CITATION 560XL
TOWING - GENERAL
1. Scope
A. This chapter describes procedures used in towing and taxiing the airplane.
Observe
local
requirements that involve the operation of taxiing and towing (designated ramps, ramp speed, etc.).
2.
Tools and Equipment
NAME
Tow bar
NUMBER
01-1202-0000
Cable
main gear towing
Tow vehicle
AP8600
towbarless
MANUFACTURER
USE
Tronair
For nose gear towing
South 1740 Eber Rd.
Holland, OH 43528
Commercially Available
For
Lektro Inc.
For electric
1190 SE Tide Ave
towing
Tow Vehicle
towbarless
AP8700
Lektro, Inc
Warrenton, OR 97146
For electric
towing
Tow Vehicle
AP8750A or B
Lektro, Inc
For electric towbarless
towing
3. Definition
A. Towing.
(1)
The airplane can be towed forward or aft, on hard surfaces, using a yoke-type tow bar
attached to the upper fork buckets on the fork assembly. Towing can also be done for fuel loading
with no passengers aboard except for one flight or ground crew member.
(2)
Towing can also be done with the nose wheel properly cradled on the lift platform of the
correct model Lektro tow barless vehicle. The torque links must be disconnected when towing with
the Lektro tow vehicle.
(3)
Towing the airplane with a flat tire is not recommended; however, at times, the airplane
may have to be moved from an active runway or taxiway. Tow the airplane forward a minimum
distance to clear the runway or taxiway and avoid sharp turns. The tire must be considered
destroyed, and the wheel must be inspected in accordance with the manufacturers overhaul manual.
B. Taxiing.
(1)
The airplane can be taxied on hard surface, gravel or sod taxiways and runways. The
airplane is equipped with a nose wheel steering system. When taxiing, the rudder pedal movement
operates the nose steering system.
CAUTION:
WHEN TAXIING WITH A FLAT TIRE, DO NOT USE EXCESSIVE ENGINE
THRUST. MONITOR THE INTERTURBINE TEMPERATURE (ITT) INDICATOR FOR POSSIBLE
ENGINE OVERTEMPERATURE.
(2)
Taxiing the airplane with a flat tire is not recommended; however, under emergency
conditions, the airplane may be taxied a short distance to clear the active runway or taxiway.
TOWING - PRACTICES
1. General
A. Towing of the airplane is normally accomplished through the nose gear upper fork buckets (located
on the fork assembly), using a yoke-type tow bar and a tow vehicle or towbarless vehicle (limited
airplane weight) with the nose wheel on the lift platform.
(1)
During the towing operation, the vehicle operator must ensure that the turning limits of
the nose gear are not exceeded. Exceeding the turning angle will shear the steering gear attaching
bolts.
(2)
During nose gear wheel towing, all turning is accomplished through the tow bar or
towbarless vehicle.
(3)
If the airplane is off the runway or taxiway in sand, soft ground or mud, towing may be
accomplished with the aid of cables or ropes attached to each main gear towing adapter. When
towing is accomplished by attaching cables or ropes to the main landing gear assemblies, steering is
accomplished through the rudder pedals.
.
B. A qualified person may be stationed in the airplane during towing operations to be prepared for
hazardous conditions as follows:
(1)
Tow bar breaks or becomes detached between the airplane and the towing vehicle.
CITATION 560XL
(2)
In congested areas, station wing and/or tail walkers to ensure adequate clearance between
airplane and adjacent equipment and structures.
C.
Safety Precautions for Towing
CAUTION:
THE MAXIMUM NOSE GEAR TOWING TURNING ANGLE LIMIT IS 90
DEGREES EITHER SIDE OF CENTER. NOSE GEAR FORCED BEYOND THE TOWING STOP (90DEGREE LIMIT) WILL SHEAR BOLTS ATTACHING STEERING GEAR ASSEMBLY TO
CYLINDER.
CAUTION: WHEN TOWING THE AIRPLANE, ENSURE THE RECOMMENDED TOWBARLESS
VEHICLE IS USED. ALSO TO ENSURE INTEGRITY OF THE TOWBAR FOR OPERATIONAL USE,
PERFORM A PERIODIC INSPECTION OF THE TOWBAR FOR CRACKS AND CONDITION.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
Ensure the tow bar and vehicle or towbarless vehicle are secured properly to the airplane.
Do not operate engine(s) during towing operations.
Always tow the aircraft at a walking speed, avoiding quick stops and starts.
Always utilize someone walking at each wing tip and tail section to guard against collision.
Maintain visual or communication contact between walking crew members(s) and the brake/
vehicle operator(s).
(5) Do not turn nose gear beyond black turn limit decals while towing. Turning beyond 90 degrees
can damage nose gear turning stop.
NOTE: If the turn limit decals -are chipped, worn or deteriorated, they should be replaced. Refer to
Chapter 11, Exterior Placards and Markings, Figure 1.
(6)
Never permit anyone to enter or leave the airplane or ride on the external portions of the
airplane while it is moving.
(7)
Remove tail stand prior to winching (pulling airplane on to lift platform) or towing.
(8)
Remove chocks just prior to winching (pulling airplane on to lift platform) or towing.
CITATION 560XL
(9)
Disconnect grounding cable prior to towing.
(10) Raise main entrance door out of the full extended position prior to towing to provide adequate
ground clearance during towing. After towing operation, ensure entrance door is fully extended
prior to stepping on the door.
(11) When disconnecting the tow bar, do not allow tow bar to fall on the nose gear fork.
2.
Tools and Equipment
A.
3.
For tools and equipment, refer to General - Towing and Taxiing.
Tow bar Draw Force
A. Tow bar draw force for the Model 560 Excel airplane is 1,200 pounds under the following
conditions:
(1) Ramp - smooth concrete surface which is dry, clean and level within two degrees.
(2) Airplane Weight - empty weight plus full fuel.
(3) Wind - airplane towed into 16-knot (gust 25 knots) wind.
B. The tow bar draw force (1,200 pounds) represents the minimum amount of force required to
initially move the airplane with the above conditions. This tow bar draw force can increase with
different conditions such as: rough surface or sod, uphill/downhill gradient and improperly serviced
tires.
4.
Nose Gear/Main Gear Towing
NOTE: It is permissible to disconnect the nose gear torque links and tie them up to clear each other and
the tire. The nose wheel then may be rotated beyond the black limit marks, and eliminate the fear of
damaging the nose gear centering mechanism or steering stops.
A.
Nose Gear Tow bar Towing (Refer to Figure 201 and Figure 202).
(1)
Attach and secure tow bar to upper fork buckets on nose landing gear.
(2)
Connect tow bar to towing vehicle.
(3)
Station person in pilot's seat.
CITATION 560XL
NOTE: The airplane may be towed without entering the airplane if the parking brake is not set. Towing
can be accomplished with the control locks engaged. When towing the airplane with the control locks
engaged, to prevent unnecessary loads on the control system, limit the nose wheel turning angle to
approximately 60 degrees. When extreme turning angles are required, release the control lock system.
(4)
Ensure that wheel chocks, tail stand, static ground cables and mooring ropes are removed.
(5)
Disengage control lock.
(6)
Disengage parking brake.
(7)
If area is congested, station wing and/or tail walkers to check clearance between airplane
and adjacent equipment or structures.
CAUTION:
DO NOT TURN NOSE LANDING GEAR WHEEL BEYOND 90 DEGREES FROM
CENTERED POSITION IN EITHER DIRECTION OR DAMAGE TO THE TURNING STOP WILL
RESULT.
(8)
Tow airplane, making smooth starts and stops with towing vehicle.
(9)
When towing operation is complete, engage parking brake, lock controls, chock wheels,
connect static ground cables and remove tow bar from airplane. Also, connect the nose gear torque
links if they were disconnected.
B. Nose Gear Tow barless Towing (Refer to Figure 201 and Figure 202).
(1)
Wrap the winch strap around the nose gear strut just above the fork. (2) Station person in
pilot's seat.
NOTE: The airplane may be towed without entering the airplane if the parking brake is not set. Towing
can be accomplished with the control locks engaged. When towing the airplane with the control locks
engaged to prevent unnecessary loads on the control system. limit the nose wheel turning angle to
approximately 60 degrees. When extreme turning angles are required, release the control locks system.
(3)
Ensure that wheel chocks, tail stand, static ground cables and mooring ropes are removed.
(4)
Disengage control lock.
(5)
Disengage parking brake.
(6)
Winch nose gear on to towbarless vehicle lift platform and secure following specific
Lektro electric towbarless vehicle model - Aircraft
CITATION 560XL
Towing Procedures. Refer to Lektro Operations, Service and Parts Manual.
(7)
If area is congested, station wing and/or tail walkers to check clearance between airplane
and adjacent equipment or structures.
(8)
Tow airplane, making smooth starts and stops with towing vehicle.
(9)
When towing operation is complete, center nose wheel, remove nose wheel from lift
platform, engage parking brake, lock controls chock wheels and connect static ground cables. Also
connect the nose gear torque links if they were disconnected.
C.
Main Gear Towing.
(1)
Station person in pilot's seat.
(2)
Install towing adapters on main gear.
NOTE: Use care to prevent crushing of wiring brake plumbing or linkage rods in the area.
CAUTION:
DO NOT WRAP CABLES AROUND MAIN GEAR. USE TOWING ADAPTERS
WHEN ATTACHING TOW CABLES TO MAIN GEAR TRUNNIONS.
(3)
Attach two cables to towing adapters and towing vehicle. Ensure cables are of sufficient
length to clear airplane, and that towing vehicle is on hard surface.
(4)
Remove wheel chocks, mooring cables, static ground cables, parking brakes and control
lock. (5) Steer the airplane with the rudder pedals. Brake airplane smoothly and evenly using
airplane brakes.
(6)
When towing is complete, center nose wheel, lock controls, set parking brakes, chock
airplane wheels and connect static ground cables.
(7)
Disconnect tow cables and remove towing adapters.
CITATION 560XL
CITATION 560XL