Matter and Energy,
Matter and Energy
Law and Theory
EVERYTHING
MATTER
ENERGY
Chemistry:
Physics
The study of matter and its
changes
The study of energy and forces
Energy
Matter:
The ability to change or move matter.
Anything that has mass and
volume
Types of Energy:
Types of Energy:
EVERYTHING
1. Potential Energy (Stored Energy)
MATTER
ENERGY
•
Kinetic Energy
Potential Energy
(Energy of Movement)
(Stored Energy)
Thermal Energy
(Heat)
Gravitational Potential
Radiant Energy
(Light)
Elastic Potential
(2nd semester stuff)
2. Kinetic Energy (Movement)
• Thermal Energy (Heat)
• Radiant Energy (Light)
Chemical Potential
1
Kinetic Energy
= “energy of motion / movement”
(heat and light are forms of kinetic energy)
Kinetic Molecular Theory
A theory of how matter and energy are related.
But First:
What’s a Theory?
Balloons
Scientific
Theory
A tested, possible
explanation for
why something
happens.
Examples:
• Theory of Gravity
• Theory of Evolution
• Kinetic-Molecular Theory
“why it
always
happens”
Kinetic Molecular Theory
A Valid Scientific Theory MUST:
1. …explain observations clearly and simply.
“Moving Particle Theory”
3 Main Ideas:
2. …be supported by repeatable experiments.
3. …be able to predict natural events.
4. …have no contradictory evidence.
2
1.
Matter is made of tiny particles
(atoms, molecules)
3. The particles move faster at higher
temperatures.
Low Temperature
(slower)
Temperature
is a measure of
the average
kinetic energy of
a sample of
matter.
High Temperature
(faster)
Kinetic Molecular
Theory
Summary:
1. Matter is made of tiny particles
(atoms, molecules)
2. The particles are always moving
3. The particles move faster at
higher temperatures
2. The particles are always moving.
Kinetic Theory
explains the
phenomenon of
Pressure:
• “Force per unit
area”
• Caused by
collisions of atoms
and molecules
Can
3
Kinetic Theory
explains the
phenomenon of:
SOLID
Phases of Matter
LIQUID
Example: H2O
GAS
Phase Changes:
Scientific Law
a repeated
observation
of a natural
event.
“what
always
happens”
Examples:
• Law of Gravity
• Laws of Conservation of Mass and
Energy
• Laws of Thermodynamics
A Valid Scientific Law:
1. States something that ALWAYS happens.
2. May be written as a mathematical formula.
3. Does NOT describe why something happens.
4. Has NO exceptions.
4
Law of Conservation of Mass:
Conservation of
Matter and Energy
“Matter cannot be created or destroyed”
EVERYTHING
Law of Conservation of Energy:
MATTER
ENERGY
“Energy cannot be created or destroyed”
Everything which is, always has been, and shall forever be.
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