British Journal of Sports
Medicine
Journal of the British Association of Sport and Medicine
Editor: Domhnall MacAuley
Associate editor: Ron Maughan
Technical editors: Valerie Crean, Chris Wakefield
Editorial assistant: Mavis Burrell
EDITORIAL BOARD Steve N Blair (USA)
Steve Bollen (UK)
Roslyn Carbon (UK)
Peter Fricker (Australia)
Wayne W Gibbon (UK)
Tim D Noakes (S Africa)
Moira O'Brien (Eire)
Per A Renstrom (USA)
Craig Sharp (UK)
Roy J Shephard (Canada)
Jack E Taunton (Canada)
Dan S Tunstall Pedoe (UK)
Brian J Whipp (UK)
Clyde Williams (UK)
NOTES TO CONTRIBUTORS The British Journal of Sports Medicine
publishes articles on all aspects of sports medicine and
science. Instructions to authors are given on the inside back
cover. Papers for publication should be sent in triplicate to:
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"CURRENT TRENDS IN
SPORTS MEDICINE"
GPFORUM
March to July 1997
H E A LT H
SPORTS MEDICINE
S .port
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Programmes Organiser: Rose Macdonald, Director, Sports Injury Centre, Crystal Palace National Sports Centre
JOHN CABOT CITY TECHNOLOGY COLLEGE, BRISTOL
WEDNESDAY 12 MARCH 1997
Chair: Dr Rod Jaques, BASM South West Chairman, Medical Officer to the British
Triathalon Squad, Head Quarters Doctor at Atlanta Olympics 1996
* "Healthy Exercise for Children" - Dr Chris Riddock, Academic Co-ordinator of Exercise
and Health Research Unit at the University of Bristol, Accredited Sports Psychologist
* "Dilemmas in Managing the Sporting Adolescent" - Dr Paul Jackson, Medical Officer to
England 'A' Rugby Team and to England 7-a-side Team, Member of BASM
* "Sports Injuries in the Adolescent Decade " - Mr Ian Winson, Consultant Orthopaedic
Surgeon, Medical Officer at Bristol City Football Club
* "Shin Splints" - Mr Graham Holloway, Consultant Orthopaedic Surgeon in Sports Injuries,
Swindon and London. Member of the British Orthopaedic Sports Trauma Association
* "Injury Prevention in the Adolescent" - Glen Hunter, Chartered Physiotherapist, Certified
Lecturer at Bristol School of Physiotherapy
* "Child Sexual Abuse in Sports - Whose Problem?" - Professor Celia Brackenridge,
Department of Sport and Leisure, Cheltenham & Gloucester College. Former National
Womens Lacrosse Coach
-oOo-
BRUNEL UNIVERSITY, WEST LONDON
THURSDAY 10 APRIL 1997
Chair: Dr Charlotte Cowie, Medical Officer to Millwall FC, England Ladies Football Squad
and G.B Ladies Softball Team. BASM Member
* "Recognition of Overtraining in Young Athletes" - Dr. Richard Budgett, Director Medical
Services BOMC, Chief Medical Officer Atlanta Olympics, Medical Officer British Bobsleigh
Team / Olympic Gold Medallist 1984. BASM Member.
* "Health and Fitness in Talented Young Female Gymnasts" - Carol Russell, Chartered
Physiotherapist, Commonwealth and Olympic Games 1988-96 - Physiotherapist to GB
Volleyball Team, Chief Physiotherapist for 1998 Commonwealth Games.
* "MRI - A Potential Screen for Sport" - Dr. Steve Williams, Senior Lecturer, Kings
College Hospital, London.
* "Overuse Injuries in Children" - Mr Roger Hackney, Consultant Orthopaedic Surgeon,
Medical Officer British Athletics Federation & British Cross Country Federation,
International runner / 3 Olympic Games and Silver Medallist at Commonwealth Games
* "The Adolescent Sporting Back" - Dr Philip Bell, Medical Officer England Cricket Team.
BASM Member
* "Child Sexual Abuse in Sports - Whose Problem?" - Professor Celia Brackenridge,
Department of Sport and Leisure, Cheltenham & Gloucester College. Former National
Womens Lacrosse Coach
UNIVERSITY OF STIRLING - WEDNESDAY 4TH JUNE 1997
Chair: Dr Brian Walker, BASM Scotland Chairman
* "Nutrition for the Young Athlete" - Professor Ron Maughan, University Medical School,
Aberdeen. Chairman of the British Olympic Association Nutrition Steering Group
' "Children in Sport - How Much is too Much?" - Mr Nick Maffulli, Consultant
Orthopaedic Surgeon, Special Interests:- The growing child in sport, Mediopatellar synovial
plica of the knee in athletes and post-viral fatigue syndrome, BASM Member
* "The Role of the Physiotherapist in the Screening of Developing Competitive
Gymnasts" - Julie Sparrow, Chartered Physiotherapist, Physiotherapist Atlanta Olympics,
Physio to GB Gymnastics Team at World Championships 1992, '93 and '94.
* "Diagnosing and Treating Discogenic Pain in Athletes" - Duane Saunders, Chairman of
the American Physical Therapy Association
* "Comparison Between Adult and Youth Rugby Injuries" - Mr. Donald MacLeod,
President of BASM and Professor Mike Garraway, University of Edinburgh.
-oOo-
BIRMINGHAM UNIVERSITY - THURSDAY 19 JUNE 1997
Chair: Dr Grahame Brown, BASM West Midlands Chairman
* "The recognition of Sports Injuries in Children and the Adolescent" - Dr Grahame
Brown, NHS Orthopaedic & Sports Physician, Medical Officer to Lawn Tennis Association
and The British Institute of Musculoskeletal Medicine
* "Elite Young Athletes" - Mr Dai Rees, Consultant Orthopaedic Surgeon, Director of NHS
Centre for Sports Injury Surgery
* "Symptoms and Signs of Burnout / Overtraining" - Dr. Yiannis Koutedakis, Principal
Lecturer at School of Health Sciences, Wolverhampton University - Former National Rowing
Coach
* "On The Field Identification of Injury and Aspects of First Aid" (This session will
include workshops - track suits are recommended) - Alan Hodson, Chartered Physiotherapist,
Head of Education for the Football Association, Lilleshall Hall National Sports Centre.
-oOo-
-o0o-
THE UNIVERSITY OF SURREY, GUILDFORD - WEDNESDAY 28 MAY 1997
Chair: Dr Malcolm Read, BASM London SE Regional Chairman, Medical Officer to
Commonwealth and Olympic Games, Ex Olympic Athlete,
Examiner for Diploma in Sports Medicine,
* "Adolescent Overuse Injuries" - Dr Peter Thomas, Former Olympic Rower and Olympic
Team Medical Officer. BASM Member
* "Tennis Related Injuries in Children" - John Allen, Chartered Physiotherapist, Olympic
Physiotherapist, Consultant to The Lawn Tennis Association
* "Shoulders in Sport" - Mr Steve Copeland, Consultant Orthopaedic Surgeon for elite
athletes, tennis, swimming, rugby, Jockey Club
* "Nutritional Concerns of the Young Athlete" - Nicky Gilbert. Accredited Sports Dietitian,
Consultant to the University endurance athletics squads, researcher on the nutritional intake of
MANCHESTER UNITED FOOTBALL CLUB - WEDNESDAY 2ND JULY 1997
Chair: Dr David Jones, BASM North West Chairman, GP and Sports Physician
* "Hand and Wrist Injuries in Sport" - Professor John Stanley, Hand Surgery Unit,
Wrightington Hospital.
* "Non Invasive Imaging of the Upper Limb" - Dr. Charles Hutchinson, Senior Lecturer in
Radiology, Manchester.
* "The Advancing Role of the Physiotherapist" - Chris Mallion, Chartered Physiotherapist,
Diploma in Injection Therapy and Lecturer in Orthopaedic Medicine.
* "Shoulder Injuries in Sport" - Professor Simon Frostick, Orthopaedic Department, Royal
Liverpool Hospital. Special Interests in Upper Limb Surgery and Micro Surgery of Peripheral
Nerve Injuries.
* "The Psychology of Rehabilitation" - Dave Collins, Sports Psychologist, Crewe.
dancers.
* "The Young Spine" - Mr. Matt Stallard. Consultant Orthopaedic Surgeon to the Amateur
Rowing Association - Olympics 1984 and 1988.
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MSc in SPORTS MEDICINE
DIPLOMA in SPORTS MEDICINE
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Topics Covered include: physiotherapy for sports injuries; drug
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The course leading to an MSc or diploma in Sports
Medicine in the Centre for Sports Medicine, Queen's
Medical Centre will commence on Monday, 29th
September 1997. It will last for one year of full-time
study or two years part-time study. It is primarily
intended for medical practitioners or those with an
appropriate qualification in the healthcare professions
with an interest in sports medicine, sports injuries and
the promotion of health and exercise for the general
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Selection will be made in April/May. Any remaining
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The University aims to achieve the highest quality
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BASM (SCOTLAND) AND THE GREAT OUTDOORS!
May 9th to May 11th 1997
Advanced Module Weekend Sports Medicine Conference
The venue is changing but the academic content and Scottish Hospitality will remain as excellent as they have been at the Carlton
Highland Hotel over the last three years. This years conference is a weekend with a difference at The University of Edinburgh's
Firbush Point Outdoor Centre, Killin Perthshire, an area of outstanding beauty in the Scottish highlands.
Programme; hypothermia, survival medicine, water sports, climbing and skiing injury, boots and equipment, upper limb tissue mechanics and
neurodynamics, functional rehabilitation of the knee, muscle imbalance, scenarios and rescue. The conference will be a mix of lectures and practical
workshops with the emphasis on acute management, sports specific problems and prevention.
Delegate Activities; choose from water sports or mountain biking (equipment and instruction provided), hill walking, golf, fishing or enjoy the
scenery at your leisure.
Accommodation; will be provided at Firbush centre with alternatives in local hotels or B&B's for a small supplement.
Travel; by train, plane or car. Transport will be available from Edinburgh.
Price;
Residential
Cost
Non-Residential
Cost
Doctor Member
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Doctor Member
£140.00
Doctor Non-Member
Doctor Non-Member
£160.00
£240.00
Physiotherapist Member
£120.00
Physiotherapist Member
£200.00
£220.00
£140.00
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Includes conference fee and any activities. Discounts available for BASM members and early bookers! Applications received after the closing date
of 28th March 1997 will be charged a supplement off30. 00 Resident,Q710. 00 Non-Resident per applicant.
PGEA approval and C.PD. points have been applied for.
For further information and application forms please contact the Conference Secretary; Miss Nicola Walker, Conference
Secretary, FASIC, Department of Physical Education, The University of Edinburgh, 46 Pleasance, Edinburgh EH8 9TJ.
Tel: 0131 650 2578 Fax: 0131 557 6398
Email: Nicky.Walkerged.ac.uk
ABC of
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Edited by M C Colquhoun,
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H EA LT H
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Written by members of the Resuscitation Council (UK), this
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from initial basic life support to management in the intensive
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Thursday 10th April 1997
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Wednesday 28th May 1997
University of Surrey, Guildford
* The latest European Resuscitation Council Guidelines
Wednesday 4th June 1997
University of Stirling
* New chapters on management of peri-arrest
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Thursday 19th June 1997
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89
BrJ Sports Med 1997;31:89
Table Bailey DM
ABSTRACTS
British Association of Sport
and Medicine: Annual
Congress 1996
Further abstracts from the BASM annual
congress. For the other abstracts see Br J Sports
Med 1996;30:368-370.
Use of "agreement" in the assessment of
reliability of the Cybex isokinetic
dynamometer
C A BARNES, R SOLTVEDT
School of Human Studies, University of Teesside,
Borough Rd, Middlesbrough, Cleveland, TSJ 3BA
This study compared the use of the intraclass
correlation coefficient (R) with the boundaries
of agreement (BOA) technique' to assess reliability of an isokinetic dynamometer (Cybex
Orthotron, Ronkonkoma, NY) for the
measurement of maximal voluntary strength.
Seventeen healthy female subjects (age
19-23 years) were tested on four separate
occasions for the parameters of peak torque
extension (PTE) and flexion (PTF) of the
knee extensors and flexors using the isokinetic
dynamometer. Tests were separated by two
days and each test was peformed at the same
time of day to limit circadian variations.
Measurements were recorded for the dominant limb at angular velocities of 60'/s and
1200/s on each occasion.
Test-retest reliability data as determined by
the intraclass correlation coefficient (R) were
consistent with previous studies (range 0.790.96). These same data when reported using
the BOA method, displayed 95% limits which
ranged from +24 Nm to -14 Nm for PTE60'
trial 1 v trial 2 (R = 0.91), to +15 Nm to -14
Nm for PTF60' trial 1 v trial 2 (R = 0.79).
Data for 1200/s showed similar variability
when reported using BOA.
It is recommended that future studies which
examine the reliability of instrumentation
should consider reporting in clinically relevant
units-for example, through the use of BOA,
and that a priori judgments of acceptable limits be made before the conduction of such
studies.
1 Bland JM, Altman DG. Statistical methods for
assessing agreement between two methods of
clinical measurement. Lancet 1986;1:307-10.
Implications of moderate altitude
training on serum urea and delta heart
rate in an elite cohort of distance
runners
D M BAILEY*, B DAVIES*, G GANDYt
*School of Applied Sciences, University of Glamorgan,
Pontypridd, S Wales, tLoughborough University,
Loughborough, Leicestershire
Aim-To measure the effects of moderate altitude training on serum urea and delta heart
rate, which have been used as markers of
training intensity.'
Methods-Two separate investigations were
conducted at altitude (1500-2000 m above
sea level). Eighteen runners (EXP) were
tested 17 days before four weeks of altitude
CON
EXP
Condition
PRE
ALT
POST
PRE
POST
Urea (mmol/1)
AHR (beats/min)
5.39
16
6.16t
5.57
18
5.34
14
5.88t
14
25t
tGreater than PRE value, P<0.05.
tGreater than PRE value, p<O.Ol.
training (PRE), between weeks 2 to 4 at
altitude (ALT), and 20 days after their return
to sea level (POST). Twenty two performance
matched runners (CON) continued training
at sea level and were tested at the same times
as the EXP group with the exception of ALT
testing. An arterialised capillary blood sample
was obtained after an overnight fast and
analysed for serum urea using a Refletron,
(Manheim Boehringer). Delta heart rate
(AHR) was determined by telemetry immediately on waking.' Data below represent pooled
mean values.
Results-The results are shown in the table.
Conclusions-These data would suggest that
serum urea and AHR increased at altitude.
However, the increases in serum urea must be
considered in light of the possible confounding variables.' The normative data for AHR
when compared with the present data would
also question its sensitivity as an indicator of
overreaching in elite athletes.'
improvements in all fitness parameters in the
RT group. Mean (SEM) differences for
concentric and eccentric moment were 0.11
(0.02) and 0.28 (0.02) Nm/kg for RT
(P<0.05) and -0.06 (0.03) and 0.03 (0.09)
Nm/kg for C (NS) respectively. Mean increase
for RT (AX (SEM)) for vertical jump, broad
jump, sprint time, endurance, and skill were
3.9 (1.1) cm, 9.4 (2.1) cm, 0.23 (0.13) s, 0.45
(0.26) s, and 0.65 (0.19) levels respectively, all
significant at P<0.05. In comparison, in the C
group only skill increased significantly.
Quadriceps strength training superimposed
on normal training had a positive effect on
performance indicators in hockey players.
Stress fracture of the proximal humeral
epiphysis in an elite junior badminton
player
K T BOVD AND M E BATT
1 Bailey DM, et al. Serum urea and heart rate as
markers of training intensity in national standard distance runners at moderate altitude,
(1500-2000 metres) (abstract). European College of Sports Science 1996;1:594-5.
Effect of quadriceps strength training on
performance indicators in hockey
players
F BYRNE, B DONNE, J R ANDREWS
Department ofPhysiology, Trinity College,
Dublin 2, Ireland
Limited research has been carried out on the
effect of resistance training in games players.
This study investigated the effect of a quadriceps strength-training programme in addition
to a normal field training regimen on performance indicators in competitive female hockey
players.
Twenty Irish senior female hockey players
were initially assessed for concentric and
eccentric gravity corrected quadriceps moment (isokinetic dynamometer at 30'/s),
explosive power (10 by 5 m sprint, vertical and
standing broad jump tests), endurance ( 20 m
progressive shuttle test), and skill (hockey
skill/dribbling test). Ten subjects were randomly allocated to resistance training (RT)
and 10 to the control (C) group. The RT
group undertook a supervised quadriceps
resistance training programme, three sets per
week of 20 lifts at 50% of one repetition maximum for six weeks on a quads bench, in addition to their normal field training. The control
group undertook normal field training only.
All subjects were retested at the end of the
experimental period. Results were analysed
using MANOVA. Values of P<0.05 were considered significant.
No significant (P>0.05) pre-experimental
intergroup differences were observed for
anthropometric or fitness data. Quadriceps
resistance training resulted in significant
Centre for Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopaedic
and Accident Surgery, University Hospital,
Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham NG7 2UH
A 15 year old male junior international
badminton player presented with an eight
month history of a painful dominant right
shoulder. This began after an intensive
training camp and became persistent despite
physiotherapy. At presentation, findings were
a full range of movement, anterior tenderness
over the humeral head, and pain on resisted
shoulder movements. Biplanar radiographs of
his shoulder showed widening of the anterolateral aspect of the proximal humeral epiphysis,
representing a stress fracture through the
plate.
Injuries to the proximal humeral epiphysis
are uncommon, accounting for 3% of all
epiphysial injuries and are usually as a result of
acute trauma.' Dotter first reported an
overuse injury in sport affecting the proximal
humeral epiphysis in Little League baseball
pitchers.2 Other cases in baseball and recently
in volleyball have been reported, but this
injury has not been reported in racquet sports.
However, all sports involving repetitive explosive actions of the shoulder are potentially at
risk. Persistent shoulder pain in adolescents
partaking in such sports should indicate the
need for radiography, with comparative films
if necessary. Treatment consists of rest and
rehabilitation but should preferably be prevented. Ultimate fusion of the epiphysis
should offer a favourable long term outcome.3
1 Neer CS, Horwitz BS. Fractures of the proximal
humeral epiphyseal plate. Clin Orthop
1965;41:24-35.
2 Dotter WE. Little League shoulder. A fracture of
the proximal epiphyseal cartilage of the humerus due to baseball pitching. Guthrie Clinical
Bulletin 1953;23:68-72.
3 Gross ML, Flynn M, Sonzogni II. Overworked
shoulders: managing the proximal humeral
physis. Physics ofSports Medicine 1994;22:81-6.
Br Br Sports Med 1997;31:90
90
BMA
British Association of Sport and Medicine
SmM
1P
iinli
Education programme
The foundation course of this programme is the General Sports Medicine
Course designed for medical professionals. Five days PGEA approval are given
for this course.
The interdisciplinary Intermediate Sports Injury Courses concentrate on the
proper examination of normal joints with regard to the diagnosis and management
of sports specific injuries. Five days PGEA approval are given for the Part 1
course and are being sought for the Part 2 course.
The Practical Sport and Medicine Course held at Club La Santa, Lanzarote,
has a curriculum that varies each year and further develops the practical
examination and sporting themes of the intermediate courses. Delegates and
families are welcome.
Forthcoming courses
General Sports Medicine Course (Nearly full)
£350 to £480, Lilleshall Hall National Sports Centre
Intermediate Sports Injury Course-Part 2 (new)
(Nearly full)
£465 to £585, Lilleshall Hall National Sports Centre
Diploma Preparation Course (new),
(PGEA to be sought)
Cost to be confirmed, Royal Hospital Haslar, Hampshire
General Sports Medicine Course (Half full)
£350 to £480, Lilleshall Hall National Sports Centre
Advanced Sports Nutrition Course,
(PGEA to be sought)
Cost, date, and venue to be confirmed
Practical Sport and Medicine Course (Booking)
£355 to £730, Club La Santa, Lnzarote
13-18 April 1997
6-11 July
1-5 September 1997
21-26 September 1997
Sept or Oct 1997
2-9 October 1997
(Residential, non-delegates welcome)
1997 BASM National Congress,
6-9 November 1997
(PGEA being sought) (Booking)
Metropole Hotel, Brighton
Intermediate Sports Injury Course-Part 1
(Booking)
£465 to £585, Lilleshall Hall National Sports Centre
23-28 November 1997
Details of 1998 courses available on request
For further details and application forms please contact the BASM Education
Office, The Anatomy Building, Medical College of St Bartholomew's Hospital,
Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ (tel 0171 253 3244; fax 0171 251
0774; E-mail b.g.hill(mds.qmw.ac.uk).
INSTRUCTIONS TO AUTHORS
Style
The format must be as described in this section, although
for reviews and letters to the Editor the use of subsections
is flexible. Abbreviations should be kept to a minimum
and must always be explained. Drugs must be referred
to by their approved names.
1 Title page: should include the title (not more than 120
characters), a short title for running head, names and affiliations of authors (only one affiliation per author), and the
name,
address, telephone and fax numbers of the
Types of paper
corresponding
Original papers (not normally over 3000 words for full 2 Abstract: mustauthor.
not exceed 300 words and should be sublength accounts of original research); Review articles (up to divided
into
four
sections: Objectives; Methods; Results;
4000 words, providing concise in-depth reviews of both
Conclusions.
not be combined. Statistical
Sections
established and new areas in sports medicine); Editorials values should be givenshould
(confidence intervals preferred).
(these are written or commissioned by the editors, but sug- The abstract should be followed
by up to five key terms.
gestions for possible topics and authors are welcome); 3 Introduction: outline of the background
and rationale of
Short papers (short reports of experimental work, new the
study.
methods, or a preliminary report can be accepted as 2-page 4 Methods: this section should be sufficiently detailed to
papers; maximum length 1400 words including abstract,
the reader to replicate the study. Published methods
tables and legends); Case reports (limited to 850 words, one permit
should
be described in brief, with appropriate citation.
table or figure, a short unstructured abstract, and up to 10 5 Results:
should be concise and should not contain repetireferences); Correspondence (the Editor welcomes letters,
of the methods. Data in the text should not be
which should not exceed 300 words or contain more than tion
replicated in tables or figures or vice versa. SI units should
three references; letters should be typed double spaced be
used, except for fluid pressures which should be in mm
with wide margins and must be signed by all the authors).
Contributions on historical topics or items with a medical Hg.
6 Discussion: a clear distinction should be made between
and sporting interest are welcomed.
deduction and speculation.
7 Acknowledgements, where appropriate.
Manuscripts
The manuscript (four copies) should be double spaced 8 References: the Vancouver style must be used (see papers
throughout on A4 paper using one side only, with margins in this issue) with citations numbered consecutively in the
of at least 30 mm at the sides and at the top and bottom. order in which they appear in the text, tables, and figures.
Authors are asked to submit with their manuscript the List all authors when there are six or fewer; if there are
seven or more, list the first six, followed by et al. Except in
names and addresses of three people who they consider
the
case of review articles the total number of references
would be suitable independent reviewers. They will not
should not exceed 40. Responsibility for completeness and
necessarily be approached to review the paper.
If the manuscript is accepted, both disk and typescript accuracy of references rests entirely with the authors. Refwill be required for the final revised version; typescript erences will not be checked in detail by the Editor but
alone will only suffice if the author has no access to word papers in which errors are detected in the references are
unlikely to be accepted. Submitted work or work in prepaprocessing facilities.
cannot be cited in the reference list.
ration
Manuscripts must be accompanied by a declaration,
signed by all the authors, that the paper is not being 10 Figures and tables. Figures will generally be redrawn or
considered by any other journal and that it has not been relettered to conform with journal style, so they should be
accepted for publication elsewhere. Papers are considered checked carefully by the authors. Figure legends must
always be supplied and must be typed on a separate
on the understanding that they are submitted solely to this
sheet.
Colour illustrations may only be used if monojournal and do not duplicate previously published material.
In cases of doubt, where part of the material has been pub- chrome cannot show what is desired. Authors are responsilished elsewhere, the published material should be ble for part of the cost of colour figures. Use journal style
included with the submitted manuscript to allow the in tables (see any issue). Do not divide tables with rules.
Editor to assess the degree of duplication. All authors must Place brief explanatory legend at the top of the table (not
have participated sufficiently in the work to take public on a separate sheet) and any further necessary clarification
responsibility for the contents (see BMJ 199 1;302:338- at the foot. All tables and figures must be referred to in the
text.
41).
If requested the authors must be prepared to produce Proofs
the data on which the manuscript is based for examination Contributors will receive one proof. Only minor correcby the Editor.
tions can be made. Corrections other than printing errors
Papers reporting results of studies on human subjects may be charged to the author. It is the author's
must be accompanied by a statement that the subjects gave responsibility to return the corrected proofs promptly and
written, informed consent and by evidence of approval in case of absence to ensure that the editorial office knows
from the appropriate ethics committee. Such papers a forwarding address.
should conform to the principles outlined in the DeclaraReprints
tion of Helsinki (BMJ 1964;ii:177).
The Editor cannot enter into correspondence about Reprints will be charged for. The number of reprints
papers rejected as unsuitable for publication, and the Edi- required should be stated on the form provided with the
proof.
tor's decision in these matters is final.
Scope
The British Journal of Sports Medicine covers all aspects of
sports medicine and science - the management of sports
injuries; all clinical aspects of exercise, health, and sport;
exercise physiology and biophysical investigation of sports
performance; sports psychology; physiotherapy and rehabilitation in sport; and medical and scientific support of the
sports coach.