoe.dk
tel.: +45 45 27 00 00
Participants: Fuel Cells and Solid State Chemistry Division
at Risø DTU
DKK 21,200,000
EDDP:
Total budget: DKK 45,266,000
Completion: 3rd quarter 2010
Pr. manager:
Contact:
ENS-64009-0035
LINK2009 – phase 2 – demonstration of second-generation fuel cell
hybrid vehicles and hydrogen refuelling stations in Denmark
H2 Logic A/S
Jacob Krogsgaard · info@h2logic.com
tel.: +45 96 27 56 00
Participants: Vestforsyning Erhverv A/S, Rotrex A/S, DanaTank A/S, Hytor A/S, Parker Hannifin Danmark
A/S, Danish Technological Institute, Hydrogen
Link Danmark, Technical University of Denmark,
Local Authority of Holstebro
DKK 8,991,000
EDDP:
Total budget: DKK 24,032,000
Completion: 1st quarter 2013
Pr. manager:
Contact:
ENS-64009-0172
The project continues the long-term development
work aimed at commercialising solid oxide fuel
cells. Key challenges lie in reducing production
costs, increasing cell activity and cell-stack produc­
tion capacity. At system level, integrated hotbox
concepts will be developed for CHP, micro CHP and
the APU market.
Second phase of LINK2009 demonstrates secondgeneration fuel cell hybrid vehicles and hydrogen
refuelling stations with a view to validate lifetime,
efficiency and price. The project also supports
Danish participation in the EU JU “H2MOVES
Scandinavia” project and 2 PhDs in future thirdgeneration technology.
Development of inexpensive end plates for PEM fuel cells and electolytics cells
Danish Technological Institute.
Materials and Production
Jens Christiansen
Contact:
jens.christiansen@teknologisk.dk
tel.: +45 72 20 24 98
Participants: IRD Fuel Cells A/S
DKK 2,637,000
EDDP:
Total budget: DKK 3,855,000
Completion: 1st quarter 2012
Pr. manager:
ENS-64009-0217
76
energy · RESEARCH · DEVELOPMENT · DEMONSTRATION · 2010
The overall project goal is to automate production of end plates by applying low-price polymer
composite materials, low-price mould production
and use of industrial production methods in continuation of previous R&D projects (33033-0096,
63011-0068 and 64009-0016) to achieve the
first mover advantage in the fuel cell market.
Funded projects · Hydrogen and fuel cells
Integrated electric propulsion system
Pr. manager:
Contact:
Participants:
Department of Energy Technology–AAU
Søren Knudsen Kær · skk@iet.aau.dk
tel.: +45 99 40 92 40
SerEnergy A/S, Lithium Balance, Cemtec
DKK 4,600,000
EDDP:
Total budget: DKK 8,368,000
Completion: 2nd quarter 2012
The project will develop a second-generation
HT-PEM methanol system with improved efficiency
and power density as an element of the highly
integrated hybrid propulsion system (HI-EPS) with
Lithium-ion batteries and BMS. The system will
give vehicles a range of 600 km per charge and
rapid recharge. At the end of 2012, the technology
will be demonstrated in 1,000 systems.
ENS-64009-0218
Test and Approval Center for Fuel Cell and Hydrogen Technologies: Phase 1
Pr. manager:
Contact:
Participants:
Fuel Cells and Solid State Chemistry
Division at Risø DTU
Anke Hagen · anke@risoe.dtu.dk
tel.: +45 46 77 58 84
Danish Gas Technology Centre
DKK 5,046,000
EDDP:
Total budget: DKK 8,919,000
Completion: 1st quarter 2012
The project will launch a Test and Approval Center
for Fuel Cell and Hydrogen Technologies. It will
develop accelerated lifetime testing of fuel cell
systems and standards and offer consultancy on
certification. The Center will offer testing, development, analyses, approvals, certification, counselling and teaching in the relevant technologies to
the industry.
ENS-64009-0246
IEA Hydrogen Danish participation- Implementing Agreement
Pr. manager:
Contact:
Danish Gas Technology Centre
Jan Jensen · dgc@dgc.dk · tel.: +45 20 16 96 00
DKK 235,000
EDDP:
Total budget: DKK 470,000
Completion: 1st quarter 2011
ENS-64009-0254
IEA cooperation, advanced fuel cells,
Annex 25, stationary fuel cells
Pr. manager:
Contact:
Dantherm Power A/S
Per Balslev · peb@dantherm.com
tel.: +45 96 14 37 00
DKK 295,000
EDDP:
Total budget: DKK 454,000
Completion: 1st quarter 2012
The project funds Danish participation in the IEA
Hydrogen Implementing Agreement (HIA), which
encompasses membership of the HIA Executive
Committee, commitment of Danish stakeholders
in the HIA partnership on hydrogen, information
activities, e.g. through website, conference presentation and workshops as well as coordination
with the Danish Energy Agency.
The project funds Danish participation in international cooperation in an IEA group on stationary
fuel cells for local electricity generation in small
units. The project covers generation in international meetings between experts in the area and
dissemination of information about international
development at national levels.
ENS-64009-0292
H2MOVES Scandinavia – demonstration of large-scale hydrogen refuelling station
in Oslo as an aspect of the EU FCH-JU project
Pr. manager:
Contact:
H2 Logic A/S
Jacob Krogsgaard · info@h2logic.com
tel.: +45 96 27 56 00
DKK 3,280 000
EDDP:
Total budget: DKK 18,428,000
Completion: 1st quarter 2013
The project co-funds H2 Logic’s work aimed at
establishing a hydrogen refuelling station in Oslo
as an aspect of the H2MOVES Scandinavia project.
H2MOVES is funded by the European Fuel Cells &
Hydrogen Joint Undertaking programme to ensure
that Scandinavia becomes one of the market
introduction areas for international car manu­
facturers after 2015.
ENS-64009-0297
energy · RESEARCH · DEVELOPMENT · DEMONSTRATION · 2010
77
Funded projects · Hydrogen and fuel cells
MicroPower – miniature energy supply for hearing aids
Pr. manager:
Contact:
Participants:
Danish Technological Institute
Leif Højslet Christensen
leif.h.christensen@teknologisk.dk
tel.: +45 72 20 33 00
DTU - DTU Nanotech, iNANO-AU, Widex A/S
DKK 15,000,000
ATF:
Total budget: DKK 30,000,000
Completion: 1st quarter 2013
As a replacement of small zinc-air batteries for
hearing aids, the project will develop a groundbreaking Micro Direct Methanol Fuel Cell (DMFC
fuel cell) to be produced by means of MEMS
technology and nano-based material technology
used to produce membrane and catalysts. One
methanol refuelling must ensure 72 hours’
operation of hearing aids.
Projects in progress · Hydrogen and fuel cells
Project no.
Project title
Project manager
Contact
Funding
Completion
2104-05-0064
Novel materials for hydrogen storage
Centre for
Interdisciplinary
Nanotechnology
at AU
Flemming Besenbacher
fbe@inano.dk
tel.: +45 89 42 36 04
DKK
2,500,000
3rd quarter
2010
2104-05-0073
Hydrogen storage by chemisorption on Department of
carbonaceous materials
Physics and
Chemistry-SDU
Per Morgen
per@ifk.sdu.dk
tel.: +45 65 50 35 29
DKK
1,504,578
3rd quarter
2011
Fuel Cells and Solid
State Chemistry
Division at Risø DTU
Mogens Mogensen ­
momo@risoe.dtu.dk
tel.: +45 46 77 57 26
DKK
25,684,830
4th quarter
2012
2104-06-0011 Strategic Electrochemistry Research
Center (SERC)
78
2104-07-0041
Centre for sustainable hydrogen cycle
DTU Chemistry
Niels J. Bjerrum
NJB@kemi.dtu.dk
tel.: +45 45 25 23 07
DKK
14,700,000
4th quarter
2010
N-INNER
2104-07-0056
Hydrogen production by means of
sunlight
DTU Physics
Ib Chorkendorff
ibchork@fysik.dtu.dk
tel.: +45 45 25 31 70
DKK
2,257,896
4th quarter
2010
N-INNER
2104-07-0057
Synthesis and durability of CNT-based
MEAs for PEM fuel cells
Department of
Physics and
Chemistry-SDU
Eivind Skou
ems@ifk.sdu.dk
tel.: +45 65 50 25 40
DKK
1,962,310
4th quarter
2010
N-INNER
2104-07-0058
High-temperature proton and mixed
conductors for use in fuel cells and H2
separation membranes
Fuel Cells and Solid
State Chemistry
Division at Risø DTU
Nikolaos Bonanos
nibo@risoe.dtu.dk
tel.: +45 46 77 57 48
DKK
1,500,000
4th quarter
2010
2104-07-0053
Centre for Energy Materials
iNANO-AU
Bo Brummerstedt Iversen
bo@chem.au.dk
tel.: +45 89 42 39 69
DKK
30,000,000
4th quarter
2012
2104-08-0016
New macromolecular architectures and DTU Chemical
functions for proton conducting fuel
Engineering
cell membranes
Søren Hvilsted
sh@kt.dtu.dk
tel.: +45 45 25 29 65
DKK
13,300,000
4th quarter
2013
Project no.
Project title
Project manager
Contact
Funding
Completion
ForskEL 6336
New improved polymer electrolyte
membrane for PEM fuel cell
IRD Fuel Cell A/S
Peter Lund
plu@ird.dk
tel.: +45 63 63 30 00
DKK
7,039,000
2nd quarter
2010
ForskEL 6766
Hydrogen-selective membrane
Danish Technological
Institute
Jens Christensen
jens.christensen@
teknologisk.dk
tel.: +45 72 20 32 00
DKK
4,000,000
2nd quarter
2010
energy · RESEARCH · DEVELOPMENT · DEMONSTRATION · 2010
Projects in progress · Hydrogen and fuel cells
Project no.
Project title
Project manager
Contact
Funding
Completion
ForskEL 10045
Durable solid oxide electrolysis cells
and stacks
Fuel Cells and Solid
State Chemistry
Division at Risø DTU
Peter V. Hendriksen
pvhe@risoe.dtu.dk
tel.: +45 46 77 57 20
DKK
4,994,000
2nd quarter
2010
ForskEL 10065
SOFC R&D II
Fuel Cells and Solid
State Chemistry
Division at Risø DTU
Mogens Mogensen
momo@risoe.dtu.dk
tel.: +45 46 77 57 30
12,081,000
2nd quarter
2010
ForskEL 10076
HIGH PERFORMANCE MEAs
IRD Fuel Cells A/S
Madeleine Odgaard
mod@ird.dk,
tel.: +45 63 63 30 30
DKK
15,076,000
1st quarter
2011
ForskEL 10104
Integrated HT-PEMFC and multifuel
reformer for micro CHP
Department of Energy Søren Knudsen Kær
Technology-AAU
skk@iet.aau.dk
tel.: +45 99 40 96 30
DKK
3,000,000
1st quarter
2010
ForskEL 10207
Improved SOFC stacks
Topsoe Fuel Cell A/S
Rasmus Barfod
raba@topsoe.dk
tel.: +45 45 27 23 30
DKK
12,731,974
3rd quarter
2010
ForskEL 10221
HotMEA
DTU Chemistry
Niels J. Bjerrum
njb@kemi.dtu.dk
tel.: +45 45 25 23 10
DKK
25,649,030
2nd quarter
2010
ForskEL 10245
The CanDan HUX
IRD Fuel Cells A/S
Peter B. Lund
plu@ird.dk
tel.: +45 63 63 30 00
DKK
5,797000
4th quarter
2011
ForskEL 10280
IEA Hydrogen Implementing
Agreement Task 22 and Task 24
Materials Research
Division at Risø DTU
Allan Schrøder Pedersen
alpe@risoe.dtu.dk
tel.: +45 46 77 57 00
DKK 109,715 2nd quarter
2010
Project no.
Project title
Project manager
Contact
Funding
Completion
ENS33031-0053
Suitability of the natural gas grid for
pure hydrogen distribution, phase 2
Danish Gas Tech­
nology Centre
Henrik Iskov
dgc@dgc.dk
tel.: +45 45 16 96 00
DKK
1,369,000
3rd quarter
2010
ENS33032-0145
DMFC MEA and stack development
IRD Fuel Cells A/S
Steen Yde-Andersen
ird@ird.dk
tel.: +45 63 63 30 00
DKK
6,473,000
2nd quarter
2010
ENS33033-0151
Demonstration of micro combined heat SEAS-NVE
and power (CHP) based on Danish fuel
cells, phase 2
Kristina Fløche Juelsgaard
KFJ@seas-nve.dk
tel.: +45 70 29 29 29
DKK
21,900,000
4th quarter
2010
ENS33033-0211
Integrated HTPEM methanol reformer
system for backup and transport
applicants
Department of Energy Søren Knudsen Kær
Technology-AAU
skk@iet.aau.dk
tel.: +45 99 40 33 00
DKK
3,500,000
2nd quarter
2010
ENS33033-0253
Fuel Cells for SINE
Dantherm Power A/S Claus Munkholm
cm@dantherm.com
tel.: +45 96 14 37 00
DKK
1,500,000
2nd quarter
2010
ENS33033-0333
Demonstration of micro combined heat SEAS-NVE
and power (CHP) based on Danish fuel
cells, phase 3
Kristina Fløche Juelsgaard
KFJ@seas-nve.dk
tel.: +45 70 29 29 29
DKK
28,101,000
4th quarter
2012
ENS63011-0034
HyLift-0 – Development and
benchmarking of 1st generation HTPEM/Li-Ion hybrid motive power
system for forklifts
H2 Logic A/S
Jacob Hansen
info@h2logic.dk
tel.: +45 96 27 56 00
DKK
1,597,000
2nd quarter
2010
ENS63011-0068
Development of low-cost and highperformance MEA and bipolar plate
processes for PEM fuel cells
IRD Fuel Cells A/S
Steen Yde-Andersen
ird@ird.dk
tel.: +45 63 63 30 00
DKK
5,000,000
2nd quarter
2010
ENS63011-0200
Second-generation alkaline electrolysis Hydrogen Innovation
and Research Centre
(HIRC)
Lars Yde
ly@hirc.dk
tel.: +45 70 20 46 11
DKK
9,500,000
4th quarter
2011
ENS63011-0205
DanDan
Dantherm Power A/S Paw V. Mortensen
pvm@dantherm.com
tel.: +45 51 38 40 68
DKK
6,505,000
1st quarter
2011
energy · RESEARCH · DEVELOPMENT · DEMONSTRATION · 2010
79
Projects in progress · Hydrogen and fuel cells
Project no.
Project title
Project manager
Contact
Funding
Completion
ENS63011-0211
SEE-microFC – socio-economic and
energy systems analysis of micro fuel
cells (Hyco-ERA-NET application)
Materials Research
Division at Risø DTU
Poul Erik Morthorst
pemo@risoe.dtu.dk
tel.: +45 46 77 47 66
DKK
1,250,000
4th quarter
2010
Project no.
Project title
Project manager
Contact
Funding
Completion
Fuel cells with high efficiency
Topsoe Fuel Cell A/S
Niels Christiansen
nc@topsoe.dk
tel.: +45 45 27 20 85
DKK
30,000,000
2009
Forklifts powered by hydrogen
– clean power supply
H2 Logic A/S
Jacob Hansen
jh@h2logic.com
tel.: +45 28 71 89 45
DKK
7,000,000
2012
High efficiency fuel cells
Topsoe Fuel Cell A/S
Claus Friis Pedersen
clfp@topsoe.dk
tel.: +45 45 27 84 85
DKK
15,000,000
2011
Photo: Risø DTU
80
energy · RESEARCH · DEVELOPMENT · DEMONSTRATION · 2010
Completed projects · Hydrogen and fuel cells
Microbial fuel cell – used in direct conversion of lignocellulosic waste to energy
Pr. manager:
DCSR:
Result:
Biosystems Division at Risø DTU · Anne Belinda Thomsen · tel.: +45 46 77 41 64
DKK 4,000,548
Completed 4th quarter 2009
The project developed a microbial fuel cell (MFC), capable of generating electricity by degrading the
organic matter in wastewater. The bacteria absorb energy by extracting electrons and protons from
the biomass. A voltage field thus arises, which can be converted into electricity. The produced MFC
was tested on wastewater from straw pre-treatment for bioethanol production, and it turned out that
the matter not usable for ethanol production can be used to produce power instead. This is true for C5
sugar and acetic acid, which can be converted without enzyme addition.
DCSR · 2104-05-0003
Safe and effective hydrogen storage
Pr. manager:
DCSR:
Result:
Danish Technological Institute · Jens Christiansen · tel.: +45 72 20 24 98
DKK 2,500,000
Completed 2nd quarter 2009
The project addresses a new storage principle, where hydrogen as ammonia is stored in metal-amine
complexes. In compact form, the complexes may contain over 100 kg hydrogen/m3 – more than
the US Department of Energy 2015 goal of 80 kg/m3. A storage unit was developed containing approx. 8.5 kg ammonia and weighing approx. 20 kg in total. A PhD study developed new catalysts to
produce hydrogen from ammonia. Moreover, ammonia reformers were developed, producing 400 l
of hydrogen/hour with an efficiency ratio of more than 90%. A PEMFC ran for several hours on the
reformed matter without output decrease.
DCSR · 2104-05-0016
PEM stack and system development – Part II
Pr. manager:
PSO:
Result:
IRD Fuel Cell A/S · Laila Grahl-Madsen · tel.: +45 62 80 00 10
DKK 10,389,000
Completed 4th quarter 2009
The project objective was to optimise an LT PEM-based µCHP and UPS system. Both IRD and Dantherm
obtained significant project results. The project results regarding MEA performance, lifetime and stack
cost accomplish the national Danish targets defined in 2008. The design and the internal system
power module at Dantherm was successfully tested and demonstrated for both power backup and for
µCHP applications with promising results.
ForskEL · 6333
Development of HT-PEMFC stack for CHP unit
Pr. manager:
PSO:
Result:
DTU Chemistry · Niels J. Bjerrum · tel.: +45 45 25 23 10
DKK 3,000,000
Completed 2nd quarter 2009
The project objective was to perfect Danish technology in high temperature PEM fuel cells. It lasted
two years and addressed the fuel cell components membranes, cells and cell stacks. The primary
results were improved control and upscaling of polymer PBI synthesis, more production-friendly
technology for electrode manufacturing and development of a liquid-cooled high-temperature PEMFC
stack. The project also obtained a string of more material-technological results. The work will continue
in the project consortium HotMEA.
ForskEL · 7328
SOFC/TEG
Pr. manager:
PSO:
Result:
Dantherm Power A/S · Paw Mortensen · tel.: +45 96 14 37 50
DKK 1,522,000
Completed 2nd quarter 2009
The main objective of the SOFTEG project is to combine two promising energy technologies in a micro
Combined Heat and Power (µCHP) system for residential use. Combining a thermo-electric generator
(TEG) with a Solid Oxide Fuel Cell module (SOFC) raises the electric efficiency of the µCHP system by
more than 5%, a substantial improvement positioning the Danish SOFC µCHP systems in a leading
position. By increasing the electrical efficiency of a SOFC system by 5 percentage points, the yearly hours
of operation can be increased about 5%. The increased hours of operation and higher efficiency reduce
the pay back time of a SOFC system by 10%, as the kW price for TEGs is at the same level as the SOFC
system target prices in year 2010.
ForskEL · 7474
energy · RESEARCH · DEVELOPMENT · DEMONSTRATION · 2010
81
Completed projects · Hydrogen and fuel cells
Continued SOFC cell and stack development
Pr. manager:
PSO:
Result:
ForskEL · 10049
CanDan2 – phase 1. R&D second-generation fuel cell systems and large-scale demon stration in backup power and materials handling applications in Canada and Denmark
Pr. manager:
ERP:
Result:
ENS-33033-0286
Dantherm Power A/S · Paw V. Mortensen · tel.: +45 96 14 37 00
DKK 5,000,000
Completed 2nd quarter 2009
The project continued the activities under the Danish-Canadian project on more cost-efficient second-generation fuel cell systems for the UPS markets and materials handling. In the UPS segment, a 10 kW prototype
was developed with costs close to the project objective of USD 2,500/kW, and the modules were used for
several CanDan-related demonstration projects in Canada. In the materials handling segment, a hydrogen
dispenser was developed, the first prototype successfully tested at a refuelling station, and preparations
were made for the new fuel cell prototype, which is to be developed under EDDP project 63011-0045.
Manufacture of cells and stacks for SOFC development, test and
demonstration projects and SOFC hotbox design development, Phase 2
Pr. manager:
EDDP:
Result:
ENS-63011-0029
Topsoe Fuel Cell · Niels Christiansen · tel.: +45 45 27 20 80
DKK 10,532,000
Completed 1st quarter 2009
This project demonstrated that cells may be produced with an area larger than 500 cm2. An improved
cathode based on LSCF-CGO composite will also be demonstrated. It has now been tested for more than
3,000 hours with humidified air and natural gas. The project demonstrated design, assembling and operat­
ion of a stack with a cell area of 18x30 cm. It was also demonstrated how a significantly lower gas leakage
can be achieved by optimising the mechanical design in the sealing area. Additionally, the project proved
how incorporating Cr-getters in the stack design decreases degradation significant.
Topsoe Fuel Cell A/S · Søren Primdahl · tel.: +45 45 27 00 00
DKK 8,000,000
Completed 3rd quarter 2009
The project worked with three key objectives in the roadmap on Danish fuel cell strategy. Optimisation of fuel cell production, an area in which the project succeeded in saving electricity and raw
materials by using new methods and techniques and by introducing more automated machines at the
new factory. Two new and more efficient stack designs were implemented as routine production. The
10 kW SOFC demonstration unit at the H.C. Ørsted Power Station was equipped with two batch stacks,
the considerable challenges providing us with new insight – until now outside Topsoe Fuel Cell’s core
competences – and that may promote development of the PowerCore system (hotbox).
LINK2009. Development and demonstration of second-generation
fuel cell hybrid vehicles and hydrogen refuelling stations
Pr. manager:
EDDP:
Result:
ENS-63011-0069
H2 Logic A/S · Jacob Hansen · tel.: +45 96 27 56 00
DKK 5,000,000
Completed 1st quarter 2010
This first phase of LINK2009 developed a new optimised fuel cell technology for road vehicles with an efficiency ratio of 42-48% and a system price of EUR 4,500/kW, including hydrogen stock. The technology was
developed for both a city car and an industrial vehicle. Technical concepts for hydrogen refuelling technology
at both 350 bar and 700 bar refuelling as well as hydrogen production at refuelling stations were developed.
The work demonstrating the developed technology will continue under EDDP project 64009-0172 with four
vehicles and a refuelling station, etc. A total of 17 vehicles and three refuelling stations are to be demonstrated in LINK2009-related activities.
lEA Hydrogen 2009 – participation in Implementing Agreement
Pr. manager:
EDDP:
Result:
ENS-63011-0208
82
Danish Gas Technology Centre · Jan K. Jensen · tel.: +45 40 40 46 14
DKK 248,000
Completed 1st quarter 2010
The project funded the Danish participation in the IEA hydrogen research cooperation – HIA – e.g. as a member of the Executive Committee. The partnership agreement comprises 23 full members and 3-4 ob­servers.
The total Hydrogen Implementing Agreement activities, including cooperation and coordination with other
partnership agreements and international organisations, are communicated on the www.ieahia.org website, while the Danish Gas Technology Centre has set up a Danish website www.h2-info.dk, on which the
Danish network can seek information on participants and activities and find current reports and newsletters, etc. Currently HIA has 10 active tasks, six of which include participants from Denmark.
energy · RESEARCH · DEVELOPMENT · DEMONSTRATION · 2010
Wave power
Total
9.0
2.6
1.2
0.0
9.3
0.3
4.0
25.6
42.0
9.2
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
0
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140
DCSR
ForskEL + ForskVE
ERP/EDDP
Research to bring wave power
closer to the market
Wave power facilities hold the potential to contribute significantly
opment. Wave Star has received EDDP funding for upscaling and
to future energy production, but are still far behind more modern
demon­strating its 500 kW wave power unit. First, Wave Star in-
energy technologies such as wind power. Therefore, research ef-
stalled a lighter version with a 110 kW capacity in the autumn of
forts need to be intensified and better coordinated to exploit this
2009, in which the floats have the same dimensions as the full-
potential. So far, the wave power facilities put into operation
scale unit. If the test operation at Roshage Mole in Hanstholm goes
around the world have shown that energy can be produced from
according to schedule, the next phase will be a test of the full-scale
waves, although not at a price that is competitive against other
modern RE technologies.
Focus on technological challenge
Several of the promising wave power concepts were tested on a
This being the case, the Danish Council for Strategic Research’s Pro-
small scale in the test tank at Aalborg University before funding
gramme Commission on Sustainable Energy and Environment has
was allocated to pilot plants and further upscaling.
decided to allocate just under DKK 20 million to a strategic research
alliance aimed at bringing wave power closer to the market, a
project to be managed by the Department of Civil Engineering-AAU.
The project centres on one of the biggest technological challenges
facing the industry: developing a joint design basis for wave power
facilities that will make the facilities more reliable as well as lower
the price of the energy produced to a more competitive level.
The tools being developed during the project must enable AAU and
the individual technology developers to simulate the actual resistance
of the new and upscaled wave power concepts to wave loads, so new,
expensive damage in the North Sea and at Nissum Bredning can be
prevented. The coming research will also make it possible to improve
the economy of future projects because simulations can identify the
optimum economic balance between safety level and construction
costs. Technology developers must also be able to assess the impact
of extreme loads and ongoing wave loads on the coming structures.
Wave Star being tested in North Sea waves
In recent years, EDDP and Energinet.dk have provided project funding for several wave power concepts at various stages of devel-
Photo: Torben Nielsen
energy · RESEARCH · DEVELOPMENT · DEMONSTRATION · 2010
83
Wave power
unit in the same location. Long term, the idea is to move the unit
into commercial operation off the offshore wind farm Horns Rev II,
where it can make use of the existing landing cable.
Wave Stars’ simplified full-scale version containing 2 x 2 floats
As upscaling proceeds, Wave Star has produced fine results with
was commissioned in the rough North Sea waves at Roshage Mole
greater production compared to previously measured efficiency. A
in the autumn of 2009.
Photos: Wave Star
mathematical model tested at AAU with the support of ForskEL lies
Like several others under way, these concepts will stand stronger as
behind the success. Wave Star has also patented its control system
the industry through the AAU research alliance initiatives becomes
for individual float control. However, the technology has been much
able to devise a more long-term strategy for future technology de-
more expensive to develop than expected, and the company went
velopment.
through a highly conflict-ridden restructuring that delayed project
completion. ForskVE has granted operations support for electricity
In addition to the new research alliance, technology developers in
generation from both the lighter version and the full-scale unit.
the wave power industry may apply for funding from the newly
established commercial fund Danish Wave Energy Center, which is
More new concepts to come
to coordinate the industry’s practical development work in the area
Wave Dragon, another of the more established wave power con-
near Hanstholm and the work for a stronger public understanding
cepts, has been plagued by accidents, earlier with damage at Nis-
of wave power potential.
sum Bredning and most recently a total loss sustained in March due
to ice packing. LEANCON Wave Energy has successfully completed
testing a very simple OWC concept on a scale of 1:40 in AAU’s wave
tank and, with renewed ForskEL funding, has started upscaling to
a scale of 1:10 at Nissum Bredning. Following similar successful
testing in the wave tank, Waveenergyfyn’s crest wing has received
ForskEL funding for building a prototype. DEXA Wave Energy has
been working determinedly on its concept’s Power-Take-Off (PTO)
and has now received ForskEL funding for a unit on a scale of 1:5.
84
energy · RESEARCH · DEVELOPMENT · DEMONSTRATION · 2010
Funded projects · Wave power
Structural design of wave energy devices
Department of Civil Engineering-AAU
Jens Peter Kofoed · jpk@civil.aau.dk
tel.: +45 99 40 84 74
Participants: DHI, Technical University of Denmark, Det Norske Veritas B.V., DISTART, University of Bologna,
Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rambøll
DKK 19,551,475
DCSR:
Total budget: DKK 25,500,000
Completion: 4th quarter 2014
Pr. manager:
Contact:
The project gathers international research com­
munities to develop design tools and a common
design basis for wave power facilities to make
them more competitive. The aim is to develop
a wave-to-wire model with the potential of
increasing the reliability of wave power facilities
and lowering the price of generated energy to a
competitive level.
DCSR · 09-067257
The Crestwing final test
Pr. manager:
Contact:
Participants:
Waveenergyfyn
Henning Pilgaard · bloom@mail.tele.dk
tel.: +45 65 36 17 65
DHI
The basic Crestwing structure is simple, consisting
of two flat, interconnected floats. The facility
tested at AAU revealed high efficiency and this
test is to pave the way for subsequent prototype
construction.
DKK 2,248,800
PSO:
Total budget: DKK 2,248,800
Completion: 2nd quarter 2011
ForskEL - 10465
Wave Dragon Prototype; O&M Database
Pr. manager:
Contact:
Participants:
Wave Dragon ApS
Erik Friis-Madsen · efm@wavedragon.net
tel.: +45 35 36 02 19
Department of Energy Technology-AAU
DKK 1,948,200
PSO:
Total budget: DKK 2,539,000
Completion: 2nd quarter 2012
Establishment of a database of O&M data for Wave
Dragon established in Nissum Bredning. Great
uncertainty exists in the field of fatigue impact on
single components used in a wave device caused
by repeated wave loads over several years of
operation. The database will be made available
for the international science community.
ForskVE - 10503
DEXA1:5 – Testing a new pre-commercial wave converter
Pr. manager:
Contact:
Participants:
DEXA Wave Energy ApS
Lars Elbæk · le@dexawave.com
tel.: +45 40 37 06 77
AVN Energy, A1 Consult, Department of Civil
Engineering-AAU
DKK 5,000,000
PSO:
Total budget: DKK 9,377,000
Completion: 1st quarter 2013
DEXA1:5 is a development project, which aims to
use an innovative, simple and flexible technology
to validate wave power as a cost-effective, competitive source of electricity generation. Activities
defined include manufacture of a 5 kW model
converter, procedures and test setup, deployment,
power production and performance assessment.
ForskEL 10516
energy · RESEARCH · DEVELOPMENT · DEMONSTRATION · 2010
85
Projects in progress · Wave power
Project no.
Project title
Project manager
ForskEL 6459
Further development of the wave
power plant Wave Dragon in prepa­
ration for full-scale demonstration in
the North Sea, phase B
ForskEL 10232
Funding
Completion
Wave Dragon Test Aps H.C. Sørensen
hcs@wavedragon.net
tel.: +45 35 36 02 19
DKK
4,293,020
2nd quarter
2010
Advanced Wave Energy Converter II
LEANCON Wave
Energy
Kurt Due Rasmussen
kdr@leancon.dk
tel.: +45 75 50 57 60
DKK
2,372,697
3rd quarter
2010
ForskEL 10239
Optimisation of kWh production
and reliability of WSE unit,
ForskEL part
Wave Star A/S
Jeanette Hylleborg
jhy@wavestarenergy.com
tel.: +45 31 72 46 96
DKK
5,000,000
2nd quarter
2011
ForskVE 10305
Energy production on Roshage
test systems (WSE-02)
Wave Star A/S
Jeanette Hylleborg
jhy@wavestarenergy.com
tel.: +45 40 40 46 96
DKK
2,000,000
4th quarter
2011
ForskVE 10306
Continued energy production
on Horns Rev 500 kW syst. (WSE-03)
Wave Star A/S
Jeanette Hylleborg
jhy@wavestarenergy.com
tel.: +45 40 40 46 96
DKK
15,000,000
1st quarter
2014
Project no.
Project title
Project manager
Contact
Funding
Completion
ENS63011-0067
Wave Star C5, 500 kW demonstrator
for the North Sea
Wave Star A/S
Bent Kristensen
info@wavestarenergy.com
tel.: +45 39 20 46 96
DKK
19,999,000
3rd quarter
2011
Photo: Wave Star
86
energy · RESEARCH · DEVELOPMENT · DEMONSTRATION · 2010
Contact
Efficient
energy usee
Total
28.6
13.2
31.7
28.1
50.0
37.6
79.1
113.4
81.3
25.0
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
0
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140
DCSR
ForskEL
Elforsk
ERP/EDDP
ATF
Comprehensive development
activities in energy-efficient renovation
By establishing the Danish Energy Saving Trust, politicians have
social housing sectors are included in the project group, together
put a sharper focus on realising the significant energy-savings po-
with major suppliers and competent advisers. The concept, still being
tential contained, not least, in existing buildings. This centre plus
developed, is to be tested in the Albertslund local authority area on
the knowledge centre for energy savings in buildings at the Danish
nine houses considered representative of this type of construction.
Technological Institute now provide a suitable organisational framework for a stronger effort aimed at applying new research results
An EDDP project in the Ballerup local authority area intends to de-
in practice.
velop four key technologies for standard concepts for energy-efficient renovation of owner-occupied flats, which will be combined
During the past years, the high priority given to energy savings
with financing packages. This model must be demonstrated in six
has also impacted funding from the strategic energy research pro-
owner-occupied flats. DTU Civil Engineering is also attempting to
grammes. The Department of Civil Engineering-AAU is coordinat-
develop system solutions for comprehensive post-insulation of the
ing a long-term joint effort to develop solutions for carbon-neutral
building envelope, where the technical proposals are integrated in
buildings comprising both public research environments and private
package solutions that also comprise financing. This model must
companies in the construction sector.
be demonstrated on three typical single-family homes built between 1960 and 1980.
Renovation to low-energy class 1
In view of the massive, unrealised potential for energy savings in
New and existing concepts for energy-efficient renovation of large
buildings, EDDP has chosen to make energy-efficient renovation
buildings, i.e. multi-storey buildings, offices and public buildings,
a high priority. EDDP supports a number of projects aimed at de-
are being tested in the Albertslund local authority area, where a
veloping and testing new concepts that not only lead to more
project group including COWI and DTU is integrating various heating
efficient technology solutions but also have a business potential
pump solutions, energy storage in constructions and solar heating.
and thus the prospect of translating results into specific energy sav-
In the Slagelse local authority area, COWI and Slagelse Boligselskab
ings. These concepts comprise both single-family houses and multi-
are attempting to update social multi-storey housing from 1967 to
storey buildings.
an energy-efficiency level corresponding to the low-energy classes
or possibly the passive-house standard.
A project group under the Danish Technological Institute is thus in
the process of developing, testing and demonstrating a concept for
Esbensen Consulting Engineers has received funding for a renova-
energy-efficient renovation of industrialised housing. The project
tion concept that will combine a flexible, super-insulated facade
objective is to bring renovated houses to the level of new build-
system with demand-controlled ventilation and integration of solar
ings in low-energy class 1, i.e. to make them more energy-efficient
heating and PV cells, thus allowing existing multi-storey buildings
than the energy requirements in the current building regulations.
to be updated to low-energy class 1. If the concept is able to meet
Stronger industrialisation with prefabricated components is to en-
expectations, the plan is to demonstrate it on existing multi-storey
sure lower costs. Building administrators for both the private and
buildings.
energy · RESEARCH · DEVELOPMENT · DEMONSTRATION · 2010
87
Efficient energy use
DTU Civil Engineering is endeavouring to compile a collection of
which in combination with low-energy panes will ensure high in-
examples to systematise the preliminary experience in energy-
sulation properties. In an ERP project, Fiberline Composites has co­
efficient renovation.
operated with DTU Civil Engineering on developing a construction in
glassfibre-reinforced polyester, already being marketed in combina-
In preparing an overall strategy, the strategic partnership for ener-
tion with two and three-layer low-energy panes. The company has
gy-efficient building EnergiBYG, which gathers all key players in the
also received funding from the Advanced Technology Foundation to
construction sector through industry associations, has also focused
develop a maintenance-free window frame with double the insulat-
strongly on the market potential for energy renovation. This ap-
ing effect of the most energy-efficient products in the market.
plies not only to Denmark, but also to the rest of Europe, where EU
targets for 20% higher energy efficiency towards 2020 can only be
Heating pumps in new applications
realised by including existing buildings.
Heating pumps are considered a key element in the efforts to cover the
need for building heating and cooling with a minimum of CO2 emis-
Intelligent building materials
sions. Heating pumps can replace oil or natural gas furnaces in areas
Although the greatest potential for improving energy efficiency lies
not covered by district heating and thus reduce the use of fossil fuels.
in energy renovation, the energy consumption of new buildings can
Moreover, intelligent control of heating pump consumption can help
be reduced still further. In one Elforsk project, COWI is trying to de­
balance consumption with fluctuating electricity system generation.
monstrate the effect of thermo-active constructions, which through
integrated hoses in floors are capable of storing surplus cold and
Through several projects, Elforsk has helped establish strong com-
heat and releasing this energy whenever needed. This principle
petence environments in energy-efficient heating pumps, e.g. at
has already been incorporated in the Royal Danish Playhouse, and
the Danish Technological Institute and at Advansor, established by
measurements at the bank Middelfart Sparekasse’s new head office
former employees at the Danish Technological Institute. Advansor
are expected to provide further systematic documentation.
has received project funding to analyse the possibilities of using
A new interesting target area involves phase-changing materials
for low-temperature process heat and cooling. KSN Industri has re-
(PCM), which can be cast in building materials and increase the net
ceived funding to develop a heating pump solution for an industry-
energy contribution of a construction. The Danish Building Research
grade washing machine that could halve electricity consumption.
Institute-AAU is in charge of an Elforsk project conducting the first
Under an ERP funded project, the Technological Institute is about to
Danish tests and calculations, while the Danish National Advanced
complete development work on a mini heating pump designed to
Technology Foundation has granted funding for developing con-
cover the heating requirements of low-energy houses.
trans-critical CO2 heating pumps to cover industrial businesses’ need
crete with capsules containing phase-changing materials.
In an ERP project, COWI has investigated the conditions for using
BASF, which produces phase-changing materials, is participating in
district heating-driven adsorption heating pumps with underground
both projects together with the Danish Technological Institute and
storage for cooling and heating. This concept may result in CO2 sav-
the Department of Civil Engineering-AAU, thus allowing the two
ings of almost 30% and is applicable in areas where the subsoil is
projects to share knowledge on an ongoing basis. The project of the
suitable for buildings and the cooling requirement is at least half
Danish National Advanced Technology Foundation is to study vari-
of the heating requirement. The repayment time for the additional
ous locations and concentrations of the phase-changing material,
investment of approx. 14 years is assessed to be reasonable in
and system solutions need to be developed so that the concrete
view of the expected lifetime of the installation. This technology
elements can be tested at full scale.
has been applied in Denmark’s first carbon-neutral public building –
Green Light House at the University of Copenhagen.
In EnergyFlexHouse at the Technological Institute, a concept for
controlling all energy services in a manner that ensures users the
New promising ventilation concepts
highest degree of influence is being tested. EnergyFlexHouse is
In lighting, DTU Fotonik is continuing its work to find new applica-
inhabited by different families who want to participate in experi-
tions for LED light sources. Elforsk has funded a project to develop
ments concerning energy-efficient and intelligent housing.
LED lighting that follows the rhythm of daylight, and the cooperation between this research environment and the myriad new en-
88
Energy-efficient building components are being developed in addi-
trepreneurial companies is to be systematised through the estab-
tion to the concept for renovation and new building. A massive sav-
lishment of an actual network to promote knowledge sharing and
ings potential exists in frame/sill constructions without cold bridges,
commercialisation of research results.
energy · RESEARCH · DEVELOPMENT · DEMONSTRATION · 2010
Green Light House used adsorption heating pumps with underground storage to achieve the status as Denmark’s first carbonneutral public building.
Photo: Adam Mørk/Velux
The work to develop LED light sources for plant-lighting in nurser-
cept with ERP support. Another concept for modulating ventilation is
ies will continue in both a new Elforsk project and an EDDP project
being developed in an Elforsk project aimed at office buildings.
in which the good regulating properties of LED light sources can
both improve growth conditions for potted plants and achieve
A special target area in ventilation involves piggeries where annual
major electricity savings. A new entrepreneurial company, Jesper
electricity consumption is estimated at around 350 GWh, although sev-
Olsen, will develop a LED-based system for shop lighting on behalf
eral energy-efficient systems have reduced consumption per sty area.
of Elforsk to create an attractive lighting design with optimum col-
However, SKOV A/S has now, together with the Danish Technological
our rendition. An LED-based system will result in major electricity
Institute, developed a user-friendly stable-ventilation unit capable of
savings compared with existing high-voltage halogen lighting, be-
just about halving electricity consumption and reducing noise problems.
cause it is possible to save on both lighting and cooling.
The new unit will be marketed before the end of 2010 in both Denmark
and abroad, and pig breeders can expect to cover the additional invest-
The closer building envelope in both new building and energy-ren­
ment in less than three years. A new Elforsk project utilises these results
ovated buildings increases the demand for regulating indoor cli-
to develop ventilation systems with biological air cleaning.
mate, and both Elforsk and EDDP projects are working on promising,
new concepts for potentially massive energy savings. The applica-
Elforsk is continuing its endeavours to create a basis for providing syste­
tion of natural ventilation and heat recovery is estimated to offer
m­atic information about electricity consumption of appliances and equip-
consider­able savings potential in respect of both construction costs
ment not yet comprised by EU energy labelling. In 2009, the Da­nish­Tech-
and regular energy consumption. In another EDDP project, Esbensen
nological Institute developed test facilities and a labelling basis for ventila-
Consulting Engineers is to demonstrate such a concept in a sports
tion devices and an internet-based positive list for professional dryers
hall, with savings projected at 40%, after having developed the con-
will be developed in continuation of a similar list for washing machines.
energy · RESEARCH · DEVELOPMENT · DEMONSTRATION · 2010
89
Funded projects · Efficient energy use
Northern light-emitting diode initiative (NORLED)
DTU Fotonik
Haiyan Ou · haou@fotonik.dtu.dk
tel.: +45 45 25 63 74
Participants: Linköping University, Jönköping University, Royal
Institute of Technology, Optoga AB, Trans Atlantic Technology AB, University of Oslo, University
of Erlangen
DKK 2,187,672
DCSR:
Total budget: DKK 5,250,000
Completion: 4th quarter 201
Pr. manager:
Contact:
N-INNER 09-072118
The overall goal of the NORLED project is to
develop an innovative and industrially feasible
white LED technology able to surmount market
barriers and meet consumer needs. The project
will develop an innovative, white and phosphorfree LED structure, which has a highly efficient
lighting profile with a comfortable lighting quality
for the human eye.
Activating the Building Construction for Building Environmental Control
Department of Civil Engineering-AAU
Per Heiselberg · ph@civil.aau.dk
tel.: +45 99 40 85 41
Participants: DTU Civil Engineering, Tsinghua University,
Tianjin University
DKK 7,585,334
DCSR:
Total budget: DKK 8,400,000
Completion: 3rd quarter 2013
Pr. manager:
Contact:
China cooperation 09-071598
A+E:3D – digital tool for considering architectural energy
optimisation in architectural design early in the design process
vglcph aps
Vibeke Grupe Larsen · vgl@vglcph.dk
tel.: +45 26 28 02 89
Participants: DBRI-AAU, InteractiveLabProductions, Henning
Larsen Arkitekter, Akademisk Arkitektforening,
Esbensen Consulting Engineers A/S
DKK 1,695,505
PSO:
Total budget: DKK 3,070,750
Completion: 2nd quarter 2011
Pr. manager:
Contact:
BUILDINGS
ELFORSK · 342-014
The project will produce new knowledge on
thermal activation of building structures that will
form the basis for developing new concepts for
building energy optimisation. The project will
also strengthen research cooperation on energyefficient construction between leading research
groups in Denmark and China.
The project covers first phase of a web-based visual programme that will ensure strategic energy
optimisation at an early stage of the design phase
by calculating energy consumption, daylight
conditions and indoor climate in buildings. In its
first phase, the project will develop an analysis
and dialogue tool able to handle simple building
geometries.
Centre for Building Simulation
Pr. manager:
Contact:
Participants:
DKK 299,566
PSO:
Total budget: DKK 367,357
Completion: 1st quarter 2011
ELFORSK · 342-026
Contact:
Participants:
90
The project group will run two workshops with
Danish stakeholders and international experts to
determine whether an interest exist for establishing a Centre for Building Simulation that can
help uphold Denmark’s leading position in energy
simulation for buildings. Finally, the project should
prepare an application for funding for establishing
the centre.
EnergyFlexHouse family: Smart energy services to low-energy houses,
based on user-driven innovation
Pr. manager:
ELFORSK · 342-058
DTU Civil Engineering
Jørgen Erik Christensen · jec@byg.dtu.dk
tel.: +45 45 25 18 53
DBRI-AAU
Danish Technological Institute.
Energy and Climate
Peter Svendsen · peter.svendsen@teknologisk.dk
tel.: +45 72 20 25 56
AsgerBC lys, Seluxit, NILAN
DKK 1,208,700
PSO:
Total budget: DKK 2,171,225
Completion: 1st quarter 2012
energy · RESEARCH · DEVELOPMENT · DEMONSTRATION · 2010
Jointly with test families living in the low-energy
experimental house EnergyFlexHouse, a concept will be developed for controlling all energy
services to achieve the lowest possible energy
consumption. Focus will be on practical test of
alternative control options compared to users’
evaluation of supplied energy services and the
concept user interface.
Funded projects · Efficient energy use
Advanced thermal models for energy-efficient building design
Pr. manager:
Contact:
Participants:
DBRI-AAU
Kjeld Johnsen · kjj@sbi.dk
tel.: +45 99 40 23 87
Department of Civil Engineering-AAU,
WindowMaster
DKK 809,22
PSO:
Total budget: DKK 2,578,920
Completion: 1st quarter 2013
Coordinated by DBRI-AAU under Aalborg University’s Civil Engineering research school, a PhD
study will develop models for thermal indoor
climate that can provide a complete picture of
thermal conditions in a room. The models should
be implemented in the BSim program package to
be immediately applicable in practice.
BUILDINGS
ELFORSK · 342-064
Energy-saving potential by combining cooling and cleaning of air in offices
Pr. manager:
Contact:
Participants:
DBRI-AAU
Alireza Afshari · ala@sbi.dk
tel.: +45 99 40 23 93
Lindab Ventilation A/S, Ari Manager Nordic A/S
The project will test a new air-condition system
based on Closed Coupled Field Technology (CCFT)
that can remove gases and particles from indoor
air and also give less pressure loss compared to
existing filters. The system is expected to save 1020% energy while improving the indoor climate.
DKK 1,179,977
PSO:
Total budget: DKK 3,367,537
Completion: 4th quarter 2012
Ventilation
ELFORSK · 342-016
Energy-efficient biological air cleansing for agriculturel use
Pr. manager:
Contact:
Participants:
SKOV A/S
Svend Morsing · smo@skov.dk
tel.: +45 72 17 55 55
Danish Technologial Institute, Danish Exergy
Technology, Lokal Energi-Handel
DKK 1,128,375
PSO:
Total budget: DKK 2,136,875
Completion: 4th quarter 2011
ELFORSK · 342-041
Reduced energy consumption for ventilation in buildings
by integrating air cleaning and heat pump
Pr. manager:
Contact:
Participants:
Centre for Indoor Environment and Energy
at DTU Civil Engineering
Lei Fang · fl@byg.dtu.dk · tel.: +45 45 25 40 22
COWI A/S, Exhausto A/S
DKK 398,594
PSO:
Total budget: DKK 510,844
Completion: 2nd quarter 2011
On the basis of experience from project 340-033,
this project will develop components specifically
optimised for new ventilation systems with biological air cleaning. The project will develop and test
an intelligent system control prototype for operation optimisation and subsequently a full-scale
plant will be demonstrated in a piggery.
The first phase carries out numerical simulation of
a new ventilation principle that cleans recirculated
room air as an alternative to outdoor air supply.
The project will use a silica gel rotor with minor
pressure loss in combination with a heating pump.
The set-up is expected to reduce energy consumption for ventilation by up to 50% compared to
mechanical ventilation by heat recovery.
ELFORSK · 342-049
Energy-efficient retail lighting based on LED
– development of commercial lighting system and interface
Pr. manager:
Contact:
Participants:
JesperOlsen ApS
Jesper Olsen · jo@jesper-olsen.dk
tel.: +45 27 13 89 99
I-NO Applied LED Technology, Lik A/S
DKK 907,650
PSO:
Total budget: DKK 1,735,500
Completion: 2nd quarter 2011
The project will develop an energy-efficient
LED-based retail lighting system, in which the
colour temperature and tones may be controlled
dynamically to enable stores and shops to present
their goods in attractive lighting design with
optimum colour rendering. The system design is
based on Scandinavian design traditions and will
save energy on both lighting and cooling.
Lighting
ELFORSK · 342-021
energy · RESEARCH · DEVELOPMENT · DEMONSTRATION · 2010
91
Funded projects · Efficient energy use
Danish LED Network
Pr. manager:
Contact:
Lighting
Participants:
DTU Fotonik
Paul Michael Petersen · pape@fotonik.dtu.dk
tel.: +45 46 77 45 12
Osram A/S, Danish Lighting Center
DKK 400,000
PSO:
Total budget: DKK 620,940
Completion: 1st quarter 2012
ELFORSK · 342-029
Combined daylight and Intelligent LED lighting
– getting the daylight into the buildings
DTU Fotonik
Carsten Dam-Hansen · cadh@fotonik.dtu.dk
tel.: +45 46 77 45 13
Participants: DBRI-AAU, Rambøll Danmark, Energirådgiveren,
Philips Lighting Danmark
DKK 1,397,852
PSO:
Total budget: DKK 2,450,607
Completion: 3rd quarter 2012
Pr. manager:
Contact:
ELFORSK · 342-044
IPU Refrigeration and Energy Engineering
Morten Juel Skovrup · mjs@ipu.dk
tel.: +45 45 25 41 20
Participants: DBRI-AAU, Rambøll, Danish Technological
Institute, Birton A/S, tt-coil as, Systemair
DKK 1,410,295
PSO:
Total budget: DKK 2,810,295
Completion: 1st quarter 2012
ELFORSK · 342-051
By utilising the unique colour-rendering properties of
LED technology, the project will develop and demonstrate a new concept of intelligent LED lighting that
will reflect daylight rhythm. New LED lighting systems
will be combined with a new colour-sensor system
that registers daylight levels, and control strategies will
be optimised through model calculations and tests.
Optimisation of cooling and heating pump systems
through interaction between PackCalc and BSim
Pr. manager:
Contact:
Cooling
The project will set up a network of companies
and research environments in electronics, optics,
cooling and material technology with a view to
promote knowledge sharing and commercialisation of LED technology development and applications. The network is to become a forum for
teaching the population about the new energyefficient light sources.
The project integrates the PackCalc and BSim programs to allow consultant to analyse in detail any
energy and comfort impacts of alternative choices
of cooling plants and/or heating pumps with related control strategy. As a result, it will be possible
rapidly to identify the energy-economic optimum
way of covering building users’ comfort needs.
Heating pumps using vertical bore hole as heat source
Refrigeration and Heat Pump Technology
at Danish Technological Institute
Claus Schøn Poulsen
claus.s.poulsen@teknologisk.dk
tel.: +45 72 20 25 14
Participants: VIA University College, NILAN A/S, Danfoss Heat
Pumps, Rambøll, Franck Geoteknik, Foreningen
Energi Horsens
DKK 465,540
PSO:
Total budget: DKK 951,740
Completion: 1st quarter 2011
Pr. manager:
Contact:
ELFORSK · 342-066
This preliminary project encompasses analyses,
calculations and simulations and will establish
the theoretical basis for a possible use of heating
pumps with vertical borings. The outcome is to be
a number of recommendations for the continued
work, a map of potential Danish sites for vertical
borings and a financial assessment of the concept.
High Efficiency Industrial Heating Pumps for High Temperatures
ADVANSOR A/S
Torben M. Hansen · torben.hansen@advansor.dk
tel.: +45 87 44 11 41
Participants: Cronborg, Danfoss A/S, Gerstenberg og Schröder,
GEA Grenco køleteknik, Jensen’s Food, Jutland
Meat A/S, Tican a.m.b.a., Odense Marcipan
DKK 1,043,500
PSO:
Total budget: DKK 3,673,000
Completion: 1st quarter 2012
Pr. manager:
Contact:
ELFORSK · 342-078
92
energy · RESEARCH · DEVELOPMENT · DEMONSTRATION · 2010
Analyses will be made to show how CO2 trans-crit­
ical heating pumps and isobutane heating pumps
can cover process heating needs in the temperature range of 80-90˚C in the food industry, and
how cooling plants can be optimised through cas­
cade connection to trans-critical heating pumps.
Subsequently, the solution is to be demonstrated
in an industrial company.
Funded projects · Efficient energy use
Energy Savings in Danish Trade and Industry by Reduction of Harmonics
Pr. manager:
Contact:
Participants:
Dansk Energi Analyse A/S
Mogens Johansson · dea@dea.dk
tel.: +45 38 79 70 70
ABB A/S, Balslev A/S Consulting Engineers
DKK 905,200
PSO:
Total budget: DKK 1,586,600
Completion: 3rd quarter 2011
Based on preliminary project 341-030, mapping of
electricity-saving potential by reducing harmonics
waves (THDU) with active filters will be improved.
The effect of such filters will be measured with
THDU of at least 5% in 2-3 companies, the results
being communicated in guidelines for electrical
engineers in the corporate sector.
POWER AND
CONTROL ELECTRONICS
ELFORSK · 342-030
Energy savings with ceramic bearings
Pr. manager:
Contact:
Participants:
Dansk Energi Analyse A/S
Mogens Johansson · MJ@dea.dk
tel.: +45 38 79 70 70
Ceramic Speed A/S
DKK 895,080
PSO:
Total budget: DKK 1,446,000
Completion: 3rd quarter 2011
The project develops ball bearings in ceramic
materials for use in engines and rotating enginepowered industrial machinery. The project will
conduct laboratory measurements of standard ball
bearings and of the newly developed energyefficient bearing types. Subsequently, the ball
bearings will be tested and measured in controlled
conditions in the industry.
Industrial processes
ELFORSK · 342-032
Heating pumps in industrial cleaning applications
KSN Industri A/S
Carsten Brødsgård · cbc@ksn.dk
tel.: +45 87 99 77 29
Participants: Danish Technological Institute, IPU,
Enervision A/S, midtVask,
Berendsen TextileService A/S, Grundfos A/S
DKK 1,277,173
PSO:
Total budget: DKK 2,746,531
Completion: 4th quarter 2011
Pr. manager:
Contact:
The project will develop a heating pump solution
for an industrial laundry machine being tested
at Grundfos for a specific washing process. The
solution is expected to lead to electricity savings
of about 50%. The project will also develop a
software tool which will rapidly show consultants,
producers and end-users whether the heating
pump solution is suited for other uses.
ELFORSK · 342-040
Integration of Plasma Treatment Casting for Energy Savings in Cast Iron Foundries
Pr. manager:
Contact:
Participants:
DTU Mechanical Engineering
Niels Skat Tiedje · nsti@mek.dtu.dk
tel.: +45 45 25 47 19
DISA Industries A/S, Migatronics A/S,
Valdemar Birn A/S, Netanya Plasmatec Ltd.
DKK 1,168,058
PSO:
Total budget: DKK 3,885,428
Completion: 4th quarter 2012
A PhD study will upgrade the plasma treatment
casting technology (PTC) for use in foundry machinery so that, by optimising the feeders of the
machinery with specially-designed arc welders,
savings will be achieved in energy, sand and iron
resources, and the end-product will have im­
proved mechanical properties.
ELFORSK · 342-050
Developing methods for classification of energy-efficient proposals
Centre for Operation and Maintenance
at Fredericia Engineering College
Jørgen Bjerg · jb@fms.dk · tel.: +45 40 47 36 09
Contact:
Participants: DS Trade and Industry, OVE,
Center for Energy Savings in Buildings,
NRGi Rådgivning A/S, DDV
DKK 1,337,200
PSO:
Total budget: DKK 1,904,500
Completion: 1st quarter 2012
Pr. manager:
The project will develop a calculation tool that will
enable craftsmen to classify customer assignments
according to their energy values and profitability.
The tool is to be tested in concrete assignments,
and the project will also prepare a training mod­
ule that will allow craftsmen to learn how to use
the tool to create more energy-efficient solutions.
Behaviour, barriers
and means
ELFORSK · 342-015
energy · RESEARCH · DEVELOPMENT · DEMONSTRATION · 2010
93
Funded projects · Efficient energy use
LED lighting quality programme
DTU Fotonik
Carsten Dam-Hansen · cadh@fotonik.dtu.dk
tel.: +45 46 77 45 13
Participants: DBRI-AAU, Danish Lignthing Center, Energirådgiveren, DANLED, RAFA LYS A/S, Dioder-Online I/S,
Flash Light A/S, Lumodan, LED-TEK A/S
DKK 1,305,130
PSO:
Total budget: DKK 2,409,539
Completion: 1st quarter 2012
Pr. manager:
Contact:
Behaviour, barriers
and means
ELFORSK · 342-035
The project will establish a dynamic positive list
for LED lighting products on a dedicated website.
Based on the measurements of LED products on
the Danish market, products will be categorised
by lighting-quality parameters and price. The results will also be used to bolster Danish participation in international standards activities.
Innovation networks – establishment and test
STRATEGOS ApS
Bo Holst-Mikkelsen · bo@strategos.dk
tel.: +45 33 36 32 00
Participants: NRGi Rådgivning A/S, DTU Fotonik,
Viegand & Maagøe, RAMBØLL Danmark,
Danish Technological Institute
DKK 829,625
PSO:
Total budget: DKK 1,452,125
Completion: 4th quarter 2011
Pr. manager:
Contact:
ELFORSK · 342-048
The project will set up four innovation panels in
Construction, Lighting, Cooling and Behaviour, barriers and means, respectively. The panels will seat
a chairman and 3-4 highly qualified researchers
and will meet semiannually to take professional
stock in their fields of technology and present
ideas for new R&D projects.
Positive list for professional tumble dryers
Danish Technological Institute
Jørgen H. Kjeldgaard
jorgen.kjeldgaard@teknologisk.dk
tel.: +45 72 20 25 44
Participants: Miele A/S, Electrolux A/S, SANIVA Vaskemaskiner
A/S, Nortec System A/S, BOTVED Vaskemaskiner A/S
DKK 762,508
PSO:
Total budget: DKK 1,471,203
Completion: 3rd quarter 2011
Pr. manager:
Contact:
ELFORSK · 342-054
Jointly with the key producers and importers, the
project will develop and test methods that can
map energy consumption, drying capability, etc.
in professional tumble dryers. Tests will be performed on models in the Danish market, and the
results will be made public in an easily accessible
positive list on the website of the Danish Energy
Association.
The family energy game
Nectar Communication
Xenia Nedergaard
xne@nectar-communication.dk
tel.: +45 33 18 99 40
Participants: Experimentarium, NRGi Rådgivning A/S,
STRATEGOS Aps
DKK 420,388
PSO:
Total budget: DKK 616,138
Completion: 3rd quarter 2010
Pr. manager:
Contact:
ELFORSK · 342-074
1st Class Housing Renovation. From today and towards Low-Energy Class
1. Development and preparation of demo project plus participation in IEA SHC Task 37
Pr. manager:
Contact:
Participants:
ENS-64009-0033
94
This preliminary project develops concept and
structure for a family board game that will use
the game to create knowledge and awareness on
energy consumption, climate and the environment
in Danish families. The concept will be tested in a
representative focus group to ensure that the final
version is attractive to the target group.
Esbensen Consulting Engineers A/S
Olaf Bruun Jørgensen · obj@esbensen.dk
tel.: +45 88 27 33 00
Creo Arkitekter A/S, DBRI-AAU
DKK 881,000
EDDP:
Total budget: DKK 1,528,000
Completion: 3rd quarter 2010
energy · RESEARCH · DEVELOPMENT · DEMONSTRATION · 2010
The project aims to develop a new renovation
concept for existing apartment houses that will
lower energy consumption to Low-Energy Class 1
by means of a flexible façade system, demandcontrolled ventilation with heat recovery and
integrated renewable energy. The concept will be
prepared for demonstration.
Funded projects · Efficient energy use
Multifunction fabrics for new building and retrofitting
Danish Technological Institute.
Building Technology and Concrete
Magne L. S. Hansen · info@teknologisk.dk
Contact:
tel.: +45 72 20 00 00
Participants: Danish University and Property Agency, Henning Larsen Architects A/S, Department of Civil
Engineering-AAU, Orbicon|Leif Hansen
DKK 2,560,000
EDDP:
Total budget: DKK 11,063,000
Completion: 3rd quarter 2012
Pr. manager:
The aim is to develop technologies that will
improve the building-integrated thermal storage
in concrete constructions. The project will test
optimised concrete in full scale in the Energy­
FlexHouse at the Danish Technological Institute,
and will develop a concept for multi-functional
concrete constructions for a building at the University of Southern Denmark.
ENS-64009-0063
Development and demonstration of energy-saving technologies for agriculture
Pr. manager:
Contact:
Participants:
SKIOLD A/S
Peter Stougaard · pts@skiold.com
tel.: +45 99 89 88 87
Møller Mouridsen, VengSystem, IKT Agrolab
DKK 1,205,000
EDDP:
Total budget: DKK 2,410,000
Completion: 1st quarter 2011
The project aims to create overview of agricultural
energy use by monitoring selected pig herds at
system level minute by minute. The monitoring
applies to lighting, ventilation and heating systems
for various herds, and the results will be compared
with a view to optimising system energy consumption by means of four different technologies.
ENS-64009-0064
Remotely Operated Hull Cleaning Vehicle (ROHCV)
Pr. manager:
Contact:
Participants:
C-leanship
Jesper Højer · j_hoejer@hotmail.com
tel.: +45 21 17 89 68
VCAS, A.P. Møller-Mærsk A/S, Hempel A/S
DKK 3,000,000
EDDP:
Total budget: DKK 16,000,000
Completion: 1st quarter 2011
ENS-64009-0067
Development of key energy technologies and their synergies in
optimised concepts of standard solutions for energy renovation of houses
Local Authority of Ballerup
Trine Baarstrøm · tba@balk.dk
tel.: +45 44 77 20 00
Participants: Cenergia Energy Consultants, DBRI-AAU, Danish
Construction Association, GENVEX, PROTEC, BATEC,
ISOVER, Bolius, Center for Energy Savings in Buildings
DKK 2,765,000
EDDP:
Total budget: DKK 7,613,000
Completion: 1st quarter 2012
Pr. manager:
Contact:
The project will verify and commission a remotelycontrolled robot (ROHCV) that can clean fouling off
ship hulls faster, gentler and more environmentfriendly than current methods. The aim is that
commercial hull cleaning must be performed already at prototype stage, so that it will contribute
to funding subsequent ROHCVs.
The project will upgrade four key technologies: ventilation with heat recovery, solar power, low-energy
windows and exterior facade insulation to become
elements of optimised standard concepts that will
be demonstrated in six owner-occupied homes in
the Ballerup local authority area in combination with
locally developed financing packages. Follow-up will
be performed on renovated buildings.
ENS-64009-0071
Development and full-scale demonstration of concepts
for renovation of old apartment blocks to low-energy class 1
COWI A/S
Svend Erik Mikkelsen · sem@cowi.dk
tel.: +45 45 97 22 11
Participants: Rockwool A/S, MT Højgaard a/s,
DTU Civil Engineering, Ellehauge & Kildemoes ApS,
Rønby Studio, Exhausto A/S
DKK 2,766,000
EDDP:
Total budget: DKK 8,300,000
Completion: 1st quarter 2013
Pr. manager:
Contact:
The project will develop solutions for energy
renovating apartment houses to meet Low-Energy
Class 1. The solutions will be demonstrated in full
scale on two apartment houses from 1896 and
1930, respectively. The calculated energy savings
will be verified through measurements, and
solutions will be prepared for other building types
predating 1960.
ENS-64009-0233
energy · RESEARCH · DEVELOPMENT · DEMONSTRATION · 2010
95
Funded projects · Efficient energy use
Low resource ventilation
Pr. manager:
Contact:
Participants:
InVentilate ApS
John Børsting · john.borsting@mail.dk
tel.: +45 97 85 00 40
Danish Technological Institute
DKK 1,347,000
EDDP:
Total budget: DKK 2,495,000
Completion: 1st quarter 2012
ENS-64009-0243
Development of system solutions for energy-extensive building envelope renovation of existing
buildings and demonstration on three typical detached houses from the period 1960–1980
DTU Civil Engineering
Svend Svendsen · ss@byg.dtu.dk
tel.: +45 45 25 17 00
Participants: NCC Construction Danmark A/S, Bolius Boligejernes Videncenter A/S, Saint-Gobain Isover A/S,
Saint-Gobain Weber A/S, PRO TEC Vinduer A/S,
HT Meter A/S
DKK 1,690,000
EDDP:
Total budget: DKK 3,650,000 kr
Completion: 4th quarter 2012
Pr. manager:
Contact:
ENS-64009-0245
The project will develop an aesthetic ventilation
solution based on an unconventional ventilation
principle. It encompasses a different physical structure with easier integration into the building. Some
of the results will be improved comfort, reduced
operating costs, lower construction costs and new
possibilities in design and construction of buildings.
The project will develop system solutions for
comprehensive post-insulation of the building envelope on existing buildings with related package
solutions able to help house-owners in the design
and decision processes even with concrete proposals for total renovation and price offers. Solutions
and methods will be demonstrated in three typ­
ical single-family homes dating from 1960-80.
Occupants’ influence on energy consumption in Danish domestic buildings – phase 1
Department of Civil Engineering-AAU
Henrik Brohu · hb@civil.aau.dk
tel.: +45 99 40 85 39
Participants: DBRI-AAU, Department of Development and
Planning-AAU,Department of Communication
and Psychology-AAU
DKK 1,380,000
EDDP:
Total budget: DKK 5,080,000
Completion: 1st quarter 2013
Pr. manager:
Contact:
ENS-64009-0248
Models will be developed to predict user influence on household energy consumption and to
evaluate the impact of various strategies aimed
at reducing total household energy consumption.
This phase encompasses knowledge compilation,
development of new multidisciplinary methods
and participation in IEA Annex 53 Total Energy Use
in Buildings.
Participation in IEA-ECBCS – Annex 51: Energy-efficient communities
Pr. manager:
Contact:
DTU Civil Engineering
Svend Svendsen · ss@byg.dtu.dk
tel.: +45 45 25 17 00
DKK 432,000
EDDP:
Total budget: DDK 576,000
Completion: 1st quarter 2013
ENS-64009-0250
The project funds Danish participation in IEA-ECBCS
Annex 51, the activities of which aim to help
communities in setting up sustainable and safe
energy solutions for towns, while also identifying
measures that can realise extensive goals for
reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The Annex
also encompasses a Danish PhD project.
Solar prism task force
CENERGIA Energy Consultants
Peder Vejsig Pedersen · pvp@cenergia.dk
tel.: +45 44 66 00 99
Participants: VELUX A/S, Danfoss A/S, Rockwool A/S, Rubow
Arkitekter A/S, Danish Technological Institute, Kuben Byfornyelse Danmark, European Green Cities
DKK 1,375,000
EDDP:
Total budget: DKK 4,328,000
Completion: 1st quarter 2012
Pr. manager:
Contact:
ENS-64009-0252
96
energy · RESEARCH · DEVELOPMENT · DEMONSTRATION · 2010
In continuation of the EDDP “Albertslund Concept”
project, the solar prism prototype will be upgraded by
a fast-track Task Force, so that it can be demonstrated
in a single-family house with sloping roof from the
1970s, while the building envelope will simultan­
eously be upgraded to Low-Energy Class 1 standard.
The solar prism will also be adapted to accommodate
energy supply with and without a heating pump.
Funded projects · Efficient energy use
ECBCS, IEA – Annex 54, Micro Combined Heat and Power in Buildings
Pr. manager:
Contact:
Dantherm Power A/S
Per Balslev · peb@dantherm.com
tel.: +45 96 14 37 00
DKK 295,000
EDDP:
Total budget: DKK 454,000
Completion: 1st quarter 2012
The project funds Danish participation in international IEA cooperation on small stationary facilities
for local electricity generation and their integration in buildings. The project covers participation
in international meetings between experts in
the area and dissemination of information about
international development at national levels. ENS-64009-0293
Danish participation in IEA “Hybrid & Electric Vehicle IA”
Pr. manager:
Contact:
EV Consult
Jørgen Horstmann
joergenhorstmann@gmail.com
tel.: +45 45 42 24 38
DKK 365,000
EDDP:
Total budget: DKK 405,000
Completion: 2nd quarter 2013
The project continues Danish participation in the
IEA cooperation on electric vehicles and hybrid
cars. This is an important forum for information
and experience exchange on electric drives with
batteries, hybrid power in combination with combustion engines and electric drives with fuel cells.
These technologies are expected to become key
elements in the energy and transport field.
ENS-64010-0001
PCM concrete – improved indoor climate and lower energy consumption
Danish Technological Institute
Ane Mette Kjeldsen · amkn@teknologisk.dk
tel.: +45 72 20 22 00
Participants: BASF Construction Chemicals Denmark A/S,
Spæncom A/S,
Department of Civil Engineering-AAU
DKK 6,500,000
ATF:
Total budget: DKK 13,000,000
Completion: 3rd quarter 2012
Pr. manager:
Contact:
The project develops intelligent concrete by
mixing in microcapsules with phase-changing
materials, a method that may reduce energy consumption for cooling and heating by 25-30%. The
most suitable system solutions will be tested in
full scale in, for instance, the test house, Energy­
FlexHouse, at the Danish Technological Institute.
Advanced Composite Thermal Breaker
Pr. manager:
Contact:
Participants:
Fiberline Composites A/S
Peter Thorning · pth@fiberline.com
tel.: +45 70 13 77 13
Department of Mechanical Engineering-AAU,
Department of Civil Engineering-AAU
DKK 5,800,000
ATF:
Total budget: DKK 10,500,000
Completion: 1st quarter 2013
The project will develop new window frames in
composite material with double insulation capability compared to the most energy-efficient prod­
ucts on the market. The strength and rigidity of
composite material compared to its weight make
it easy to design maintenance-free light, aesthetic
and elegant windows, doors and facades.
Self-configurable optical links
Pr. manager:
Contact:
Participants:
DTU Fotonik
Christophe Peucheret · cpeu@Photonik.dtu.dk
tel.: +45 45 25 38 40
IPtronics A/S
DKK 6,200,000
ATF:
Total budget: DKK 10,700,000
Completion: 1st quarter 2012
The project develops self-configuring optical connections that can replace electrical connections in
servers and routers. The new technology reduces
the need for time-consuming and expensive
testing, thus allowing energy-efficient solutions to
become markedly cheaper and thus competitive
with electrical connections.
energy · RESEARCH · DEVELOPMENT · DEMONSTRATION · 2010
97
Projects in progress · Efficient energy use
Project no.
Project title
2104-06-0032 Energy-efficient and environmentally
friendly cooling using magnetic
refrigeration
Project manager
Contact
Funding
Completion
Materials Research
Division at Risø DTU
Nini Hamawi Pryds
nipr@risoe.dtu.dk
tel.: +45 46 77 57 52
DKK
13,937,772
4th quarter
2010
2104-08-0018
Strategic research centre on zero
emission buildings
Department of Civil
Engineering-AAU
Per Heiselberg
ph@civil.aau.dk
tel.: +45 99 40 85 41
DKK
25,000,000
1st quarter
2014
Project no.
Project title
Project manager
Contact
Funding
Completion
ForskEL 10119
BISON
Danish Gas
Technology Centre
a/s
Jean Schweitzer
jsc@dgc.dk
tel.: +45 20 16 96 00
DKK
474,000
2nd quarter
2010
buildings
Project no.
Project title
Project manager
Contact
Funding
Completion
336-017
Energy consumption and indoor
climate in office buildings with
large room depth
DBRI-AAU
Jens Christoffersen
jsc@sbi.dk
tel.: +45 99 40 23 89
DKK
1,995,770
2nd quarter
2010
337-053
Intelligent energy facades – demo
at University of Southern Denmark
Esbensen
Consulting Engineers
Torben Esbensen
torben@esbensen.dk
tel.: +45 73 42 31 00
DKK
1,550,000
4th quarter
2010
338-041
Full-scale demonstration of thermal
active building system – Phase 3
COWI
Reto M. Hummelshøj
rmh@cowi.dk
tel.: +45 45 97 27 66
DKK
1,250,000
4th quarter
2010
339-050
Masterclasses on energy-efficient
architecture
Lading arkitekter +
konsulenter
Tove Lading
tl@ladingarkitekter.dk
tel.: +45 32 83 19 68
DKK
306,316
4th quarter
2010
340-022
EL+ New paradigm for innovative
electricity savings in the low-energy
buildings of the future
DBRI-AAU
Rob Marsh
rom@sbi.dk
tel.: +45 21 65 08 87
DKK
703,419
2nd quarter
2010
340-027
Be06 and dimensioning platform
for technical installations
Danish Technological
Institute
Claus Schøn Poulsen
claus.s.poulsen@
teknologisk.dk
tel.: +45 72 20 25 14
DKK
499,175
4th quarter
2010
340-035
ProVent: Design knowledge for
NIRAS A/S
ventilation windows in low-energy
buildings without electricity-consuming
mechanical ventilation with heat recovery
Peter Noyé
pno@niras.dk
tel.: +45 48 10 42 00
DKK
1,066,690
2nd quarter
2010
340-039
Demonstration of a new solar-shading
system based on daylight-directing
solar-shading glass louvres
DTU Civil Engineering
Svend Svendsen
ss@byg.dtu.dk
tel.: +45 45 25 17 00
DKK
1,039,958
4th quarter
2010
340-045
Application of phase-changing
materials in future buildings
DBRI-AAU
Jørgen Rose
jro@sbi.dk
tel.: +45 99 40 22 26
DKK
1,399,650
3rd quarter
2010
341-032
Development and demonstration
of Denmark's first low-energy class 2
non-residential building with focus on
electricity consumption
EnergiMidt A/S
Gitte Wad Thybo
gwt@energimidt.dk
tel.: +45 76 58 11 36
DKK
1,598,520
4th quarter
2011
341-040
Energy savings through daylight
utilisation in residential buildings
DBRI-AAU
Kjeld Johnsen
kjj@sbi.dk
tel.: +45 99 40 23 97
DKK
1,197,938
2nd quarter
2011
Ventilation
98
Project no.
Project title
Project manager
Contact
Funding
Completion
339-024
Natural ventilation with buildingintegrated heat recovery and
night cooling
DTU Civil Engineering
Christian Anker Hviid
cah@byg.dtu.dk
tel.: +45 45 25 18 86
DKK
547,425
4th quarter
2010
energy · RESEARCH · DEVELOPMENT · DEMONSTRATION · 2010
Projects in progress · Efficient energy use
Ventilation
Project no.
Project title
Project manager
Contact
Funding
Completion
339-038
Electricity-efficient, passive
climatisation of future office buildings
DBRI-AAU
Alireza Afshari
ala@sbi.dk
tel.: +45 99 40 23 93
DKK
638,325
2nd quarter
2010
341-010
New opportunities in ventilation
DBRI-AAU
system provide energy-efficient indoor
air quality
Alireza Afshari
ala@sbi.dk
tel.: +45 99 40 23 93
DKK
905,110
4th quarter
2011
341-013
Modulating ventilation – low cost VAV
– for office buildings
Christian Drivsholm
christian.drivsholm@
teknologisk.dk
tel.: +45 72 20 13 80
DKK
1,573,150
1st quarter
2011
Danish Technological
Institute
lighting
Project no.
Project title
Project manager
Contact
Funding
Completion
338-030
Lighting quality with low energy
consumption in day-care
DBRI-AAU
Inge Mette Kirkeby
imk@sbi.dk
tel.: +45 99 40 23 90
DKK
1,082,000
4th quarter
2010
339-041
Optimal selection of energy-efficient
systems for lighting control
DBRI-AAU
Steen Traberg-Borup
stb@sbi.dk
tel.: +45 99 40 23 80
DKK
1,042,583
4th quarter
2010
340-036
Energy savings by Individual Dynamic
Lighting Control
DBRI-AAU
Jens Christoffersen
jsc@sbi.dk
tel.: +45 99 40 23 89
DKK
720,240
2nd quarter
2011
340-040
Electricity savings in greenhouse
AgroTech A/S
production with adjustable LED fixtures
Anker Kuehn
ank@agrotech.dk
tel.: +45 87 43 84 72
DKK
1,599,756
2nd quarter
2011
340-044
Demonstration of and instruction in
use of fixtures with LED light sources
Danish Lighting
Center
Kenneth Munck
km@centerforlys.dk
tel.: +45 47 17 18 0
DKK
807,215
2nd quarter
2010
341-008
Phase III: Solar cells and LED – 100%
self-sufficient post top project
out-sider a/s
Ib Mogensen
im@out-sider.dk
tel.: +45 22 61 74 20
DKK
1,046,750
2nd quarter
2010
341-043
Hybrid fibre lighting – directed towards DTU Fotonik
a smaller ecological footprint
Anders Bjarklev
aobj@fotonik.dtu.dk
tel.: +45 45 25 38 09
DKK
1,578,468
3rd quarter
2010
cooling
Project no.
Project title
337-064
Project manager
Contact
Funding
Completion
Dynamic suction pressure regulation in Enervision
industrial cooling systems
Jesper W. Petersen
jwp@enervision.dk
tel.: +45 73 90 32 16
DKK
1,541,000
4th quarter
2010
338-012
Reduction of internal electrical load in
refrigerated cabinets in supermarkets
Danish Technological
Institute
Klaus Frederiksen
klaus.frederiksen@
teknologisk.dk
tel.: +45 72 20 12 87
DKK
638,000
2nd quarter
2010
339-021
Demonstration of hybrid cooling in
industry and server room
Danish Technological
Institute
Christian Heerup
chp@teknologisk.dk
tel.: +45 72 20 25 28
DKK
1,043,900
4th quarter
2010
340-006
Natural cooling – reduction of the
energy consumption for cooling
processes and buildings
Advansor A/S
Torben Hansen
DKK
torben.hansen@advansor.dk 1,317,500
tel.: +45 87 44 11 41
3rd quarter
2010
340-010
High-efficient systems for energy
reduction in industrial refrigeration
plants with ammonia
Danish Technological
Institute
Anders Mønsted, anders.
monsted@teknologisk.dk
tel.: +45 72 20 22 73
4th quarter
2010
DKK
1,185,323
energy · RESEARCH · DEVELOPMENT · DEMONSTRATION · 2010
99
Projects in progress · Efficient energy use
cooling
Project no.
Project title
Project manager
Contact
Funding
Completion
340-037
Energy-efficient impulse coolers
Danish Technological
Institute
Per Henrik Pedersen
per.henrik.pedersen@
teknologisk.dk
tel.: +45 72 20 25 13
DKK
1,042,175
4th quarter
2010
341-026
Cooling towers of the future
Danish Technological
Institute
Peter Schneider,
peter.schneider@
teknologisk.dk,
tel.: +45 72 20 12 79
DKK
1,815,223
4th quarter
2010
Project manager
Contact
Funding
Completion
DKK
2,844,000
3rd quarter
2010
Contact
Funding
Completion
Sandie Nielsen
Sandie.Nielsen@
teknologisk.dk
tel.: +45 72 20 20 00
DKK
1,306,050
2nd quarter
2010
POWER AND
CONTROL ELECTRONICS
Project no.
Project title
338-032
Modular power electronic converters in Department of Energy Stig Munk-Nielsen
the power range 1 to 10 kW
Technology-AAU
smn@iet.aau.dk
tel.: +45 99 40 92 42
industrial processes
Project no.
Project title
341-014
Optimisation of system in motor driven Danish Technological
systems – implementation
Institute
Project manager
behavior, barriers
and means
100
Project no.
Project title
Project manager
Contact
Funding
Completion
339-002
Energy-efficient building business and
housing in Ørestad
Lading arkitekter +
konsulenter A/S
Tove Lading
tl@ladingarkitekter.dk
tel.: +45 32 83 19 68
DKK
912,013
2nd quarter
2010
340-038
ESCO in earnest – Innovative and attractive EA Energianalyse
energy services for realising electricity
savings in private households – Phase 1
Kirsten Dyhr-Mikkelsen
kdm@eaea.dk
tel.: +45 60 39 17 09
DKK
895,613
2nd quarter
2010
341-006
Development of ESCO as a tool for
realising af energy efficiency
enhancement in small and mediumsized enterprises
DS Håndværk &
Industri
Ove Folmer Jensen
ofj@ds-net.dk
tel.: +45 63 17 33 60
DKK
1,225,775
2nd quarter
2011
341-007
Masterclass in energy technology for
upper-secondary students
Experimentarium
Sheena Laursen
DKK
sheenal@experimentarium.dk 1,063,278
tel.: +45 39 27 33 33
4th quarter
2010
341-011
Three cases of development of Danish
energy service companies (phase III)
The Danish Energy
Industries Federation
Anders Stouge
ast@di.dk
tel.: +45 33 77 30 71
DKK
747,800
4th quarter
2010
341-020
Heating pumps and electricity – the
importance of changed comfort
temperatures
DBRI-AAU
Kirsten Gram-Hanssen
kgh@sbi.dk
tel.: +45 99 40 22 91
DKK
957,430
2nd quarter
2011
341-022
Innovative energy education aiming at Danish University
achieving behavioural changes
of Education-AU
Lisa Gjedde
lg@dpu.dk
tel.: +45 88 88 98 87
DKK
1,182,870
4th quarter
2010
341-028
Energy game for teenagers
Danish Technological
Institute
Peter Svendsen
peter.svendsen@
teknologisk.dk
tel.: +45 72 20 25 56
DKK
1,186,250
3rd quarter
2010
341-036
Energy consultancy using psychology
of organisations
Preben Buhl Miljø- og Preben Buhl
Energiledelse
preben@prebenbuhl.dk
tel.: +45 21 45 35 12
DKK
1,132,000
4th quarter
2010
energy · RESEARCH · DEVELOPMENT · DEMONSTRATION · 2010
Projects in progress · Efficient energy use
Project no.
Project title
ENS33032-0088
Project manager
Contact
Funding
Completion
Tightness of the thermal envelope of
DBRI-AAU
recent office buildings and educational
institutions
Niels C. Bergsøe
ncb@sbi.dk
tel.: +45 99 40 23 15
DKK
1,514,000
2nd quarter
2010
ENS33032-0207
The interaction between regulation,
car choice and car fuel efficiency
DTU Transport
Ismir Mulalic
imu@transport.dtu.dk
tel.: +45 45 25 65 24
DKK
1,988,000
4th quarter
2010
ENS33032-0209
Energy-efficient renovation of larger
building. Development and
demonstration with emphasis on
energy supply and installations
COWI A/S
Svend Erik Mikkelsen
sem@cowi.dk
tel.: +45 45 97 28 21
DKK
2,424,000
4th quarter
2010
ENS33033-0048
Measurements of total energy
consumption in low-energy class 1
typehouse
DTU Civil Engineering
Svend Svendsen
ss@byg.dtu.dk
tel.: +45 45 25 17 00
DKK
583,000
1st quarter
2011
ENS33033-0056
Building-integrated energy supply
DBRI-AAU
Ole Michael Jensen
omj@sbi.dk
tel.: +45 99 40 23 73
DKK
1,950,000
2nd quarter
2010
ENS33033-0058
Danish activities in the EU-CONCERTO
project CLASS 1 in Stenløse south
Local Authority
of Egedal
Mona Dates Jørgensen
mona.dates.jorgensen@
egekom.dk
tel.: +45 72 59 60 00
DKK
1,549,000
4th quarter
2010
ENS33033-0088
Lessons learned from 'Family housing
for the future' built as low-energy
buildings
Det Grønne Hus
Lars Kristensen
lk@energitjenesten.dk
tel.: +45 36 98 61 35
DKK
1,160,000
2nd quarter
2010
ENS33033-0202
High voltage BMS for LI-Ion nanobatteries for automotive purposes
Lithium Balance A/S
Ivan Loncarevic
ilo@lithiumbalance.com
tel.: +45 58 51 51 04
DKK
1,002,000
2nd quarter
2010
ENS33033-0218
Electricity for road transport, flexible
power systems and wind power
Systems Analysis
Division at Risø DTU
Lars Henrik Nielsen
lani@risoe.dtu.dk
tel.: +45 46 77 51 10
DKK
3,051,000
4th quarter
2010
ENS33033-0228
New carbon-neutral city area with the
integrated district heating system of
the future in Høje Taastrup – Phase 1:
Preparation of demonstration
COWI A/S
Reto M. Hummelshøj
rmh@cowi.dk
tel.: +45 45 97 22 11
DKK
893,000
3rd quarter
2010
ENS33033-0273
DBRI-Directions: Solar shading, low
energy consumption and high comfort
by choosing the right shading
DBRI-AAU
Kjeld Johnsen
kjj@sbi.dk
tel.: +45 90 40 23 87
DKK
368,000
4th quarter
2010
ENS33033-0274
BOLIG+ - realisation of energy-neutral
housing
BOLIG+ Cooperation
under the Architects'
Association of
Denmark
Vibeke Grupe Larsen
vgl@vglcph.dk
tel.: +45 30 85 90 11
DKK
2,614,000
4th quarter
2010
ENS33033-0277
Low-energy houses in 'DS-418
Calculation of heat losses from
buildings'
Danish Standards
Association
Lars Ravn-Jensen
dansk.standard@ds.dk
tel.: +45 39 96 61 01
DKK
1,090,000
2nd quarter
2010
ENS33033-0297
Cold store powered by sustainable
energy
Danish Technological
Institute
Per Henrik Pedersen
per.henrik.pedersen@
teknologisk.dk
tel.: +45 72 20 20 00
DKK
884,000
2nd quarter
2010
ENS33033-0298
Developing and testing mini-heating
pumps for low-energy houses
Danish Technological
Institute
Per Henrik Pedersen
per.henrik.pedersen@
teknologisk.dk
tel.: +45 72 20 20 00
DKK
1,100,000
2nd quarter
2010
ENS63011-0035
Danish participation in new IEA
task on zero energy buidlings (ZEB)
DBRI-AAU
Kim B. Wittchen
sbi@sbi.dk
tel.: +45 45 86 55 33
DKK
3,311,000
2nd quarter
2011
ENS63011-0047
The Albertslund Concept – a commercial Danish Technological
Danish concept for integrated energyInstitute. Energy-effiefficient retrofitting of housing
ciency Enhancement
and Ventilation
Mikael Grimmig
info@teknologisk.dk
tel.: +45 72 20 20 00
DKK
5,500,000
2nd quarter
2011
ENS63011-0078
Denmark's first passive house
rehabilitation of apartment blocks
Svend Erik Mikkelsen
sem@cowi.dk
tel.: +45 45 97 28 21
DKK
3,650,000
4th quarter
2010
COWI A/S
energy · RESEARCH · DEVELOPMENT · DEMONSTRATION · 2010
101
Projects in progress · Efficient energy use
102
Project no.
Project title
Project manager
Contact
Funding
Completion
ENS63011-0113
Monitoring of energy costs as a result
of reduced heat exchanger efficiency
and analysis of optimisation
possibilities
Danish Technological
Institute. Centre for
Cooling and Heat
Pump Technology
Ebbe Nørgaard
ebbe.noergaard@
teknologisk.dk
tel.: +45 72 20 12 73
DKK
1,431,000
3rd quarter
2010
ENS63011-0115
Design of energy renovation of typical
buildings – elaboration of collection of
examples
DTU Civil Engineering
Svend Svendsen
ss@byg.dtu.dk
tel.: +45 45 25 17 00
DKK
1,051,000
2nd quarter
2010
ENS63011-0116
Heat recovery on CO2 refrigeration
systems for supermarkets
Danish Technological
Institute. Centre for
Cooling and Heat
Pump Technology
Lars Reinholdt
DKK
lars.reinholdt@teknologisk.dk 1,024,000
tel.: +45 72 20 20 00
3rd quarter
2010
ENS63011-0152
EnergyFlexHouse
Energy Service for
central and eastern
Jutland
Jakob Worm
jw@energitjenesten.dk
tel.: +45 36 98 61 22
DKK
1,200,000
4th quarter
2010
ENS63011-0169
MicroShade – Up-scaling and
demonstration of energy-saving solar
shading technology
3XN
Lars Lundbye
llu@3xn.dk
tel.: +45 40 42 41 12
DKK
4,000,000
4th quarter
2010
ENS63011-0172
Natural ventilation with heat recovery
and cooling (NVHC). Development and
practical demonstration in a sports centre
Esbensen
Consulting Engineers
Morten Stender Christensen DKK
m.christensen@esbensen.dk 3,300,000
tel.: +45 88 27 33 15
4th quarter
2011
ENS63011-0251
IEA – Annex: Electric Motor Systems
Danish Technological
Institute
Sandie Nielsen
Sandie.Nielsen@
teknologisk.dk
tel.: +45 72 20 20 00
DKK
615,000
4th quarter
2011
ENS64009-0003
IEA Industrial Energy Related
Technologies and Systems (IETS)
2009-2010 – Danish participation
Weel & Sandvig
Energy and Process
Innovation
Jan Sandvig Nielsen
jsn@weel-sandvig.dk
tel.: +45 26 71 00 45
DKK
671,000
4th quarter
2010
ENS64009-0004
LED lighting for greenhouses
Fionia Lighting A/S
John Erland Østergaard
jeo@sense.sdu.dk
tel.: +45 65 50 74 25
DKK
2,155,000
2nd quarter
2010
Project no.
Project title
Project manager
Contact
Funding
Completion
Concert lights – environmentally
friendly light on stage
Martin Professional
A/S
Henrik Wadmann
DKK
henrik.wadmann@martin.dk 15,000,000
tel.: +45 23 42 48 12
2011
Energy-effective cement processes
DTU Chemical
Engineering
Kim Dam-Johansen
kdj@kt.dtu.dk
tel.: +45 45 25 28 45
DKK
25,000,000
2012
The intelligent gas meter
Flonidan DC A/S
Tonny Frederiksen
mail@flonidan.dk
tel.: +45 75 61 88 88
DKK
5,000,000
2010
Optimised climate control
Danfoss IXA Sensor
Technologies
Jens Møller Jensen
jensen@danfoss.com
tel.: +45 74 88 85 30
DKK
11,000,000
2011
Miniature power supply
Noliac A/S
Jean Bruland
jb@noliac.com
tel.: +45 49 12 50 30
DKK
10,000,000
2012
The intelligent farrowing pen
SKOV A/S
Heidi Mai-Lis Andersen
hma@skov.dk
tel.: +45 72 17 55 48
DKK
8,000,000
2012
energy · RESEARCH · DEVELOPMENT · DEMONSTRATION · 2010
Completed projects · Efficient energy use
Elforsk prize 2010
H Winner H Nominees
Photo: Stefan kai Nielsen
ELFORSK PRIZE 2010: On 27 May, Elforsk awarded the Elforsk prize to the project which had been most successful in giving
the acquired knowledge practical application. The winner was the project of SKOV and the Danish Technological Institute on
energy-efficient, user-friendly stable ventilation. The project group was rewarded for its excellent energy technology results,
including the project’s technological depth, and for starting production of the new stable ventilation unit very quickly.
The project thereby supports the government’s wish to create new jobs in the climate technology sector.
The prize was presented to the two project managers Svend Morsing (to the right) from SKOV and Peter Svendsen from the
Danish Technological Institute by Ida Auken, spokesperson for environmental affairs from the Danish Socialist People’s Party
(SF), and Frede Blaabjerg, Dean at AAU and member of the Elforsk Advisory Committee.
Integrated control of solar shading, daylight and artificial light
Pr. manager:
PSO:
Result:
SBi-AAU · Kjeld Johnsen · tel.: +45 99 40 23 87
DKK 1,316,400
Completed 1st quarter 2010
The project established a basis of calculation and a practical basis for optimum choice of solar shading
and integrated control strategies for both new building and renovation of office, commercial and
institutional buildings with new calculation models for controlling solar shading integrated in the
BSim program. A complete and applicable model for optimum, integrated solar shading control was
established, focusing on thermal and visual comfort criteria towards energy consumption for heating,
cooling and lighting. A prototype was tested in the daylight laboratory at Danish Building Research
Institute-AAU and at University of Southern Denmark in Sønderborg.
Buildings
ELFORSK · 334-009
energy · RESEARCH · DEVELOPMENT · DEMONSTRATION · 2010
103
Completed projects · Efficient energy use
Development of new solar shading systems
based on daylight directing solar control glass louvres
Pr. manager:
PSO:
Result:
Buildings
ELFORSK · 338-053
DTU Civil Engineering · Svend Svendsen · tel.: +45 45 25 18 54
DKK 659,000 Completed 1st quarter 2010
The solar shading system development is based on analyses of daylight conditions at different types
of solar-shading glass louvres under the IESve/Radiance programme. The chosen system has glass
louvres with solar-reflective coating and 30 degree angle. The system was tested through measurements
made in the daylight laboratory at Danish Building Research Institute-AAU, and its effect on the thermal
indoor climate was calculated in BSim and through measurements in the outdoor test facility at DTU Civil
Engineer­ing. The glass louvres do not limit the view to the same extent as metal louvres or glass louvres
with printed silk patterns. The developed system will be tested on a building in project 340-039.
Web check of electricity consumption of council buildings
Pr. manager:
PSO:
Result:
ELFORSK · 339-005
Danish Building Research Institute-AAU · Ole Michael Jensen · tel.: +45 99 40 23 26
DKK 304,000
Completed 4th quarter 2009
In the project, the original benchmarking tool on www.tjekskoleforbrug.dk was extended from school
buildings to all types of local authority buildings on www.tjekkommunebygninger.dk. The tool uses data from
the compulsory energy labelling scheme and makes them available to users in a form which enables them to
compare energy consumption and CO2 emissions of the buildings with other similar buildings. On this basis,
it becomes easier to identify any potential for energy-saving projects in the individual building. The tool also
offers an overview of the development in the building energy consumption in recent years.
Characterisation of optimised regulation using multi parameter controllers
Pr. manager:
PSO:
Result:
ELFORSK · 339-032
Dan-Ejendomme · Carsten Nielsen · tel.: +45 39 46 61 71
DKK 1,499,890
Completed 4th quarter 2009
The project analysed how advanced statistics can be used to establish multi-parameter sensors/controllers
on the basis of the huge amount of data generated by a modern CTS system. A new operations strategy EISE
(Energy and Indoor Climate Strategy without Energy Waste) was developed, and the strategy was implemented at the head office of Dan-Ejendomme. This cut electricity consumption by 50% and saved 25% on
heating consumption, equal to 650,000 kWh/year, e.g. by changing and adjusting ventilation control system
– a total investment of DKK 150,000. As a result of the strategy, the indoor climate has improved significantly.
Energy-concious building automation
Pr. manager:
PSO:
Result:
ELFORSK · 340-004
Ventilation
ELFORSK · 338-010
104
COWI A/S · Reto M. Hummelshøj · tel.: +45 45 97 27 66
DKK 350,190
Completed 3rd quarter 2009
Through measurements and simulations, the project analysed the potential energy savings achievable
by allow­ing the room temperature of a building to fluctuate by plus/minus 2.5˚C over the daily operating time instead of plus/minus 1˚C. The analyses were made in two new representative buildings.
Furthermore, the project studied the effect of simplifying solutions for building automation. Energyconscious building automation and temperature glide (acceptable room temperature fluctuation) can
reduce building energy consumption by an average of 15 kWh/m2 annually. The results are expected to
be used in one or more demonstration projects.
Analyses and criteria for implementation of a positive list
for ventilation plants based on the energy-labelling concept
Pr. manager:
PSO:
Result:
Danish Technological Institute · Christian Drivsholm · tel.: +45 72 20 13 80
DKK 674,000
Completed 4th quarter 2009
Together with the sector suppliers, the project developed a complete testing basis for assessment of
the energy properties of ventilation devices on the basis of recognised Danish and foreign standards.
The Danish Technological Institute has set up state-of-the-art laboratory facilities at which ventilation
devices can be tested on uniform conditions. The results can be used to establish a dynamic positive
list of annual comparable base costs for consumers based on objective measurements. The results are
expected to encourage producers to develop more energy-efficient and competitive devices.
energy · RESEARCH · DEVELOPMENT · DEMONSTRATION · 2010
Completed projects · Efficient energy use
Development of demand-controlled ventilation for single-family houses
Pr. manager:
PSO:
Result:
DTU Civil Engineering · Toke Rammer Nielsen · tel.: +45 45 25 18 60
DKK 674,000
Completed 4th quarter 2009
Further to ELforsk project 335-026, the project developed two control systems for demand-controlled ventilation of single-family houses – one simple system and one more sophisticated system. The preliminary
results show that it would be most expedient to concentrate efforts on developing the simple system.
This control system is estimated to save 25% on total energy consumption without causing any significant
changes in air quality (CO2 concentration and relative humidity). However, practical implementation will
require an amendment to the requirement of the Danish Building Regulation on constant air exchange.
Ventilation
ELFORSK · 339-030
Energy-efficient, user-friendly stable ventilation
Pr. manager:
PSO:
Result:
H
SKOV A/S · Svend Morsing · tel.: +45 72 17 55 55
DKK 1,388,875
Completed 1st quarter 2010
In optimising the ventilator blade and motor while improving the control strategy, the project has succeeded in developing a ventilation system for piggeries generating energy savings of 46% compared
with current products in the market. The additional investment in the newly developed system will be
repaid in less than three years. The prototype developed has been transferred to commercial production
at SKOV A/S and will be marketed in the second half of 2010. The blade will be produced by MultiWing
and the custom-made motor control by Motron, both Danish companies. The project won the 2010
Elforsk prize for its ability to fast-track new knowledge into use.
ELFORSK · 340-030
Energy savings by implementation of high quality LED illumination
Pr. manager:
PSO:
Result:
H
DTU Fotonik · Carsten Dam-Hansen · tel.: +45 46 77 45 13
DKK 1,500,000
Completed 1st quarter 2010
The project developed two new LED light sources and systems, emphasising the potential of LED tech­
nology for energy savings and lighting quality. An LED light source for display case lighting, replacing
incandescent lamps, was successfully installed in the Treasury at Rosenborg Castle, and it was decided to
extend the solution in 2010. Electricity savings of 74% were achieved. LED light sources replacing halogen
bulbs in cooker hoods reduce electricity consumption by 69% and ensure even lighting of the entire working surface with about 500 lux at all cooking areas. Furthermore, a new LED optics system was patented.
Lighting
ELFORSK · 339-025
Quality assurance of luminaires with LED
Pr. manager:
PSO:
Result:
Danish Centre for Lighting · Kenneth Munck · tel.: +45 47 17 18 00
DKK 957,360
Completed 3rd quarter 2009
The project took illumination measurements and made subjective assessments of nine fixtures with LED
light sources and 13 different LED light sources. The subjective assessments were made by professional
experts based on newly developed criteria suitable for assessing light, the fixtures adjustment and function, operation, as well as aesthetics and appearance. The LED products available on the Danish market
in 2008 differed greatly both visually and in terms of illumination. Most had colour temperatures of more
than 4,000 K and Ra indices of less than 80. The luminous efficacies vary from 5 lm/W to 45 lm/W.
ELFORSK · 339-040
Market test – LED light in urban furniture driven by PV cells
Pr. manager:
PSO:
Result:
out-sider a/s · Ib Mogensen · tel.: +45 22 61 74 20
DKK 469,500
Completed 1st quarter 2010
Optimised and intelligent electronic control (incl. software) was developed for PV-powered LED
lighting in urban furniture. The lighting time is at least 8 hours/day in the winter in Denmark. Seven
sample models are available, one with a built-in movement sensor. The movement sensor means
further lighting time of 3-4 hours, i.e. lighting (though limited) can be provided during all dark hours
of the day in the winter. 16 test bollard lights were produced and installed in Korsør, but further
product maturation is required. The results are also used in Elforsk project 341-008, which develops a
PV-powered LED light.
ELFORSK · 340-003
energy · RESEARCH · DEVELOPMENT · DEMONSTRATION · 2010
105
Completed projects · Efficient energy use
High quality Danish design with intelligent LED light
Pr. manager:
PSO:
Result:
Lighting
MORFOSO · Jakob Munkgaard Andersen · tel.: +45 29 16 02 18
DKK 1,468,400
Completed 1st quarter 2010
Based on the results achieved in Elforsk project 337-068, which enabled a number of designers to
be trained in the potential of LED lighting technology, this projects developed intelligent LED fixtures
for work purposes and for private homes. The two types of fixtures both meet the original project
objective of good colour rendition with Ra indices above 90 and colour temperatures variable within
the interval 3,300 to 4,400 K. Furthermore, with luminous efficacies of 60 lumen/W, both fixtures
have energy efficiencies exceeding that of an average energy-friendly light source.
ELFORSK · 340-026
Cooling
Development and use of stimulation tools for energy optimisation
of refrigeration systems with CO2 as the refrigerant
Pr. manager:
PSO:
Result:
ELFORSK · 339-046
IPU Product Development, Refrigeration and Energy Technology
Morten Juel Skovrup · tel.: +45 45 25 41 20
DKK 1,551,000
Completed 1st quarter 2010
The project resulted in five calculation programs and three technical reports downloadable from
www.ipu.dk and www.elforsk.dk. The PackCalc II program calculates annual energy consumption,
construction and operating costs and CO2 emissions from 11 systems using CO2 as refrigerant. Two
other programs can dimension refrigeration system pumps and calculate compressor efficiency. The
analyses carried out by the project show that in most of Europe, it would be favourable to use CO2 as
refrigerant. The tool development continues in Elforsk project 342-051, focusing on the interaction
between PackCalc and BSim.
The carbon-neutral work space – main project
Power and control
electronics
Pr. manager:
PSO:
Result:
H
ELFORSK · 341-009
Faktor 3 ApS · Barbara Bentzen · tel.: +45 88 20 02 20
DKK 983,000
Completed 1st quarter 2010
The project developed a wide range of designs of height adjustable desks with integrated PV cells in the
form of mock-ups and prototypes, and three of these are fully developed with different PV cells, e.g. plastic
PV cells from Risø DTU, which can cover desk stand-by consumption. Montana Group has started develop­
ing the prototype for marketing. An IPV (Indoor Photo Voltaic) tool was developed, which can be used
to integrate PV cells into other indoor electricity-consuming devices. As part of the project, DTU Fotonik
developed the first measurement stand capable of testing and characterising PV cells in indoor conditions.
Water treatment in swimming pools – reducing power consumption
Industrial processes
Pr. manager:
PSO:
Result:
ELFORSK · 335-035
RAMBØLL · Niels Radisch · tel.: +45 56 64 57 54
DKK 794,000
Completed 2nd quarter 2009
Measurements were made in five swimming baths, and energy savings were achieved using new filters,
pumps, water treatment control depending on bather load, etc. In a 50 metre pool, electricity consumption
for water treatment fell by 50%, and in a hot-water/paddling pool, electricity consumption fell by 30-40%
while still maintaining satisfactory water quality – even during periods of heavy bather load. In another swimming bath, ventilation electricity consumption was reduced by 15%. The results will e.g. be used to revise
the executive order on swimming pools and water quality to allow bather load-dependent water circulation.
Energy-efficient hydrocyclones
Pr. manager:
PSO:
Result:
ELFORSK · 339-033
106
Korsbæk & Partnere · Gunnar Bentsen · tel.: +45 75 94 37 01
DKK 492,750
Completed 2nd quarter 2009
Further to Elforsk project 337-008, a hydrocyclone pilot plant with a capacity of 8 m3 potato juice per
hour was tested at two potato starch factories in Karup and Brande. The 2007/2008 campaign saw
some clogging problems at the plant in Karup where electricity savings of 32% were achieved. In
the following 2008/2009 campaign, the plant was moved to Brande Kartoffelmelfabrik where it was
fitted with a shear pump for potato juice homogenisation before separation in the hydrocyclone plant.
Electricity savings of 54% were achieved, and at the same time, the hydrocyclone plant was able to
recover more starch from potato juice.
energy · RESEARCH · DEVELOPMENT · DEMONSTRATION · 2010
Completed projects · Efficient energy use
Reduction of power consumption in motordriven systems by using PM motors
Pr. manager:
PSO:
Result:
Danish Technological Institute · Claus Martin Hvenegaard · tel.: +45 72 20 25 25
DKK 1,141,000
Completed 4th quarter 2009
On the basis of measurement on asynchronous motors and permanent magnet motors (PM motors) of
various sizes and of ventilator and pump tests, the project calculated the savings potential of replacing
existing motors by the more energy-efficient PM motors in the industry. The potential was determined at
556 GWh/year, equal to 8%. Furthermore, with other system optimisation initiatives (ventilators, pumps,
transmission components and energy-efficient control and adjustment), similar savings can be achieved,
equal to a total of about 16% of electricity consumption for motor operation.
Industrial processes
ELFORSK · 340-028
Energy Savings in Danish Trade and Industry by Active Harmonic Filtering
Pr. manager:
PSO:
Result:
Dansk Energi Analyse A/S · Mogens Johansson · tel.: +45 38 79 70 70
DKK 150,000
Completed 3rd quarter 2009
This project quantified losses in the distribution grid and in directly connected motors due to harmonics.
The extent of harmonic distortion was measured in 10 companies, and it was determined that voltage
distortion must be at least 5-6% to make installation of active filters profitable. General electricity savings
are estimated at a few percent, equal to 30-60 GWh/year, but in addition, active filters lead to more stable
production, longer motor lifetimes etc. The results are used in Elforsk project 342-030, which is to result in
guidelines for electrical engineers in the corporate sector.
ELFORSK · 341-030
Behavioural and technical potentials for the development
of more energy-effective ICT solutions in households
Pr. manager:
PSO:
Result:
DTU Management · Inge Røpke · tel.: +45 45 25 60 09
DKK 1,610,000
Completed 3rd quarter 2009
The project studied use of information and communication technologies (ICT) in private homes through
qualitative interviews, and the consequences for electricity consumption were analysed. Scenarios were
developed for strong and moderate growth in the use of ICT. The ICT share of the electricity consumption in
private homes went up from 17% in 1997 to 26% in 2006, and this share is expected to increase to between
37% and 45% in 2015. In addition to the direct electricity consumption, increasing energy consumption is
also to be expected for production, transport and disposal of ICT equipment and for the ICT infrastructure such
as server farms and transmission masts.
Behaviour,
barriers, means
ELFORSK · 338-007
FEED-BACK motivated electricity savings in the home
Pr. manager:
PSO:
Result:
Nordvestjysk Elforsyning · John Thøgersen · tel.: +45 89 48 64 40
DKK 4,194,700
Completed 1st quarter 2010
In 1,452 households with remote-read meters in the Syd Energi supply area, customers received regular feedback on their electricity consumption via SMS or e-mail in a pilot project. The subsequent evaluation revealed
average electricity savings of 3% for the most efficient setups, compared to a control group that did not receive
feedback. The objective to develop equipment for frequent feedback to NOE customers based electricity con­
sumption measurements at meter level could not be completed according to the project intentions, and this
part was therefore solely completed as a pilot test for 20 households which achieved energy savings of 8%.
ELFORSK · 338-020
Energy Services in the Public Service
Pr. manager:
PSO:
Result:
NRGi Rådgivning A/S · Martin Dam Wied · tel.: +45 38 14 64 27
DKK 998,000
Completed 3. kvartal 2009
Based on experience with ESCO projects in a number of local authority areas, NRGi Rådgivning de­
veloped and evaluated a phase-divided model for an ESCO partnership aiming to make it easier for
the local authorities to realise their great energy savings potential. The model is flexible, and it can
therefore be used as framework for a number of different agreement types for public/private partnerships, which are the core of an ESCO process. Furthermore, an ESCO travelling team was established
to coach interested local authorities on commercial terms, thus making it easier for the local author­
ities to complete successful ESCO processes.
ELFORSK · 338-028
energy · RESEARCH · DEVELOPMENT · DEMONSTRATION · 2010
107
Completed projects · Efficient energy use
Behaviour,
barriers, means
Indication of consumption of electricity via online wireless communication
with a building electric meter
Pr. manager:
PSO:
Result:
ELFORSK · 338-039
NRGi Rådgivning A/S · Martin Dam Wied · tel.: +45 38 14 64 27
DKK 862,000
Completed 3rd quarter 2009
The project developed an electricity metering system capable of reading the electrical power load directly from the primary or secondary electricity meter. The electrical power load is shown as a mobile phone
display. It was necessary to develop all hardware and related software for the system and resources
were therefore not sufficient to study the originally planned user-related functionalities. The system is
therefore solely tested on the associated energy consultants. The system proved to be most suitable for
identifying no-load operation, e.g. in buildings with single high-energy consuming equipment (such as
ventilation and pump equipment ) or production processes.
Enhanced methods for estimation of energy savings impacts
Pr. manager:
PSO:
Result:
ELFORSK · 339-010
IT Energy ApS · Troels Fjordbak Larsen · tel.: +45 44 84 42 55
DKK 1,399,725
Completed 4th quarter 2009
By comparing data from remote-read electricity meters in the Syd Energi supply area with personal and
residential data from Statistics Denmark, the project tried to determine the savings effect of three different
“soft” initiatives. Generally, energy suppliers find it difficult to document the effect of such “soft” initiatives.
The analyses documented a significant effect of handing out AutoPowerOff plug banks to the consumers,
resulting in average electricity savings of about 160 kWh/year/household. However, it proved more difficult
to demonstrate an effect of schooling and informative electricity bills followed up by telephone interviews.
Demand side management integrated in Lean production and administration
Pr. manager:
PSO:
Result:
ELFORSK · 339-017
Danish Technological Institute · Per Tage Jespersen · tel.: +45 72 20 23 85
DKK 750,000
Completed 1st quarter 2010
By means of theoretical reports and three specific cases, the project showed how Lean principles can
improve energy consulting efficiency, thus making it easier for end-users and energy consultants to
record and document energy savings achieved. The three cases documented various types of extra
benefits of integrating energy efficiency improvement in Lean processes. As a result of process optimisation, one manufacturing company successfully reduced both staffing and energy consumption,
thus making production in Denmark competitive with outsourced production in Asia.
Development of a method for outsourcing energy optimisation
Pr. manager:
PSO:
Result:
ELFORSK · 339-036
NRGi Rådgivning A/S ·Martin Dam Wied · tel.: +45 38 14 64 27
DKK 998,000
Completed 1st quarter 2010
The project developed a tool to optimise interaction between companies and energy saving players.
Consisting of an eight-phase model, the tool can probably increase the realisation rate from the current 50% of the recommended energy savings so that in future large energy intensive companies can
reduce their energy consumption by up to 10%. For each of the eight phases, the project describes
what resources the company and energy consultant, respectively, must contribute to make the most
of the energy optimisation process. The model indicates that the competences of energy consultants
must extend beyond energy technology skills.
Second homes – a source of electricity savings
Pr. manager:
PSO:
Result:
ELFORSK · 340-019
108
DBRI-AAU · Ole Michael Jensen · tel.: +45 99 40 23 73
DKK 633,525
Completed 1st quarter 2010
A questionnaire survey among 700 holiday home owners was conducted and followed up by interviews with representatives of typical groups of holiday home owners and a number of key persons
representing rental, building, electricity supply, regulatory processing and supply of renewable energy
facilities to holiday homes. The results of the questionnaire survey and of former surveys on technical
savings potential are included in an easy-to-read catalogue of ideas with directions and recommendations for various groups of holiday home users and players. The recommendations are grouped into
eight topics of more or less relevance for the various target groups.
energy · RESEARCH · DEVELOPMENT · DEMONSTRATION · 2010
Completed projects · Efficient energy use
Energy-efficient maintenence
Pr. manager:
PSO:
Result:
NRGi Rådgivning A/S · Martin Dam Wied · tel.: +45 38 14 64 27
DKK 1,004,950
Completed 1st quarter 2010
Together with four case companies, the project developed and tested a model for energy-efficient
maintenance. In each of the companies, the model was adjusted through a cooperation process aiming
at combining energy optimisation and maintenance as part of specific production optimisation. When
correctly planned, energy-efficient maintenance is interesting for all companies. An overall solution was
made, which can facilitate major energy savings and production efficiency improvement. The solution
will be communicated to the users through training and education, e.g. through the Centre for Operation
and Maintenance.
Behaviour,
barriers, means
ELFORSK · 340-021
Development of tool for environmental and socio-economic assessment
of district cooling solutions
Pr. manager:
PSO:
Result:
H
COWI A/S · Svend Erik Mikkelsen · tel.: +45 45 97 28 21
DKK 835,970
Completed 1st quarter 2010
To facilitate identification of the most suitable district cooling projects and the optimum system
solution for the relevant locations, the project developed a modelling and analysis tool in which utility
companies, energy consultants and/or end-users can enter available data and clarify whether district
cooling is worth pursuing. Initially, the tool was tested with promising results in a district cooling
project at Kgs. Nytorv carried out by Københavns Energi and will subsequently be used in a business
case on Rådhuspladsen in Copenhagen.
ELFORSK · 340-025
Reductions of pressure losses in HVAC-installations
Pr. manager:
PSO:
Result:
Danish Technological Institute · Peter Poulsen · tel.: +45 72 20 32 34
DKK 1,240,625
Completed 1st quarter 2010
The project defined the concept environmentally friendly indoor climate where users’ need for a healthy
and productive climate can be met with low energy consumption, equal to savings of 90% compared to
the current requirements of the Danish Building Regulations. Ventilation without draught and acoustic noise
problems should not trigger annual CO2 emissions of more than 1-3 kg/m2. www.miljorigtigtindeklima.dk
provides specific guidelines and a calculation programme, enabling an overview of pressure loss and duct
dimensions, a programme which calculates heat balance, and an overview of key figures for ABC categories
for environmentally friendly indoor climate.
ELFORSK · 340-033
The electrical CO2 project – a creative demonstration project
Pr. manager:
PSO:
Result:
University College, Sjælland/Ankerhus Seminarium · Anne-Grete Rasmussen · tel.: +45 57 83 01 38
DKK 761,424
Completed 1st quarter 2010
The project prepared training programmes for home economics students, social education students
and students at Nutrition & Health at Ankerhus, where health, CO2 and the environment are linked
together. As part of the training programme, a competition was arranged on the best photo story and
video clip among about 100 contributions and a competition to achieve the largest energy savings.
The student contributions are available on www.co2tips.dk, and the general results are used in a
project on creative CO2 meals in day-care centres and in various course activities, e.g. how the Web2
technology can be used to promote health and environmental aspects.
ELFORSK · 340-053
The Climate Friendly Family
Pr. manager:
PSO:
Result:
Viegand & Maagøe · Ditte Vesterager Christensen · tel.: +45 33 34 90 20
DKK 1,434,248
Completed 1st quarter 2010
The project examined to what extent radio and TV programmes and interactive websites can make the
average family adjust its behaviour in a more climate-friendly direction. A CO2 calculator and a CO2 diet
were developed, available on www.dr.dk/klima (Test dig selv) and www.mapmyclimate.dk. Follow-up
questionnaire surveys and focus group interviews showed that radio and TV programmes can contribute
to adjustments in behaviour, whereas websites can primarily be used to increase the knowledge of fam­
ilies already positive towards behavioural adjustments.
ELFORSK · 341-016
energy · RESEARCH · DEVELOPMENT · DEMONSTRATION · 2010
109
Completed projects · Efficient energy use
Implementation of models for building-integrated
heating and cooling systems in BSim
Pr. manager:
ERP:
Result:
ENS-33031-0184
Energy saving in child care centres by selecting ventilation solutions
adjusted to specific solutions
Pr. manager:
ERP:
Result:
ENS-33032-0016
DTU Civil Engineering · Bjarne W. Olsen · tel.: +45 45 25 41 17
DKK 1,373,000
Completed 4th quarter 2009
The project developed dynamic simulation models for water-based building-integrated systems (e.g. floor
heating, cooling ceilings and building-integrated cooling systems) and implemented them in the BSim
simulation program. In recent years, designers have expressed a pronounced need for tools for optimising
these widely used installation systems and with the new energy requirement, this need will be increased considerably. The programme offers better possibilities of designing energy-efficient buildings with lower energy
consumption and improved thermal indoor climate as the models allow better system control and adjustment.
DBRI-AAU · Alireza Afshari · tel.: +45 99 40 23 93
DKK 1,878,000
Completed 1st quarter 2010
The project carried out detailed measurements in two day-care centres with mechanical and natural ventilation,
respectively, to analyse energy consumption and indoor climate, and the measurements were followed up by
simulations of selected indoor climate parameters and energy consumption in typical institutions. Five different
ventilation strategies were simulated for both natural and mechanical ventilation, the results showing that
demand-controlled ventilation system with a capacity of 150% of the existing leads to reduced or the same CO2
concentration but with energy savings of 39%. Institutions with natural ventilation can achieve savings of 15%.
District heating-operated adsorption heating pumps with earth deposit
for multistorey housing, office and institutional buildings – phase 1
Pr. manager:
ERP:
Result:
ENS-33032-0061
COWI A/S · Svend Erik Mikkelsen · tel.: +45 45 97 28 21
DKK 1,229,000
Completed 1st quarter 2010
The project investigated the conditions of applying district heating-driven adsorption heating pumps
with underground storage for cooling and heating. The concept is most suitable for buildings with a
cooling requirement of at least half of the heating requirement. The concept is used in two new buildings, the Green Light House of the University of Copenhagen and the new town hall building in Viborg.
The project inspired the authorities to prepare a new executive order on geothermal heating systems,
which is expected to result in simplified handling of applications. Financial calculations showed that
pay-back times of just under 14 years can be achieved with a 29% reduction in CO2 emissions.
Natural ventilation with heat recovery and cooling
Pr. manager:
ERP:
Result:
ENS-33032-0095
Esbensen Consulting Engineers · Morten Stender Christensen · tel.: +45 33 26 73 00
DKK 2,328,000
Completed 1st quarter 2010
Through development, laboratory experiments and simulation on four building types, the project
demonstrated that exhaust air heat from natural ventilation is recyclable for heating purposes. The
entering air may also be cooled actively and the recovered heat can be used for hot domestic water.
Calculations using Be06 showed that energy consumption can be reduced by 40% compared to
various conventional ventilation systems and that construction costs are lower than for most other
systems. www.nvvk.dk provides more information on the concept, which will be implemented in the
sports hall Diamanten in Fynshav under EDDP project ENS-63011-0172.
Development of new types of low-energy windows of composite materials
Pr. manager:
ERP:
Result:
ENS-33033-0067
110
DTU Civil Engineering · Svend Svendsen · tel.: +45 45 25 17 00
DKK 1,120,000
Completed 1st quarter 2010
The project developed specific proposals for glassfibre-reinforced polyester frame constructions for both two
and three-layer low-energy panes, and four outward opening and two inward opening proposals were de­
signed. The proposals were developed in close cooperation with Fiberline Composites, and results were offered
to Danish window manufacturers some of which have introduced new energy-efficient products on the market. Effect calculations of the more energy-efficient windows show that the total annual energy consumption
can be reduced from 30 to 28 kWh/m2 in office buildings and from 68 to 57 kWh/m2 in single-family houses.
energy · RESEARCH · DEVELOPMENT · DEMONSTRATION · 2010
Completed projects · Efficient energy use
Danish participation in IEA
“Hybrid and electric vehicle implementing agreement” phase 3 2007-2009
Pr. manager:
ERP:
Result:
Ørsted-DTU · Jørgen Horstmann · tel.: +45 45 88 16 33
DKK 290,000
Completed 1st quarter 2010
The project provided the framework for Danish participation in the IEA cooperation IA-HEV, an important
international forum for information and experience exchange on alternative transport technologies, such
as electric cars with batteries, hybrid power in combination with combustion engines and electric drives
with fuel cells. Through participation in IA-HEV, Denmark can join a newly established work group on renewable energy for electric vehicles and hybrid cars, which is particularly interesting seen from a Danish
perspective. The project also makes it possible to communicate the latest international knowledge in the
field to the Danish Energy Agency.
ENS-33033-0117
Innovative and energy-efficient retrofit of public buildings – part 2
Pr. manager:
ERP:
Result:
DBRI-AAU · Kirsten Engelund Thomsen · tel.: +45 99 40 23 74
DKK 400,000
Completed 3rd quarter 2009
The project funded Danish participation in a high-profile EU project on energy-efficient renovation
of public buildings. The Danish contribution was the conversion of Prøvehallen at the old porcelain
factory in Valby into a local cultural centre. The building envelope was renovated, and new low-­
energy windows, solar collectors and heating pumps for hot domestic water, hybrid ventilation and
user-friendly CTS control reduce heat consumption by more than 50%. The building is fitted with
PV cells on a south-facing gable. The electricity consumption proved to be about 50% higher than
expected, primarily because of a very high activity level in the renovated building.
ENS-33033-0170
Energy-neutral window for retrofitting residential property
Pr. manager:
ERP:
Result:
VELUX A/S · Per Jacobsen · tel.: +45 76 69 37 00
DKK 1,799,000
Completed 1st quarter 2010
The project aimed to develop a SMARTVENT unit to meet consumers’ wish for a light, healthy and
temperate indoor climate in energy-neutral manner. The unit consists of a window with built-in solar
shading and ventilation unit with four operating settings. Even though the project successfully realised
all requirement specifications for the individual components, the overall unit failed to meet the maximum sound pressure level requirement. Instead, the results were integrated into a climate solution
developed by Velux for the southern European market but adapted to northern European conditions.
A successful prototype is now to be product-matured for SMARTVENT2.
ENS-33033-0214
EneryBUILD: Climate and energy-efficient buildings
Pr. manager:
EDDP:
Result:
DI Byggematerialer · Kristine van het Erve Grunnet · tel.: +45 33 77 33 77
DKK 465,000 Completed 4th quarter 2009
The project established a knowledge basis for the EnergiBYG partnership by analysing potentials for
energy savings and CO2 reductions in the building stock, studying the possibilities of integration with
the overall utility system and identifying market segments for launching energy-saving initiatives
for buildings. The study clarified the existing challenges concerning development potential, demonstration needs and untapped market potential. The study was discussed at a workshop with 160
participants and will form the basis of an actual strategy for new buildings and renovation of existing
buildings.
ENS-63011-0109
energy · RESEARCH · DEVELOPMENT · DEMONSTRATION · 2010
111
Energy systems
Total
0.0
0.0
0.0
9.0
19.0
54.4
20.4
22.6
105.2
29.4
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
0
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140
DCSR
ForskEL
ERP/EDDP
Strong Danish competences in the
intelligent energy system of the future
By granting major funding to projects aimed at testing tomorrow’s
in real-time. These factors make Bornholm an evident site for dem-
intelligent energy system, the ForskEL programme and EDDP have
onstrating what Danish competences in intelligent electricity gen-
set the scene for turning Bornholm into a full-scale test centre. Its
eration and consumption control can really do. At the same time,
activities may impact on energy systems design throughout Europe.
politicians and utility companies on the island strongly support a
Energinet.dk has also been discussing the possibilities of obtain-
vision of turning Bornholm into the “Bright Green Island”, able to
ing significant EU funding for the EcoGrid project, which has also
create growth and new jobs.
selected Bornholm as its test centre.
In spring 2010, Energinet.dk and DONG Energy launched a range of
System balance in real-time
activities under the EU-funded TWENTIES project, in which several
The island is uniquely positioned, having a combination of relatively
European players are developing model tools and operational sup-
large and fluctuating electricity generation from renewable energy
port tools for a power system capable of handling major volumes of
sources and the option of periodically decoupling the submarine
electricity from renewable-energy plants. Scheduled to run until end-
cable to Sweden and thus documenting isolated island operation
2014, the EcoGrid project shifts system development from computerbased simulations to full-scale testing, in realtime balancing production and consumption.
The system must be able to mobilise regulat-
Smart Houses are the buildings of the future
ing power services in less than five minutes
as opposed to the about 15 minutes it takes
Prosumer
Local RE-production
PV cells, solar heating
in today’s regulating power market. Advanced
communication technology testing focuses on
determining whether interruptible electricityconsuming equipment can mobilise regulat-
Comfo
rt
Smart Grids
E-Mobility:
Plug-in hybrid
or electrical car
will involve aggregation units that enable a
balance-responsible party to gather up to
Smart Meter
Real-time price signals
“Green signal”
Intelligent thermostats,
heating pumps and air control
ing power services from consumers. The test
Broadband
and communication
Control, regulation,
remote control,
preferences and statistics
1,000 consumers into one balancing unit. Innovative IT equipment must enable balanceresponsible parties constantly to utilise the
fluctuating prices of the regulating power
market to prioritise the most competitive suppliers of ancillary services.
112
energy · RESEARCH · DEVELOPMENT · DEMONSTRATION · 2010
EDISON and Celle Controller to Bornholm
EDISON full scale EV project
Celle Controller at operation
Power
Exchange
Electric
Vehicle
Power Dealer
Balance
Responsible
Bornholm – Bright Green Island
The EcoGrid project has an overall budget of EUR 23 million, with EU
car owner’s options for returning available battery capacity to the
funding accounting for EUR 14 million earmarked to cover costs of
power system will be tested at a later stage.
marketing and communication equipment. Energinet.dk submitted
the project-group application on 1 March 2010 and expects a final
The comprehensive full-scale demonstration of the intelligent power
decision to be made before year-end.
system will include the EDDP PowerLabDK project, in which DTU
Electrical Engineering is to develop and test energy system models
Interrelations between power system and electric cars
with metering and control technology in full-scale operation. DTU
The Bornholm “development laboratory” also comprises the ForskEL
Electrical Engineering is working on another EDDP project to de-
EDISON project, which is testing the interplay between electric car
velop electricity consumption into a frequency-controlled reserve.
recharging and the power system. The first phase of this consortium
The results of this project will also become part of the total demon-
project will test an IT infrastructure with associated charge stations
stration activities in the years to come.
that, using the roaming principle known in mobile phones, are continuously able to communicate car owners’ wishes for green, cheap
Developed by Energinet.dk at the Holsted test centre at Billund, the
or fast charging electricity. The testing relates to the business con-
autonomous cell controller will also be mobilised to demonstrate
cept being developed by Better Place jointly with DONG Energy. The
that price signals from the spot market and electrical signals can
concept aims precisely at adding extra value to customer relations
be interconnected in a computer-based operations strategy that
between Better Place and car owners, because it makes car owners’
will cover several forms of production plants and many types of
interplay with the power system more intelligent.
household appliances (electric heating, heating pumps, refriger­
ators, freezers, etc.).
The project strategy also calls for analyses and testing to determine
whether batteries no longer fully reliable for electric car operation
Testing flexible electricity consumption
can be exploited as storage capacity for the power system. In 2011,
Using this overall strategy for testing tomorrow’s intelligent electri­
only electricity grid supplies to car owners will be tested, while the
city system, Energinet.dk and EDDP are seeking to compile and make
energy · RESEARCH · DEVELOPMENT · DEMONSTRATION · 2010
113
Energy systems
used the energy forecast, a measurable response appeared, while
the effect from the other tools was too insignificant to be measurable with any statistical probability.
Energinet.dk’s Great Belt Power Link will for the first time connect
Heating pumps as regulating power supplier
the entire Danish power system.
Concurrently with the demonstration projects at Bornholm, ForskEL
continued the efforts aimed at developing heating pumps into suppliers of regulating power services. Electricity-operated heating
pumps with intelligent control may become a key element in the
transition from an environmentally unfriendly energy system using
large volumes of fossil fuels to a more sustainable energy system in
which heating needs are increasingly met by district heating from
carbon-neutral facilities and heating pumps primarily receiving
electricity from wind turbines.
Additionally, intelligent heating pumps can increase system flexibility in the same way as electric car batteries. Heating pumps can be
set up to supply heat primarily when electricity prices are relatively
low and to be interrupted when electricity prices are high. Having
considerable competence in heating pump operation and concepts,
the Danish Technological Institute will conduct two separate studies
to test heating pump potential for power station operation and heating pumps in a virtual power plant that controls several household
heating pumps as a single unit able to supply regulating power ser­
vices. Analysing the impact of control on consumer comfort, energy
consumption, CO2 emissions, etc., will be an aspect of the projects.
Photo: Energinet.dk
Also funded by ForskEL, another project group will develop and demonstrate intelligent remote control of individual heating pumps. The
use of experience from projects that have tested various methods
balance responsible party, Nordjysk Elhandel, manages the project
of interesting small electricity consumers in more flexible
and will therefore on an ongoing basis be able to implement project
use. ForskEL has co-funded tests at SEAS-NVE, a project managed
results in new products for customers with heating pumps.
by the Danish Energy Industries Federation. The tests aimed at
persuading electrical-heating customers to shift their heat con-
The Programme Commission on Sustainable Energy and Environ-
sumption from periods of high loads in the electricity system and
ment under the Danish Council for Strategic Research has imple-
correspondingly high prices to periods with lower spot prices. The
mented some of its 2009 funding in two strategic research alli­ances,
tests showed that electrical-heating customers with automated
charged with researching into new concepts for a contemporary
equipment did shift their heat consumption to low-price periods
electricity system and the societal framework existing for the de-
to some extent, and that a few families could cut their electricity
sired transition to a society that uses less fossil fuel. The Department
bills by up to DKK 3,000 annually. However, the savings came about
of Energy Technology-AAU is continuing its work on results of a re-
more as a result of agreements concluded than of shifts in major
cently concluded project aimed at developing probabilistic methods
volumes of electricity consumption.
for optimised operation and planning of an electricity system with
varying consumption, fluctuating wind-turbine electricity gener­
114
At EnergiSyd, a ForskEL project managed by RAMBØLL also tested a
ation and small-scale CHP plants in long-term research projects that
number of campaign tools aimed at making customers shift some
involve an electricity system with renewable energy sources, en-
of their consumption to periods that harmonise better with the
ergy storage facilities, local supplies and electric/hybrid cars. DTU
needs of the electricity system. One of the more remarkable tools
Management will use action research to analyse the transition to a
consists of a daily ¨energy forecast”, informing customers via tele­
more sustainable energy system. Scientists from Germany and the
vision of electricity prices in the next 24 hours. When customers
Netherlands are also participating in the research alliance.
energy · RESEARCH · DEVELOPMENT · DEMONSTRATION · 2010
Funded projects · Energy systems
Development of a Secure, Economic and
Environmentally friendly Modern Power System
Pr. manager:
Contact:
Participants:
Department of Energy Technology-AAU
Zhe Chen · zch@iet.aau.dk · tel.: +45 99 40 92 55
Risø DTU, Dong Energy, HEF, AREVA,
kk-electronics
DKK 18,036,721
DCSR:
Total budget: DKK 23,400,000
Completion: 4th quarter 2014
The project develops a number of new concepts
and intelligent approaches for a modern power
system which includes renewable energy, storage
units, distributed generation, plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, etc. The considerations include grid
security, electricity market, stability, protection,
optimum control and cost-effective utilisation of
generation units.
DCSR · 09-067255
Enabling and governing transitions to a low carbon society
Pr. manager:
Contact:
Participants:
DTU Management
Michael Søgaard Jørgensen · msj@man.dtu.dk
tel.: +45 45 25 60 24
Risø DTU, AAU, KU, ÅU, TU Eindhoven,
TU München
DKK 22,000,000
DCSR:
Total budget: DKK 31,200,000
Completion: 4th quarter 20133
Through a combination of historical analysis, case
studies and action research, the research alliance
will analyse the roles of socio-technical experiments, creation and utilisation of ‘windows of opportunity’ and stabilisation of changes in societal
niches into regime transformation in transitions to
a low carbon society.
DCSR · 09-067275
The geothermal energy potential in Denmark
– reservoir properties, temperature distribution and models for utilisation
Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland
Lars Henrik Nielsen · lhn@geus.dk
tel.: +45 38 14 27 30
Participants: SGU, Geological Survey of Sweden, AU,
Department of GFZ, German Research Centre for
DONG Energy
DKK 15,392,051
DCSR:
Total budget: DKK 24,200,000
Completion: 4th quarter 2013
Pr. manager:
Contact:
The project will analyse all available relevant
geological and geophysical data. New data and
models will be generated to identify, map and
characterise suitable potential geothermal reservoirs, and also evaluate the total energy potential
using models for understanding variation in reservoir unit quality and temperature conditions.
DCSR · 09-067272
Analysis of wind energy combined with heating pumps
Pr. manager:
Contact:
Participants:
EA Energianalyse
Mikael Togeby · mt@eaea.dk
tel.: +45 60 39 17 07
Varmeplan Aarhus, VindenergiDanmark,
Nordjysk Elhandel
The task (analysis project) is to analyse the value
of a variety of wind-heating pump solutions in
Aarhus based on various assumptions about the
surrounding world.
DKK 382,000
PSO:
Total budget: DKK 641,000
Completion: 4th quarter 2010
ForskEL - 10304
Electricity Storage for Short Term Power System Service
Materials Research Division at Risø DTU
Allan Schrøder Pedersen · alpe@risoe.dtu.dk
tel.: +45 46 77 57 05
Participants: Danish Technological Institute, KK Electronic A/S,
SEAS-NVE, Danfoss Silicon Power GmbH, DONG
Energy, Danfoss Ventures A/S
DKK 991,000
PSO:
Total budget: DKK 1,233,000
Completion: 3rd quarter 2010
Pr. manager:
Contact:
The aim of the project is to evaluate and compare
– technically and economically – options for using
electricity storage to provide short-term (seconds
to an hour) system services at transmission
level in the Danish power system. The project
will benchmark potential technologies and give
recommendations for a subsequent experimental
project phase.
ForskEL - 10426
energy · RESEARCH · DEVELOPMENT · DEMONSTRATION · 2010
115
Funded projects · Energy systems
Intelligent Remote Control for Heating Pumps
Pr. manager:
Contact:
Participants:
Nordjysk Elhandel A/S
Lotte Holmberg Rasmussen · lhr@neas.dk
tel.: +45 40 56 36 07
EURISCO, Energitjenesten Midtjylland,
NeoGrid Technologies, AAU
DKK 4,984,000
PSO:
Total budget: DKK 8,070,000
Completion: 4th quarter 2011
ForskEL - 10469
The project will develop and demonstrate an
intelligent remote control system for individual
heating pumps, enabling the balance responsible
party to plan consumption and deliver regulatory
power, internal balancing and possibly primary
reserves. The project goal will be demonstrated in
an integrated system consisting of heating pump,
accumulating tank and communication platform.
FlexPower - Perspectives of dynamic power price
Risø DTU
Mikael Togeby · mt@eaea.dk
tel.: +45 60 39 17 07
Participants: SEAS-NVE Holding, Enfor, Eurisco, ACTUA ApS,
DTU Informatics
DKK 10,000,000
PSO:
Total budget: DKK 10,062,000
Completion: 4th quarter 2012
Pr. manager:
Contact:
ForskEL - 10486
The project will develop, test, analyse perspectives
of, identify challenges for, evaluate and recommend
methodologies to use dynamic, broadcasted, realtime electricity price(s) for indirect control of the
individual electricity flow of many, small, intelligent
and controllable electricity units in the electricity sys­
tem. The aim is to exploit their potential flexibility.
Heating Pumps as an active tool in the energy supply system
Danish Technological Institute
Claus Schøn Poulsen
claus.s.poulsen@teknologisk.dk
tel.: +45 72 20 25 14
Participants: Varmepumpefabrikant 2 - 17, SydEnergi Salg A/S,
Varmepumpefabrikantforeningen, SEAS-NVE,
Danfoss Heat Pumps
DKK 3,172,000
PSO:
Total budget: DKK 8,585,000
Completion: 2nd quarter 2012
Pr. manager:
Contact:
ForskEL - 10490
The project will develop control strategy and dem­
onstrate heating pumps (HP) to react to varying
electricity prices and deliver regulating power in
a flexible power system. It will also investigate
several HPs organised in a Virtual Power Plant.
Further, the project will evaluate consequences
for comfort, energy consumption COP, CO2 and
economy. Measurements will be made on 20 HP
installations.
SECOND1 - Security Concept for DER
Pr. manager:
Contact:
Participants:
EURISCO ApS
Claus Amtrup Andersen · caa@eurisco.dk
tel.: +45 63 15 71 08
ACTUA ApS
DKK 1,465,000
PSO:
Total budget: DKK 2,030,000
Completion: 3rd quarter 2011
ForskEL - 10520
Electricity demand and frequency controlled reserve
- implementation and practical demonstration
Centre for Electric Technology/DTU Electrical
Engineering
Jacob Østergaard · joe@elektro.dtu.dk
Contact:
tel.: +45 45 25 35 01
Participants: Ea Energianalyse A/S, Danfoss A/S,
Vestfrost A/S, Østkraft A/S
DKK 5,031,000
EDDP:
Total budget: DKK 6,710,000
Completion: 2nd quarter 2012
Pr. manager:
ENS-64009-0001
116
Secure communication is becoming increasingly
more relevant in an electricity system with great
volumes of distributed energy resources (DER).
This project aims to analyse and implement a
security concept that can be used in electricity
systems with a high degree of local production
and with many players.
energy · RESEARCH · DEVELOPMENT · DEMONSTRATION · 2010
Through 11 work packages, including hardware,
design, development, laboratory test, practical
implementation, data analyses, etc., a technology
will be developed in which the electricity consumption will be used as a frequency-controlled
reserve (DFR). As a key element of the project,
the practical use of the technology will be demonstrated in the electricity supply grid of Bornholm.
Funded projects · Energy systems
Real-time demonstration test and evaluation
of Bornholm electricity network with high wind power penetration
PowerLabDK Consortium, c/o Centre for
Electric Technology/DTU Electrical Engineering
Jacob Østergaard · joe@elektro.dtu.dk
Contact:
tel.: +45 45 25 35 01
Participants: Wind Energy Division at Risø DTU, Østkraft A/S,
Copenhagen University College of Engineering
DKK 12,500,000
EDDP:
Total budget: DKK 23,784,000
Completion: 4th quarter 2012
Pr. manager:
This project develops energy-system models with
measuring and control technology that enables
constant collection of production and consumer
data. This facility will help balance the electricity system in connection with fluctuating wind
turbine electricity generation. The system will be
demonstrated and validated in full-scale operation
in Bornholm.
ENS-64009-0112
Harvest the energy and throw away your batteries!
Pr. manager:
Contact:
Participants:
DTU Nanotech
Erik V. Thomsen · erik.v.thomsen@nanotech.dtu.dk
tel.: +45 45 25 57 66
Ferroperm Piezoceramics A/S,
Vestas Wind Systems A/S
DKK 13,000,000
ATF:
Total budget: DKK 26,000,000
Completion: 3rd quarter 2012
The project will develop energy harvesters that
convert the tiny amounts of energy harvested
from vibrations into electrical energy. Energy
harvesters are made from a combination of
silicon-based micro/nano technology and print
technology for piezo-electric thick film. They will
subsequently be tested on Vestas nacelles and
blades.
Projects in progress · Energy systems
Project no.
Project title
Project manager
Contact
Funding
Completion
2104-04-0006
Self-organising distributed control of a
distributed energy system with a high
penetration of renewable energy
DTU Informatics
Niels Kjølstad Poulsen
nkp@imm.dtu.dk
tel.: +45 45 25 33 56
DKK
3.000.000
2nd quarter
2010
2104-06-0007 Coherent Energy and Environmental
System Analysis
Department of
Development and
Planning-AAU
Henrik Lund
lund@plan.aau.dk
tel.: +45 96 35 83 09
DKK
14,974,273
3rd quarter
2011
2104-06-0027 Centre of Energy, Environment and
Health (CEEH)
Niels Bohr
Institute-KU
Eigil Kaas
kaas@gfy.ku.dk
tel.: +45 35 32 05 14
DKK
25,211,049
4th quarter
2011
Materials Research
Division at Risø DTU
Jean-Claude Roger Grivel
jean@risoe.dtu.dk
tel.: +45 46 77 47 39
DKK
13,300,000
3rd quarter
2013
2104-08-0032
Development of long superconducting
tapes with improved engineering
properties, produced by a green
processing route
energy · RESEARCH · DEVELOPMENT · DEMONSTRATION · 2010
117
Projects in progress · Energy systems
118
Project no.
Project title
Project manager
6316
Control and regulation of
modern distribution system
6329
Funding
Completion
Department of Energy John K. Pedersen
Technology-AAU
jkp@iet.aau.dk
tel: +45 96 35 92 60
DKK
4,685,330
3rd quarter
2010
The demand side as reserve power
in the greenhouse sector
DEG Green Team
Leif Marienlund
LMK@danskgartneri.dk
tel: +45 35 28 15 00
DKK
3,980,000
2nd quarter
2010
6374
Agent based control of power systems
with decentralised production
DTU Electrical
Engineering
Jacob Østergaard
joe@oersted.dtu.dk
tel: +45 45 25 35 00
DKK
2,003,000
2nd quarter
2010
6393
Price elastic power consumption and
power production in the industry
Dansk Energi
Analyse a/s
Mogens Johansson
dea@dea.dk
tel: +45 38 79 70 70
DKK
2,558,000
2nd quarter
2010
7136
Increasing energy system flexibility
and efficiency by using heating pumps
in CHP stations
Danish Technological
Institute
Claus Schøn Poulsen
claus.s.poulsen@
teknologisk.dk
tel: +45 72 20 25 10
DKK
4,883,000
2nd quarter
2010
7572
Generic virtual power plant (VPP)
for optimised micro CHP operation
and integration
DTU Electrical
Engineering
Chresten Træholt
ctr@oersted.dtu.dk
tel: +45 45 25 35 20
DKK
3,926,000
4th quarter
2010
10106
Flexcom
Risø DTU
Henrik Bindner
hwbi@risoe.dtu.dk
tel: +45 46 77 46 80
DKK
3,777,000
4th quarter
2010
10134
Energy city Frederikshavn:
100% balanced RE supply
Local Authority
of Frederikshavn
Bahram Dehghan
bade@frederikshavn.dk
tel: +45 98 45 50 00
DKK
1,998,000
3rd quarter
2010
10216
Energy membrane
A&J Developpment
Asger Gramkow
asger.gramkow@hecare.dk
tel: +45 74 47 05 00
DKK 500,000 2nd quarter
2010
10224
EDISON consortium
Danish Energy
Association
Jørgen S. Christensen
jsc@danskenergi.dk
tel: +45 35 30 07 80
DKK
32,934,000
10233
Activating 200 MW of waste CHP
as upward regulating power
EMD
International A/S
Anders N. Andersen
ana@emd.dk
tel: +45 96 35 44 44
DKK 598,250 3rd quarter
2010
10242
Remote Services for CHP
EURISCO ApS
Claus Amtrup Andersen
caa@eurisco.dk
tel: +45 63 15 71 10
DKK
1,411,625
4th quarter
2010
10252
Demand Response medium sized
industry consumers
Danish Technological
Institute
Anders Mønsted
Anders.monsted@
teknologisk.dk
tel: +45 72 20 20 00
DKK
2,000,000
4th quarter
2011
10258
Proactive participation of wind
in the electricity markets
EMD
International A/S
Anders N. Andersen
ana@emd.dk
tel: +45 96 35 44 44
DKK 762,000 3rd quarter
2010
Project no.
Project title
Project manager
Contact
Funding
Completion
ENS63011-0129
Danish participation in IEA-ETSAP,
Annex XI, 2008-2010
Systems analysis
Division at Risø DTU
Poul Erik Grohnheit
pogr@risoe.dtu.dk
tel.: +45 46 77 51 07
DKK
511,000
4th quarter
2010
ENS63011-0209
Small-scale zero emission gas
expanders (SS-ZEGEX). Gas expanders
at Danish M/R-stations for natural gas
Danish Gas
Technology Centre
Niels Bjarne Rasmussen
nbr@dgc.dk
tel.: +45 21 47 17 52
DKK
2,678,000
4th quarter
2011
energy · RESEARCH · DEVELOPMENT · DEMONSTRATION · 2010
Contact
4th quarter
2011
Completed projects · Energy systems
Self-organising distributed control of a distributed energy system
with a high penetration of renewable energy
Pr. manager:
DCSR:
Result:
DTU Informatics · Niels Kjølstad Poulsen · tel.: +45 45 25 33 56
DKK 3,000,000
Completed 2nd quarter 2009
By setting up an experimental facility – SYSLAB – the project studied aspects of the basis for distrib­
uted resources such as wind turbines, photovoltaics and not least consumers participating in power
system control, including the aspect of how build-up of such control can be automised. Establishing
self-organising control requires the system to be constructed with this in mind. Thus, in SYSLAB an
infrastructure facilitating this was set up. Algorithms to identify the system topology of which the
components form part were developed and implemented.
DCSR · 2104-04-0006
Design, modelling and utilisation of thermo electrical materials and devices
in energy systems
Pr. manager:
DCSR:
Result:
Department of Energy Technology–AAU · Lasse Rosendahl · tel.: +45 96 35 92 63
DKK 3,907,200
Completed 2009
The project dealt with thermo-electric generators converting heat flow directly into electric power
without involving any moving parts. The project aimed to develop detailed models applicable for
optimisation of thermo-electric energy systems so that system efficiency is constantly maximised.
Integrating thermal and electric modelling techniques, the models were validated against measuring
data from specially developed test stands. As test case, a scenario was created in which thermoelectric generators are implemented in the Danish electricity sector.
DCSR · 2104-04-0026
Low-cost oxygen membranes
Pr. manager:
DCSR:
Result:
Fuel Cells and Solid State Chemistry Division at Risø DTU · Andreas Kaiser · tel.: +45 46 77 58 89
DKK 2,104,873
Completed 4th quarter 2009
During the project, we developed oxygen membranes based on ion-conducting ceramics. They allow
pure oxygen to be extracted from air and be used in ceramic processes. The membrane oxygen can
improve the efficiency of many processes in future energy systems - e.g. in new incineration and gasification processes. The membranes were produced by inexpensive ceramic manufacturing processes.
The goal of attaining high oxygen flux above 16 ml cm-2 min-1 at 850°C was achieved by using thin
membranes based on added cerium oxide under operational conditions relevant to syngas production.
DCSR · 2104-05-0041·
Systems with High Level Integration of Renewable Generation Units
Pr. manager:
DCSR:
Result:
Department of Energy Technology–AAU · Zhe Chen · tel.: +45 99 40 92 55
DKK 1,800,000
Completed 4th quarter 2009
The project developed probabilistic methods for optimum operation and planning of contemporary
distribution systems, including probabilistic models for wind power, small-scale CHP plants and
load. It also performed probabilistic power transmission calculations. The following challenges were
studied: 1) optimum power factor in wind turbine operation; 2) probabilistic analysis to solve capacity
deficiencies in transformer or gas turbine plants; 3) minimising connection grid costs of wind turbines
through cable selection; 4) maximum wind turbine capacity at reactive effect regulation and energy
reduction.
DCSR · 2104-05-0043 ·
Automation systems for Demand Response
Pr. manager:
PSO:
Result:
Danish Energy Industries Federation · Anders Stouge · tel.: +45 33 77 30 70
DKK 4,000,000
Completed 3rd quarter 2009
More than 500 households with electric heating participated in a demonstration project about demand response. Participants paid for electricity based on spot prices. The groups notified of the next
day’s prices by E-mail and/or SMS did not change their demand pattern. The group with automatic
control of the electric heating did significantly change their demand pattern. Overall cost savings were
up to EUR 500/year - however the majority was due to the type of price contract used in the project.
ForskEL - 6320
energy · RESEARCH · DEVELOPMENT · DEMONSTRATION · 2010
119
Completed projects · Energy systems
Interactive meters, activating price flexible power consumption
Pr. manager:
PSO:
Result:
ForskEL - 6416
Dong Energy A/S · Mogens West · tel.: +45 30 18 13 90
DKK 1,488,000
Completed 2nd quarter 2009
It is technically possible to manage and activate the potential for flexible electricity consumption in
the segment of large office blocks and public buildings. Practical experiments have shown that it is
somewhat more expensive to achieve flexibility in power consumption for old buildings than for a
newly built properties. Customers must be consulted during planning and information must be disseminated widely in the participating organisation, so all interested users / tenants are aware that
interruptions of shorter duration may arise in energy services such as ventilation and cooling. The
potential in Denmark was estimated.
Energy forecast
Pr. manager:
PSO:
Result:
ForskEL - 7571
RAMBØLL A/S · Jørgen Hvid · tel.: +45 45 98 87 90
DKK 6,386,429
Completed 1st quarter 2009
A number of instruments, Internet, media campaigns, boxes displaying electricity prices (SEE1) and
spot contract has been tested for households to shift their electricity consumption to times when
prices are low. Of the implemented media campaigns, only the daily viewing of Energy forecast on TV
had an impact. Consumers gained greater knowledge of electricity prices and electricity consumption
loads, but only showed little interest in shifting electricity consumption. However, a measurable effect appeared at night with the group that had both concluded a spot contract and received an SEE1.
These factors increase the awareness of the price of electricity and the possibility of shifting electricity
consumption.
CanDan1.5 Analysis of power balancing with fuel cells
Pr. manager:
PSO:
Result:
ForskEL - 10110
H2 Logic A/S · Mikael Sloth · tel.: +45 96 27 56 00
DKK 1,030,000
Completed 2nd quarter 2009
As electricity production from fluctuating wind power increases in many areas of the world so does
the need to hybridise the electric grid and to store electric energy at times with electric surplus for
use in times with less wind. Future Solid Oxide Electrolyser Cells can, combined with multistage compressors and heat utilisation, obtain considerably higher grid-to-tank efficiencies than today. Future
hydrogen fuel cell vehicles with plug-in batteries for a battery electric range of app. 60 km have high
grid-to-wheels efficiencies and driving ranges that meet the requirements of today’s vehicles.
Combined wind power and heating pump – an analysis
Pr. manager:
PSO:
Result:
ForskEL - 10304
120
Ea Energianalyse A/S · Mikael Togeby · tel.: +45 60 39 17 07
DKK 382,000
Completed 4th quarter 2009
Analyses and calculations – for instance the Balmorel model - show that short term marginal heat
generation costs are too high for heating pumps compared to alternative heat generation technologies in Århus; partly due to high electricity taxes and prices. Furthermore, electricity taxation supports
heating pumps directly connected to wind power, while a grid connection of both wind turbines and
heating pumps would be preferable from a socio-economic perspective. This would also enable the
heating pumps to deliver regulating power to the electricity system, which is expected to provide
important economic benefits to heating pump operation.
energy · RESEARCH · DEVELOPMENT · DEMONSTRATION · 2010
Fossil fuels
Total
25.8
6.0
8.9
4.9
30.8
18.6
0.0
9.2
21.3
0.0
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
0
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140
DCSR
ForskEL
ERP/EDDP
ATF
Advanced technologies
to boost North Sea oil extraction
The majority of reservoirs in the Danish North Sea oil fields are
thus increase reservoir flow capacity. The project study has shown
found in compact limestone structures with poor flow capacity. As
that organic matter in small quantities and with a highly complex
a result, operators in the Danish region have so far been able to
composition curbs crystal growth. The possibilities of removing or
extract only 20-25% of the existing oil quantities. For years, the
modifying these growth-inhibiting elements will be looked into
forecasts for future oil extraction prepared by the Danish Energy
in the near future. Mærsk Oil is participating in the project, whose
Agency have predicted dramatically declining production, with a
preliminary results have attracted international attention.
major negative impact on state revenue. Moreover, oil prices are set
to soar in the course of the coming decades as global demand from
Environmental consequences of carbon capture and storage
China and other big developing economies increases.
Even though politicians are yet to decide on storing CO2 sepa­­
rated from power station flue gases in the underground (so-called
Methods enhancing extraction
CCS technologies), there is considerable public interest in finding
This has stimulated interest in developing new advanced technologies in
an easily-comprehensible decision-making basis through better
the form of enhanced oil recovery (EOR) to boost the degree of extrac-
knowledge about the environmental consequences of underground
tion. Water and gas injection has been used to increase reservoir flow
carbon storage. GEUS has obtained funding from the Danish Council
cap­acity in Danish oil fields for many years, and older US onshore oil
for Strategic Research for a research alliance composed of a broad
fields have several years of experience in CO2 injection in the under-
range of recognised international research centres.
ground. DTU Chemical Engineering has worked on developing various
EOR methods for many years, and in recent years has, with the support
Numerical codes are used for generating model scenarios of how
of the Danish National Advanced Technology Foundation, researched
reservoirs respond to the injection of supercritical CO2, and poten-
into what happens when CO2 is injected into the limestone reservoirs
tial effects on groundwater pressure conditions and salt content are
in the reservoir rock and how injected CO2 mixes with the oil under the
assessed. Geophysical methods of measurement are also being de-
given pressure and temperature conditions. The research also aims at
veloped to demonstrate CO2 in different states in the underground.
determining whether CO2 can further displace oil from the limestone
The effect of any CO2 emissions on the chemical quality of the
once seawater has flown through the rock. A number of high-pressure
groundwater as a result of geochemical reactions with rock types is
tests have been completed, after which the mechanical properties of
studied in laboratory and field experiments.
the limestone were measured, followed by numerical model simulation.
Subsequently, the idea is to devise methods actively capable of
At the Nano-Science Center-KU, the Danish National Advanced Tech-
removing CO2 from the atmosphere, e.g. by studying the hypothesis
nology Foundation supports an entirely different method of extrac­
that groundwater can react with minerals, especially limestone and
ting a greater share of the oil from the limestone fields. The center
silicate minerals added to the soil and thus absorb greater quan­
uses nano technology to study the interaction between reservoir
tities of CO2. This concept will be studied in a range of field studies
particles and liquids in the form of water, oil and gases. The results
in areas where the soil contains no limestone. If the concept proves
desired are to acquire a better understanding of why limestone in the
sustainable, it will be possible to combine the removal of CO2 from
form of pure calcite does not recrystallise into bigger particles and
the atmosphere with optimum uses of areas.
energy · RESEARCH · DEVELOPMENT · DEMONSTRATION · 2010
121
Funded projects · Fossil fuels
Environmental technology for geological storage of carbon dioxide
Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland
Dieke Postma · dip@geus.dk
tel.: +45 38 14 27 84
Participants: IGG-KU, GI-AU, Risø DTU, GEO, Vattenfall Res.
& Dev. AB, Rambøll Danmark A/S, Lawrence
Berkeley Nat. Laboratory (USA), Heriot-Watt
University (Edinburgh/Scotland), ETH Zürich
(Switzerland), Jacob Gudbjerg, DTU
DKK 19,991,979
DCSR:
Total budget: DKK 28,200,000
Completion: 4th quarter 2013
Pr. manager:
Contact:
DCSR · 09-067234
This project will develop environmental tech­
nology contributing to the reduction of greenhouse gasses. Methods will be developed for
environmental monitoring of the geological
storage of CO2 in the underground, as well as
for the removal of CO2 from the atmosphere by
increasing the CO2 uptake into groundwater.
Projects in progress · Fossil fuels
122
Project no.
Project title
Project manager
Contact
Funding
Completion
2104-08-0027
Ionic liquids for CO2 capture
DTU Chemical
Engineering
Erling Stenby
ehs@kt.dtu.dk
tel.: +45 45 25 28 75
DKK
3,200,000
3rd quarter
2012
Project no.
Project title
Project manager
Contact
Funding
Completion
10089
Environmental optimisation
of natural gas CHP engines
Danish Gas
Technology Centre
Torben K. Jensen
tkj@dgc.dk
tel.: +45 45 16 96 60
DKK
2,452,000
2nd quarter
2010
10256
Advanced modeling of oxy-fuel
combustion of natural gas
Department of Energy Chungen Yin
Technology-AAU
chy@iet.aau.dk
tel.: +45 99 40 92 80
DKK
1,302,000
2nd quarter
2010
10057
PEMS
Weel & Sandvig
Energy and Process
Innovation
Jan Sandvig Nielsen
jsn@weel-sandvig.dk
tel.: +45 26 71 00 45
DKK
1,973,000
2nd quarter
2010
Project no.
Project title
Project manager
Contact
Funding
Completion
Nano-chalk – more oil from chalk
NanoScienceCenterKU
Susan Stipp
stipp@geol.ku.dk
tel.: +45 35 32 24 80
DKK
26,000,000
2011
Oil recovery through CO2 injection
DONG Energy
Charles Nielsen
chani@dongenergy.dk
tel.: +45 99 55 20 93
DKK
10,000,000
2010
energy · RESEARCH · DEVELOPMENT · DEMONSTRATION · 2010
Completed projects · Fossil fuels
Modelling of CO2 capture
Pr. manager:
DCSR:
Result:
CERE at DTU Chemical Engineering · Erling H. Stenby · tel.: +45 45 25 28 75
DKK 2,000,000
Completed 1st quarter 2010
The project produced innovative methods and software tools needed to simulate, validate and optimise carbon capture from, e.g., flue gas, concrete production or pharmaceutical fermentation. DTU,
DONG Energy and Vattenfall forged a close partnership and set up a joint communication platform,
so that new knowledge on carbon capture found in this project can be used directly in the industry’s
software packages. In this way, they can precisely estimate energy consumption and cost levels.
The project enabled the partnership to forge interrelations to national, European and international
partners.
DCSR · 2104-05-0063
New Methods for Removal of Soot and NOx
Pr. manager:
DCSR:
Result:
Fuel Cells and Solid State Chemistry Division at Risø DTU · Kent Kammer Hansen · tel.: +45 46 77 58 35
DKK 2,900,000
Completed 2nd quarter 2009
The project aimed at developing an electro-chemical reactor to remove soot and NOX from diesel
exhaust gases. The project produced porous cell stacks by applying tapecasting and lamination. It also
proved that such cell stacks can be used to remove NOX . The project further determined that more
development work is needed to enable the porous cell stacks to remove NOX in oxidising conditions.
Finally, the project determined that cell-stack porousness must be improved to prevent filter clogging
during operation.
DCSR · 2104-05-0067
Photo: Mærsk Oil
energy · RESEARCH · DEVELOPMENT · DEMONSTRATION · 2010
123
Solar energy
Total
9.4
0.7
23.8
15.9
21.0
29.5
32.2
43.7
57.8
12.8
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
0
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140
DCSR
ForskEL + ForskVE
ERP/EDDP
ATF
Danish plastic PV cells in the pipeline
as cheap mass-produced energy source
The Danish Council for Strategic Research has been supporting re-
The overall objective of the EDDP project is to industrialise and com-
search in plastic PV cells at Risø DTU since 2004. During the first five
mercialise plastic PV cells in a Danish context through design, man-
years, the project group succeeded in developing the technology in
ufacture and marketing. The project group holds knowledge about
terms of life and efficiency to a degree that puts the group at the
the fundamental technology and science of plastic PV cells, PV cell
international forefront. Thanks to accelerated life studies, the Solar
testing and design for industrial production and the print technique
Energy Programme has succeeded in estimating the life at several
paving the way for a low production price.
thousands of hours, and the electricity efficiency rate has increased
to 1.5%.
The technology needs to be consolidated in Denmark and de­
veloped globally so plastic PV cells can be used for niche products
Neither life nor efficiency seems directly convincing compared to
and small stand-alone equipment where plastic PV cells serve as
conventional silicon-based PV cells. However, the relationship be-
backup for other electricity sources or can replace them entirely.
tween price, performance and life means that plastic PV cells stand to
Faktor 3 adds technical knowledge about product design and plastic
be a commercial product within a very short period of time. The Pro-
PV cell integration, while Gaia Solar A/S will enclose and build big
gramme Commission on Sustainable Energy and Environment of the
solar panels based on plastic PV cell modules and subsequently
Danish Council for Strategic Research has allowed Risø researchers
demonstrate the potential of the technology for generating elec-
to optimise the interaction between performance, stability and
tricity for the grid. A specific sub-objective is to demonstrate the
process through a project funding grant from the 2007 funds. ForskEL
design, development and marketing potential of a range of PV cell-
has followed suit with a funding grant that has enabled the project
based lighting products for use in rural districts in Africa.
group to test its preliminary results against those of foreign research communities in a POLYMOL project.
Lighthouse projects
According to ForskVE, a key goal is to promote the use of conventional
Mass-produced plastic PV cells
grid-connected PV cells through a number of projects with a “beacon
Concurrently with the continued optimisation of the basic techno­
effect” that can attract the attention of and arouse an interest in ordi-
logy in the Danish Council for Strategic Research project, the Solar
nary consumers and public decision-makers. One current PV cell project
Energy Programme has taken the first few steps to set up indus-
from ForskVE is PhotoSkive, where 1.2 MWp PV cells are installed on
trial production, aimed at making the cheap and environmentally
local buildings, including a 230 kW system in one of the schools in the
friendly technology soon available in a range of commercial niche
local authority area of Skive. Even though this type of system is paid for
markets. With a funding grant of just under DKK 10 million, EDDP
according to the net settlement principle, this is not completely enough
has enabled Risø researchers and Mekoprint Electronics, Gaia Solar
to make this type of system competitive compared to the market price
and Faktor 3 to industrialise the production process and develop
of electricity if done exclusively with a general RE premium.
and demonstrate a number of niche products whose great flexibil-
124
ity and low production price of the plastic PV cells render them
This being the case, Energinet.dk aims through the Skive project
particularly attractive.
and another project – PV Island Bornholm – to inspire the electri­
energy · RESEARCH · DEVELOPMENT · DEMONSTRATION · 2010
city supply companies and local authorities to team up on projects
that provide local electricians with competences that can lead to
cheaper installation prices.
Among the many PV systems in Skive, this is on Skivehus Skole
(photo to the left).
The Standard House project aims at making standard house manu-
In Brædstrup, borehole storage systems were established to test
facturers interested in model houses with integrated PV cells that
a comprehensive concept combining solar energy, borehole storage
can be marketed to the ultra climate-conscious market segment. In
and heating pumps (photo to the right).
Photos: EnergiMidt
the harbour Nordhavn in Copenhagen, integrated PV cells are de-
is to be installed in the new town hall building in Viborg, and the
monstrated in an Utzon-designed building with thermo-active struc-
new EDDP funding grant paves the way for optimising the concept
tures to display outstanding architectonic solutions using PV cells.
under normal operating conditions.
Solar energy in combination with district heating
In one of its Danish-Chinese research projects, the Danish Council
Large solar energy systems have proved to be particularly suited
for Strategic Research has enabled the development of solar energy
for integration into low-temperature district heating systems, and,
systems for combined room and domestic water heating in single-
together with the district heating companies in Marstal and Dron-
family houses. The Danish-Chinese cooperation includes theoretical
ninglund, PlanEnergi has developed a concept with a pit heat stor-
simulations, laboratory experiments and practical testing.
age facility where the solar panel system is combined with big
heating pumps. The concept was developed in a phase one project
with EDDP means and has now been followed up with a large funding grant. This allows for large-scale demonstration of the concept
in Dronninglund where solar energy and heating pumps will cover
half the heating requirements of district heating consumers.
EDDP has also supported COWI’s concept optimisation with a combination of solar energy and district heating-operated adsorption heating pumps and underground storage system. The Green Light House
of the University of Copenhagen started applying the concept, which
energy · RESEARCH · DEVELOPMENT · DEMONSTRATION · 2010
125
Funded projects · Solar energy
Optimisation of solar space heating and water heating
combi systems applied in building
Pr. manager:
Contact:
Participants:
Cooperation with China
09-071597
DTU Civil Engineering
Simon Furbo · sf@byg.dtu.d
tel.: +45 45 25 18 57
Beijing Solar Energy Research Institute
DKK 3,965,378
DCSR:
Total budget: DKK 4,600,000
Completion: 4th quarter 2013
The project will be realised by Beijing Solar Energy
Research Institute Co. Ltd, China, and the Department of Civil Engineering, Technical University of
Denmark. Focus will be on solar combi systems
for single family houses. Solar collectors, heat
stores and complete solar heating systems will be
investigated theoretically in the laboratory and
experimentally in practice.
Boreholes in Brædstrup
PlanEnergi
Per Alex Sørensen · pas@planenergi.dk
tel.: +45 96 82 04 02
Participants: Aarsleff, GEO, VIA, Braedstrup District heating
Company, SOLITES
DKK 6,437,000
PSO:
Total budget: DKK 23,688,000
Completion: 1st quarter 2012
Pr. manager:
Contact:
ForskEL - 10496
The purpose of the project is to develop, design and
demonstrate a total concept involving solar heat,
borehole storage and heating pumps for electricity
regulation and up to 100% reduction of fossil fuel
use in natural gas-fired CHP plants. In the project, a
team covering the total chain from development to
end use will develop and demonstrate the concept.
Intelligent market mechanisms for no-subsidy PV
Pr. manager:
Contact:
Participants:
ForskVE - 10501
BlueLime
Jørn Bue Madsen · jbm@bluelime.dk
tel.: +45 22 26 50 10
Omada, EnergiFyn, Sunsil
DKK 1,439,600
PSO:
Total budget: DKK 6,717,000
Completion: 1st quarter 2012
The project will develop PV-optimised power
products for maximised economical yield of PV
generation. It will also describe how data from
electronic meters can be integrated into distribution and trading companies’ financial settlement
systems. The project will run for a year at approx.
20 newly established PV sites, aiming at a payback time of <20 years.
PV-CITIES-2012
Cenergia
Peder Vejsig Pedersen · pvp@cenergia.dk
tel.: +45 44 66 00 99
Participants: The Danish Technological Institute, Danish Solar
Cell Association, Solar City Copenhagen, Foreningen Bæredygtige Byer og Bygninger, PV cell
experts and architects, EnergiMidt
DKK 2,500,000
PSO:
Total budget: DKK 11,733,000
Completion: 1st quarter 2013
Pr. manager:
Contact:
ForskVE - 10504
In connection with agreed climate plans and lowenergy building implementation, the project proposes to realise best practice building integration
of PV systems in Danish towns. The project will in
total mount PV installations of 255 kWp or approx.
3,000 sq. metres primarily in Copenhagen, Aarhus,
Odense and Aalborg.
PV-Island Bornholm (PVIB)
EnergiMidt A/S
Carl Stephansen · cs@mail.dk · tel.: +45 76 58 11 48
Regional Authority of Bornholm, Østkraft A/S,
PA Energy, the Danish Technological Institute,
Solar City Copenhagen, the Energy Service
Bornholm/Danish Organisation for Sustainable
Energy (OVE), Danfoss Solar Inverters
DKK 9,000,000
PSO:
Total budget: DKK 27,525,000
Completion: 4th quarter 2012
Pr. manager:
Contact:
Participants:
ForskVE - 10560
126
energy · RESEARCH · DEVELOPMENT · DEMONSTRATION · 2010
The “PV Island Bornholm” (PVIB) project aims at
establishing 5 MWp PV on the island of Bornholm.
App. 1MWp of them will be installed during this
phase. PVIB will focus on demonstration and
further utilisation of PV and as such provide
unique facilities to test how PV as a fluctuating
energy source can be implemented in a future
intelligent power system.
Funded projects · Solar energy
Household PV plants for documentation, demonstration etc.
Pr. manager:
Contact:
The Nordic Folkecenter for Renewable Energy
Jane Kruse · jk@folkecenter.dk
DKK 325,000
PSO:
Total budget: DKK 434,000
Completion: 2nd quarter 2011
The immediate project purpose is to support an
accelerated expansion of PV plants in Denmark by
documenting and demonstrating two household
PV plants seen as a pioneering project and to promote and teach about such PV plants and about
general aspects of PV plants.
ForskVE - 10567
IEA Task 42, Compact Thermal Energy Storage: Material development
and System Integration, 2nd and 3rd years’ participation
Pr. manager:
Contact:
DTU Civil Engineering
Simon Furbo · sf@byg.dtu.dk
tel.: +45 45 25 18 57
DKK 1,866,000
EDDP:
Total budget: DKK 1,866,000
Completion: 1st quarter 2012
The project funds Danish participation in the
second and third years of IEA 42, part of the Solar
Heating and Cooling Programme. The purpose of
the IEA project is to develop and demonstrate a
compact seasonal heat storage facility based on
stable, supercooling salt hydrate, including a simulation model calculating temperature conditions
and storage facility output.
ENS-64009-0006
Solar and heat-driven adsorption heating pumps
COWI A/S. Energi
Reto M. Hummelshøj · rmh@cowi.dk
tel.: +45 45 97 27 66
Participants: VELUX Danmark A/S, the Danish University and
Property Agency (DUPA), Centre for Refrigeration and Heat Pump Technology at the Danish
Technological Institute, Hellerup Byg A/S, Local
Authority of Viborg ,SVEDAN Industri Køleanlæg
A/S, GeoHeat Ex Aps, University of Copenhagen
DKK 1,707,000
EDDP:
Total budget: DKK 3,698,000
Completion: 1st quarter 2012
Pr. manager:
Contact:
The objective of the project is to optimise and
mon­itor two ongoing and ground-breaking
projects demonstrating adsorption heating pumps
and underground storage systems at the Town
Hall of Viborg and the Green Light House of the
University of Copenhagen, respectively, and to
communicate the results so that they can be
utilised by the entire industry and support the
future market development.
ENS-64009-0040
SUNSTORE 3, Phase 2
Pr. manager:
Contact:
Participants:
PlanEnergi
Per Alex Sørensen · pas@planenergi.dk
tel.: +45 96 82 04 02
The Danish Technological Institute, NIRAS,
Marstal District Heating, Dronninglund District
Heating
DKK 12,042,000
EDDP:
Total budget: DKK 86,669,000
Completion: 1st quarter 2012
The project will demonstrate a full-scale pit heat
storage facility of 60,000 cubic metres combined
with a large in-field solar heating system of
35,000 square metres and 3 MW thermal heating
pumps. With its output of approx. 20,000 MWh
annually, this energy facility will be able to supply
the town of Dronninglund with 50% of its heating
requirements. This total energy concept is to be
compatible with all district heating systems.
ENS-64009-0043
In this first project phase, the consortium behind
the project will work towards industrialising and
commercialising plastic PV cells developed by Risø
DTU. Niche products, stand-alone equipment and
large solar panels will be developed and demonstrated in parallel with continued improvement of
the performance and lifetime of the PV cells.
ENS-64009-0050
Industrialisation of polymer PV cells
The Solar Energy Programme at Risø DTU
Frederik C. Krebs · frkr@risoe.dtu.dk
tel.: +45 46 77 47 99
Participants: Mekoprint Electronics A/S, Gaia Solar A/S,
Faktor 3
DKK 9,926,000
EDDP:
Total budget: DKK 18,051,000
Completion: 1st quarter 2012
Pr. manager:
Contact:
energy · RESEARCH · DEVELOPMENT · DEMONSTRATION · 2010
127
Funded projects · Solar energy
Testing of vertical geothermal heat with solar accumulation
Exportgruppen Helia Aps
Uffe Jonassen · uffe@scan-line.net
tel.: +45 98 12 93 90
Participants: Energi Nord A/S, Dansk Varmepumpe Industri A/S,
BATEC Solvarme A/S, Heta A/S,
K. Sørensen & Søn A/S
DKK 1,111,000
EDDP:
Total budget: DKK 2,222,000
Completion: 1st quarter 2011
Pr. manager:
Contact:
ENS-64009-0092
During the project, a concept will be developed and
tested in which surplus heat from over-dimensioned
solar heating systems and water chamber stoves is
to be stored in energy wells up to 100 metres deep
which will, by means of a heating pump, enable use
of the accumulated heat during the winter season. The
purpose of the test is to determine whether the concept can double the performance of heating pumps.
AC-Sun – solar powered air-condition facility
AC-Sun ApS
Gunnar Minds · gmi@ac-sun.com
tel.: +45 40 17 90 00
Participants: Ellehauge & Kildemoes ApS, Danfoss A/S, Local
Authority of Århus, Fraunhofer Institute ISE, Micro
& Macro Approach Sdn Bhd, Téchnicas de Energia
Ambiental S.L., General Solar Systems GmbH
DKK 4,100,000
EDDP:
Total budget: DKK 9,079,000
Completion: 1st quarter 2012
Pr. manager:
Contact:
ENS-64009-0223
A solar-powered AC-Sun system prototype will
be tested on 4-6 locations in Denmark and with
foreign partners so that the meter data can be
used for optimising the system end design. Estim­
ates show that the AC-Sun system can save up to
90% of the electricity consumption compared to a
conventional system, for instance by using water
as coolant.
Continued Danish participation in IEA-PVPS work
Pr. manager:
Contact:
Participants:
EnergiMidt A/S. VE og Rådgivning
Flemming V. Kristensen · fvk@energimidt.dk
tel.: +45 70 15 15 60
PA Energy A/S
DKK 1,814,000
EDDP:
Total budget: DKK 2,633,000
Completion: 2nd quarter 2013
ENS-64009-0226
The project funds continued Danish participation in
the cooperative IEA scheme in the field of PV cells, for
instance as a member of the Executive Committee.
In Task 1, Denmark will be heading a National Survey
Report; in Task 9, Danish experience from projects in
Africa, the Middle East and Asia will be presented and
in Task 14, experience from projects in Denmark will
be utilised, for instance the new PhotoSkive project.
Fully integrated solar collector for all roof products
Pr. manager:
Contact:
Participants:
Nordic Energy Group ApS
Niels Heidtmann · fl@nordicenergygroup.com
tel.: +45 50 77 04 50
JD Solutions, PlanEnergi, DTU Civil Engineering,
Erlus, Röben
DKK 2,861,000
EDDP:
Total budget: DKK 6,155,000
Completion: 1st quarter 2013
ENS-64009-0227
Danish participation in IEA-SHC Task 44: Systems using solar
thermal energy in combination with heating pumps
Danish Technological Institute.
Energy and Climate
Ivan Katic · ik@teknologisk.dk · tel.: +45 72 20 20 00
Contact:
Participants: Ellehauge & Kildemoes ApS, DTU Civil Engineer­
ing, Cenergia Energy Consultants, Nilan A/S,
Varmt vand fra solen ApS
DKK 865,000
EDDP:
Total budget: DKK 1,331,000
Completion: 1st quarter 2011
Pr. manager:
ENS-64009-0259
128
Nordic Energy Group’s patented profile-integrated
solar panels will be developed, tested and type approved, and 10 demonstration units for different roof
types will be established. The roof solar panel has
been technologically innovated so that the transmission layer covering the absorbing element follows
the roofing material, and the solar panel has a
forward-pointing element to dispense with covering.
energy · RESEARCH · DEVELOPMENT · DEMONSTRATION · 2010
The project funds Danish participation in a newly
initiated IEA cooperative scheme on combined systems,
solar power and heating pumps. The past years’ tech­
nological development in the fields of, for instance,
control engineering, vacuum-type collectors, motor and
compressor engineering has improved the price/performance ratio; the project endeavours to optimise the
ratio further by means of simple standard solutions.
Funded projects · Solar energy
Fourth year of Danish participation in
IEA SHC task 38 Solar Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration
Pr. manager:
Contact:
Participants:
Ellehauge & Kildemoes ApS
Klaus Ellehauge · klaus.ellehauge@elle-kilde.dk
tel.: +45 86 13 20 16
PlanEnergi, the Danish Technological Institute,
AC-Sun
DKK 322,000
EDDP:
Total budget: DKK 476,000
Completion: 1st quarter 2011
The project funds Danish participation in the IEA
cooperative scheme on solar-assisted cooling. The
AC-Sun system data will be computed using the
simulation program TRNSYS, measurements will be
performed on the absorption cooling system at Skive
Town Hall and Danish experience with adiabatic
cooling systems will be used to coordinate international activities in the field of heat rejection systems.
ENS-64009-0261
During the project, international experience with
large PV cell plants will be applied to Danish
conditions through a set of design proposals optimised for Danish conditions. Opportunities for and
challenges to practical realisation of these plants
will be analysed and the potential as regards
electricity generation and energy economics will
be identified.
ENS-64009-0263
Large-scale PV plants – also in Denmark
Pr. manager:
Contact:
Participants:
PA Energy
Peter Ahm · ahm@paenergy.dk
tel.: +45 86 93 33 33
SiCon
DKK 579,000
EDDP:
Total budget: DKK 772,000
Completion: 2nd quarter 2011
The sun to be efficiently exploited
SunFlake A/S
Martin Aagesen · martin.aagesen@sunflake.dk
tel.: +45 30 26 69 32
Participants: University of Copenhagen – the Nano-Science
Center at the Niels Bohr Institute
DKK 10,000,000
ATF:
Total budget: DKK 18,000,000
Completion: 3rd quarter 2012
Pr. manager:
Contact:
Each formed by a perfect semiconductor crystal,
known from the IT sector, billions of nanostructures (nanoflakes) will be used to develop a PV
cell capable of increasing the efficiency ratio from
the approx. 20% generated by conventional cells
to approx. 30%, thus reducing the price of PV
generated electricity.
Projects in progress · Solar energy
Project no.
Project title
Project manager
Contact
Funding
Completion
2104-07-0021
Solar/electric heating in the energy
system of the future
DTU Civil Engineering
Simon Furbo
sf@byg.dtu.dk
tel: +45 45 25 18 57
DKK
7,000,000
4th quarter
2011
2104-07-0022
Polymer solar cells
for solar energy conversion
Solar Energy
Programme
at Risø DTU
Frederik Christian Krebs
frkr@risoe.dtu.dk
tel: +45 47 77 47 99
DKK
15,000,000
4th quarter
2012
energy · RESEARCH · DEVELOPMENT · DEMONSTRATION · 2010
129
Projects in progress · Solar energy
Project no.
Project title
Project manager
Contact
Funding
Completion
5761
Cost-effective intelligent solar cells
'KIS'
RAcell Solar A/S
Yakov Safir
Safir@RAcell.dk
tel.: +45 33 25 96 40
DKK
2,447,798
2nd quarter
2010
5854
New control strategies and more
energy from PV applications in
buildings
Department of Energy Frede Blaabjerg
Technology-AAU
fbl@iet.aau.dk
tel.: +45 96 35 92 60
DKK
2,250,380
2nd quarter
2010
6291
Simplified integration of solar cells in
Gaia Solar A/S
window systems. Further development
and demonstration of joint solution
Dennis Aarø
da@gaiasolar.dk
tel.: +45 36 77 79 80
DKK
1,894,292
2nd quarter
2010
6389
Technical silicon for
high efficiency PV cells
RAcell Solar A/S
Yakov Safir
Safir@RAcell.dk
tel.: +45 33 25 96 40
DKK
7,000,000
2nd quarter
2010
7353
Customised PEC modules
Danish Technological
Institute
Jens Christiansen
jec@teknologisk.dk
tel.: +45 72 20 25 00
DKK
4,455,000
4th quarter
2010
7432
Effect optimised inverter
integrated solar cell module
SunSil A/S
Erik Hansen
eh@sunsil.dk
tel.: +45 73 83 14 20
DKK
10,367,000
2nd quarter
2010
10030
Thi-Fi-Tech
Danish Technological
Institute
Hanne Lauritzen
hanne.lauritsen@
teknologisk.dk
tel.: +45 72 20 20 00
DKK
6,458,000
1st quarter
2011
10044
PowerShades II
PhotoSolar ApS
Eik Bezzel
info@photosolar.dk
tel.: +45 72 14 48 50
DKK
7,500,000
2nd quarter
2010
10143
POLYMOL PolyStar
Solar Energy
Programme
at Risø DTU
Frederik C. Krebs
frkr@risoe.dtu.dk
tel.: +45 46 77 47 99
DKK
3,899,000
4th quarter
2011
ForskVE 10194
PhotoSkive
Local Authority
of Skive
Michael Petersen
sk@skivekommune.dk
tel.: +45 99 15 55 00
DKK
22,000,000
4th quarter
2011
10237
SunZinc
Roofing.dk ApS
Søren Juul Hansen
DKK
s.juhl.hansen@hotmail.com 2,048,000
tel.: +45 96 35 44 44
ForskVE 10257
Harbour House II
Wessberg A/S
Consulting Engineers
Helge Andersen
DKK 880,000 2nd quarter
2010
helgeandersen@wessberg.dk
tel.: +45 44 88 20 00
ForskVE 10259
Hvidovre Stadion – the sustainable
stadium concept
Danish Technological
Institute
Søren Poulsen
soren.poulsen@
teknologisk.dk
tel.: +45 72 20 20 00
DKK
2,147,500
4th quarter
2011
ForskVE 10278
Standard house manufacturing BIPV
Centre for New
Industrialisation at
Danish Technological
Institute
Anders Thomsen
anders.thomsen@
teknologisk.dk
tel.: +45 70 20 80 30
DKK
1,611,000
2nd quarter
2010
Project no.
Project title
Project manager
Contact
Funding
Completion
DBRI-AAU
Kjeld Johnsen
kjj@sbi.dk
tel: +45 99 40 23 87
DKK
1,625,000
4th quarter
2010
PV-shade
ENS1213/03-0002
130
2nd quarter
2010
ENS33030-0023
Optimisation of energy supply from solar Esbensen Consulting
PV systems – Operating Agent for IEA-SHC Engineers
Task 35: PV/Thermal solar systems
Henrik Sørensen
h.soerensen@esbensen.dk
tel: +45 33 26 73 00
DKK
1,966,000
2nd quarter
2010
ENS33032-0139
Solar energy and the new Danish
building regulations – phase 2
Jakob Klint, jk@kuben.dk
tel: +45 60 29 60 35
DKK
890,000
4th quarter
2010
ENS-330320151/ENS33033-0122
Solar heating and Architecture – Danish Esbensen Consulting
Guide
Engineers
Torben Esbensen
torben@esbensen.dk
tel: +45 73 42 31 00
DKK
900,000
4th quarter
2010
energy · RESEARCH · DEVELOPMENT · DEMONSTRATION · 2010
Kuben Byfornyelse
Projects in progress · Solar energy
Project no.
Project title
Project manager
Contact
Funding
Completion
ENS33033-0100
Solar City Copenhagen, phase 2
Kuben Byfornyelse
Jakob Klint
jk@kuben.dk
tel: +45 60 29 60 35
DKK
850,00
4th quarter
2010
ENS33033-0183
Second-year participation in IEA SHC
task 38 Solar Air-Conditioning and
Refrigeration
Ellehauge &
Kildemoes
Klaus Ellehauge
DKK
klaus.ellehauge@elle-kilde.dk 779,000
tel: +45 86 13 20 16
4th quarter
2010
ENS33033-0200
Continued participation in IEA PVPS
in 2008, 2009 and 2010
EnergiMidt
Erhverv A/S
Flemming V. Kristensen
info@energimidt.dk
tel: +45 70 15 15 60
DKK
1,227,500
2nd quarter
2010
ENS33033-0216
Energy savings for solar heating
systems, phase 2
DTU
Civil Engineering
Simon Furbo
sf@byg.dtu.dk
tel: +45 45 25 18 57
DKK
800,000
1st quarter
2011
ENS33033-0249
Prefabricated ecobuildings with
heating pumps and thermal solar
power, ecobuilding classes 1 and 2
Kuben Byfornyelse
Jakob Klint
jk@kuben.dk
tel: +45 60 29 60 35
DKK
895,000
4th quarter
2010
ENS63011-0084
Danish Solar Thermal Action Plan
– with an international perspective
Danish Federation of
Small and MediumSized Enterprises
Henrik Lilja
lilja@hvr.dk
tel: +45 33 93 20 00
DKK
594,000
2nd quarter
2010
ENS63011-0089
New cover solution for the pit heat
storage in Marstal
PlanEnergi
Per Alex Sørensen
pas@planenergi.dk
tel: +45 96 82 04 02
DKK
1,702,000
4th quarter
2010
ENS63011-0155
IEA Task 42 Compact Thermal Energy
Storage: Material Development and
System Integration
DTU
Civil Engineering
Simon Furbo
sf@byg.dtu.dk
tel: +45 45 25 18 57
DKK
798,000
1st quarter
2012
ENS63011-0157
Third-year Danish participation in
IEA SHC task 38 Solar Air-Conditioning
and Refrigeration
Ellehauge &
Kildemoes
Klaus Ellehauge
DKK
klaus.ellehauge@elle-kilde.dk 581,600
tel: +45 86 13 20 16
1st quarter
2011
ENS63011-0171
Solar Energy + Architecture
Esbensen Consulting
Engineers
Torben Esbensen
torben@esbensen.dk
tel: +45 73 42 31 00
DKK
1,685,000
4th quarter
2011
ENS63011-0178
SUNSTORE 3
PlanEnergi
Per Alex Sørensen
pas@planenergi.dk
tel: +45 96 82 04 02
DKK
1,104,500
3rd quarter
2010
Completed projects · Solar energy
Stable polymer photovoltaic materials
Pr. manager:
DCSR:
Result:
Solar Energy Programme at Risø DTU · Frederik Christian Krebs · tel.: +45 46 77 47 99
DKK 3,063,200
Completed 4th quarter 2009
During training of two research students, the project developed new thermocleavable polymer
materials for PV cells with a narrow optical band gap, allowing simple production of multilayer structures such as tandem PV cells. The materials were developed with a view to processability and durability. One of the materials is as stable in a 100% oxygen atmosphere as in a 100% nitrogen (inert)
atmosphere under full lighting. Energy conversion efficiencies of up to 1.5% for stable, pro­cessable
mate­rials were achieved with estimated durabilities of thousands of hours based on accelerated life
studies.
DCSR · 2104-05-0052
energy · RESEARCH · DEVELOPMENT · DEMONSTRATION · 2010
131
Completed projects · Solar energy
SOL-2000, Part A
Pr. manager:
PSO:
Result:
ForskEL · 3109
EnergiMidt A/S · Flemming Kristensen · tel.: +45 76 58 11 00
DKK 4,375,000
Completed 3rd quarter 2009
The main results from Sol 2000 are: - Added-value. The project established that installation of a PV
plant typically generates electricity savings of 12-18% due to changed attitudes. - Characterisation of PV
buyers. The main barriers for increased utilisation of PV concern economic feasibility and lack of information. - Promotion of dialogue in the sector. Creation of the Danish Solar Cell Association. - Statistical data.
Available data and collection schemes regarding installed PV plants were analysed and suggestions
were made for improved routines. - Testing High Concentration PV. The potential for HCPV in Denmark
proved to be limited.
Transformerless photovoltaic inverters
Pr. manager:
PSO:
Result:
ForskEL · 5780
PowerLynx A/S · Uffe Borup · tel.: +45 73 67 57 60
DKK 4,120,000
Completed 1st quarter 2010
The project is a research activity aiming to create new technology, reduce specific costs and improve
efficiency. The project specifies an inverter concept, which forms the basis for developing commercial
products. The project itself is not commercial but the technology developed will facilitate development of highly attractive products in terms of efficiency, reliability and costs. Cost reductions will be in
the inverter itself, but installation costs in the system will also be highly affected by the inverter.
PV Danmark
Pr. manager:
PSO:
Result:
ForskEL · 6308
EnergiMidt A/S · Flemming Kristensen · tel.: +45 76 58 11 00
DKK 2,130,000
Completed 2nd quarter 2010
Three main fields were studied: 1. Do It Yourself plants 2. Collectively-owned plants 3. Architecturally­
adapted plants Re1: Limited interest in DIY plants. If the use of DIY is to be extended, inverters from
small PV plants must be allowed to be connected directly to a power outlet as is the case in Holland.
Re2: A collectively-owned plant was established, but the interest in buying shares was limited, most
likely because current legislation makes it financially unfeasible. Re3: It was shown how certain
module geometries would fit on the roofs of a typical Danish house.
Stability and sealing PEC
Pr. manager:
PSO:
Result:
Danish Technological Institute. PEC Group · Hanne Lauritzen · tel.: +45 72 20 25 00
DKK 3,298,430
Completed 1st quarter 2009
The project developed a new edge sealing for the DSC cell. Made from inert polymer, the sealing is
mounted as laminate in controlled conditions. Laboratory experiments and cell exposure to accelerating conditions document that the sealing remains stable in contact with the aggressive iodine/
triiodide electrolyte.
ForskEL · 6352
Optimised solar heat production in the electricity market
Pr. manager:
PSO:
Result:
ForskEL · 6369
132
PlanEnergi · Per Alex Sørensen · tel.: +45 96 82 04 00
DKK 3,622,000
Completed 3rd quarter 2009
The project demonstrates for the first time a combination between CHP and solar power systems.
8,019 m2 solar collectors producing 8% of the annual consumption in Brædstrup and nearly the total
consumption on a good summer day were combined with a natural gas-fired CHP plant. An optimised
ARCON HT2006 collector was developed for this purpose, and the control system was designed to
ensure that supply-pipe temperature from solar collectors is always as low as possible and that the
temperature in the existing water storage tank does not drop below 90°C.
energy · RESEARCH · DEVELOPMENT · DEMONSTRATION · 2010
Completed projects · Solar energy
Harbour of Strandby on solar cooling
Pr. manager:
PSO:
Result:
Strandby Fiskerihavn I/S · Flemming Sørensen · tel.: +45 98481360
DKK 3,691,000
Completed 2nd quarter 2010
The concept of combining solar power, absorption cooling and natural gas-fired small-scale CHP in
Strandby met expectations and could be replicated in other CHP plants. However, it is important to
note that if major constructual modifications in the flue gas condensation system in the boiler or
engine are required, the operating hours must not be reduced significantly in the amortisation period
for the conversion.
ForskEL · 6748
SolarProTeam
Pr. manager:
PSO:
Result:
RAcell Solar A/S · Yakov Safir · tel.: +45 33 25 96 40
DKK 2,000,000
Completed 1st quarter 2010
1. Several new innovative multifunctional module types were designed and a few modules tested. A
connection with cost-effective special cells was established. 2. New power supply systems have been
developed to suit the multifunctional special modules. 3. Principles were developed for new types
of production equipment and a new type of module production plant, which can produce complex
modules at the same price as standard modules.
ForskEL · 7484
Towards a carbon-neutral urban environment – cutting the wire
Pr. manager:
PSO:
Result:
FAKTOR 3 ApS · Barbara Bentzen · tel.: +45 88 20 02 20
DKK 1,049,000
Completed 2nd quarter 2010
The project generated important knowledge about practical light measurements, but also an awareness of the need to characterise light and PV cells with varying spectral light distribution. To address
this, the project developed a light logger unit capable of measuring the spectral distribution of visible
light as well as total irradiation. The production price is estimated to be less than DKK 1,000. Furthermore, a test facility (test area 20 cm x 20 cm) to characterise PV cells exposed to light with varying
spectral distribution for irradiation 0-200 W/m2 was constructed. This setup is modular, and easily
upscaled.
ForskEL · 10113
PV cells and architecture, English publication
Pr. manager:
ERP:
Result:
Kuben Byfornyelse · Jakob Klint · tel.: +45 60 29 60 35
DKK 90,000
Not completed
The project was abandoned due to difficulties finding an alternative US publisher when the first
business partner could not complete the task.
ENS-33029-0017
Energy savings for solar heating systems – phase 1
Pr. manager:
ERP:
Result:
DTU Civil Engineering · Simon Furbo · tel.: +45 45 25 18 57
DKK 700,000 Completed 2nd quarter 2009
In the autumn of 2007, three small solar energy systems were established at the test facility of DTU
Civil Engineering. The systems were installed by the manufacturers and tested in 2008 under uniform
conditions. None of the systems equalled the best systems in the market because of unsuitable
construction details. The test may inspire the manufacturers to improve their systems and established
a good basis for the manufacturers’ efforts to improve their solar energy systems. Contact was established between solar energy fitters and a number of house owners interested in solar energy systems.
Energy savings for these solar energy systems will be determined in ERP project ENS-33033-0216.
ENS-33033-0046
energy · RESEARCH · DEVELOPMENT · DEMONSTRATION · 2010
133
Completed projects · Solar energy
Optimisation of design of grid-connected PV systems under Danish conditions
(PV-OPT)
Pr. manager:
ERP:
Result:
ENS-33033-0057
PA Energy A/S · Peter Ahm · tel.: +45 86 93 33 33
DKK 867,000 2nd quarter 2009
The project collected key data for typical Danish, grid-connected PV systems in operation and the data
were analysed to identify Danish key design parameters and compare these with similar experience
gained outside Denmark. Finally, recommendations were prepared for use of such parameters for
optimum design of Danish grid-connected PV systems. The aim is to ensure better total economy for
future grid-connected PV systems in Denmark. In June 2009, public consultation was conducted at the
Danish Technological Institute in Taastrup. The project report can be downloaded free of charge from:
www.solenergi.dk.
1st Class Housing Renovation. From today and towards Low-Energy Class 1. Development and preparation of demo project plus participation
in IEA SHC Task 37
Pr. manager:
ERP:
Result:
ENS-33033-0092
Esbensen Rådgivende Ingeniører · Olaf Bruun Jørgensen · tel.: +45 33 26 76 30
DKK 653,000 Completed 1st quarter 2010
Two demonstration projects were carried out in a residential housing complex in Albertslund local
authority area. Through post-insulation of roof and light facades, mechanical ventilation with heat recovery, new doors and three-layer low-energy panes and solar energy systems for hot domestic water
and floor heating, two atrium houses reduced their annual energy consumption by about 75% from
163.5 kWh/m2 to about 40 kWh/m2, which is significantly lower than low-energy class 1. A large
multi-­storey building achieved savings of 14% because the roof had already been post-insulated.
The concept is further demonstrated in an EDDP project (ENS-64009-0033).
Educational practice on PV usage and technology, phase 3
Pr. manager:
ERP:
Result:
ENS-33033-0174
EnergiMidt Erhverv A/S · Kenn H. B. Frederiksen · tel.: +45 70 15 15 60
DKK 1,380,000 Completed 4th quarter 2009
The project concentrated on mapping the available study programmes, methods and aids on PV cells.
The project further developed specific training offers – inspired by the initiatives launched by the School
Energy Forum – for other educational levels but adapted to the specific area and level. Experience shows
that study material must embrace more than just PV cells. The material should also be related to the competences of the individual technical area, such as architecture, building technology and design/detailing.
The material should also use contextualisation.
Photovoltaics integrated into an industrialised building process, Phase 2 (SOL-IND)
Pr. manager:
ERP:
Result:
ENS-33033-0279
EnergiMidt Erhverv A/S · Kenn H.B. Frederiksen · tel.: +45 70 15 15 60
DKK 590,000
Not completed
The project could not be completed according to the original plan as, due to the financial crisis,
the project industrial partner did not want to invest in product development within the project time
frame.
Lifetime for solar collectors for solar heating plants
Pr. manager:
EDDP:
Result:
ENS-63011-0032
134
DTU Civil Engineering · Simon Furbo · tel.: +45 45 25 18 57
DKK 190,000 Completed 4th quarter 2009
Solar collectors used at high temperatures in the solar heating facilities in Ottrupgård and Marstal for 15
and 13 years, respectively, were tested with regard to efficiency and inspected to determine any ageing.
Measurements showed that the solar collector efficiency had decreased since the installation, increasing
with the operating temperatures. The main reason for the output reduction is the condition and
stretching of the teflon foil. Corrosion was not found significantly progressed and the lifetime of the solar
collectors is estimated at about 30 years. On the basis of the tests, the project therefore concluded that
the largest problem of the HT solar collector concerns the teflon foil and the stretching of the teflon foil.
energy · RESEARCH · DEVELOPMENT · DEMONSTRATION · 2010
Wind power
Total
25.9
21.9
8.6
48.2
38.8
18.8
54.4
86.6
137.1
9.7
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
0
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140
DCSR
ForskEL
ERP/EDDP
ATF
New research centres to maintain
industry competitiveness
With two big research centres, the Danish Council for Strategic
timising the design of wind turbine blades and entire wind farms,
Research’s Programme Commission on Sustainable Energy and
and Denmark’s edge in research in this area is an important reason
Environment has given the Danish wind turbine industry new
why blades have remained a core competence in the Danish wind
possibilities for maintaining its international competitiveness.
turbine industry.
The two new centres are being established in recognition of the
fact that an increasingly bigger share of future wind energy expansion in northern Europe will be offshore with ever bigger
The Materials Research Division at Risø DTU has put many years’
wind turbines.
research into finding new fibre composites for wind turbine blades
and determining how damage to blades develops. The division has
Making these wind turbines more competitive in comparison to
large test facilities (photo), and other research communities at DTU
other forms of electricity generation poses a challenge to the in-
are involved in the research activities, while the industry is involved
dustry, and focus must be put on making wind turbines more pro-
through blade manufacturers and fibre composites suppliers.
ductive and lowering operating costs by developing more durable
components requiring less maintenance and having longer lives.
Blades – a Danish core competence
The research activities undertaken by both new centres will impact
greatly on Danish competences in blade design and design of entire
wind farms. Blades are a key component of wind turbines and are
essential in optimising their productivity and operating economy.
The new research centres are grounded in the strongest Danish research communities in wind turbine materials and aerodynamics,
respectively. The centres can continue the years-long research previously based on short-term project funding grants, mainly from the
ERP programme. Now, the centres can plan their activities seven or
eight years into the future.
DTU Mechanical Engineering will be charged with project management for the aerodynamic research centre, and activities will be
completed in close cooperation with the other key partner of the
centre, the Wind Energy Division at Risø DTU. The two communities have jointly accumulated some of the strongest aerodynamics
competences in the world. These competences are a must for op-
Photo: Risø DTU
energy · RESEARCH · DEVELOPMENT · DEMONSTRATION · 2010
135
Wind power
A key task for the research centre will be to improve the under-
Some centre researchers will be involved in more short-term and
standing of and insight into the interrelations between aerody-
practical tasks, funded by the centre’s enterprises, while the aca-
namic loads, atmospheric turbulence and wind turbine energy gen-
demic PhDs will be tackling more fundamental and long-term
eration. This process is guided by close interaction between small
challenges. However, both types of activities will benefit the in-
fluctuations in the blades’ boundary layer, via the wake of the wind
dustry.
turbines to large-scale turbulence in the atmosphere, but the existing models have not been able to describe this process with suf-
The operating economy of offshore wind farms depends on the du-
ficient accuracy.
rability of wind turbine blades as servicing wind turbines located
30-50 km from the coast is complicated and expensive. As far as
Optimisation at all scale levels
possible, future blades should be equipped with sensors to detect
The Materials Research Division at Risø DTU, which is the project
damage. The research centre intends to develop models capable of
manager at the other new centre, has been researching in new
predicting the development of different types of damage at differ-
fibre composites for many years, attempting to establish why dam-
ent length scales so the most critically developing damage can be
age occurs and develops in these new materials. In the light of the
identified. In this way, blade manufacturers will have the tools to
challenges facing the industry in the course of the coming years,
assess the effect of production defects, and operators will be bet-
coherent initiatives are now called for to acquire more fundamental
ter able to service the wind turbines when necessary and thus to
knowledge about how and why blades are damaged and how such
reduce operating costs considerably.
damage develops.
The research centre will work on optimisation at all scale levels
and gather the best competences in Denmark in fibre composites,
from nanometre and micrometre scale to structural design in full
With offshore wind farms at locations like Paludans Flak, Samsø,
blade length, i.e. up to 60-70 metres. Damage occurs at fibre/ma-
Denmark has specialised in offshore wind turbines for many years,
trix level and does not in itself have to be critical, but as long as no
but Great Britain has overtaken Denmark in terms of offshore capa-
methods exist for predicting which damage is at risk of developing
city. The new research centres are to retain Danish manufacturers’
to an unstable level, giving priority to preventive measures is dif-
positions as leading suppliers for offshore wind farms, even though
ficult. More fundamental knowledge of the three components in
most offshore expansion in the coming decades will occur outside
fibre composite materials – fibre, matrix and boundary layer – will
Denmark.
help remedy this.
Photo: Samsø Energiakademi
136
energy · RESEARCH · DEVELOPMENT · DEMONSTRATION · 2010
Photo: Lars Grunwald / Siemens Windpower
Potential in LIDAR wind anemometer
A Danish-based wind turbine manufacturer became a supplier for
The Danish National Advanced Technology Foundation has launched
Sweden’s first large offshore wind farm in Øresund at Lillgrund, with
two new projects that will impact greatly on wind turbine produc-
the contract going to Siemens Windpower. The photo was taken
tivity and operating economy. In one project, the Wind Energy
during construction of the wind farm.
Division at Risø DTU will base its work on the first successful experiments using a laser-based wind anemometer – known as LIDAR
– by manufacturing and testing wind scanners and anemometers
designing and manufacturing a new blade with new structural solu-
built into the nacelle and blade. The project group is of the opinion
tions based on an enhanced understanding of how imperfections
that optimum use of the LIDAR properties can boost wind turbine
are formed and develop.
production by up to 5%. The second project designs multi-function
surfaces for use in a gearbox, which is being tested to establish
ForskEL has given priority to two projects, one to improve the de-
whether this technology can significantly extend the life of this
sign methods for wave loads on offshore wind turbines and one
critical key component.
to examine, model and verify the basic mechanisms behind the
increased load on wind turbines in wind farms compared to the
From the 2009 funds, EDDP has lent support to a host of projects
load on free-standing wind turbines. The latter project focuses on
that together will also contribute strongly to maintaining Danish
tower, foundation and yawing loads based on measurements from
research communities’ competences. EDDP also contributes to the
the Rødsand II offshore wind farm.
use of LIDAR with a project in which the measuring procedures are
tested in Høvsøre and demonstrated at an offshore wind turbine.
Another EDDP project will use modern process simulation tools for
energy · RESEARCH · DEVELOPMENT · DEMONSTRATION · 2010
137
Funded projects · Wind power
Danish Centre for Composite Structures and Materials for Wind Turbines
Materials Research Division at Risø DTU
Bent F. Sørensen · bsqr@risoe.dtu.dk
tel. +45 46 77 58 06
Participants: AAU, DTU, Siemens Wind Power A/S, Fiberline
Composites A/S, Bach Composite Industry A/S,
LM Wind Power
DKK 38,000,000
DCSR:
Total budget: DKK 79,600,000
Completion: 1st quarter 2017
Pr. manager:
Contact:
DCSR · 09-067212
Centre for Computational Wind Turbine Aerodynamics
and Atmospheric Turbulence
Pr. manager:
Contact:
Participants:
DCSR · 09-067216
What causes cracks and damage on different
length scales to become major cracks and damage
which may develop into fractures in e.g. the blade
of a wind turbine? DCCSM tests this aspect through
development of new experimental and calcula­
tion-related methods on all length scales, i.e. from
nano/micro scale to decameter scale. The aim is
to optimise strength on all length scales.
DTU Mechanical Engineering
Jens Nørkær Sørensen · jns@mek.dtu.dk
tel. +45 45 25 43 14
Wind Energy Division at Risø DTU
DKK 32,035,199
DCSR:
Total budget: DKK 48,000,000
Completion: 4th quarter 2015
The Centre conducts basic research in wind turbine
aerodynamics and wind turbulence with emphasis
on their interaction. The aim is to develop reliable
and verified simulation tools for design and ana­
ly­sis of wind turbines and wind farms in different
terrain types.
Dynamic wind turbine model – from wind to grid
Pr. manager:
Contact:
Participants:
Cooperation with China
09-071588
Department of Energy Technology-AAU
Zhe Chen · zch@iet.aau.dk · tel. +45 99 40 92 55
DTU Mechanical Engineering, Wind Energy
Division at Risø DTU, Beijing Jiaotong University,
Changzhou Railcar Propulsion Engineering
Research Center, Zhong Neng Power-Tech
Co. Ltd., XEMC Windpower Co. Ltd.
DKK 5,213,879
DCSR:
Total budget: DKK 7,000,000
Completion: 3rd quarter 2013
The project develops a simulation platform,
includ­ing wind, wind turbine main components
and power grid. The platform will enable the
study of wind turbine performance, and will support key components and controllers design for
performance optimisation, such as turbine metal
fatigue, mechanical stress, low voltage operation,
power generation and voltage quality.
Integrated wind power planning tool
Pr. manager:
Contact:
Participants:
ForskEL - 10464
Wind Energy Division at Risø DTU
Poul Sørensen · posq@risoe.dtu.dk
tel: +45 46 77 50 75
DTU Informatics
DKK 2,300,000
PSO:
Total budget: DKK 4,594,000
Completion: 3rd quarter 2012
The purpose of the project is to improve and
validate newly developed models for simulation
and prediction of wind power fluctuations, by
integrating the models with meteorological tools
for wind resource assessment and output of mesoscale numerical weather prediction models.
Wave loads on offshore wind turbines
Pr. manager:
Contact:
Participants:
ForskEL - 10495
138
DTU Mechanical Engineering
Henrik Bredmose · hbr@mek.dtu.dk
tel: +45 45 25 43 15
Risø DTU, DHI
DKK 5,245,500
PSO:
Total budget: DKK 10,491,000
Completion: 2nd quarter 20
energy · RESEARCH · DEVELOPMENT · DEMONSTRATION · 2010
The project deals with improved design methods
for wave loads on offshore wind turbines at
depths exceeding 15 metres and the aeroelastic
response. This is achieved through enhanced utilisation of metocean data, CFD modelling of wavestructure interaction for extreme wave impact to
foundations, coupling with aeroelastic models and
validation by physical model experiments.
Funded projects · Wind power
Wake-affected offshore tower and foundation loads
Pr. manager:
Contact:
Participants:
Wind Energy Division at Risø DTU
Gunner Chr. Larsen · gula@risoe.dtu.dk
tlf: +45 46 77 50 56
Grontmij-CarlBro, E.ON Vind Sverige AB
DKK 2,202,000
PSO:
Total budget: DKK 5,404,000
Completion: 1st quarter 2012
The objective of this project is, on the basis of straingauge measurements on six turbine towers in the
Rødsand 2 wind farm, to identify, model and verify
the basic mechanisms of increased loading experienced by turbines operating in wind farm conditions
as compared with solitary wind turbines subjected to
an identical ambient wind climate. Specific focus will
rest on loads on tower, foundation and yawing.
ForskEL - 10546
Demonstration of new blade design using manufacturing process simulation
Pr. manager:
Contact:
Participants:
Wind Energy Division at Risø DTU
Find Mølholt Jensen · fimj@risoe.dtu.dk
tel: +45 46 77 50 54
DTU Mechanical Engineering,
SSP Technology A/S, Marström Composite AB
DKK 4,447,309
EDDP:
Total budget: DKK 11,453,000
Completion: 3rd quarter 2011
By means of advanced process simulation tools,
the project will increase understanding of how
imperfections arise and develop and will design
and manufacture a new blade incorporating
the new structural solutions. The project will be
concluded with a full-scale test to demonstrate
blade strength.
ENS-64009-0094
International network for analysis of power systems
with a large share of wind power
Pr. manager:
Contact:
System Analysis Division at Risø DTU
Peter Meibom · peme@risoe.dtu.dk
tlf: +45 46 77 51 19
Participants:
DKK 252,000
EDDP:
Total budget: DKK 252,000
Completion: 1st quarter 2012
The project funds Danish participation in phase
two of IEA Wind Annex 25 focusing on large-scale
wind energy integration. It analyses international
experience and prepares a handbook of methods
for wind integration studies. The project also prepares overviews of the impacts and costs of wind
power and the value of technologies and sets up
planning methods for electricity system operation.
ENS-64009-0100
Improvement of wind farm performance by means of spinner anemometry
Pr. manager:
Contact:
Participants:
Wind Energy Division at Risø DTU
Troels Friis Pedersen · trpe@risoe.dtu.dk
tel: +45 46 77 50 42
Metek GmbH, Vestas Wind Systems,
Vattenfall A/S
DKK 2,321,000
EDDP:
Total budget: DKK 2,321,000
Completion: 4th quarter 2011
The project will pave the way for commercialising
an innovative concept, the spinner anemometer,
developed by Risø DTU to determine wind turbine
yaw errors with high accuracy. This will be done
by demonstrating how spinner anemometers
mounted on wind turbines in an existing wind
farm can improve energy production by 1-3%.
ENS-64009-0103
DANAERO MW II: Influence of atmospheric and wake turbulence
on MW turbine performance, loading and stability
Pr. manager:
Contact:
Participants:
Wind Energy Division at Risø DTU
Christian Bak · chba@risoe.dtu.dk
tel: +45 46 77 50 91
LM Wind Power, Vestas Wind Systems A/S,
Siemens Wind Power A/S
DKK 3,918,000
EDDP:
Total budget: DKK 6,134,000
Completion: 1st quarter 2012
The project will analyse the raw data harvested
from a 2.3 MW wind turbine in the DANAERO MW
experiment financed by ERP2007. The analysis is
to throw light on the impact of atmospheric turbulence and wake turbulence on performance, load
and stability of MW wind turbines and thus reach
a new milestone in the fields of aerodynamics and
aeroelasticity.
ENS-64009-0258
energy · RESEARCH · DEVELOPMENT · DEMONSTRATION · 2010
139
Funded projects · Wind power
Development of a measurement technology for low-noise airfoil design
and validation
Wind Energy Division at Risø DTU
Franck Bertagnolio · frba@risoe.dtu.dk
tel: +45 46 77 50 88
Participants: DTU Mechanical Engineering, LM Wind Power,
Brüel & Kjær
DKK 4,300,000
EDDP:
Total budget: DKK 6,333,000
Completion: 1st quarter 2012
Pr. manager:
Contact:
ENS-64009-0272
A method will be developed for blade profile noise
measurement in an industrial wind tunnel to enable
engineer noise models to be validated by means of this
method. Against this backdrop, a design complex for
low-noise wind turbine blades will be created so that
new blade designs and concepts can be tested in a wind
tunnel before industrial production of blades initiates.
Nacelle-based LIDAR for performance verification
Pr. manager:
Contact:
Participants:
Wind Energy Division at Risø DTU
Troels Friis Pedersen · trpe@risoe.dtu.dk
tel.: +45 46 77 50 42
Siemens Wind Power A/S, DONG Energy,
Leosphere SAS
DKK 2,852,000
EDDP:
Total budget: DKK 6,140,000
Completion: 1st quarter 2012
ENS-64009-0273
A LIDAR technology based on nacelles will be
developed and the new measuring procedures
tested on a wind turbine from Høvsøre Test
Station in connection with a meteorological tower
and ground-based LIDAR; the procedures will also
be demonstrated on an offshore wind turbine
and the results compared with standard power
performance verification.
Optimisation of vortex generators on wind turbine blades
DTU Mechanical Engineering
Martin O.L. Hansen · info@mek.dtu.dk
tel: +45 45 25 19 60
Participants: Wind Energy Division at Risø DTU,
LM Wind Power
DKK 3,825,000
EDDP:
Total budget: DKK 5,686,000
Completion: 2nd quarter 2013
Pr. manager:
Contact:
ENS-64009-0279
One aim of the project is to develop a model for
describing geometry impact and vortex generator
placement on the flow past a wind turbine blade.
The model will be based on wind turbine tests
and CFD, the aim being optimum configuration.
The result will be validated on a blade profile in
the wind tunnel at LM Wind Power.
Sub-surface failure detection in wind turbine gearboxes
Vestas Wind Systems A/S. Global Research,
Mechanical Systems
Christian Højerslev · vestas@vestas.com
Contact:
tel: +45 97 30 00 00
Participants: Vattenfall A/S, Materials Research Division
at Risø DTU
DKK 1,904,000
EDDP:
Total budget: DKK 3,982,000
Completion: 2nd quarter 2012
Pr. manager:
ENS-64009-0280
A technology will be developed for detection of
otherwise non-detectable sub-surface defects in
wind turbine gearbox bearings to ensure more
reliable operation and prolonged lifetime. The
new technology renders possible up-tower re­
maining life assessments and thus prevention of
cost-intensive damage, and saves large amounts
of money on repairs and replacements.
Test facility for grid connection characteristics of wind power plants
Wind Energy Division at Risø DTU
Poul Sørensen · posq@risoe.dtu.dk
tel: +45 46 77 50 75
Participants: DTU Electrical Engineering, Department of Energy
Technology-AAU, Siemens Wind Power A/S,
Vestas Wind Systems A/S, Suzlon Energy A/S,
Gamesa Wind Engineering A/S, DONG Energy
A/S, Vattenfall A/S, ABB A/S, Siemens A/S
DKK 1,025,000
EDDP:
Total budget: DKK 2,357,000
Completion: 2nd quarter 2011
Pr. manager:
Contact:
ENS-64009-0281
140
energy · RESEARCH · DEVELOPMENT · DEMONSTRATION · 2010
This project covers phase one of an advanced test
facility development for new grid connection solutions for wind power plants enabling the industry
to validate its properties. The project will specify
requirements, examine possible technical, financial and organisational solutions and complete
tender documents for the actual test facility.
Funded projects · Wind power
Intelligent wind turbines make better use of the wind
Pr. manager:
Contact:
Participants:
Wind Energy Division at Risø DTU
Torben Mikkelsen · tomi@risoe.dtu.dk
tel: +45 41 31 57 09
LM Wind Power, NKT Photonics A/S
On the basis of the first successful LIDAR test, i.e.
laser-based wind gauges, wind scanners and wind
gauges incorporated into the nacelle and blades
are to be produced and tested during the project.
The ability of LIDAR to measure wind fields
in front of wind turbines will be estimated to
increase electricity generation by 5% and improve
blade lifetime.
DKK 12,500,000
ATF:
Total budget: DKK 25,000,000
Completion: 1st quarter 2013
Manufacture and characterisation of industrial multifunctional surfaces
Pr. manager:
Contact:
Participants:
Image Metrology A/S
Anders Kühle · ak@imagemet.com
tel: +45 46 92 34 07
STRECON A/S, Vestas Wind Systems A/S,
DTU Mechanical Engineering
During the project, image-editing software will
be developed to calculate functional parameters
reflecting various coexisting surface properties.
The multifunctional surfaces will be designed
and tested for use in a wind turbine gearbox to
demonstrate the potential for prolonged lifetime
for this critical key component.
DKK 7,600,000
ATF:
Total budget: DKK 14,000,000
Completion: 1st quarter 2014
Projects in progress · Wind power
Project no.
Project title
Project manager
Contact
Funding
Completion
2104-05-0028
Sustainable resource utilisation of
marine habitats for wind farms
National Environmental Research
Institute-AU
Torkel Gissel Nielsen
tgn@dmu.dk
tel: +45 46 30 12 57
DKK
4,996,379
2nd quarter
2010
2104-05-0075
Probabilistic design of wind turbines
Department of Civil
Engineering-AAU
John Dalsgaard Sørensen
jds@civil.aau.dk
tel: +45 99 40 85 81
DKK
2,000,000
3rd quarter
2010
2104-05-0076
Wind profiles and forests
Wind Energy Division
at Risø DTU
Jakob Mann
jmsq@risoe.dtu.dk
tel: +45 46 77 50 19
DKK
2,500,000
3rd quarter
2010
2104-07-0010
Seabed wind farm interaction
DTU Mechanical
Engineering
Mutlu Sumer
bms@mek.dtu.dk
tel: +45 45 25 14 23
DKK
9,400,000
4th quarter
2011
2104-07-0018
Concurrent aero-servo-elastic analysis
and design of wind turbines
Wind Energy Division
at Risø DTU
Morten Hartvig Hansen
mhha@risoe.dtu.dk
tel: +45 46 77 59 71
DKK
10,000,000
4th quarter
2011
2104-08-0014
Reliability-based analysis applied for
Department of Civil
reduction of cost of energy for offshore Engineering-AAU
wind turbines
John Dalsgaard Sørensen
jds@civil.aau.dk
tel: +45 99 40 85 81
DKK
10,500,000
4th quarter
2012
2104-08-0025
Large wind turbines – the wind profile
up to 400 meters
Wind Energy Division
at Risø DTU
Sven-Erik Gryning
sveg@risoe.dtu.dk
tel: +45 46 77 50 05
DKK
13,500,000
4th quarter
2013
Project no.
Project title
Project manager
Contact
Funding
Completion
ForskEL 6507
Dimensioning of offshore wind
turbines, experience from
Horns Reef I
Wind Energy Division
at Risø DTU
Sten Frandsen
stfr@risoe.dtu.dk
tel.: +45 46 77 50 70
DKK
8,166,000
2nd quarter
2010
ForskEL 7141
Mesoscale atmospheric variability and
the variation of wind and production
for offshore wind farms
Wind Energy Division
at Risø DTU
Søren E. Larsen
sola@risoe.dtu.dk
tel.: +45 46 77 50 10
DKK
2,500,000
4th quarter
2010
energy · RESEARCH · DEVELOPMENT · DEMONSTRATION · 2010
141
Projects in progress · Wind power
142
Project no.
Project title
Project manager
Contact
Funding
Completion
ForskEL 10086
Shadow effects of large wind farms
Wind Energy Division
at Risø DTU
Sten Frandsen
stfr@risoe.dtu.dk
tel.: +45 46 77 50 70
DKK
2,401,000
3rd quarter
2010
ForskEL 10087
Main electrical wind turbine
components
DTU Electrical
Engineering
Joachim Holbøll
jh@oersted.dtu.dk
tel.: +45 45 25 35 20
DKK
4,020,000
2nd quarter
2012
ForskEL 10092
Aero-Hydro-Elastic Simulation Platform Wind Energy Division
for Floating Systems
at Risø DTU
Bjarne Skovmose Kallesøe
bjarne.skovmose.
bska@risoe.dtu.dk
tel.: +45 46 77 46 80
DKK
2,996,608
4th quarter
2010
ForskEL 10226
Radar@Sea
DTU Informatics
Pierre Pinson
pp@imm.dtu.dk
tel.: +45 45 25 34 28
DKK
5,427,000
4th quarter
2011
ForskEL 10240
Calculation of Extreme Wind Atlases
Using Mesoscale Modeling
Wind Energy Division
at Risø DTU
Xiaoli Guo Larsén
xgal@risoe.dtu.dk
tel.: +45 46 77 46 77
DKK
1,500,000
4th quarter
2011
ForskEL 10260
DEWEPS
WEPROG ApS
Corinna Möhrlen
com@weprog.com
tel.: +45 64 79 23 00
DKK
1,300,000
2nd quarter
2011
ForskEL 10268
Autonomous Aerial Sensors
for Wind Power Meteorology
Wind Energy Division
at Risø DTU
Gregor Giebel
grgi@risoe.dtu.dk
tel.: +45 46 77 51 00
DKK
2,800,000
1st quarter
2011
Project no.
Project title
Project manager
Contact
Funding
Completion
ENS-330320051
Offshore wind IEA Annex 23
(Operating Agent)
Wind Energy Division
at Risø DTU
Jørgen Lemming
jqle@risoe.dtu.dk
tel.: +45 46 77 50 86
DKK
120,000
2nd quarter
2010
ENS-330320081
Low-frequency noise from large wind
turbines – quantification of the noise
and assessment of the annoyance
DELTA Danish
Elec­tronics,
Light & Acoustics
Kaj Dam Madsen
kdm@delta.dk
tel.: +45 72 19 48 24
DKK
2,862,000
2nd quarter
2010
ENS-330320085
Simulation package for generation of
wind loads applicable for aeroelastic
simulations
Wind Energy Division
at Risø DTU
Gunnar C. Larsen
gula@risoe.dtu.dk
tel.: +45 46 77 50 56
DKK
1,986,000
2nd quarter
2010
ENS-330320106
Improved performance measurements: Wind Energy Division
Characterisation of the wind field over at Risø DTU
a large wind turbine rotor
Uwe Schmidt Paulsen
uwpa@risoe.dtu.dk
tel.: +45 46 77 50 44
DKK
2,569,000
4th quarter
2010
ENS33033-0039
Physical and numerical modelling of
monopile for offshore wind turbines
Department of Civil
Engineering-AAU
Lars Bo Ibsen
civil@civil.aau.dk
tel.: +45 96 35 80 80
DKK
2,335,000
2nd quarter
2010
ENS33033-0062
Methods for determining wind
conditions in complex terrain
Wind Energy Division
at Risø DTU
Andreas Bechmann
andh@risoe.dtu.dk
tel.: +45 46 77 59 67
DKK
2,495,000
2nd quarter
2010
ENS33033-0075
Anisotropic beam model for analysis
and design of passive controlled wind
turbine blades
Wind Energy Division
at Risø DTU
Kim Branner
kibr@risoe.dtu.dk
tel.: +45 46 77 50 36
DKK
2,378,000
4th quarter
2010
ENS33033-0077
Improvement of methods for fatigue
Wind Energy Division
prediction – a preliminary investigation at Risø DTU
Gunnar C. Larsen
gula@risoe.dtu.dk
tel.: +45 46 77 50 56
DKK
850,000
2nd quarter
2010
ENS33033-0181
Estimation of extreme response and
structural reliability of wind turbines
under normal operation by means of
controlled Monte Carlo simulation
Department of Civil
Engineering-AAU
Søren R. K. Nielsen
srkn@civil.aau.dk
tel.: +45 96 35 80 80
DKK
950,000
4th quarter
2011
ENS33033-0185
Nano-filtration of oil
C.C. Jensen A/S
Søren Hallberg Jensen
shj@cjc.dk
tel.: +45 63 21 20 14
DKK
1,944,000
4th quarter
2010
ENS33033-0191
Noise emission from wind turbines
in wake
DELTA Danish
Electronics
Light & Acoustics
Kaj Dam Madsen
kdm@delta.dk
tel.: +45 72 19 48 24
DKK
1,693,000
2nd quarter
2010
energy · RESEARCH · DEVELOPMENT · DEMONSTRATION · 2010
Projects in progress · Wind power
Project no.
Project title
Project manager
Contact
Funding
Completion
ENS33033-0243
Design and optimisation of blade tips
for wind turbines
DTU Mechanical
Engineering
Jens Nørkær Sørensen
jns@mek.dtu.dk
tel.: +45 45 25 43 14
DKK
2,131,000
4th quarter
2010
ENS33033-0245
Integrated design of wind power
systems
Department of Energy Florin Iov
Technology-AAU
fi@iet.aau.dk
tel.: +45 99 40 92 66
DKK
1,499,200
2nd quarter
2010
ENS33033-0267
Improved design basis for large
wind turbine blades (Phase 4)
Materials Research
Division at Risø DTU
Bent F. Sørensen
bsqr@risoe.dtu.dk
tel.: +45 46 77 58 06
DKK
2,000,000
2nd quarter
2010
ENS33033-0287
Research and development centre
for wind turbine components
Danish Wind Industry
Association
Peter Hjuler Jensen
peje@risoe.dtu.dk
tel.: +45 46 77 50 37
DKK
1,484,000
2nd quarter
2010
ENS63011-0066
Experimental blade research:
Structural mechanisms in current
and future large blades under
combined loading
Wind Energy Division
at Risø DTU
Kim Branner
kibr@risoe.dtu.dk
tel.: +45 46 77 50 36
DKK
2,981,000
3rd quarter
2010
ENS63011-0187
IEA-Wind Annex 28: Social Acceptance
of Wind Energy Projects
Lene K. Nielsen
Lene K. Nielsen
leneknielsen@gmail.com
tel.: +45 42 77 05 74
DKK
498,000
4th quarter
2011
ENS63011-0190
IEA Annex 28 MexNext:
Wind Energy Division
Analysis of Wind Tunnel Measurements at Risø DTU
and Improvement of Aerodynamic
Models
Helge Aagaard Madsen
hama@risoe.dtu.dk
tel.: +45 46 77 50 47
DKK
1,762,000
4th quarter
2011
ENS64009-0002
Aeroelastic optimisation
of MW turbines
Wind Energy Division
at Risø DTU
Thomas Buhl
thbu@risoe.dtu.dk
tel.: +45 46 77 54 67
DKK
6,112,768
1st quarter
2011
Project no.
Project title
Project manager
Contact
Funding
Completion
Wind turbines inspired by nature
Vestas Wind
Systems A/S
Jakob Wedel-Heinen
jjwh@vestas.com
tel.: +45 40 84 37 72
DKK
15,000,000
2011
Groundbreaking blade technology
LM Glasfiber A/S
Einar Friis Hansen
efh@lmglasfiber.com
tel.: +45 79 84 09 32
DKK
33,000,000
2013
Completed projects · Wind power
Offshore wind power – research-related bottlenecks
Pr. manager:
DCSR:
Result:
Wind Energy Division at Risø DTU · Sten Tronæs Frandsen · tel.: +45 46 77 50 72
DKK 10,000,000
Completed 3rd quarter 2010
The project aimed substantially to strenghten the scientific basis for the wind turbine sector in general
with particular focus on the Danish sector’s position in offshore wind farms. To meet these purposes,
the project focused on the following issues: Mutual wake effect of major blocks of wind farms;
Extreme loads on offshore wind turbines; Interaction between major wind farms and waves and current; Reliability of grid connection; Optimising operation and maintenance of offshore wind turbines.
By gathering scientific disciplines, the project aims to achieve synergies to find new approaches to old
problems.
DCSR · 2104-04-0005
energy · RESEARCH · DEVELOPMENT · DEMONSTRATION · 2010
143
Completed projects · Wind power
Simulation and control of wind turbine flows using vortex generators
Pr. manager:
DCSR:
Result:
DCSR · 2104-04-0020
Fluid Mechanics Section at DTU Mechanical Engineering · Martin O. L. Hansen · tel.: +45 45 25 43 16
DKK 2,373,000
Completed 2nd quarter 2009
In DTU’s and LM Wind Power’s wind tunnel, the project performed several measurements of the flow
behind vortex generators (VG). The project proved that the induced vortices effectively counteract
separation. The key result from the project is that it demonstrated that the vortices display helical
symmetry. In future, the knowledge will be used to develop simple models for use in analytical and/
or numerical flow calculations for, for instance, blade profiles with VGs. The project also showed that
they generally impact advantageously on intermittently separated flows.
Blade profiles in turbulent inflow
Pr. manager:
DCSR:
Result:
DCSR · 2104-05-0074
Wind Energy Division at Risø DTU · Niels Nørmark Sørensen · tel.: +45 46 77 50 53
DKK 1,831,800
Completed 3rd quarter 2009
The project aimed at studying the effect of inflow turbulence in blade calculations by using CFD and
with several Delayed Detached-Eddy simulations (DDES) for blade profiles, both profiles in free flow
and in wind tunnel configurations. To describe turbulence in inflows, the project developed two
methods for turbulence generation. Methods were developed to add the turbulence generated at
the domain inlet as well as inside the domain. The developed methods were used to compare results
with measurements from the LM Wind Power wind tunnel for conventional low and high turbulence
inflow alike.
Grid faults and load basis for wind turbines
Pr. manager:
PSO:
Result:
ForskEL - 6319
Wind Energy Division at Risø DTU · Erik Lundtang Petersen · tel.: +45 46 77 50 00
DKK 2,536,000
Completed 1st quarter 2010
The project developed a computer method for quantifying wind turbine structural loads caused by fault
ride-through (FRT) requirements. Exemplified in the case of an active stall wind turbine this approach
can be used by the industry as a wind turbine design tool. It is based on a combination of simulation
tools with differing specialised expertise. Dynamic models and FRT control strategies for different wind
turbine concepts were developed. Different storm management strategies were proposed and analysed.
Statistical analysis for fatigue and extreme structural loads were carried out to analyse the impact of
wind turbine structural loads.
High resolution
Pr. manager:
PSO:
Result:
ForskEL - 6387
WEPROG · Jess U. Jørgensen · tel.: +45 64 71 17 60
DKK 2,849,000
Completed 1st quarter 2010
The development of offshore wind power results in more energy production per area unit and new
requirements to the generation forecasts. Measurements from Horns Rev and ensemble forecasts
were used to upgrade forecasting tools for the relevant periods and time scales. The most significant
development is a new algorithm for short-term forecasts that combines any relevant online measurements by means of ensemble forecasts.
Integration and management of wind power in the Danish electricity system
Pr. manager:
PSO:
Result:
ForskEL - 6504
144
Department of Energy Technology–AAU · Birgitte Bak-Jensen · tel.: +45 96 35 92 40
DKK 3,500,000
Completed 2nd quarter 2009
The project establishes a new model of the Danish electricity system in the form of two buses (east
and west Denmark), to which new models of load and production units are connected in the form of
centralised and local power plants, onshore and offshore wind turbines and grid connections to Norway, Sweden and Germany. The model is used to simulate equilibrium conditions and production from
various entities controlled by automatic generation control. The model has room for different forms
of production from wind turbines, such as delta, balance and gradient regulation, and the model can
also include planned production. This has proven to be of great importance to achieve satisfactory
management of the grid at large wind turbine electricity generation.
energy · RESEARCH · DEVELOPMENT · DEMONSTRATION · 2010
Completed projects · Wind power
Optimisation of noise and energy in wind farms
Pr. manager:
PSO:
Result:
DELTA Danish Electronics, Light & Acoustics · Bo Søndergaard · tel.: +45 72 19 48 20
DKK 2,000,000
Completed 4th quarter 2009
This project has validated the use of the noise prediction model Nord2000 for more detailed noise prediction
from wind farms compared to conventional methods like the ISO 9613-2. The prediction model takes into
account variations in meteorological and terrain parameters and was validated for flat and com­plex terrain
alike by means of measurement campaigns. A software prototype combining Nord2000 with WindPRO from
EMD International A/S was developed. The software is intended for noise and energy optimisation of wind
farm layouts taking into account the advantages inherent in the more detailed noise prediction model.
ForskEL - 7389
Improved design basis for large wind turbine blades, phase 3
Pr. manager:
ERP:
Result:
Materials Research Division at Risø DTU · Bent F. Sørensen · tel.: +45 46 77 58 06
DKK 3,674,000
Completed 2nd quarter 2009
The project focused on developing new design methods for wind turbine blades with a view to reducing in­­stability caused by damage and defects. It covered Buckling-driven delamination of supporting
laminates, crack formation along interfaces in material seams and hierarchical finite element models.
The project is an element of a phase-divided process aimed at improving knowledge about the reasons
for damage arising on large wind turbine blades. The work will continue in a phase four project and has
also become a focal area for the Danish Council for Strategic Research’s new major strategic research
centre on wind turbine composite structures and materials.
ENS-33031-0078
Experimental rotor and airfoil aerodynamics on MW wind turbines
Pr. manager:
ERP:
Result:
Wind Energy Division at Risø DTU · Helge Aagaard Madsen · tel.: +45 46 77 50 47
DKK 3,939,000 Completed 1st quarter 2010
The project was to provide new insight into several basic aerodynamic and aeroacustic problems
decisive to design and operation of MW wind turbines. The project performed measurements on a
full-scale MW rotor and on blade profiles from MW wind turbines in a wind tunnel. Measurements
were made on a 3.6 MW Siemens wind turbine and a 2 MW NM 80 wind turbine with 80-metre rotor.
ENS-33033-0074
Wind energy economy
Pr. manager:
ERP:
Result:
EMD International · Per Nielsen · tel.: +45 96 35 44 44
DKK 1,726,000 Completed 1st quarter 2010
The project endeavoured to calculate electricity generation costs in modern onshore wind turbines.
At average operating costs of DKK 0.08/0.10/kWh, production costs per kWh can be calculated at
DKK 0.33/0.56, depending on local wind conditions at the site for a private investor aiming at a
repayment period of 10 years. A socio-economic calculation with a repayment period of 20 years,
corresponding to the expected lifetime of a wind turbine, shows a spread of DKK 0.23 and 0.38.
In comparison, the kWh price from Rødsand II is DKK 0.629.
ENS-33033-0196
Programme for Research in Applied Aeroelasticity
Pr. manager:
ERP:
Result:
Wind Energy Division at Risø DTU · Thomas Buhl · tel.: +45 46 77 54 67
DKK 4,147,000 Completed 2nd quarter 2009
The project constituted a phase of the strategic partnership between Risø DTU and the wind turbine
industry on developing an aeroelastic design complex. The project worked with the following issues:
3D laminar/turbulence transition models, aeroacustic and aerodynamic profile design, development
of thick profiles with “high-lift devices”, mapping the actual risk for stall-induced oscillations against
standstill, the effect of blade and profile deformation as well as dynamic loads on main gear and
drive train.
ENS-33033-0266
energy · RESEARCH · DEVELOPMENT · DEMONSTRATION · 2010
145
Other projects
Funded projects · Others
IEA, ETDE Executive Committee, Danish participation in 2010,
including hosting the 32nd executive committee meeting in Denmark
Pr. manager:
Contact:
DKK 274,000
EDDP:
Total budget: DKK 274,000
Completion:: 1st quarter 2011
ENS-64009-0283
The project funds Danish participation in the
executive committee of the IEA agreement “Energy
Technology Data Exchange”. The agreement
ensures access of Danish research and the Danish
business community to international research
results through the ETDEWEB database, just as the
agreement ensures international dissemination of
research results. In 2010, Denmark will host the
32nd executive meeting.
Registration of Danish energy literature and descriptions of energy research
projects, and cooperation with international information systems
Pr. manager:
Contact:
ENS-64009-0284
Information Service Division
at Risø DTU
Birgit Pedersen · bipe@risoe.dtu.dk
tel. +45 46 77 40 01
Information Service Division
at Risø DTU
Line Nissen · lrni@risoe.dtu.dk
tel.: +45 46 77 40 10
DKK 855,000
EDDP:
Total budget: DKK 855,000
Completion: 1st quarter 2011
As a Danish knowledge centre, the centre collects
and communicates information about Danish
energy publications to the IEA database ETDEWEB
(www.etde.org/etdeweb) and about energy projects from EDDP, ERP, the PSO schemes, the Danish
Council for Strategic Research and Danish National
Advanced Technology Foundation energy projects in
the DENP database (www.danskeenergiprojekter.dk).
Projects in progress · Others
Social analyses
146
Project no.
Project title
Project manager
ENS-330300027
Household energy consumption:
An econometric analysis of the effect
of the energy labelling scheme and
the building regulations
ENS-330330222
Project no.
Funding
Completion
AKF – Danish Institute Gabriel Pons Rotger
of Governmental
gpr@akf.dk
Research
tel.: +45 33 11 03 00
DKK
1,682,000
2nd quarter
2010
3rd party access to district-heating
distribution systems
RAMBØLL
Bjarne Lykkemark
bly@ramboll.dk
tel.: +45 89 44 77 00
DKK
542,000
2nd quarter
2010
Project title
Project manager
Contact
Funding
Completion
Detailed fuel analysis for the shipping
industry
Nanonord A/S
Carsten Tilm
ct@nanonord.com
tel.: +45 96 34 15 90
DKK
10,000,000
2010
energy · RESEARCH · DEVELOPMENT · DEMONSTRATION · 2010
Contact
Completed projects · Others
Characterisation of vanadium-flow battery
Pr. manager:
PSO:
Result:
Risø DTU · Henrik Bindner · tel.: +45 46 77 46 10
DKK 2,235,000.
Completed 2nd quarter 2009
Vanadium redox-flow batteries are one of the promising battery technologies. A 15kW/120kWh
vanadium battery was installed as part of the SYSLAB facility at Risø DTU. The battery was installed
in August 2008, and cell stacks were changed twice, first time immediately after the installation.
The overall efficiency was measured at around 60% inclusive of losses for pumping. The measurement period registered no degradation performance. The battery response time from full power in
one direction to full power in the other lies about 1 second. A slightly higher internal resistance was
measured in the latest set of stacks.
ForskEL - 6555
IEA ETDE Executive Committee 2009
Pr. manager:
EDDP:
Result:
Information Service Division at Risø DTU · Birgit Pedersen · tel.: +45 46 77 40 01
DKK 167,000
Completed 4th quarter 2009
The project financed Danish participation in IEA’s implementing agreement, Energy Technology Data
Exchange (ETDE), that will enable national and international access to Danish R&D results in the area
of energy. Danish research institutions, the Danish corporate sector and other stakeholders will also
gain access to foreign R&D results. Access will be achieved through the ETDE agreement database,
ETDE World Energy Base (ETDWEB). Active participation in the ETDE executive committee and in the
ETDE technical work group has given Denmark influence on the IEA ETDE implementing agreement.
ETDEWEB now contains more than 4.2 billion entries.
ENS-63011-0181
Registration of Danish energy literature and descriptions of energy research
projects, cooperation with international information systems
Pr. manager:
EDDP:
Result:
Information Service Division at Risø DTU · Line Nissen · tel: +45 46 77 40 10
DKK 776,000
Completed 4th quarter 2009
The project comprises Risø DTU’s cooperation on international and Danish databases, the ETDEWEB
and Danish energy R&D projects (DENP), respectively. Danish publications in the field of energy (ERP
reports, magazine articles and conference contributions) were collected and registered in the ETDEWEB
on the website www.etde.org/etdeweb. In addition, reports can be borrowed from Risø’s library. New
projects funded by the EDDP, Energinet.dk’s PSO programme and the energy projects of the Danish
Council for Strategic Research were registered in the Danish databases, DENP and the Danish National
Research Database, and completed projects were updated with a brief description of the results.
ENS-63011-0182
energy · RESEARCH · DEVELOPMENT · DEMONSTRATION · 2010
147
Useful Internet addresses with information
about Danish and international energy research
www.energiforskning.dk
iis-03.risoe.dk/netahtml/risoe/ENS/efp_dk.htm
The joint web portal of Danish energy research programmes (in
Contains the DENP database with Danish energy research projects
Danish).
from the programmes EDDP, ERP, ForskEL, ELforsk and energy and
environmental projects of the Danish Council for Strategic Research.
www.energinet.dk/en/menu/R+and+D
The searchable database contains information on projects com-
Under this menu item on the transmission system operator (TSO)
menced since 1996.
website, you can find information on research and development
activities, including the ForskEL, ForskVE and ForskNG programmes
iis-03.risoe.dk/netahtml/risoe/DENL_dk.htm
as well as Energinet.dk’s own power system research.
Risø DTU’s database of Danish energy literature (DENL).
www.ens.dk
www.risoe.dk/Knowledge_base/energy_databases.aspx
The menu item “Ny Teknologi” on the Danish Energy Agency web-
Portal of the Risø DTU website providing access to multiple data-
site contains a section about the EDDP programme, Green Labs
bases and information services on energy research and technology.
DK, international research cooperation and information on funded
projects (in Danish) as well as a short introduction in English to the
cordis.europa.eu/home_en.html
Danish energy sector’s international R&D cooperation.
Contains information about the EU R&D framework programmes,
including project information.
en.fi.dk/councils-commissions
The website of the Danish Agency for Science, Technology and Inno-
ec.europa.eu/research/energy/index_en.htm ­
vation contains under the menu item “Councils and Commissions”
Website of the European Commission on energy research in the EU.
information about the Programme Commission on Sustainable Energy and Environment of the Danish Council for Strategic Research.
ec.europa.eu/energy/intelligent
Website about the Intelligent Energy Europe programme (IEE). The
www.elforsk.dk
IEE funds non-technology projects promoting the use of sustainable
The Danish Energy Association’s special website about the PSO-
energy, improved market terms and energy savings.
financed R&D programme for efficient electricity use. The website
contains final reports and information brochures about completed
www.eera-set.eu
projects, annual reports, newsletters, strategy notes, etc. A com-
Website of the European Energy Research Alliance (EERA).
prehensive search function enables you to find contact information,
financial key figures, etc. on research players and their workplaces
www.iea.org/Textbase/techno/index.asp
(in Danish).
A website of the International Energy Agency (IEA) on energy technology with an overview of Implementing Agreements, etc. and
www.nordicenergy.net
links to the specific websites of the cooperation agreements.
Website of the Nordic Energy Research programme.
www.etde.org/etdeweb/logon.jsp
www.hoejteknologifonden.dk/?id=29
IEA’s database with information on energy research and energy
Website of the Danish National Advanced Technology Foundation
technology.
with information on application rounds, projects, strategies, etc. as
well as annual reports.
Further information
Risø DTU, Information Service
www.oem.dk/sw27573.asp
Line Nissen, tel.: +45 46 77 40 10,
Presents “Fornyelsesfonden” with secretariat at the Danish Enter-
e-mail: lrni@risoe.dtu.dk
prise and Construction Authority (in Danish).
www.EnergyMap.dk
Climate Consortium Denmark’s web portal based on Google Earth
about Danish energy and climate-friendly technologies.
148
energy · RESEARCH · DEVELOPMENT · DEMONSTRATION · 2010
energy 2010 Annual report on Danish energy research programmes, published in cooperation
between Energinet.dk, the Danish Energy Agency/the EDDP secretariat, the
Danish Energy Association, the Programme Commission on Energy and Environment under the Danish Council for Strategic Research and the Danish National
Advanced Technology Foundation, July 2010
Editors: Jesper Bergholdt Sørensen (Energinet.dk), Hanne Thomassen (Danish Energy Agency/the EDDP secretariat), Jørn Borup Jensen
(Danish Energy Association), Klaus Rosenfeldt Jakobsen (Danish Agency for Science, Technology and Innovation), Thomas Bjerre (Danish
National Advanced Technology Foundation) and Steen Hartvig Jacobsen, journalist. Editorial deadline on 10 July 2010
541
ING
KN
NOR
DI
MILJØMÆR
SK
Tryksag
006
ISSN no.:
Printed version: 1903-9556
Digital version: 1902-8318
Translation: Ad Hoc Translatørservice A/S
Design & Layout: MONTAGEbureauet Aps
Print run: 725
Repro & printing: Scanprint A/S, certified under
environmental management standard ISO 14001
Cover photo credits: Torben Nielsen
This publication is available from the Danish Energy Authority’s web-based bookstore at http://ens.netboghandel.dk.
It can be downloaded from the Danish Energy Association’s research homepage at www.elforsk.dk, from
www.energinet.dk/da/menu/Forskning/ForskEL-programmet/Energiforskningsrapporter/Energi+2010.htm
and from the Danish Agency for Science, Technology and Innovation’s homepage at www.fi.dk/dsf.
energy 10
research · developm ent ·
Annual report 2010 on public grants from energy research programmes
ForskEL, EDDP/ERP, ELforsk, DSCR Energy and Environment and energy
projects of the Danish National Advanced Technology Foundation
behaviour, barriers and means · lighting · biomass · hydrogen and fuel cells · buildings · wave power
power and control electronics · efficient energy use · energy systems · fossil fuels · industrial processes
cooling · social analyses · solar energy · ventilation · wind power
Danish Agency for Science,
Technology and Innovation
Bredgade 40
DK-1260 København K
Tel.: +45 35 44 62 00
fi@fi.dk
www.fi.dk
Energinet.dk
Tonne Kjærsvej 65,
DK-7000 Fredericia
Tel.: +45 70 10 22 44
info@energinet.dk
www.energinet.dk
Danish Energy Association
Rosenørns Allé 9
DK-1970 Frederiksberg C
Tel.: +45 35 300 400
de@danskenergi.dk
www.danskenergi.dk
www.elforsk.dk
EUDP Secretariat
Amaliegade 44
DK-1256 København K
Tel.: +45 33 92 67 00
ens@ens.dk
www.ens.dk
The Danish National
Advanced Technology Foundation
Holbergsgade 14, 3.
DK-1057 København K
Tel.: +45 33 63 72 80
info@hoejteknologifonden.dk
www.hoejteknologifonden.dk
DEMONSTRATION