DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
METROLOGY AND SURFACE ENGINEERING
LABORATORY MANUAL
MARRI LAXMAN REDDY
INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY & MANAGEMENT
Dundigal, Quthbullapur (M), Hyderabad – 500 043, R.R.Dist. A.P
Date of Issue:
29-06-2013
Compiled by
Mr. CH.
VAMSHIKRISHNA
Document No:
MLRITM / ME / LAB / SOP
Version :
Authorized by
Date of Revision:
10-07-2013
Verified by
Dr. R. Kotaiah
HOD ME
LIST OF EXPERIMENT.(METEROLOGY LAB)
S.NO
Name of the experiment.
1.
VERNIER CALIPERS
2.
MICROMETER(OUTSIDE)
3.
MICROMETER(INSIDE)
4.
GEAR TOOTH MICROMETER
5.
BORE GUAGE
6.
SPIRIT LEVEL
7.
OPTICAL BEVEL PROTRACTOR
8.
TOOL MAKERS MICROSCOPE
9.
SCREW THREAD MICROMETER
10.
VERNIER HEIGHT GAUGE
11.
MICROMETER DEPTH GAUGE
12.
ALIGNMENT TEST ON DRILLING MACHINE
13.
ALIGNMENT TEST ON MILLING MACHINE
14.
ALIGNMENT TEST ON LATHEMACHINE
VERNIERCALIPERS-EXP(1)
Aim:To measure the length and diameter using vernier calipers
Apparatus:Linearmeasurement applies to measure the length, diameter, height and thickness including
external and internal measurements. These are designed for linear and end measurement.
Construction:Vernier consists of 2 scales one fixed and other movable. The fixed scale known as the
main scale is calibratyed on “L” shaped frame and carriers a fixed jaw. The movable vernier
scale slides over the main scale and carriers a measuring tip when the jaws are closed the
zero of vernier and main scale coincide.An adjustment is provided to liock the sliding scale.
Use:These are used for both – internal and external measurement, its generate used for
measuring by closing the jaws on work surface and taking readings from main scale is
examined to as certain which of its division coincide and added to the main scale reading.
Least count= One division of main scale reading/ No. division on scale .mm
49 MSD=50 VSD
1 MSD=1mm
1 VSD= 49 MSD/50 VSD
L.C= 1MSD- 1VSD
= 1- 49/50
=0.02 mm
Precautions:1.Line of measurements and scale must coincide
2.Measurement tips of caliber should parallel to the work place center line
3. Do not apply pressure on place.
Calculations:
Lengthofthespecimen
S.NO
MSR(mm)
VSR
VSR X LC
TR= MSR + (VSR
X LC) mm
VSR
VSR X LC
TR= MSR + (VSR
X LC) mm
VSR
VSR X LC
TR= MSR + (VSR
X LC) mm
1
2
3
4
Diameterofthespicemen
S.NO
MSR(mm)
1
2
3
4
Depthofthespicemen
S.NO
1
2
3
4
MSR(mm)
Thicknessofthespicemen
S.NO
MSR(mm)
VSR
VSR X LC
TR= MSR + (VSR
X LC) mm
VSR X LC
TR= MSR + (VSR
X LC) mm
1
2
3
4
InsideDiameterofthespicemen
S.NO
MSR(mm)
VSR
1
2
3
4
Result:The experiment is conducted on the vernier calipers for measuring for the physical
quantities of the given spicemen.
Conclusion:1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Length of the spicemen ----------- mm
Diameter of spicemen----------- mm
Inner diameter of the hollow cylinder- ----------- mm
Outer diameter of the spicemen- ---------- mm
Thickness of the spicemen----------- mm
MICROMETER(Outside)--------EXP(2)
Aim:To measure the length, height and diameter of the given spicemen
Apparatus:Micrometer, spicemen
Micrometer:It is one of the most common and most popular form of measuring instrument for previse
measurement with 0.001 mm accuracy micrometer with 0.001 mm are available.
Principle:Micrometer works on the principle of screw and most when is turned through pitch distance
i.e., one revolution. It advances by one pitch distance i.e., on revolutions of screw
corresponds to a linear movement of a distance equal to the pitch of the thread.
Least count (L.C) = 1 Division of MSR/ No of Divisions of the PSR
Procedure:1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Select the micrometer with a desired range depending upon the fire of the work
piece to be measured.
The next step is to check it for zero error incase of 0.25 mm micrometer, the zero
error is checked by contracting the faces of the fixed anvil andf the spindle.
The barrel has graduation, in interval, of 1mm above this reference line.
These are also graduation below reference line OLH the middle of 2 successive
upper graduation so as to read 0.5mm
For measuring the dimension, hod work below faces of the anvil and spindle and
then move the spindle by rotating the thimble limit and spindle by rotating then
touches the work piece.
Take the thimble reading which coincides with the reference line on the sleeve
Total reading=MSR + (LC X PSR) mm
Calculations:Lengthofthespicemen
S.NO
MSR(mm)
VSR
VSR X LC
TR= MSR + (VSR
X LC) mm
VSR X LC
TR= MSR + (VSR
X LC) mm
1
2
3
4
OuterDiameterofthespicemen
S.NO
1
2
3
4
MSR(mm)
VSR
Thicknessofthespicemen
S.NO
MSR(mm)
VSR
VSR X LC
TR= MSR + (VSR
X LC) mm
1
2
3
4
Precautions:1.
2.
3.
First clean the micrometer by wipping off dirt.
Set zero readings on instrument before measuring
Hold the point whose dimensions is to be measured properly turn thimble.
Result:The experiment is conducted on micrometer to find out the length, diameter and thickness
of the given spicemen.
Conclusion:1.
2.
3.
Length of the spicemen -----------mm
Outer Diameter of the spicemen -----------mm
Tjhickness of the spicemen -----------mm
INSIDEMICROMETER(3)
Aim:To determine inside diameter is a given hollow spicemen
Apparatus:Inside micrometer, hollow spicemen
Micrometer:It is one of the most common and most popular form of measuring instrument for precious
measurement with 0.001mm accuracy are also available.
Principle:Micrometer works on the principle of screw and nut. When screw is turned through nut one
revolutions it advances by one pitch distance i.e., one revolution of screw corresoonds to a
linear moment of a distance equal to the pitch of the thread
L.C= Pitch of the spindle/ No of divisions on the spindle
Procedure:1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Select the micrometer with a desired range depending upon the size of the work
piece to be measured.
The next step is to check it for zero error. In case of 0.25mm micrometer, the zero
error is checked by contracting the faces of fixed anvil and the spindle.
The barrel has graduation , in travels of 1mm above the reference line
For measuring the dimension, hold work b/w faces of the anvil the spindle by rotating
then touches the work piece
Take the thimble reading with coincides with the reference line on the sleeve.
Total reading = MSR + (PSR X LC )mm
Precautions:1.
2.
3.
first clean the micrometer by wiping off dirt, fit, dust grit off it.
Clean them with a piece of cloth or paper
Set zero readings on instrument before measuring.
Innerdiameterofthespicemen-1
S.NO
MSR(mm)
PSR
PSR X LC
TR= MSR + (PSR
X LC) mm
PSR X LC
TR= MSR + (PSR
X LC) mm
1
2
3
4
Innerdiameterofthespicemen-2
S.NO
MSR(mm)
PSR
1
2
3
4
Result:The experiment is used to find the inner diameter of the hollow spicemen of given
spicemem
Conclusion:The inner diameter of the hallow spicemen is ---------------- mm
GEARTOOTHMICROMETER–EXP(4)
Aim:To determine the thickness of given gear tooth.
Apparatus:Gear tooth micriometer, gear
Theory:Gear tooth micrometer is used to measure the thickness of gear tooth at pitch line. It is
similar to simple micrometer but gear tooth micrometer having flanks at the end of anvil and
spindle. The flanks of the micrometer. Gives the thickness of gear tooth at pitch line.
Principle:Gear tooth micrometer works on the principle of screw and when screw is turned through
nut for one revolution it advances by one pitch distance i.e., one revolution of screw
corresponds to a linear moment of a distance equal to the pitch of thread.
Least Count(LC)= Pitch of the spindle screw/ No of divisions of the spindle(mm)
Procedure:1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Select the micrometer with a desired range depending upon the thickness of the
work piece to be measured.
The next is to check it for zero error in case of 0.25mm micrometer, the zero error, is
surfaces of anvil and spindle.
The barrel has graduations, in interval of 1mm above the subsequent line.
For measuring, hold the work piece b/w faces of anvil and spindle and move the
spindle by rotating the thimble unit it just touches the work piece.
Take the thimble reading which coincides with reference line on the sleeve.
Total reading = MSR+(PSR X LC)mm
Simplecalculations:MSR = 3mm
PSR= 6mm
LC = 0.01mm
Error = 27mm
PSR X LC = (6+27)X0.01=0.33mm
TR=MSR+(PSRXLC)=3+0.33mm
Precautions:1.
2.
3.
Clean the micrometer by wiping off dirt
Clean the micrometer thoroughly with paper or cloth
Set zero readings on instrument before measuring
Pitchcirclediameter
S.NO
MSR(mm)
PSR
PSR X LC
TR= MSR + (PSR
X LC) mm
PSR
PSR X LC
TR= MSR + (PSR
X LC) mm
1
2
3
4
5
Diameterofgear
S.NO
MSR(mm)
1
2
3
4
5
Result:The experiment is conducted on gear tooth micrometer and the thickness is diameter
Conclusion:The thickness of the given spicemen gear tooth is found to be
mm
BOREGAUGE-EXP(5)
Aim:To determine the bore diameter (int. dice) of the given spicemen
Apparatus:Bore gauge, Anvils, Washers, Specimens
Theory:Bore gauge, is generally used to determine the bore diameter of components. Bore gauge
consists of following parts.
1.
2.
3.
4.
Dial gauge
Vertical column
Arrangement of anvil and washer
Movabale spindle
Dialindicator:This is used for measuring and checking linear measurement. These require less skills
in their use than other instruments such as micrometer. Gauges etc., when dial indicator
is used as essential part in mechanism of any set up for measure purpose. It is referred
as dial gauge. This dial gauge consists of graduated circular dial. Pointer. Point. Pointer
gear train arrangement vessel clamp, revolution counter. It activates a pionion which is
attached to the pointer shaft. A gear train is used b/w plunger rack and pinion, to magnify
the movement of the plunger to the pointer. A revolution counter is used to count the
number of revolutions of the pointer
Least count = 0.01mm
Procedure:1.
2.
3.
4.
Select the suitable anvil and washer to measure the dimension of given spicemen.
Insert anvil and washer at the bottom of vertical column of bore gauge
Subtract the dial indicator value from the sum of anvil and washer value. Which gives
the bore diameter of given spicemen
Repeat same procedure to get the bore diameter at different positions of spicemen
Samplecalculations:Least count (LC)=0.01mm
Anvil size = 45mm
Washer size = 45mm
Total indicator Reading = 14 X 0.01= 0.145mm
Total Reading=(Anvil size + Wasjher size)-(Dial indicator for Reading)
= (45+4.5)-(0.145)=49.355mm
CalculationTotalreading:-
Bore diameter = (Anvil size + Washer Size)- (Dial indicator Reading).
InnerDiameter ofthespecimen-1
S.NO Anvil Size
Washer size
Dial indicator
reading
TR= Anvil size+
Washer size – Dial
indicator reading
(mm)
Dial indicator
reading
TR= Anvil size+
Washer size – Dial
indicator reading
(mm)
1
2
3
4
5
InnerDiameter ofthespecimen-2
S.NO
Anvil Size
Washer size
1
2
3
4
5
Result:The experiment has been conducted on bore gauge to determine the bore diameter of
given spicemen.
Conclusion:The bore diameter of the given spicemen is
mm
SPIRITLEVEL–EXP(6)
Aim:To check the flatness of given surface plate
Apparatus:Spirit level, surface plate
Theory:Generally spirit level is used for leveling the machinery and other instruments. But spirit
levels are also used to measure the angles. It is also called precision level. It consists of
glass tube and of the tube. If the tube is fitted through a small angle if R- radius of tuibe Ldistance of bubble moved when spirit level is fitted to same angle
The angle is calculated as fallows
L=R8,
8=L/R
Procedure:1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Keep the spirit level on the surface plate
Observe the bubble in the spirit level
If bubble is in the middle of spirit level than surface is flat.
If bubble is not in the middle of spirit level than surface is not flat
Repeat the same procedure at different places of surface plate
Flatnessofthespecimen
S.NO
1
2
3
4
5
Horizontal
Vertical
Result
Result:The experiment has been conducted on spirit level to check the flatness of given
surface plate
Conclusion:The given surface plate is flat/not flat---------------------
OPTICALBEVELPROTRACTOR—EXP(7)
Aim:To determine angle of given specimen
Apparatus:Bevel protractor, spicemen
Theory:It is the simplest for measuiring the angle below the two faces of the component
Their consists of protractor which is used to measure the angles
1)
Vernier
2) Optical
Vernierbevelprotractor:It consists of a base plate to the main body and adjustable blade which is attached to the
circular plate. A vernier scale is provided on the main scale the adjustable scale is capable
of rotating freely about the center of the main scale and it can be locked at position by lock
nut. It is capable of measuring 0 to 360 deg. The main scale on the disc is graduiated in
degrees of arc. The vernier scale has 12 divisions on each side of centre zero.
Each division on the vernier scale
= 5pow1 of arc which is the least count of vernier scale
The reading of vernier bevel protractor = MSR+(VSR X LC)mm
Opticalbevelprotractor:A recent development of vernier bevel protractor is optical bevel protractor. In this
instrument a glass ole is divided at 10pow1 of arc intervels through out 360deg and this
glass ole is fitted inside the main body. A lens is fitted through which measurements are
taken from the glass ole. With the help of the optical bevel protractor it is possible to read
5pow1 of arc 1.e., LC of this instrument is 5pow-1
Procedure:1.
2.
3.
4.
Place the adjustable blade on the component
Tight the blade using lock nut
Take the main scale reading
Take the vernier scale reading from vernier scale which is fixed on the main sxcale
through lens
Angleofthespecimen-1
S.NO
1
2
3
4
5
MSR0(mm)
VSR’
VPSR X LC
TR= MSR + (VSR
X LC) mm
Angleofthespecimen-2
S.NO
MSR0(mm)
VSR’
VPSR X LC
TR= MSR + (VSR
X LC) mm
1
2
3
4
5
Result:The experiment is conducted an optical bevel protractor and angle of given specimen is
determined
Conclusion:The angle of given specimen is
TOOLMAKERSMICROSCOPE-EXP(8)
Aim:To determine the angle and pitch of given external screw thread
Apparatus:Tool makers microscope, specimen
Theory:The tool maker microscope is designed for measurement of components of difficults forms.
Ex:- profile of external threads, tools , guage. It can be used for measuring center to center
distance of holes in any plane it consists of optical head which can be adjusted vertically
along inspection the table can be moved in longitudinal direction and lateral direction by
micrometer screws, which arte having barrel and thimble at back of base light is arranged
which provides on the optical head. The image of component passes through optical head
and observations. The reading of longitudinal micrometer is noted. The difference gives the
pitch of the thread.
Calculations:
Table:1.
s.no
MSR
PSR
TR
MSR
PSR
TR
MSR
PSR
TR
MSR
PSR
TR
Table:2.
s.no
Result:The experiment is conducted on tool makers microscope , the angle, pitch of thread
determined.
Conclusion:The pitch of the screw thread = 1.155mm
Angle of external screw thread = 35deg.17’
SCREWTHREADMICROSCOPE-EXP(9)
Aim:To determine the diameter of the thread
Apparatus:Screw thread micrometer, specimen
Principle:Micrometer work on the principle of screw. When screw is turned through nut one revolution
it advances by one pitch distances by one pitch distance i.e., one revolution of screw
corresponds ta a linear movement of a distance equal to the pitch of the thread
LC= Pitch of the spindle screw / No . of divisions on the spindle.
Procedure:1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Select the micrometer with a desired range depending upon the size of the work
piece to be measured
The next step is to check it for zero error in lost of 0.25mm Micrometer. The zero
error is checked by contracting the faces of the fixed axial. The spindle.
The barrel has graduation in internal of 1mm above the reference line. There are
also graduation below the reference line out the middle of two successive upper
graduation so as the read 0.5mm
For measuring the dimension, hold work below faces of axial and spindle.
Take the thimble reading while consider with the reference line on the sleeve
TR=MSR+(lc X PSR)
Precautions:1.
2.
3.
4.
Clean the micrometer by whipping off dirts, oil, dust, grit off it.
Clean them with a piece of cloth or paper
Clean measuring faces of anvil and spindle
Hold the part whose dimension is to be measured.
Pitchdiameterofthespecimen
S.NO
1
2
3
4
5
MSR(mm)
PSR
PSR X LC
TR= MSR + (PSR
X LC) mm
Outerdiameterofthespecimen
S.NO
MSR(mm)
PSR
PSR X LC
TR= MSR + (PSR
X LC) mm
1
2
3
4
5
Result:The experiment is conducted on screw thread micrometer and the diameter of the screw
thread is determined
Conclusion:The diameter of screw thread is obtained as
mm
VERNIERHEIGHTGAUGE-EXP(10)
Aim:To measure the height of the given specimen by vernier height gauge
Apparatus:It is similar to vernier calipers, but in this graduated is held in a vertical position and it is
used in conjunction with a surface plate
Construction:A vernier height gauge consists of :1.
2.
3.
A finely grouped and lapped base. The base as massive and robust in construction
to ensure rigidity and stability.
A vertical graduated beam (or) column is supported on a massive base.
Attached to the beam is sliding vernier head carrying the vertical scale and a
clamping screw.
Features:1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
All the parts are made of good quality steel or stainkless steel
The beam should be sufficiently rigid and square wit base.
The measuring jaws should have a clear projection from the edge of the beam.
Atleast equal to the projection of the base from the beam
The upper and lower gauging surface of the measuring jaws shall be flat and parallel
to the base
Scruber should also be of the same nominal depth as the measuring jaws so that it
may be resolved
Projection of the jaws should be atleast 25mm
Precautions:1.
2.
When not in use .vernier height guage should be kept in to case
It should be tested for the straightness, squareness and parallelism of the working
focus of the beam.
Lengthofthespecimen-1
S.NO
1
2
3
4
MSR(mm)
VSR
VSR X LC
TR= MSR + (VSR
X LC) mm
Lengthofthespecimen-1
S.NO
MSR(mm)
VSR
VSR X LC
1
2
3
4
5
Result:The height of given specimen is found using vernier height gauge
Conclusion:The height of the specimen and obtained as
mm
TR= MSR + (VSR
X LC) mm
MICROMETER DEPTHGAUGEEXP(11)
Aim:
It is used for measuring the depth of holes , slots and recessed area.
Apparatus:
Micrometer , specimen.
Theory:
It has got one shoulder which act as reference surface and is held firmly and
perpendicularly to the center line of the hole. Here also for larger ranges of
measurement , extension rod are used. The screw micrometer depth gauge has
range of 20mm or 25mm. the length of the micrometer depth gauge varies from 0
to 225mm. the rod is inserted through the top of the micrometer. The rod is
marked after every 10mm so that it could be clamped at any position in using this
instrument .
Procedure:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
To measure the depth of any material, use the micrometer depth gauge.
Take the sample piece, the length of the rod varies from 0 to 225mm.
Various rods are used as per requirement at the certain limit that gauge will
move as it is by rotating screw in clock wise direction.
Tight the screw and measure the main scale and circular scale also adding
the initial value of the rod this gives MSR, VSR, TSR by adding LC.
Note down readings by following procedure.
Observation Table:
Sr .No
1
2
3
4
5
MSR
VSR
LC
TSR
Result:
The depth of the given specimen is found using MICROMETER DEPTH GAUGE.
Conclusion:
1.
2.
Depth of the hole
Depth of the slot
mm.
mm
ALIGNMENTTESTONDRILLINGMACHINE-EXP(12)
Aim:To perform alignment tests on drilling machine
Apparatus:Gauge blocks, dial gauge, straight edges
FlatnessofclampingsurfaceofBase:This test is performed by placing a straight edge on same dimension of two gauge blocks on
the plate in the various dimensions. The error is noted by inserting the feeler gauge
between gauge block and straight edge if clearance is noted than it is said that the base
plate is not flat otherwise it is flat.
FlatnessofclampingSurfaceofTable:This test is performed by placing a straight edge on same dimension of 2 gauge blocks on
the table in the various dimensions. The error is noted by inserting the feeler gauge
between gauge blocks and straight edge otherwise it is running in proper way
PerpendicularityofDrillHeadGuideWithBaser:Perpendicularity (squareness) of drill head guide with the base plate is performed by placing
the frame levels on drill head guide and base plate. Th3e error is noted by nothing the
difference of two frame levels. If the difference is 0 then it is said that sleeve is parallel to
base plate.
TotalDeflection:For this test in dial indicator is fioxed on table and its feeler touches the surface of the
spindle.The dynamometer or load is applied to the spindle and spindle is rotated. In this
position observe the diviation of dial gauge if any devitation is noted then it is said that the
spindle is deflected under load otherwise under load otherwise no deflection of spindle
under load.
ALIGNMENTTESTONMILLINGMACHINE-EXP(13)
Aim:To Perform the alignment test on milling.
Apparatus:Spirit level, gauge blocks, dial gauge
Theory:Following are the tests on milling machine
Testforlevelingofmillingmachine:It is essential that a machine tool should be installed truly horizontal and vertical plane and
this accuracy must be maintained. If milling base is not installed truly horizontal then bed will
undergo a deflection and produce a simple bend.
TrueRunningofspindle:A mandrel placed in the spindle and tedt is conducted on the surface of mandrel. A dial
gauge is fixed on the machine table and feeler of the dial gauge is made to touch the lower
surface of it clearance is noted then it is said that the table is not flat otherwise it is flat.
TrueRunningofspindle:For this test the mandrel is p[laced in the spindle and dial indicator is fixed on the table. The
feeler of dial gauge is made to touch the surface of manderal.
ParallelismofspindleAxiswithitsverticalmoment:For this test the manderal is placed in the spindle and dial indicator is fixed on the table. The
feeler of dial gauge is made to touch the surface of mandrel also moved up and down, the
mandrel also moved up and down observe any direction in the reading of dial gauge is
noted then that is said that it is not running in proper way mandrel.
Axis slip of main spindle is developed due to the error in bearing support for this
test feeler of the dial gauge is placed on the face of main spindle and the dial gauge.
Parllelism(or)TableSurfacewithlongitudinalsurface:A machine is placed in the spindle and test is conducted on the surface of mandrel. If any
degration is noted then it is noted then it is said that spindle is not parallel to the table.
ParallelismofTableSurfacewithmainspindle:A mandrel is placed in the spindle and test is conducted on the surface of mandrel. A dial
gauge is fixed on the table and feeler is touched to the spindle. If any deviation takes place
the spindle is not machione to the table.
ParallelismofTableSurfacewithArbor:Arbor is placed in the spindle and test is conducted on the surface of order. If any degration
is noted than it is saidf that arbor is not parallel to the table
ALIGNMENTTESTONLATHEMACHINE---EXP(14)
Aim:To perform alignment test on table
Apparatus:Spirit level, gauge blocks, dial gauge
Theory:The following are the alignment tests on lathe.
Levelingofmachine:It is essential that a machine tool should be installed truly horizontal and vertical plane and
this accuracy must be mainted . The level of machine base in longitudinal and transverse
direction is tested by spirit level or precision level. The spirit level is placed at a to measure
the level.
Truerunningofmainspindle:The true mandrel is placed in the main spindle and test is conducted on the surface of
material if dial gauge shows any deviation in the reading then it is said that the main spindle
is running in the proper way.
Parallelismofmainspindletosaddlemovement:If the axis of the spindle is not parallel to the saddle movement then it is not possible to get
req. dimension of work piece while doing the operation on lathe. The spindle is moved and
the deviation in the reading of dial gauge are noted.
ParallelismofTailstockguidewaystosaddlemovement:To check the parallelism of guide ways with the saddle movement in the both vertical and
horizontal directions. The dial indicator is held on the spindle and block is moved
simultaneously any deviation in reading of dial gauge is noted if no deviation in the reading
then tail stock guide ways is parallel to saddle movement otherwise it is not parallel to
saddle movement.
Parallelism oftailstockguidewaystocarriagemovement:To check the parallelism of guide ways with the carriage in both vertical and horizontal
objections. A block is placed on the guide ways of tail stock. The dial indicator is held on the
carriage and block is moved simultaneously any deviation in reading of dial gauge is noted
Parallelismofmainspindletocarriagemovement:To check the parallelism of main spindle to carriage in both vertical and horizontal. The
deviation is observed the spindle is not parallel to the carriage.
TrueRunningofheadstockcenter:The test mandrel is placed in the head stock and test is conducted on the surface of
carriage. The dial gauge shows any diviations in the reading then the head stock is not
running in proper.