Volume 9 No. 1
A Newsletter from Cryogenic Industries
Spring 1998
Sub-Zero pumps achieve 85% efficiency levels
TM
CD’s patented Sub-ZeroTM (SZ)
reciprocating pump designs continue to meet customer’s needs in
diverse markets. ACD recently developed
the 3-SZGU for well-service applications.
The 3-SZGU has a flow capacity of
2-20gpm (7.5–75 l/m) in nitrogen
service with a pressure range from
10,000–15,000 psi (690–1,034 bar).
The primary benefit of the 3-SZGU
pump is the extremely low net positive
suction pressure (NPSP) requirements,
eliminating the need for a boost pump.
A
In traditional well-service pumping systems, a centrifugal boost pump is
required to increase the NPSP for high
pressure/high flow applications. For
those well-service, high pressure pumping operations not using a boost pump,
a high pressure cryogenic storage tank
must be used to pressurize the liquid to
meet the 60 psi (4.14 bar) NPSPR. The
3-SZGU allows the operators to use a
conventional low pressure cryogenic
storage tank which costs less and
weighs less, therefore, being able to
carry more liquid.
The 3-SZGU pump successfully passed
several testing programs to confirm flow
NPSH vs. Efficiency Curve for "SZ" Pump
Note: This curve is representative of all 'SZ' Pumps
10
NPSH (PSIG)
8
4
0
-4
60
70
80
EFFICIENCY (%)
90
Benefits of 3-SZGU Pump:
ACD’s patented 3-SZGU reciprocating pump requires
extremely low net positive suction pressure, eliminating
the need for a boost pump.
rates and pumping efficiencies at various
liquid levels under imperfect conditions.
Without a boost pump, the 3-SZGU
was able to meet low head, high flow
conditions at low tank levels with saturated liquid, the most severe operating
conditions for pumping duties in wellservice applications. The first pumps
have been shipped and are being
installed for field service.
The 3-SZGU combines ACD’s patented
SZ Cold End with a forced-oil lubricated
heavy duty drive end. This combination
provides the best of both worlds: ability
to pump efficiently under imperfect
(saturated) liquid conditions with low
maintenance requirements.
The GU drive requires an external oil
pump and reservoir. In applications
where low pump speed is required, an
external oil pumping system is preferred
to ensure bearings and internal equipment are being lubricated properly. For
fixed speeds or limited speed ranges, an
SG drive is also available with an integral
oil pump and reservoir. Both drive ends
are heavy-duty and meet the operating
conditions for well-service, high pressure pumping applications.
þ
Elimination of boost pump and
included plumbing requirements
þ
Low NPSPR (less than 1 psi/0.069 bar)
þ
Elimination of high pressure cryogenic
storage tank for traditional non-boost
pump applications
þ
Initial cost savings up to 20%
þ
Reduced maintenance costs up to 40%
þ
Pump at high efficiencies under
imperfect liquid conditions (saturated)
þ
Provides sub-cooling and guarantees
positive pressure to pumping chamber
þ
Minimized pumping losses: no tank
blow down or pressure build-up
requirements
With the elimination of the centrifugal
boost pump, ACD’s 3-SZGU pumping
system becomes a very cost effective
Continued on page 7
INSIDE THIS ISSUE
þ
Cryoquip develops a modular
series of electric vaporizers
and heaters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
þ
Cryogenic Industries China holds
its first pump workshop . . . . . . . . . . 3
þ
How climate affects cryogenic
vaporizer selection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
þ
Calendar of events . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Cryoquip develops a modular series of electric
vaporizers and gas heaters
ryoquip has developed a new
series of modular electric vaporizers
which are UL recognized, CSA
certified, and IEC and CE approved for
use in global applications. The vaporizers are available for both vaporizing and
superheating common industrial gases
such as nitrogen, oxygen, argon, carbon
dioxide, and other special gases.
C
OPTIONS
• low temperature solenoid shutoff valve
• polyurethane painted NEMA 4
enclosures
• stainless steel enclosures
• ANSI, Mueller four-bolt or DIN
flange end connections
Advancements in the design include:
• removable and replaceable heater
elements
DESIGN DATA
• extruded aluminum wafer
construction
• low pressure drop
The Cryoquip SEB-6R-24T6-60 kw
electric superheater.
• smaller footprint
• lightweight and portable
These engineered advancements mean
increased benefits for the user. For
example, the vaporizer’s modular design
enables the electric heater elements to
be replaced quickly with minimal down
time. The extruded wafer construction
is comprised of individual elements
connected to a common manifold that
facilitates replacement. This means
capacity can be easily increased with
little impact on the units’ dimensions.
Because the units are lightweight, they’re
easier to handle, extremely portable,
and relocatable. The modularity simplifies servicing, if necessary.
Electric cryogen
vaporizers utilize high
quality electric heating
elements and stainless
steel heat exchanger
tubes. Heating elements and tubes are
specially positioned in
the highly conductive
aluminum modules.
Heat transfer is further
The new VEC (carbon dioxide service)/VEB
(oxygen, nitrogen, and argon service) electric
vaporizer series.
2
enhanced in vaporizer units by means
of a spirovane turbulence promoter
within each stainless tube, which also
reduces fluid slugging and surging.
Over 30 units are available as standard, in
four (4) different voltage configurations
and for flow rates from a few hundred
standard cubic feet to over 30,000 scfh
(800 Nm3/hr). Operating pressures up
to 10,000 psig (690 barg) are available.
Unlike previous designs, pressure drops
at full rated capacities are typically no
more than 10 psi, or less than 1 bar, at
150 psig inlet pressure. The user is able
to utilize a low pressure tank to achieve
the same application pressure.
In addition to these improvements, the
units continue to exceed the industries’
highest standards in electrical controls and
operational features including solid state
temperature control with a digital temperature indicator; long life, fast acting
mercury contactors with fast switching
capability; and closer temperature control
which is only available with P.I.D./mercury contactor component-type units.
The vaporizers also maintain independent solid state over-temperature protection with automatic reset; NEMA 4
or IP 55 electrical enclosures; fully automatic controls; and spirovanes for
• standard maximum working
pressure: 580 psig (40 barg)
• working pressures available:
to 10,000 psig (690 barg)
• pressure drop at rated flow:
10 psi (.7 bar)
• working pressure: 150 psig
(10 barg)
SYSTEM FEATURES
• solid state temperature controller
• independent solid state auto
resetting over-temperature switch
controller
• separate manual resetting high
limit shutdown controller
• rubber gasketed dust type
electrical control enclosure,
door interlock handle
• individual electrical components
UL recognized, CSA certified and
IEC and CE approved
Units are available in multiple voltages. Power requirements may vary
slightly with each specific voltage.
enhanced heat transfer and reduced
slugging and surging.
For more information contact Patrick Billman
at Cryoquip, billp@cryoquip.com, or visit
www.cryoquip.com.
Cryogenic Industries China
holds its first pump training seminar
Cryogenic Industries China hosted its
first cryogenic pump seminar for its
Chinese customers last December near
its office in Hangzhou. The two-day seminar was attended by over twenty-five
key customers from major industrial gas
companies with operations in China
and with Chinese domestic users. The
seminar was lead by ACD Customer
Support Specialist Jose Paje who provided detailed technical training on the ACD
cryogenic pump product line.
Attendees were specialists from various
departments of BOC Gases-China,
Shanghai-Praxair, Shanghai No. 5 Steel
Group and Messer, Hangzhou Oxygen
Plant Group, Suzhou Oxygen Plant
Group and Suzhou Hua Fu Vessel Co.,
Kaifeng Air Separation Group, Sichuan
Air Separation Plant Co., and Hangzhou
Dian Hua Group.
The first day’s presentations focused on
the advanced technological features of
the ACD product line and how they offer
real benefit to customer applications in
China. Day two emphasized the correct
application of those products at the customers’ plant sites and how best to avoid
common problems caused by installation or operation errors.
Kenny Yu, Cryogenic Industries China Sales Manager,
instructs participants at that company’s first cryogenic
pump training workshop in Hangzhou, China.
Assisting Jose with real time translations
of his presentation into Mandarin
Chinese were Kenny Yu, Cryogenic
Industries China Sales Manager and Jack
Liu, Service Engineer. Jesse Jin, Helen
Zhan, and Dennis Dai, Cryogenic
Industries China, also provided service
in support of the office’s first seminar.
The value of these seminars to the China
market was summarized by Kenny,
“China is a developing market for ACD
…both as a pump sales market and as a
pump user market. These seminars help
us sell by helping the customers better
understand the advantages of our products and how best to apply those products to their specific need.”
For more information, contact Dave King
at Cryogenic Industries China,
dking@public.hz.zj.cn
Cosmodyne receives BOC Innovation Excellence Award
Cosmodyne Project Manager Greg
Mason and his team recently received an
Innovation Excellence award from The
BOC Group for work on the development of a nitrogen gas generator plant.
This year marks the first time BOC has
presented the award outside the company to a supplier.
BOC and Cosmodyne formed a team
during the development effort and
worked together to install and commission the first plant in less than one year
from inception of the prototype. Greg
joined Cosmodyne over two years ago
during the infant stage of the project. He
said the assignment posed engineering
and production challenges, requiring
unique equipment packaging to pro-
Cryogenic Industries Service Organization
Pump Training Workshop Schedule
April (tbd)
Cryogenic Industries China
Hangzhou, China
contact: Dave King
Phone: +86-571-885-9026
Fax: +86-571-885-9025
dking@public.hz.zj.cn
May 12 and 13 Pittsburgh Cryogenic
Services, Inc.
Imperial, PA USA
contact: Carl Henningson
Phone: 800-327-6461 (USA only)
Phone: +1 724-695-1910
Fax: +1 724-695-1926
pittcryo@pulsenet.com
June 9 and 10 CryoAtlanta, Inc.
College Park, GA USA
contact: Tom Farmer
Phone: 888-217-9355 (USA only)
Phone: +1 770-909-0291
Fax: +1 770-909-0694
tfarmer@bellsouth.net
Aug (tbd)
CryoCal, Inc.
Santa Ana, CA USA
contact: Mike Coco
Phone: +1 714-724-8636
Fax: +1 714-641-1921
cryocal@ix.netcom.com
Sept 15 and 16 Pittsburgh Cryogenic
Services, Inc.
Imperial, PA USA
contact: Carl Henningson
Phone: 800-327-6461 (USA only)
Phone: +1 724-695-1910
Fax: +1 724-695-1926
pittcryo@pulsenet.com
Oct 13 and 14 CryoAtlanta, Inc.
College Park, GA USA
contact: Tom Farmer
Phone: 888-217-9355 (USA only)
Phone: +1 770-909-0291
Fax: +1 770-909-0694
tfarmer@bellsouth.net
Cosmodyne and BOC worked closely to
develop the plant process and the special control system.
Attending the BOC Group Innovation Excellence award
ceremony were (left to right): Chuck Brooks, BOC Process
Plants Process Engineer, Kari Toppel, BOC Process Plants
Program Manager, Danny Rosenkranz, BOC Group
Chief Executive Officer, Mark Alexion, BOC Process
Plants Project Manager, Greg Mason, Cosmodyne Project
Manager.
duce an easily shipped product and provide for quick field installation.
The BOC Innovation Excellence award
is presented yearly to the most innovative products and services within The
BOC Group of companies. The award
ceremony was in October 1997 at The
BOC Group’s corporate headquarters in
Windlesham, England. As part of the
award, BOC entertained the group with
a two day excursion to Brussels,
Belgium. The Cosmodyne award represented one product among several winning BOC products and services.
3
any factors need to be considered
when designing ambient air
vaporizers. The environmental
effect is one such criteria. When designing and specifying fan assisted and natural draft ambient air vaporizers, we use
four main climate zones: tropical,
Mediterranean, humid continental, and
marine. Each of these zones, however,
may contain micro climate zones where
the climate may be significantly different
than the weather around it.
M
In discussing climatic effects, a basic
understanding of the principles of ambient
air vaporizers is necessary. Fan-assisted
vaporizers utilize forced convective heat
transfer where natural draft ambient air
vaporizers utilize natural convective
heat transfer. Natural convective vaporizers typically are manufactured with
three different fin spacings, depending
on how long the vaporizers are going to
be operated before complete defrost is
achieved. Standard spaced vaporizers
typically operate less than 24 hours
before complete defrost and have a fin
tip-to-tip air gap roughly 1.5" (38 mm).
(Figure 1.)
Natural draft ambient air vaporizers
operate on the principal of natural convective heat transfer. Air is cooled as
gravitational force pulls it past the heat
exchanger fins. It therefore becomes
more dense and heavier. This density
further promotes a downward motion
due to gravitational effects. Forced convective heat transfer vaporizers rely on
mechanical fan driven forced stimulation movement of the air, therefore not
relying on gravity.
Wide gap natural convection vaporizers
generally are designed to operate three
The following are basic vaporizer design
considerations dealing with the location
FIGURE 1
FIGURE 3
4
to seven days without defrost and typically have a fin tip-to-tip air gap spacing
of 3" (75 mm) or more. (Figure 2.)
Super-wide spaced ambient air vaporizers are designed to operate continuously, with the possibility of
manual defrost required several
times per year. These vaporizers have a typical fin tip-to-tip
spacing of 10" (254 mm) or
more. (Figure 3.) Forced convective vaporizers are designed with
maximum heat transfer area in a minimum space. They typically have fin tipto-tip air gap spacing of less than 1.5"
(38 mm). (Figure 4.)
FIGURE 2
FIGURE 4
and duration of operation of ambient air
vaporizers. Certainly other considerations must also be reviewed, such as
electrical /fuel requirements and availability of land or real estate, proximity
to roads, walkways, driveways and
occupied businesses or housing.
Tropical Climate Zones
For the purpose of specifying vaporizers,
tropical climate zones include equatorial
regions such as Malaysia, Thailand,
Indonesia, Panama, Venezuela, and
Brazil. Other regions such as Japan and
the southern United States replicate this
climate zone closely in their summer
months or monsoon season, but are
generally closer to the humid continental
zone. Tropical climate zones are characterized by dew point temperatures
greater than 70oF (21oC). Dry bulb
temperatures generally range from 80oF
(27oC) to 95oF (35oC) year round.
There typically is not a wide variation in
the temperature between night and day,
since the high moisture content of the
atmosphere tends to trap the infrared
radiation emitted by objects at night,
not allowing it to escape to outer space.
Both natural and fan-assisted draft
ambient air vaporizers should be considered in tropical climates due to the
large ambient air temperature driving
force available. Flow rates under 57,000
scfh (1500 Nm3/hr) are likely to perform more economically with natural
convection units; flow rates over
152,000 scfh (4000 Nm3/hr) with
forced convection units. The main
advantage of these systems is maximum
vaporization capacity at minimal or no
operation cost coupled with maximum
reliability.
In order to maintain maximum vaporizer
capacity from both types of vaporizers
in this zone, the vaporizers should be
switched quite often. Typical switching
cycles would be about every four to
eight hours. This is due to the high
moisture content in the atmosphere and
therefore rapid ice growth formation on
the fins which rapidly reduces the overall
heat transfer coefficient. Switching less
than every two hours to obtain even
more vaporization capacity is both
unrealistic and dangerous. Both the natural and forced draft vaporizers will
defrost adequately in this climate zone
without any external energy source as
long as the off cycles are at least half the
duration of the on cycles. The fan driven
units will assist in this process.
A system can be designed with a larger
approach temperature (approach temperature is defined as the difference
between ambient temperature and discharge gas temperature), because of the
consistently warm temperature at night
and during the day. Resulting in greater
capacity from a system rated for less in
other climate zones.
Mediterranean Climate Zones
Mediterranean climate zones
would include areas such as
the southern and central
coast of California, Greece, the
Algerian Coast, and other areas
like Italy and Israel. Typically,
these regions are characterized by precipitation periods of
about four months per year.
This climate zone, like the tropical climate zone, is very suited to the
ambient air vaporizer due to the large
ambient air driving force available.
Generally, the same rules apply with
regards to what flow natural draft and
forced draft ambient air vaporizers
become economical choices.
The main difference between this climate zone as compared to the tropical
zone is the low moisture content that
can exist six to nine months of the year.
Several unique weather characteristics
result from this. Infrared radiation mostly
escapes from the atmosphere at night
resulting in possible colder nighttime or
early morning temperatures; a consideration when designing approach temperatures for this period and ensuring
minimum temperatures remain above
minimum values. The benefit of this
drier climate is longer switching cycles.
Typically, switching less than every eight
hours has little benefit, but switching
should probably be done before 24
hours to obtain maximum efficiency out
of the units.
Humid Continental Climate Zones
The humid continental climate zone
covers a vast area. In the northern hemisphere, typical areas include the interior
United States, Southern Canada, Central
Europe, and Central Asia. These areas
are characterized by somewhat tropical
dew point temperatures in the summer
and extended cold, dry periods in the
winter, with a combination of the two in
spring and fall.
The point where forced draft ambient
air vaporizers become more economical
over natural draft vaporizers is much
less apparent and must be analyzed more
rigorously due to the larger variations in
ambient conditions. A phenomenon
known as the freeze period (the period
of time in which ambient temperatures
remain below freezing) is one key to
vaporizer specifying.
Typically, fan-assisted vaporizers will
require an external energy source in
order to defrost during their off period.
Electrical heater assemblies or gas fired
external air heaters can be used. Because
of these additional requirements, the fan
ambient vaporizers become less attractive over other vaporizers.
Natural draft vaporizers must be sized
such that each bank of on-stream and
off-stream vaporizers is capable of operating for one half the freeze period. This
could be up to several months in parts
of Canada or North Central Asia, thus
requiring much more surface area
(sometimes as much as four times
more) than in other climate zones. Due
to the tropical nature that may exist in
these areas during the summer, the
switching cycles of these systems is
typically based on summer conditions.
Because of the potential for very low
temperatures during winter months,
special equipment additions like gas
superheaters may be required downstream of the ambient units depending
on pipeline limitations. Lower approach
temperatures are often required during
winter months. Fluids such as carbon
dioxide and propane that may be vaporized in tropical zones by utilizing ambient
units should not be considered in humid
continental climates since it is more
likely you will be subcooling during
winter periods.
Marine Climate Zones
Marine climate zones pose a unique
challenge to ambient air vaporizer
designers. Some areas included in this
zone are Britain, the northwest coast of
the United States, British Columbia,
Canada, the far northeast of the United
States, Maine, Norway, New Zealand,
Continued on page 7
5
HEADQUARTERS:
Cryogenic Industries
25720 Jefferson Avenue
Murrieta, CA 92562 USA
Phone: +1 909 696-7840
FAX: +1 909 698-7484
www.cryoind.com
skhall@cryoquip.com
Members of
Cosmodyne and Cryoquip have recently
launched web sites to assist their customers in learning more about the companies’ product lines and to facilitate
electronic mail inquiries. The sites contain
corporate and product profiles, personnel
directories, technical product information, employment opportunities, news
releases, and links to other relevant
home pages.
Visit their web sites at:
www.cosmodyne.com
www.cryoquip.com
EAST COAST USA:
Cryoquip, Inc.
Allentown, PA USA
Phone: +1 610 437-1867
FAX: +1 610 770-0766
lhimmie@aol.com
SOUTH AMERICA:
Cryogenic Industries
Miramar, FL, USA
Phone: +1 954 450-2700
FAX: +1 954 450-8738
ort37@aol.com
CHINA:
Cryogenic Industries China
Hangzhou, China
Phone: +86 571-885-9026
FAX: +86 571-885-9025
hci@public.hz.zj.cn
PACIFIC RIM:
Cryogenic Industries
Selangor, Malaysia
Phone: +60 (3) 365-9075
FAX: +60 (3) 365-4798
sgkellett@aol.com
EAST COAST USA:
Cryogenic Industries
Allentown, PA USA
Phone: +1 610 437-0507
FAX: +1 610 770-0766
cryoind@aol.com
FRANCE:
Cryogenic Industries
Bättwil (Basel), Switzerland
Phone: +41 61 731-3832
FAX: +41 61 731-3833
NORTHERN EUROPE AND SPAIN:
Cryogenic Industries
London, England UK
Phone: +44 181 932-3100
FAX: +44 181 932-3101
cryogenic.uk@btinternet.com
Torrance, CA USA
Phone: +1 310 320-5650
FAX: +1 310 320-5688
info@cosmodyne.com
www.cosmodyne.com
ACD purchased all of the
remaining assets of Cryomec,
Inc., including intellectual
property, inventory, tooling,
casting patterns and all rights
to the name and patents.
Through an earlier purchase,
ACD acquired the manufacturing rights for Cryomec’s
SG pump, a heavy duty, high
pressure/high flow reciprocating pump.
Spare parts for all Cryomec
pumps can be purchased
through ACD directly or
through one of our regional
service centers located
throughout the world.
For more information, contact
Richard Young at ACD.
6
College Park, GA USA
Phone: +1 770-909-0291
FAX: +1 770-909-0694
tfarmer@bellsouth.net
EUROPE:
Cryoquip. Inc.
London, England UK
Phone: +44 181 932-3100
FAX: +44 181 932-3101
Tero.Hagelin@btinternet.com
Murrieta, CA USA
Phone: +1 909 677-2060
FAX: +1 909 677-2066
bsmith@cryoquip.com
www.cryoquip.com
Imperial, PA USA
Phone: +1 724 695-1910
FAX: +1 724 695-1926
pittcryo@ pulsenet.com
Cryopump AG
Aesch, Switzerland
Phone: +41 61 751-6000
FAX: +41 61 751-6260
Cryopump GmbH
Bad Bellingen, Germany
Phone: +49 7635 8105-0
FAX: +49 7635 8965
Santa Ana, CA USA
Phone: +1 714 724-8636
FAX: +1 714 641-1921
cryocal@ix.netcom.com
North York, Ontario, Canada
Phone: +1 416 502-1950
FAX: +1 416 502-1952
cryocan@istar.ca
Selangor, Malaysia
Phone: +60 (3) 365-4800
FAX: +60 (3) 365-4798
fychan@tm.net.my
Santa Ana, CA USA
Phone: +1 714 261-7533
FAX: +1 714 261-6285
acd@acdcom.com
www.acdcom.com
Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
Phone: +61 3 9330-2444
FAX: +61 3 9330-1015
rmross1@ibm.net
Selangor, Malaysia
Phone: +60 (3) 365-4801
FAX: +60 (3) 365-4798
jestes@ pc.jaring.my
Sub-Zero efficiency
Continued from page 1
system. Initial capital costs for the complete pumping system is reduced
approximately 20%. Maintenance of the
system (operation costs) is reduced by
as much as 40% depending on operating parameters, not including liquid loss
savings due to less plumbing and cool
down requirements. Overall, the 3SZGU pump provides reliability,
improved overall performance, and
Performance Curve
Curve for
for "SZGU"
"SZGU" Triplex
Triplex Pump
Pump
Performance
1.625ø x 1.50S (85%), 10000 PSIG MAX WP
20
150
18
135
16
120
14
105
12
90
10
75
8
60
6
45
4
30
SHAFT HORSEPOWER (10000 PSI)
FLUID FLOW (GPM)
22
15
2
100
200
300
PUMP SPEED (RPM)
400
500
600
MAX
costs 20% less than traditional pumping
systems for well-service or high flow /
high pressure applications for industrial
gas usage.
ACD’s SZ cold ends are available on
other reciprocating pump models specific
to cylinder filling, storage filling, and
other customer applications where cavitation problems exist due to low NPSP.
The SZ cold ends sub-cool liquid and
guarantee positive pressure to the
pumping chamber for high efficiency,
high performance operation for many
applications.
For more information on the 3-SZGU
system or SZ pumps for cylinder filling or
other high flow / high pressure applications,
please contact ACD directly or one of our
sales/service centers located regionally
throughout the world.
Climate affects vaporizers
and the southern coast of Argentina.
Although ambient temperatures remain
relatively mild throughout the year, usually between 23oF (-5oC) and 70oF
(21oC), the climate is very moist with
dew point temperatures commonly very
close to the dry bulb temperatures as
well as the freezing point of water. What
tends to result is a substantial amount of
condensation and added precipitation
on vaporizer surfaces that quickly freeze
into dense pockets of ice, reducing
vaporizer capacity. Extra surface area
must be added to reduce the effects of
this atmospheric phenomenon.
Likewise, the vaporizers need to be
switched much more often to prevent
the formation of very dense ice that will
not defrost during off periods if levels
get too substantial. Often vaporizers
must be sized based on two to three day
ratings, but switched every two to six
hours to prevent ice buildup.
Micro Climate Zones
Micro climate zones exist in every one
of the zones discussed. They are defined
as zones that may result in substantially
Specifications:
Model:
3-SZGU
Flow Range:
2-20 gpm (7.5–75 l/m)
Pressure Range: up to 15,000 psig
(1,034 bar)
Pump Speeds:
Cold End
Diameters:
50-600 rpm
1.625" (41.28mm)
1.25" (31.75mm)
Strokes:
1.3" & 1.5"
(33mm & 38.1mm)
NPSPR:
1psi (0.069 bar)
maximum
Operating Requirements:
Minimum supply 20 psi (1.4 bar)
tank pressure:
saturated conditions
Continued from page 5
different weather conditions and may
exist at distances as close as 31miles
(50 km) from one to the other. Micro
climate zones may have unique wind or
precipitation design requirements. An
example is the area downwind of the
Great Lakes region in the United States,
where major snow fall accumulations
can occur when dry cold winds move
over warmer moist lake air causing the
air to become saturated and creating
localized “lake effect” snow. Other common weather phenomenon such as the
Chinook winds of Montana, the buran
winds of Russia and Central Asia, the
bora winds of the Northern Adriatic
coast of Yugoslavia, and the Santa Ana
winds of Southern California may result
in special mechanical design requirements or height limitations due to the
severe winds caused by the venturi
effects of local mountain canyons.
Altitude effects need to be considered as
well, with appropriate capacity reduction
applied to the vaporizer models.
For more information, contact Patrick
Billman at Cryoquip, billp@cryoquip.com.
Cosmodyne has commissioned
an ASPEN 1000 Series air separation plant in mineral-rich Dares-Salaam, Tanzania. The liquid
oxygen, nitrogen and argon plant
is owned by TOL Limited, a
company active in the expanding
Tanzanian economy.
7
CALENDAR OF EVENTS
MAR 15–17
NWSA 1998 SPRING MANAGEMENT CONFERENCE
Miami, FL, USA +1 215-564-3484, www.nwsa.com
MAR 17
COMPRESSED GAS ASSOCIATION
1998 MEMBER BUSINESS EXCHANGE
Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA, +1 703-412-0900
APR 1–3
NWSA 1998 SPRING MANAGEMENT CONFERENCE
Chicago, IL, USA +1 215-564-3484, www.nwsa.com
APR 21–24
INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON
CRYOGENICS & REFRIGERATION
Hangzhou, China, +86-571-7951771
APR 26–30
AMERICAN WELDING SOCIETY Annual Meeting
Detroit, MI, USA, +1 305 443-9353
MAY 6–8
NWSA 1998 SPRING MANAGEMENT CONFERENCE
Baltimore, MD, USA +1 215-564-3484, www.nwsa.com
MAY 12–15
CRYOGENICS ’98 IIR INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE
Praha, Czech Republic, +420 2 684 08 17
JUL 7–10
THE 4th INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION & CONFERENCE
ON VALVES & FITTINGS
Singapore, +65 534 3588
JUL 14–17
ICEC 17th International Cryogenic Engineering Conference
Bournemouth, UK, +44 (0) 170 357 9762
SEP 13–18
1998 APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY CONFERENCE
Palm Desert, CA, USA, +1 510 486-7241
“Until I started getting FrostByte, I never
knew what our company did.”
The secret
of getting ahead is
getting started. The secret
of getting started is breaking
your complex overwhelming
tasks into small manageable
tasks, and then starting on
the first one.
—Mark Twain
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