Electromagnetic Compatibility
Grzegorz Kosobudzki, Jerzy Leszczyński
Low frequency disturbances immunity tests
Low frequency disturbances
immunity test
•
•
•
•
Voltage dips, short interruption
Voltage varation
Power frequency variation
Harmonics and intarharmonics, mains
signaling
2
Test results - classification
• A) normal performance within limits specified by the
manufacturer
• B) temporary loss of function or degragation of
performace
• C) temporary loss of function or degragation of
performace – the correction of which requires operator
intervention
• D) loss of function or degragation of performance which is
not recoverable
3
U<90%Unom
Unom
U<1%Unom
Voltage interruption and dip
ti
ti
interruption
Dip (sag)
4
Voltage dips and surge
U
Umax
Usurge=Umin
1.1Un
Un
0.9Un
Udip=Umin
Umin
DIP
SURGE
t
5
ITIC CURVE
6
ANSI CURVE
7
Voltage dips and inerruption tests
URMS
100%
Voltage
fall time
Voltage
rising
time
30%
tf
0%
ts
time at reduced voltage
tr
8
100
Unom
25%Unom
Dips parameters
40ms
EN 50160
10ms
EN 61000-4-30
25
9
Power supply
Schematic of test instrumentation for voltage dips, interruption and
variations using variable transformers and switches
EUT
Voltmeter
oscilloscope
10
Power supply
Schematic of test instrumentation for voltage dips, interruption and
variations using power amplifier
Waveform
Generator
EUT
Amplifier
Voltmeter
oscilloscope
Controller
11
Power supply
Schematic of test instrumentation for three-phase voltage dips,
interruption and variations using power amplifier
Waveform
Generator
EUT
Amplifier
Voltmeter
oscilloscope
Controller
12
Prefereed test level and duration for voltage dips
and interruption Table 1 and 2; EN 61000-4-11
Prefered test level and duration
Class
Voltage dips
1
Short
interruption
Case by case according to the equipment requirements
2
0% during ½
cycle
0% during
1cycle
70% during 25 cycle
0% during
250 cycle
3
0% during ½
cycle
0% during
cycle
40% during
10 cycle
70% during
25 cycle
80% during
250 cycle
x
x
x
x
x
x
0% during
250 cycle
x
13
Dips immunity tests in 3 phase systems
EN 61000-4-11
L3
L1
L1
L1
N
N
N
L2
L3
L2
L3
L2
Phase to neutral testing
14
Dips immunity tests in 3 phase systems:
Phase to neutral dip
L2
100%
100%
100%
sin
100%
p
100%
30°
1-P
sin(120  )
1
1 P2
2 P cos(120  )
L1
U L1
1 P2
L2
2 P cos(120  )
3
L3
15
Dips immunity tests in 3 phase systems
EN 61000-4-11
L1
N
L3
L2
Phase to phase testing – not recommended
L3
L1
L1
N
N
L2
L3
Phase to phase testing – preffered
L2
16
Dips immunity tests in 3 phase systems:
Phase to phase dip
L2
U L1
100%
U L2
N
N
(1 P) 2
3
2
1
p
3
UL2-N
100%
UL2-L3
sin
1
3
(1 P
cos(30  )
2
(1 P)
sin(30  )
2
U L1 N
UL1-N
N
1-P
100%
L1
120 
UL3-L1
100%
100%
L3
2
U L3
L1
U L2
1 (U L1 N ) 2
2U L1
L3
N
cos(
120  )
3
60

sin
1
U L1
N
sin(
3U L 3
120 )
L1
17
Dips immunity tests in 3 phase systems:
Phase to phase dip
L2
U L1
100%
2 3P cos(30  )
1 3P 2
N
p
100%
UL2-N
120
o
sin
1
P 3 sin(30  )
U L1 N
UL1-N
N
1-P
100%
UL3-L1
100%
L1
U L3
1 (U L1 N ) 2
2U L1
L1
N
cos(
120  )
3
100%
L3
60

sin
1
U L1
N
sin(
3U L 3
120 )
L1
18
Circuit for determining peak inrush
current requirement of EUT
To
oscilloscope
Voltage interrupt
generator
EUT
19
Circuit for determining peak inrush current
drive capability of interruption generator
To
oscilloscope
Voltage interrupt
generator
C
R
R- bleeder resistor
10k>R>100
C- electrolytic capacitor
C=1700uF
20
Voltage variation- optional test EN 61000-4-11
URMS
100%
Voltage
fall time
Time at
reduced
voltage
Voltage
rising
time
tf
ts
Test level: 70%
td : abrupt
ts : 1 cycle
tr : 25 cycles
tr
0%
21
Voltage Variation immunity test:
EN61000-4-14
Un+10%
Minimum
5s
60s 60s
5s
Un
5s
60s 60s
Minimum
5s
Un-10%
22
Voltage Variation immunity test:
EN61000-4-14
Starting
voltage
U
T=5s+-0.5s
tf
5 periods
t=2s+-0.2s
tr
5 periods
23
Variation of power Frequency
immunity test: EN 61000-4-28
Mearuring
Level
Level 1
Level 2
Level 3
Level 4
Frequency
Transient time
variation
tp
No obligation No obligation
±3%
+4% -6%
±15%
10 s
10 s
1s
24
Variation of power Frequency
immunity test: EN 61000-4-28
f+ f
tp
f- f
120s tp 60s
60s
f
120s
120s
60s
tp
120s
120s
f+ f tp 60s
120s
f- f
25
Harmonics and interharmonics immunity
test: EN 61000-4-13
I. Harmonics tests
a. Individual harmonic
b. Flat curve
c. Over swing
II. Interharmonics tests
a. Individual interharmonic
b. Sweep in frequency
c. Meister curve
Harmonics immunity test: EN 61000-4-13
Harmonic combination- „over swing”
1
3rd
% 0f U1
/angle
4%/180o
5th
%0f U1
/angle
3%/0o
2
3
X
6%/180o
8%/180o
X%/180o
4%/0o
5%/0o
x%/0o
400
200
u [V]
Class
0
200
400
0
5 10
3
0.01
0.015
0.02
time [s]
27
Harmonics and interharmonics immunity test:
EN 61000-4-13
Harmonic combination- „flat curve”
function
0≤|sin t|≤0.95
0≤|sin t|≤0.9
0≤|sin t|≤0.8
0≤|sin t|≤X
200
u [V]
Class
1
2
3
X
400
0
200
400
0
5 10
3
0.01
0.015
0.02
time [s]
28
Interharmonics immunity test: EN 61000-4-13
Sweep in frequency, Meister curve
Freq. Range
f
Freq. Step
f
Sweep in
frequency Class 3
Meister curve Class 3
tests level %U1
tests level %U1
0,33f1 to 2f1
0,1f1
4,5
4
2f1 to 10f1
0,2f1
14
10
10f1 to 20f1
0,2f1
9
4500/f (9%for 500Hz)
20f1 to 30f1
0,5f1
6
4500/f (4,5%for 1kHz)
30f1 to 40f1
0,5f1
4
4500/f (3%for 1,5kHz,
2,25% for 2kHz)
29