Advanced Contact Technology
Test & Measureline
Test & Measurement
Safe Testing and Measuring
According to IEC/EN 61010-031
A brief guide to electrical
testing and measuring
(with special regard to safety at work)
O
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3 – 8
Content
9 – 12
EN 61010-031
Introduction
Safety at Work
Test Categories
(according to IEC/EN 61010-031)
CAT III
CAT IV
Amendments to the Standard
IEC/EN 61010-031 (2002 / 2008);
Examples for Special Insulation Requirements
Special aspects of measuring and answers
to frequently asked questions (FAQ)
27 – 46
13 – 17
CAT II
18 – 26
CAT I
Glossary
Glossary with explanation
of terms relating to measuring and our test
accessories
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Introduction
We frequently receive inquiries about safety issues and the compatibility of our test accessories with existing standards.
From this we conclude that there is a need to supply information on this not always straightforward subject, and hope that this guide ”Safe Testing and Measuring” will provide some
useful hints that will assist you in the choice and use of the right test accessories and to keep
you informed of changes to IEC/EN 61010-031 which is the most important standard for the
safe operation of electrical measuring equipment.
EN 61010-031
Most important Safety Standard for
electrotechnical Test Accessories
The middle part of this publication provides information on special aspects of measuring
(Kelvin measurement, frequency dependence of the rated voltage etc.) while its final part
contains a glossary with explanations of terms related to testing and measurement and to
our test accessories.
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Safety at Work
Safety at Work
The highest possible standard of safety when using electrical test accessories must be the
ultimate goal – for you the user and for us the producer.
It is self-evident that safe working with electrical test accessories requires technical knowledge.
U=R*I
Obligatory: Technical knowledge
To avoid accidents, it is also important, when making a choice of test accessories, to take into
consideration the specific situation in which they will be used.
The choice of Test Accessories should be wellconsidered
Users of test accessories should familiarise themselves with the points presented on the
following pages before they begin work.
Which parameters are to be measured and how
is the point of measurement accessed?
Practical considerations for the performance of the measuring task: Geometry of the test
connection, use of solely hand-held test accessories (clips, probes etc.) or installation of
special adapters.
U=?
I=?
What voltages and currents can occur, ie. are the
rated values sufficient for the envisaged applications of the test accessories?
The test accessories should be rated for voltages and currents that are at least as high as the
highest expected voltages and currents. The rated values of our test accessories are stated in
the catalogue wherever possible, and marked on the products.
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1000 V
CAT IV
RZ
Observe data on products and/or on documents
supplied with them (e.g. package leaflets) !
In certain cases, however, the space on the products is insufficient. They are then marked
, which indicates documentation supplied with the accessory. You will
with the symbol
find the number of the relevant document (RZ....) in the catalogue next to the product description.
At what point in the mains supply will the measurement be taken?
The user must know exactly where in the installation (in the mains supply) he will be working.
The hazards that may occur depend very much on the location within the installation.
What are the environmental conditions of the
object under test? What pollution is expected in
the planned application?
The working environment in which the equipment is to be used must be considered. Users
should consider whether the accessories are likely to be exposed to moisture or pollution.
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A prerequisite for ensuring safety is normal use
of the test accessories
Normal use means, for example, observing the safe handling areas on probes, grips etc. Misuse or the use of damaged products means an elevated, unpredictable safety risk.
§
The safety at work is the primary responsibility
of the user!
We wish to state however that the safety at work is the primary responsibility of the user, who
must ensure that appropriate test accessories for the application are being used (normally). In
general, the following equation is valid:
Test Accessories + correct use
= Safety at work
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Dangers in case of inadequate fuse protection
Measurements on circuits with a high level of energy, eg. on the input side of an electrical
installation, require an extremely high standard of safety. The employed test instruments and
the accessories should therefore incorporate effective measures against high short-circuit
currents.
Depending on the energy level in the circuit undergoing measurement, the consequences of a short
circuit can be catastrophic.
The use of high breaking capacity fuses
In high-energy low-voltage systems it is advisable to use high breaking capacity (HBC) fuses
in order to avoid unforeseeable consequences in the event of short circuits.
High breaking capacity fuses are able to disconnect even extremely high short-circuit currents of up to many thousands of amperes.
High breaking capacity fuses can be integrated into test probes or connecting clips, fitted
in the measuring circuit by means of fuse adapters, or, as in the case of our new fused test
leads, incorporated into the test lead. Besides ease of handling, fused leads have the advantage of allowing standard connecting clips, probes and adapters to be used for protected
measurements.
Our articles that can be equipped with high breaking capacity fuses are shown on the following page.
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Examples of test accessories that can be equipped with high breaking capacity
fuses
PF/S4-10x38-S
PF/S4-BS-10x38-S
GRIP-DI
FLU-11
XSM...-419
DMI-...A
Probes, clips and adapters that can be equipped with high breaking capacity fuses and our new fused test
lead XSM..-419.
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Measurement Categories according to IEC/EN 61010-031
To facilitate the assignment of test accessories to the appropriate applications, standard IEC/
EN 61010-031 has established a number of categories which define where they can be used
in the power supply network and to lay down appropriate requirements for each category.
Formerly (until 2002), the measurement categories now defined in standard IEC/EN 61010031 were designated as overvoltage categories. This term originated from the fact that the
classification was based primarily upon the overvoltages (surges) that were likely to occur in
the mains supply.
Actually the measurement categories differ not so much in the level of the expected transient
values as with regard to the available energy in each test category in the event of a short
circuit.
In a higher measurement category more energy can be released than in a lower one, with
results that may even have an explosive like character with very serious consequences for
the user.
In standard EN 61010-031 there are four different test categories, abbreviated “CAT”. The
category CAT followed by a number from I to IV is stated in our catalogues with the rated
voltage, and also marked on the products.
As a general rule, the higher the CAT rating, the higher the safety requirement that applies to
the product. One exception is CAT I, page 10.
CAT I
CAT II
CAT III
CAT IV
Overview of measurement categories according to IEC/EN 61010-031 (VDE 0411-031)
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Measurement Category CAT I
Applies to test objects that are not connected to the mains. Here, either no overvoltages occur or only quite specific ones which are not, however, specified in the insulation coordination. In order to establish the requirements for this CAT, it is therefore necessary to know what
overvoltages can occur.
From now on, CAT I will also include all test objects that cannot be assigned to CAT II to CAT
IV. Renaming as 0 or CAT 0 may be considered in future.
Inside battery-operated electronic equipment or inside devices in which voltages are
generated.
Measurement in motor vehicle
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Measurement Category CAT II
Applies to measurements on equipment that is connected to the mains or supplied from the
mains without constituting a part of the mains installation.
Electrical equipment between appliance and power socket, or inside electrical equipment such as domestic appliances (Repair shops).
Electrical laboratory in training establishment and test connection in electronic device
Measurement Category CAT III
Applies to measurements inside the house or building installation.
Installations in buildings, contactors, protective devices, switches, power sockets (electricians).
Measurements in fuse boxes and switch boxes
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Measurement Category CAT IV
Applies to measurements at the supply source of the installation (input side).
Secondary side of medium-voltage transformers, electricity meters, connection to overhead lines (employees of power distribution companies).
House junction box and examples of measuring accessories for CAT IV
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Examples for Special Insulation Requirements
In the latest version of Standard IEC/EN 61010-031 (of 2008), more stringent requirements
have been introduced for the insulation of parts which may be used in higher measuring
categories.
For example, irrespective of the probability of touching, IEC/EN 61010-031 requires handheld and hand-operated accessories to have an insulation that effectively prevents touching
(IP2X) and provides base insulation or double or reinforced insulation. We strictly adhere to
the provisions of this standard.
In the following we show examples of the concrete effects which the new standard requirements have upon the classification of a number of our products (year of amendment to
standard in brackets):
■■ Unmated plug connectors, eg. stackable plugs (2002), page 14
■■ Plugs with retractable sleeves (2002), page 15
■■ Exposed conductive parts of probe tips (2008), page 16
■■ Parts of test clips that can be touched (2008), page 17
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Unmated plug connectors
Section 6.4.1: ...Connectors
“...c) Unmated plug connectors:
i) It must not be possible to touch dangerously live parts of unmated plug connectors.
ii) When in the unmated state, the dangerously live parts of a socket incorporated into a stackable plug connector must be separated from the touchable parts by clearances and creepage
distances that have been calculated for the base insulation.”
“The requirements in c) do not apply to connectors that can be locked by a latch or screw device or to connectors forming part of a test accessory whose touchable current is limited by a
protective impedance.”
One product line affected by these tighter regulations is the series of test leads with stackable
plugs SLK4..-E...
This is due to the need to observe a minimum creepage distance in the tap socket. For 1000
V, CAT III, this socket would now have to be recessed to a depth of 8 mm, so that a plug
inserted into it would be effectively unable to make proper contact. These products have
therefore been downgraded to 1000V, CAT II or 600 V, CAT III.
1000 V, CAT II
600 V, CAT III
SLK4075-E/N
SLK410-E/SIL
SLK425-E
SLK425-E/N
SLS425-SE/M
SLS425-SE/Q
SLS425-SE/Q/N
Creepage distance
Section 6.4:
...Protection against electric shock
“Covers and sleeves which be removed by the user without the use of a tool are not deemed
to be a sufficient protection against electric shock, except in the case of parts that are not
intended to be hand-held or hand-manipulated by the user (see note 4).”
“Note 4: The sole acceptable utilisation are cases in which they are needed in order to connect with apparatus that is not (yet) equipped with terminals that can accept fully insulated
connectors.”, Page 15.
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Plugs with retractable sleeves
Plugs with retractable sleeves may no longer carry dangerous voltages when in hand-held
use. The rated voltages of such articles have therefore been reduced to 30 VAC ~ 60 VDC.
30 VAC / 60 VAC
SLS425-ZL
SLS425-ZL/M3
ZGL-410
ZGL-425
Only leads used as adapter leads for connection to apparatus not (yet) equipped with safety
sockets may still be fitted with retractable-sleeve plugs at the end connecting to the apparatus. At the other end, where hand-held probes or test clips are plugged on, these leads must
be equipped with a plug of the safety system with a fixed insulating sleeve.
Never fit hand-held probes or test clips onto the retractable-sleeve plug!
The rated voltage of the plug at the end connecting with the apparatus is also determined
by the possible clearance and creepage distances. In order to increase these distances and
permit these adapter leads to be used for higher voltages, we have provided our latest retractable-sleeve plugs with a protective collar. This has enabled us to increase the rated voltage
to 600 V, CAT II.
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Exposed conductive parts of probe tips
The length of exposed conductive parts of probe tips will in future be limited to:
■■ Max. 19 mm within CAT I and CAT II
(Exception: max. 80 mm within CAT I with very low energy levels)
■■ Max. 4 mm within CAT III and CAT IV
(Reason: to avoid bridging two busbars and create a short circuit.)
SPP4
SPP4-L
BT400
PP-130
XSAP-4
Examples for test probes and their rated voltage
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Parts of test clips that can be touched
Within the Measurement Categories CAT II, CAT III and CAT IV applies: Hazardous live parts
of a crocodile or similar clip shall not be accessible when closed.
XKK-1001
XDK-1033/I-2
SAGK-K
AB200
Examples for test clips and their rated voltage
No longer permitted!
X
CAT II
CAT III
CAT IV
Standard test finger (here a jointed test finger) contacts hazardous live parts of the clip in closed condition:
Use in CAT II, III and IV not permitted!
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Special aspects of measuring / FAQ
Rated voltage in a three phase mains circuit
Example of a frequently asked question concerning the use of test accessories:
“Why can I use test accessories rated for 300 V in a three phase mains circuit of 230/400 V?”
Answer:
Within low voltage mains circuits the user is to be seen as being connected to ground, same
as the neutral conductor in a three phase circuit and the fact that the safety requirements for
test accessories are laid down for the safety of the user.
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Principle of the Four-Wire or Kelvin Measurement
A defined current Iconstant flows through the
resistance R, coming from a constant current
source. The voltage U over the resistance R can be very accurately measured, as
due to the high inner resistance of the voltmeter, the voltage drop on the circuits can be disregarded (see sketch). According to Ohm’s law
R = U / Iconstant.
XDK-KELVIN
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Touch-protected Probes and Accessories with High Dielectric Strength
The casings of mains-powered oscilloscopes can become live with dangerous voltages, if,
for instance, the protective conductor is interrupted. Persons carrying out measurements
then run the risk of an electric shock on touching bare metal parts. In such cases, adequate
protection from accidents is assured only with the use of touch-protected test equipment in
association with touch-protected test accessories.
Touch-protected and at the same time shielded test accessories are also of increasing importance because the EMC directive prescribes shielded leads for many applications.
For safe use in the high-frequency range, our passive oscilloscope probes of the Isoprobe
series and the push-on accessories are rated for voltages to earth of up to max. 1000 V,
CAT II, (Isoprobe II) resp. 1000 V, CAT III / 600 V, CAT IV (Isoprobe III) and are designed
with clearance and creepage distances in accordance with the strict requirements of IEC/EN
61010-031.
The probes Isoprobe and their push-on accessories are designed for voltages up to a maximum of 1000 Vr.m.s. between the internal conductor and shield – substantially higher than in
conventional oscilloscope probes. This high dielectric strength allows high-frequency signals
to be measured even when there is a direct mains connection.
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Top Quality BNC Safety Plug Connectors
In addition to our probes Isoprobe and the push-on accessories, with our BNC safety plug
connectors we also supply a high-quality touch-protected BNC plug connection system to
complete our safety high-frequency programme that is rated for voltages up to 1000 V, CAT
II to earth and meets also the requirements of IEC/EN 61010-031.
This tried and tested BNC plug connector system has a long life of approximately 5000 connecting cycles. The shielded BNC test leads are highly flexible and are available with PVC and
silicone insulation in a choice of colours.
All touch-protected BNC plug connectors are compatible with conventional BNC connectors.
With such combinations, however, the 1000 V touch protection no longer applies to the
whole system.
Test leads with touch-protected BNC plugs can be connected to devices with insulated and conventional
BNC sockets.
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Frequency dependence of the rated voltage
As a result of the capacitative coupling between the shield and the „world outside“ (e.g. a
person touching the probe) the rated voltage shield / ground is frequency-dependent. As the
frequency rises, the rated voltage falls until it approaches a lower limit (left curve). The rated
voltage inner conductor/shield falls exponentially with rising frequencies as a result of the
capacitative properties of the probe and the limitation of the current due to the characteristics
of the components (right curve). The overall result is a fall in the rated voltage in accordance
with the curve at the bottom. The curves in this example are for the test probe Isoprobe II
- ECO.
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Probes – essential equipment for oscilloscopes
The oscilloscope is one of the most important test instruments in electronics. Constant development has substantially enhanced the performance of these devices and expanded their
range of applications. In order to display a test signal on these instruments, an electrical
connection must be established between the oscilloscope and the object under test. The aim
in establishing such a connection is to transmit the signal from the point of measurement
to the oscilloscope with a minimum of distortion. Here, various factors must be taken into
consideration which call for the use of special probes. Probe systems are broadly classified
into passive and active types.
Test conditions
Input impedance
Every oscilloscope has an input impedance which may be high or low [50 Ω]. In the case of
a high-impedance oscilloscope, the input impedance consists of a real component, generally
1 MΩ, and a capacitative component of around 8 – 30 pF.
Vertical scaling
The maximum vertical scaling of an oscilloscope is usually 10 V/div, which means that a
maximum amplitude of 80 Vss can be displayed. For the measurement of larger voltage amplitudes, a voltage divider is required.
Practicability
In electrical testing it is often necessary to quickly tap off signals from different points. In this
situation, time-consuming plugged, soldered or screwed connections are not practicable.
Outside interference
In order to eliminate outside interference, the system consisting of the probe and lead must
be of coaxial design.
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Principle of a passive, high-impedance probe
The example shows a probe with a dividing ratio of 10:1. This enables signals up to 800 Vss
to be visualised. As a result of the capacitative component of the scope’s input impedance
and the capacity of the coaxial lead, it has the drawback of a frequency dependence which
must be compensated (Cv and Ckomp). The input impedance of the probe is thus 10 MΩ || Cin.
In probes of this type a typical value for Cin is around 10 – 15 pF (including stray capacities).
Schematic diagram of a passive 10:1 test probe
Limits to the use of passive probes
Today there are many suppliers of passive probes with bandwidths of up to 500 MHz. When
using these probes at frequencies above 20 MHz, however, one should bear in mind the influence exerted on the test object by their input impedance.
At a frequency of 100 MHz, the passive probe shown in the example has an impedance of
only 100 – 150 Ω. This already causes distortion of a signal from a 50 Ω-source. In order to
reduce this distortion, the capacities of the coaxial lead and the scope must be reduced. This
is virtually impossible. However, there is another solution: An impedance converter needs to
be installed directly after the divider in order to decouple it from the following components.
In this situation an active probe may be of help.
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Active test probes
The active test probe has the crucial advantage of an extremely low input capacitance. Thus
the input impedance is almost purely resistive and the load upon the point of measurement
is small even at high frequencies. Its main field of application is where there is a need for the
undistorted display of steep signal pulses.
Active test probe,
low input capacitance
Passive test probe,
high input capacitance
Left illustration:
High impedance with little effect on the test signal. Very clean square waveform.
Right illustration:
Low impedance at high frequencies distorts input signal: square-wave pulse with clearly visible
overshoots.
The difference in the two signal traces shown here is due solely to the different capacities of the active
and passive test probe.
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As a result of the smaller capacitance, the inductive effect of the earth lead remains small so
that longer earth leads can be used. With a passive test probe, even with short earth leads
distortions in the pulse gradient or even retroactive influences on the test signals would already occur at a relatively high source impedance.
A further advantage is the possibility, with a standardised output impedance (e. g. 50 Ω), of
working with instruments other than oscilloscopes. Here, passive test probes already come
up against the limit of their applications.
With a spectrum analyser and an active test probe, for instance, measurements can be carried out at almost any point in a circuit. Here it must be kept in mind that the dynamic range
of a spectrum analyser of more than 100 dB, based on 50 Ω, cannot be attained with an
active test probe based on an impedance of 1 MΩ, if only because of the stronger coupling
of interference signals.
An assessment, for instance, of where the signal limitation has occurred in a multi-stage
amplifier is effected at a level above -40 dBm and can be carried out more quickly and more
easily.
A drawback of active test probes is the limited voltage range of ±15 V, the maximum permitted voltage being less than 50 V.
Active test probes generally consists of voltage dividers on the input side, low-capacity FETs
and further amplifier stages (impedance converters). As a result, they require a power supply.
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Glossary
Accessible (of a part) (according to IEC/EN 61010-031)
Able to be touched with a standard test finger or test pin.
see also “Standard test finger”, page 44.
Adjustment
Adjustment, setting or trimming are operations to establish and maintain the serviceability of
technical plant and equipment. In the case of measuring equipment the term “calibration” is
used if adjustment is effected in relation to a reference value, or “official verification” if the
calibration has a legal status.
see also “Compensation”, page 29.
Assembly Instructions
Assembly instructions are available for all non-assembled items giving instructions on assembly and any tooling which may be required. These instructions are available on request.
When ordering, please state the appropriate number which can be found directly next to the
item (e.g. for item SLK425-L please quote MA 106). You can also download the assembly
instructions as pdf files from our Internet home page: www.multi-contact.com.
AWG (American Wire Gauge)
The appropriate measurement can be found in the technical data section of the multistrand
wire chapter next to the cross sectional area, mm².
2
0,10
0,15
27 26 25
0,25
24
23 22
0,50
0,75
21 20 19 18
1,0
17
1,5
2,0 2,5
16 15 14
13
4,0
12
11
6,0
10
9
10
8
7
16
6
5
25
4
35
50
70
[mm ]
95
3
2
1 1/0 2/0 3/0 4/0
AWG (American Wire Gauge)
Barrier (according to IEC/EN 61010-031)
Part providing protection against direct contact from any usual direction of access.
Basic insulation
Basic insulation is the insulation applied to live parts to provide basic protection against electric shock, eg. the failure of the basic insulation could cause the risk of electric shock.
Basic insulation may serve also for functional purposes.
BG
see “Employers liability insurance associations”, page 31.
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BGETF
The employers liability insurance association Electricity Textile Light Engineering (BGETF
from German “Berufsgenossenschaft Elektro Textil Feinmechanik”) was created on 1 January 2008 by the amalgamation of the former light engineering and electrical engineering
insurance association and the textile and garment insurance association. The use of MC
products (electrical engineering industry) thus falls within the competence of BGETF.
see also “Employers liability insurance associations”, page 31.
BGFE
see BGETF, page 28
BGV
Regulations of the employers liability insurance associations (BGV from German “Berufs­
genossenschaftliche Vorschriften”).
see also “Employers liability insurance associations”, page 31.
Breakdown voltage
The breakdown voltage is the term used for the voltage needed to make current flow through
an insulator. A dielectric puncture then occurs.
see also “Dielectric strength”, page 30.
see also “Flashover voltage”, page 32.
CEN
The European Committee for Standardization (contraction CEN, derived from the French designation Comité Européen de Normalisation) is responsible for European Standardization in
all technical areas without electrical egineering and telecommunications.
see also “CENELEC”, page 28.
see also “EN”, page 31.
see also “ETSI”, page 31.
CENELEC
The European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization (contraction CENELEC, derived from the French designation Comité Européen de Normalisation Électrotechnique) is
responsible for European Standardization in the area of electrical egineering.
see also “CEN”, page 28.
see also “EN”, page 31.
see also “ETSI”, page 31.
CE label
All articles within our product groups Test & Measureline and HFline with a rated voltage
greater than 30 VAC / 60 VDC conform to the low-voltage directive 2006/95/EC of the European Union, and are marked with CE label in the case of ready-to-use articles.
Clearance (according to IEC/EN 61010-031, modified)
Clearance is the shortest distance through air between live parts.
In test accessories, clearance means the shortest distance through air, in normal use, between a live part and a part of the user’s body.
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Colour Variations
Due to the use of high-grade types of insulating materials, despite having the same colour
code some of our articles may exhibit certain differences in colour (e.g. a silicone-insulated
lead fitted with TPE-insulated plugs).
Compensation
When using our oscilloscope probes Isoprobe, for an accurate indication of the measuring
signal, it is necessary to adjust the capacity of the probe to the input capacity of the oscilloscope. For this purpose the 10:1 and 100:1 probes have an adjustment screw. The probe is
connected to the oscilloscope and the tip to the reference calibration signal of the oscilloscope. The adjustment screw is turned until the oscilloscope shows an exact square wave.
Under compensated
Over compensated
Correctly compensated
Connecting cycles
refer to plugging-and-unplugging cycles of plug connectors and plug devices. One plugging /
unplugging operation is a connection cycle.
Contact carrier
is a part made of insulating material for holding and positioning the contact elements in the
plug connector.
Contact resistance
is the resistance occuring at the contact point of two contact areas. Its value is calculated
with the measured voltage drop and the rated current in new condition.
Contact surfaces
Because the surfaces of solids are always rough in the physical sense, it is important to
achieve a contact surface that is as smooth and metallically pure as possible and affords a
large number of contact points in the contact zone. The condition of the contact surfaces has
a decisive influence on the contact resistance.
Creepage currents
Creepage currents on the surface of an insulator are created due to perspiration, condensation, pollution or the very small conductivity of the insulating material itself when a voltage
is applied.
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Creepage distance (according to IEC/EN 61010-031, modified)
Creepage distance is the shortest distance between live parts, measured along the surface
of the insulator.
In test accessories, creepage distance means the shortest distance, in normal use, along the
surface of an insulating material between a live part and a part of the user’s body.
Cu cable
Copper cable.
Dielectric strength
Measure of the electrical strength of a material as an insulator, stated in kV/mm.
DIN
The German Standards Institute DIN “Deutsches Institut für Normung e. V.” represents German interests in the international/European standards organisations (ISO and CEN and the
electrical engineering organisations IEC and CENELEC). The way in which the standards are
created is intended to ensure that their contents and procedures are in conformity with the
generally recognised rules of technology.
Divider probe
Divider probes are probes provided with an integrated voltage divider (e.g. 10:1) in order to
extend the measuring range in accordance with the dividing ratio.
see also “Oscilloscope probe”, page 38.
DKE
DKE, Deutsche Kommission Elektrotechnik Elektronik Informationstechnik im DIN, page
30 und VDE, page 46, is the organisation responsible in Germany for drawing up standards and safety regulations in the fields of electrical engineering, electronics and information technology. It is the German member in IEC, page 34, CENELEC, page 28 und ETSI,
page 31.
Double insulation (according to IEC/EN 61010-031)
Insulation comprising both basic insulation and supplementary insulation.
The purpose of double insulation is that in the event of one of the two layers being
damaged, the second layer still ensures the full insulating capability against the rated
voltage. For double and reinforced insulation the creepage and clearance distances are
twice as large as for basic insulation. In older MC catalogues, double-insulated articles
are identified with . In future, the symbol
will be dropped for test accessories.
ELV
Extra-Low Voltage
see “Extra-Low Voltage”, page 31.
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Employers liability insurance associations
The employers liability insurance associations (BG from German “Berufsgenossenschaften”)
are the providers of statutory accident insurance for German private companies and their
employees. One of their tasks is to prevent accidents at work and occupational diseases and
to prevent work-related health hazards. The employers liability associations issue accident
prevention regulations (BGV) and observe their observance and implementation.
EN
The European Norms (EN) are rules which have been ratified by one of three European committees for standardisation „European Committee for Standardization“ (CEN, page 28),
„European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization“ (CENELEC, page 28) or „European Telecommunications Standards Institute“ (ETSI, page 31). All EN norms are established by means of a public standardisation process.
Enclosure (according to IEC/EN 61010-031)
Part providing protection of equipment against certain external influences and, in any direction, protection against direct contact.
ETSI
The European Telecommunications Standards Institute is responsible for European Standardization in the area of telecommunications.
see also “CEN”, page 28.
see also “CENELEC”, page 28.
see also “EN”, page 31.
Extra high voltage
In power engineering the term “extra high voltage” is used for the upper high-voltage range
(typically from 220 kV). Extra high voltages are used for power supplies to wide areas, grids
for the interregional exchange of energy and for the connection of large power stations.
see also “Medium voltage”, page 36.
see also “High voltage”, page 33.
Extra-Low Voltage
In electrical engineering, the term “Extra-Low Voltage” is used for voltages up to 50 VAC or
120 VAC, whose low level provides special protection against electric shock compared with
high-voltage electrical circuits. A distinction is also made between the terms “Protective Extra-Low Voltage” and “Functional Extra-Low Voltage”, which are in most cases abbreviated
with their initial letters:
SELV = Safety Extra-Low Voltage
PELV = Protective Extra-Low Voltage
FELV = Functional Extra-Low Voltage
see also “Low voltage”, page 36.
Fall time
see “Rise time”, page 42.
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FELV
Functional Extra-Low Voltage
see also “Extra-Low Voltage”, page 31.
Flashover voltage
is the voltage at which a flash-over occurs along the insulating surface of a piece of electrical
equipment.
see also “Breakdown voltage”, page 28.
Generally recognised rules of technology
The (generally) recognised rules of technology are technological rules or technology clauses
for the design and construction of built or technical objects. They are rules proven on the
basis of long-standing practical experience which are recognised in science as theoretically
correct and are firmly established and generally known to technologists trained in accordance with the state of the art. The generally recognised rules of technology are not identical
with standards.
Gold plating
Gold has good electrical conductivity and affords unexcelled corrosion protection. Contact
resistance is low and constant. A nickel or copper layer is applied as diffusion barrier.
Hand-held Test Accessories
Particular attention with regard to safety should be given to test accessories with which the
operator comes into direct contact. IEC/EN 61010-031 addresses these requirements with
regard to hand-held test accessories. The standard prescribes, inter alia, that parts which
can carry a higher voltage than 30 VAC or 60 VDC must as a general rule be classified as
hazardous and must therefore be adequately insulated so that no live parts can be touched.
Hazard (according to IEC/EN 61010-031)
Potential source of harm.
Hazardous live (according to IEC/EN 61010-031)
Capable of rendering an electric shock or electric burn in normal condition or single fault
condition.
Hazardous voltage
see “Hazardous live”, page 32.
HBC fuse
see “High breaking capacity fuse”, page 33.
Heavy-current installation
Heavy-current installations according to DIN VDE 0100-200 are electrical installations with
equipment for the generation, transformation, storage, transmission, distribution and consumption of electrical energy for the purpose of performing work (mechanical work, generation of heat and light etc.). The counterpart to heavy-current installations are “information”
or “communication” installations (telephone installations, antenna installations for radio and
television etc.).
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High breaking capacity fuse
High breaking capacity (HBC) fuses can safely break currents of up to tens of thousands of
amperes. Our fused test leads can be equipped with HBC fuses.
see also “The use of high breaking capacity fuses”, page 7.
high integrity (according to IEC/EN 61010-031)
Not liable to become defective in such a manner as to cause a risk of hazard; a high integrity
part is considered as not subject to failure when tests under fault conditions are made.
High voltage
An electric potential above 1,000 VAC or 1,500 VAC is generally designated as high voltage.
In the VDE regulations, voltages up to 1 kV are uniformly classified as low voltage and those
above 1 kV as high voltage. In electrical energy technology it is customary to divide the
high voltage range into various subcategories such as “medium voltage”, “high voltage” and
“extra high voltage”, although the boundaries between them are not uniformly fixed. In this
context “high voltage” 60 kV to 110 kV range for the supply of small towns, overland transmission and the connection of smaller power stations.
see also “Low voltage”, page 36.
see also “Medium voltage”, page 36.
see also “Extra high voltage”, page 31.
Hollow plugs
Our sleeve-shaped copper alloy plugs with solder tab are rolled, hardened and gold- or nickel-plated. Due to their very good mechanical and electrical properties, the hollow plugs have
been used successfully for four decades and together with the newer Multilam plugs they still
occupy an important position in the fabrication of test leads.
Stackable to any desired number. Contact to rigid or spring-loaded
pins.
Stackable with rigid or springloaded pins.
Face to face connection.
Clamping contact on edges,
sheets or housing parts for
earthing purposes.
www.multi-contact.com Contact to rigid or spring-loaded
sockets.
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IEC
The International Electrotechnical Commission is an international standards organization in
the area of electrical engineering and electronics.
IEC/EN 61010-031
Title of the IEC/EN 61010:
“Safety requirements for electrical equipment for measurement, control and laboratory use”
Part 031:
“Safety requirements for hand-held probe assemblies for electrical measurement and test”
IEV
International Electrotechnical Vocabulary, published by the IEC with the intention to standardize the terminology in “electrotechnology” (also called “Electropedia”).
Insertion and withdrawal force
is the force required to plug in a plug connector fully or to pull it out without mechanical assistance. Because of the spring-loading normally present, the plug-in force is usually greater
than the pull-out force. The forces are determined in a polished steel socket resp. with a
polished steel plug.
Insulation
Basic insulation, page 27.
Double insulation, page 30.
Reinforced insulation, page 42.
Examples for special insulation requirements according to IEC/EN 61010-031, page 13 –
17.
Insulation coordination
This refers to the concept of determining the creepage, clearance and assembly distances of
electrical apparatus with regards to the specific conditions of application, eg. the occurrence
of overvoltages. Since it is impossible to determine the precise overvoltages for each individual case, insulation coordination has been introduced in pilot standard IEC / EN 60664-1 and
DIN VDE 0110. The values stated here for probable temporary and transient overvoltages are
based on long-term measurements of the overvoltages which actually occur in mains supply
systems. In IEC / EN 61010-031, the values stated in this pilot standard serve as a basis for
determining the necessary clearances and creepage distances in each application.
see also “Clearance”, page 28.
see also “Creepage distance”, page 30.
see also “Overvoltage”, page 38.
Insulation materials
In our catalogues, the lead insulations are specified for each article. Detailed information on
the materials silicone, PVC and TPE is given in our Cableline catalogue.
If you should have any questions concerning other insulation materials used by us (for
plug connectors etc.), please contact us.
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ISO
The International Organization for Standardization, widely known as ISO is an international-standards-setting body composed of representatives from various national standards organizations and draws up international standards in all fields with the exception of electrical
engineering, electronics and telecommunications.
Kelvin measurement
A four circuit measuring method for measurement of smallest resistances with very high
accuracy.
see also “Principle of the Four-Wire or Kelvin Measurement”, page 24.
Lead length
The lead length of all standard leads in this catalogue refers to the visible length of the cable.
Exception: The lead length of the Ø 6 mm Test Leads is the overall length (incl. connectors).
Level of protection against electric shock
Safety features such as insulation and finger guards are incorporated into the product design
to minimize the risk of accidental contact to live parts.
The level of protection is denoted by a maximum voltage rating which is determined by the
application in which the product is being used. This upper limit (rated voltage) also depends
upon the operating environment of the test accessory.
see also “Measurement Categories (according to IEC/EN 61010-031)”, page 9 – 12.
see also “Pollution Degree”, page 39.
Live wire
A live wire or phase conductor is the electrically conductive part which is live in normal operation and is not a neutral wire. In single-phase connections with a rated voltage of 230 V
there is only one such conductor which is designated with L (from Live wire); in three-phase
connections there are three live wires which are designated as L1, L2 and L3 (formerly R, S,
T). In three-phase alternating current, the AC currents in the live wires reach their maximum
amplitudes in different phase positions. In a domestic power network, as a rule the effective
voltage of live wires is 230 V in relation to the neutral, page . or protective wire, page . and
400 V between two live wires.
see also “Rated voltage in a three phase mains circuit”, page 18.
Live working
“Live Working” is the term used for work carried out on or near to live electrical equipment.
If dangerous voltages are involved, live working requires specially trained workers, special
equipment (e.g. insulated tools) and special organisational measures (e.g. written instructions from the responsible persons).
Working on live parts for the purpose of cleaning, servicing, maintenance and the expansion
of electrical supply installations is a method which has been in use for decades and is customary all over the world. It has substantial advantages and is very safe if correctly carried
out.
see also “Safety rules according to DIN VDE 0105, Part 1”, page 43.
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Low voltage
is the term used for alternating voltage up to 1,000 volts and DC voltage up to 1,500 volts. A
higher voltage is described as high voltage.
see also “High voltage”, page 33.
Low-voltage directive
The Low Voltage Directive - official designation “Low Voltage Directive (LVD) 2006/95/EC of
the European Parliament and of the Council of 12 December 2006 on the harmonisation of
the laws of Member States relating to electrical equipment designed for use within certain
voltage limits” – is the most important instrument governing the safety of electrical equipment besides the EMV directive. This directive replaces directive 73/23/EC, which was in
force until 15 January 2007.
It applies, with a few exceptions, to “electrical equipment designed for use with a voltage
rating of between 50 and 1 000 V for alternating current and between 75 and 1 500 V for
direct current“.
The directive calls upon the member states to take all appropriate measures to ensure that
electrical equipment may be placed on the market only if, having been constructed in accordance with good engineering practice in safety matters in force in the Community, it does not
endanger the safety of persons, domestic animals or property when properly installed and
maintained and used in applications for which it was made.
Measurement Categories (according to IEC/EN 61010-031), page 9 – 12.
Medium voltage
In electric power engineering, the term “medium voltage” is used for the lower high-voltage
range (typically up to around 30 kV). Fields of application for medium voltages are large-scale
consumers such as industrial undertakings and the supply of individual city districts or several localities.
see also “High voltage”, page 33.
see also “Extra high voltage”, page 31.
Multilam plugs
The Multilam plug consists of a turned brass pin and the Multilams of hard-drawn copper
alloy. The pin and Multilams are gold-plated, or in some cases nickel-plated. The Multilam
bands are seated spring-loaded in a recess on the metal pin. Their geometry and material
have optimal mechanical and electrical properties for effective plug connections: extremely rugged and crush-proof due to the solid metal pins, highly resistant to vibration in the
plugged condition, high current-carrying capacity, minimal contact resistance, low self-heating. The MC Multilam connectors generally have a plug at one end and socket at the other.
As a result, any number of leads can be connected in series.
Detailed technical information on MC Multilams you will find in the publication “The
MC Multilam Principle” that can be downloaded from our website www.multi-contact.
com.
Neutral conductor
see “Neutral wire”, page 37.
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Neutral wire
Conductor that is electrically connected to the neutral point of a power supply system. The
conductor is designated with the letter N and is preferentially coded with the colour light blue
(formerly grey). A neutral wire often is incorrectly referred to as a zero conductor. Because
neutral conductors are intended to carry current in normal operation, they are designated as
active wires in the same way as the phase conductor.
NH fuse
NH fuses (from the German “Niederspannungs-Hochleistungs-...”) have a larger volume than
screw type fuses and massive contacts at the ends. They can therefore conduct and break a
larger current. NH fuses are used, for example, in house junction boxes.
see also “High breaking capacity fuse”, page 33.
Nickel plating
In cases where electrical specifications are less demanding, nickel-plated contact elements
are used. This process is also used frequently to provide a diffusion barrier prior to gold plating.
Nominal voltage
The nominal voltage of a power-consuming device or supply source (battery, generator, power network) is the voltage in normal operation specified by the manufacturer or supplier. The
nominal voltage is normally specified together with a maximum permissible tolerance range.
A distinction must be made between the nominal voltage and the “rated voltage”. This is the
maximum voltage for which the insulation of switchgear, etc. must be designed. The rated
voltage is always higher than the nominal voltage.
see also “Rated voltage”, page 42.
Normal condition (according to IEC/EN 61010-031)
Condition in which all means for protection against hazards are intact.
Normal use (according to IEC/EN 61010-031)
Operation, including stand-by, according to the instructions for use or for the obvious intended purpose.
In most cases, normal use also implies normal condition, because the instructions for
use will warn against using the equipment when it is not in normal condition.
Operator (according to IEC/EN 61010-031)
Person operating equipment for its intended purpose.
The operator should have received training appropriate for this purpose.
Optalloy® finish
Optalloy® is an alloy of copper, tin and zinc with high corrosion resistance and relatively good
electrical properties.
Optalloy® is a registered trade mark of Collini-Flühmann AG.
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Oscilloscope probe
The test probe, usually a dividing probe, is an electronic measuring device which is used
mainly for measurements with the oscilloscope. The point on a conductor where the measurement is being carried out is touched with the test probe and the signal thus transmitted
to the actual measuring device.
see also “Touch-protected Probes and Accessories with High Dielectric Strength”, page 20.
see also “Probes – essential equipment for oscilloscopes”, page 23.
see also “Principle of a passive, high-impedance probe”, page 24.
see also “Active test probes”, page 25.
Overvoltage
Overvoltages occur when the nominal voltage of a supply network is exceeded. The level
of overvoltage that can occur in electrical equipment depends on its position in the mains
supply system.
see also “Temporary overvoltage”, page 44.
see also “Transient overvoltage”, page 45.
Panel-mount and press-in sockets
Our sockets are offered in a wide variety of versions: press-in or screw-in designs, insulated
or uninsulated, for different types of connections.
Sockets are in most cases rigid types; some are also spring-loaded with the tried and tested
Multilam.
a.)
b.)
c.)
d.)
a.) Insulated press-in sockets (rigid and spring-loaded)
b.) Insulated screw-in sockets (rigid and spring-loaded)
c.) Uninsulated press-in sockets (rigid)
d.) Safety sockets (rigid) accepting spring-loaded plugs with rigid insulating sleeve.
PELV
Protective Extra-Low Voltage. Active parts and bodies of the equipment must, in contrast to
SELV, be earthed and connected to the protective conductor.
see also “Extra-Low Voltage”, page 31.
Phase/phase conductor
see “Live wire”, page 35.
Plug connection
is an electrical connection made up between two plug connectors, i.e. with at least two
contact parts.
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Plug connectors
are designed to be connected and disconnected in the de-energized condition only.
Plug devices
are designed to be connected and disconnected under load.
Pollution (according to IEC/EN 61010-031)
Any addition of foreign matter, solid, liquid or gaseous (ionized gases), that may produce a
reduction of dielectric strength or surface resistively.
Pollution Degree
The insulating properties of plastics are greatly impaired by the effects of surface pollution
and moisture. Together with moisture, dust and soot particles form conductive bridges and
substantially reduce the resistance of the creepage distances.
The pollution degree is the numerical index of the degree of pollution that can exist in the
environment. IEC/EN 61010-031 defines 3 Pollution Degrees:
1:No pollution or only dry, non-conductive pollution occurs. The pollution has no influence.
Example: Inside closed pieces of equipment.
2:Normally only non-conductive pollution occurs. Occasionally, however, a temporary conductivity caused by condensation is to be expected. Examples: Laboratory, light industry.
3:Conductive pollution occurs, or dry non-conductive pollution, which becomes conductive
due to condensation, is to be expected. Examples: Heavy industry, short service outdoors.
Note:
Pollution degree 1 is never applicable for hand-held test accessories, since the presence of
moisture from perspiration will determine Pollution Degree 2.
As a general rule we have designed our test accessories for pollution degree 2. An exception
are test accessories rated for 1000 V, CAT IV. These are designed for pollution degree 3.
There are also a number of other articles, that may also be suited for use under the conditions
of pollution degree 3. In such cases we ask you to give details of your requirements and applications. We shall be pleased to assist you in choosing the right test accessories.
Primary current
see “Primary winding”, page 39.
Primary voltage
see “Primary winding”, page 39.
Primary winding
Winding from which electric power is taken up. In a transformer, for instance, this is the
winding on the mains side. The voltage applied to this winding is called the primary voltage,
and the current flowing through it the primary current.
Probe
see “Oscilloscope probe”, page 38.
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Probe assembly (according to IEC/EN 61010-031)
Device for making temporary contact between test or measurement equipment and a point
on an electrical circuit being measured or tested. It includes the cable and the means for
making a connection with the test or measurement equipment.
Probe tip (according to IEC/EN 61010-031)
Part of the probe assembly which makes the connection to the point being measured or
tested.
Protection degree (IP Code)
Systematic classification of the protection of electrical equipment to prevent the touching of
live parts (touch protection) and the ingress of foreign objects and moisture. The degree of
protection is stated by a 2-digit code with the form IPxy.
First digit x
(Degree of protection against the ingress of solid
foreign objects and access to hazardous parts)
Second digit y
(Degree of protection against harmful ingress of
water)
0
no protection
0
not protected
1
protected against solid foreign objects with
Ø 50 mm or greater
1
protected against dripping water (vertically
falling drops)
2
protected against solid foreign objects with
Ø 12.5 mm or greater
2
protected against dripping water (vertically
falling drops when the enclosure is tilted at
an angle up to 15°)
3
protected against solid foreign objects with
Ø 2.5 mm or greater
3
rotected against spraying water
4
protected against solid foreign objects with
Ø 1 mm or greater
4
protected against splashing water
5
dust protected
5
protected against water jets
6
dust tight
6
protected against powerful water jets
7
Protected against the effect of temporary
immersion in water.
8
Protected against the effect of continuous
immersion in water.
9
Protected against water in high-pressure
and steam-jet cleaning.
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Where there is no protection rating with regard to one of the criteria, the digit is replaced with
the letter X. Additional letters can be appended to the code to give additional information.
The protection degrees and IP code are specified in DIN EN 60529 under the title “Degrees
of protection provided by enclosures (IP-Code)”.
SPP4-AR/1000V
SD-XUB
Examples for protection degrees.
On the left: Test probe SPP4-AR/1000V with retractable insulating sleeve: Protection degree IP2X
On the right: Universal socket XUB-G with protective cap SD-XUB: Protection degree IP67
Protective conductor
see “Protective wire”, page 41.
Protective impedance (according to IEC/EN 61010-031)
Component, assembly of components or the combination of basic insulation and a current
or voltage limiting device, the impedance, construction and reliability of which are such that
when connected between parts which are hazardous live and accessible conductive parts,
it provides protection to the extent required by this standard in normal condition and single
fault condition.
Protective wire
A protective wire is an electrical conductor which serves the purpose of safety. The abbreviation for protective wire is PE (protective earth). The purpose of the protective wire in electrical
systems is to protect persons and animals from coming into contact with dangerous voltages
and electric shock in the event of a fault (e.g. failure of the insulation between live parts and
the enclosure). Electrical equipment and cables are often provided with a protective wire
which is coded with the colours green/yellow.
Rated current
The rated current is the current which our articles can carry continuously without the temperature exceeding the upper limit.
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Rated voltage
The rated voltage is the voltage for which our articles are designed and to which the operation and performance characteristics refer. For voltages above 30 VAC / 60 VDC the Measurement Category CAT should also be observed.
The rated voltage given in this catalogue always refers to a Pollution Degree 2
(exception: CAT IV-articles).
The articles characterised in the catalogue with 30 VAC / 60 VDC can also be safely used
up to 33 VAC / 70 VDC according to IEC/EN 61010.
Rated value (according to IEC/EN 61010-031)
Quantity value assigned, generally by a manufacturer, for a specified operating condition of a
component, device or equipment.
Rating (according to IEC/EN 61010-031)
Set of rated values and operating conditions.
Reference connector (according to IEC/EN 61010-031)
Device used to connect a reference point in the test or measurement equipment (usually
the functional earth terminal) to a reference point on the electrical circuit being measured or
tested.
Reference earth
Part of the Earth, outside the area of influence of earthing leads, in which no measurable
potentials occur between any two points on the Earth’s surface. By convention, the electrical
potential of the reference earth is taken to be zero. The voltage in relation to this zero potential
is meant when, for instance, the voltage specification U0 is found in multi-phase electrical
systems or multi-cored cables.
Reinforced insulation (according to IEC/EN 61010-031)
Insulation which provides protection against electric shock not less than that provided by
double insulation.
Reinforced insulation may comprise several layers which cannot be tested singly as
supplementary insulation or basic insulation.
Responsibility of User
The user is responsible for ensuring that each product is used in an application for which it
has been designed.
Responsible body (according to IEC/EN 61010-031)
Individual or group reponsible for the use and maintenance of equipment, and for ensuring
that operators are adequately trained.
Rise time
In metrology, when describing a voltage or current step function, rise time and fall time refer
to the time required for a signal to change between two specified values. Typically, these
values are 10% and 90% of the step height.
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RoHS conformity (RoHSready)
EU directive 2002/95/EC restricts the use of certain hazardous substances in electrical and
electronic equipment (RoHS conformity). Although this directive is not yet applicable to electrical test accessories, for all articles within our product groups Test & Measureline, HFline
and Cableline we use only materials that would conform to the RoHS criteria.
Safety at work, page 4 – 8
Safety of components
In the case of components that are to be incorporated into instruments (e.g. panel-mounting
sockets or adapters), protection from dangerous voltages must be assured in the end product. The rated values stated by us are only valid if these parts are used and installed in the
prescribed manner. For more information see the relevant assembly instructions, which you
can either download as a pdf file from the internet on our homepage www.multi-contact.com
under “Documents - Assembly Instructions - Test & Measurement”, or order direct from us.
You will find the appropriate assembly instruction number by the product description in the
catalogue.
Safety plug
see “Safety plug connectors”, page 43.
Safety plug connectors
All live parts of safety plug connectors are insulated in such a way that, if used properly, they
cannot be touched accidentally in the plugged or unplugged condition, e.g. by means of
fixed insulating sleeves. Safety plug connectors comply with all safety standards, e.g. IEC/
EN 61010-031.
Safety rules according to DIN VDE 0105, Part 1
These rules describe the measures to be made to establish and secure a voltage free condition prior to working on high power installations. They are to be carried out before starting
work on instruments and installations. In brief, the following 5 safety measures are to be
made:
1.Isolate
2. Secure against unintentional energizing
3. Verify the isolated condition
4. Earth and short-circuit
5. Guard or cover-up all surrounding live parts
Only qualified and instructed persons should carry-out this work.
Safety sockets
see “Safety plug connectors”, page 43.
Secondary current
see “Secondary winding”, page 43.
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Secondary voltage
see “Secondary winding”, page 43.
Secondary winding
Winding of (e.g.) a transformer to which electrical energy is transmitted by induction. The
voltage induced in the secondary winding is called the secondary voltage, and the current
that flows through it the secondary current.
SELV
Safety Extra-Low Voltage. Protection by low voltage using SELV is a protective measure in
which the circuits are operated at nominal voltages up to 50 VAC or 120 VDC. Supply to such
circuits from higher-voltage circuits is effected in such a way as to ensure that they are safely
separated from the latter.
see also “Extra-Low Voltage”, page 31.
Silver plating
Silver has very good electrical properties. One drawback is that sulphide tends to form in
sulphurous, humid atmospheres.
Single fault
see “Single fault condition”, page 44.
Single fault condition (according to IEC/EN 61010-031)
Condition in which one means for protection against hazard is defective or one fault is present which could cause a hazard.
If a single fault condition results unavoidable in another single fault condition, the two
failures are considered as one “single fault condition”.
Standard test finger
The purpose of the test finger is to simulate the (non)
touchability of active parts by the human finger. The
dimensions are specified in IEC/EN 61010-031. A
distinction is made between a rigid test finger and a
jointed test finger.
see also ill. of a jointed test finger, page 17.
Rigid test finger according to
IEC/EN 61010-031
Supplementary insulation (according to IEC/EN 61010-031)
Independent insulation applied in addition to basic insulation in order to provide protection
against electric shock in the event of a failure of basic insulation.
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Supplementary Label
Details of the maximum rated voltage and current are marked on all our products. However,
if there is insufficient space on the product itself then this information will be shown on a
supplementary label. We supply this product with the respective supplementary label as
mentioned in the catalogue.
Surface treatment
MC contact elements are plated, in some cases with precious metals, to protect against
corrosion.
Technical Modifications and Information Given in the Catalogue
We have a policy of continuous improvement and reserve the right to make technical modifications to any product in accordance with any safety and technical developments.
We accept no responsibility for the accuracy of the information given in the catalogue.
Temporary overvoltage
Temporary overvoltages occur eg. as a result of fluctuations of load or earthing defects.
Terminal (according to IEC/EN 61010-031)
Component provided for the connection of a device (equipment) to external conductors.
Test finger (according to IEC/EN 61010-031)
see also “Standard test finger”, page 44.
Test voltage
This refers to the voltage a plug connector is capable of withstanding under pre-established
conditions without breaking down or flashing over. In order to avoid possible confusion with
rated voltage, the test voltage value is not stated in the catalogue.
Thermoelectric voltage
At the points of contact between different metals, a contact potential develops (in accordance with the thermoelectric potential series) whose magnitude depends on the temperature. Between two identical contacts at different temperatures in a circuit, a thermoelectric
potential develops as a result of which a thermoelectric current flows which can adversely
affect measurements.
Three phase mains circuit
see “Rated voltage in a three phase mains circuit”, page 18.
Tool (according to IEC/EN 61010-031)
External device, including a key or coin, used to aid a person to perform a mechanical function.
Transient overvoltage
Transient overvoltages are very brief, mostly very high voltage peaks which can occur in the
network as a result of switching operations or the effects of lightning.
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UVV
Regulations for accident prevention (UVV from German “Unfallverhütungsvorschriften”),
issued by the employers liability insurance associations, see also “BGV”, page 28.
VBG
Obsolete designation for “BGV”, page 28.
VDE
VDE, originally “Verband Deutscher Elektrotechniker”, (Association of German Electrical
Engineers) since 1998 “Verband der Elektrotechnik, Elektronik und Informationstechnik”,
(Electrical Engineering, Electronics and Information Technology Association) and gives its
committed support to the sciences of these fields and the technologies based upon them.
The activities of VDE concentrate upon safety in electrical engineering, drawing up the rules
of good engineering practice as national and international standards, and the testing and
certification of equipment and systems.
Voltage free condition
see “Safety rules according to DIN VDE 0105, Part 1”, page 43.
Wet location (according to IEC/EN 61010-031)
Location where water or another conductive liquid may be present and is likely to cause reduced human body impedance due to wetting of the contact between the human body and
the equipment, or wetting of the contact between the human body and the environment.
Wire structure
Our highly flexible cable consists of very fine individual copper strands. The number, thickness and braiding of these strands determines the wire structure.
Withdrawal force
see “Insertion and withdrawal force”, page 34.
Working voltage (according to IEC/EN 61010-031)
Highest voltage which can continuously appear across an insulation during normal use.
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Notes
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Multi-Contact Deutschland GmbH
Hegenheimer Straße 19
Postfach 1606
DE – 79551 Weil am Rhein
Tel. +49/76 21/6 67 - 0
Fax +49/76 21/6 67 - 100
mail weil@multi-contact.com
Multi-Contact Essen GmbH
Westendstraße 10
Postfach 10 25 27
DE – 45025 Essen
Tel. +49/2 01/8 31 05 - 0
Fax +49/2 01/8 31 05 - 99
mail essen@multi-contact.com
Multi-Contact France SAS
4 rue de l’Industrie
BP 37
FR – 68221 Hésingue Cedex
Tel. +33/3/89 67 65 70
Fax +33/3/89 69 27 96
mail france@multi-contact.com
Multi-Contact USA
100 Market Street
US – Windsor, CA 95492
Tel. +1/707/838 - 0530
Fax +1/707/838 - 2474
mail usa@multi-contact.com
www.multi-contact-usa.com
Multi-Contact
Handelsges.m.b.H. Austria
Hauptplatz 3b
AT – 3452 Heiligeneich
Tel. +43/2275/56 56
Fax +43/2275/56 56 4
mail austria@multi-contact.com
Multi-Contact Benelux
c/o Stäubli Benelux N.V.
Meensesteenweg 407-409
BE – 8501 Bissegem
Tel. +32/56 36 41 00
Fax +32/56 36 41 10
mail benelux@multi-contact.com
Multi-Contact Czech
c/o Stäubli Systems, s.r.o.
Hradecká 536
CZ – 53009 Pardubice
Tel. +420/466/616 126
Fax +420/466/616 127
mail connectors.cz@staubli.com
Multi-Contact Española
c/o Stäubli Española S.A.U.
C/Reina Elionor 178, 1º
ES – 08205 Sabadell
Tel. +34/93/720 65 50
Fax +34/93/712 42 56
mail spain@multi-contact.com
Multi-Contact (UK) Ltd.
Multi-Contact House
Presley Way, Crownhill, Milton
Keynes
GB – Buckinghamshire MK8 0ES
Tel. +44/1908 26 55 44
Fax +44/1908 26 20 80
mail uk@multi-contact.com
Multi-Contact Italia
c/o Stäubli Italia S.p.A.
Via Rivera, 55
IT – 20841 Carate Brianza (MB)
Tel. +39/0362/94 45 01
Fax +39/0362/94 43 82
mail italy@multi-contact.com
Multi-Contact Poland
c/o Stäubli Lodz
ul. Okólna 80/82, Łagiewniki Nowe
PL – 95-002 Smardzew
Tel. +48/42/636 85 04
Fax +48/42/637 13 91
mail poland@multi-contact.com
Multi-Contact Portugal
c/o Stäubli Portugal
Representaçoes Lda
Via Central de Milheirós, 171-A
PT – 4475-330 Milheirós / Maia
Tel. +351/229 783 950
Fax +351/229 783 958
mail portugal@multi-contact.com
Multi-Contact Türkiye
c/o Stäubli Sanayi Makine ve
Aksesuarları Ticaret Ltd. Şti.
Atatürk Mahallesi, Marmara
Sanayi Sitesi, B Blok No: 28 İkitelli
TR – 34306 İstanbul
Tel. +90/212/472 13 00
Fax +90/212/472 12 30
mail turkey@multi-contact.com
Multi-Contact Russia
OOO STAUBLI RUS
ul.Startovaya 8a
RU – 196210 Saint Petersburg
Tel. + 7 812 334 46 30
Fax + 7 812 334 46 36
mail russia@multi-contact.com
www.multi-contact-russia.ru
Multi-Contact Brazil
c/o Stäubli Comércio, Importação,
Exportação e Representações Ltda.
Rua Henri Dunant, 137 - Conj. D
BR – 04709-110 São Paulo
Tel. +55/11/2348 7400
Fax +55/11/5181 8334
mail brazil@multi-contact.com
Multi-Contact China
c/o Stäubli Mechatronic Co., Ltd.
Hangzhou Economic and
Technological Development Zone
No. 123 Weiken Street
CN – 310018 Hangzhou
Tel. +86/400 66 700 66
Fax +86/571/86 91 25 22
mail hangzhou@staubli.com
Multi-Contact Hongkong
c/o Stäubli (H.K.) Ltd.
Room A1, 33/F, TML Tower,
3 Hoi Shing Road, Tsuen Wan
HK – Hong Kong
Tel. +852/2366 0660
Fax +852/2311 4677
mail connectors.hk@staubli.com
Multi-Contact Taiwan
c/o Stäubli (H.K.) Ltd.
Taiwan Branch
6/F-3, No. 21, Lane 583
Ruiguang Road, Neihu Dist.
TW – Taipei City 11466
Tel. +886/2/8797 7795
Fax +886/2/8797 8895
mail connectors.tw@staubli.com
Multi-Contact India
c/o Stäubli Tec Systems India Pvt Ltd
Stäubli House
Plot No° 55, Road No° 15 / 17
M.I.D.C. Industrial Area Andheri
(East)
IND – 400093 Mumbai
Tel. +91/22/282 39 343 - 345
Fax +91/22/282 35 484
mail india@multi-contact.com
Multi-Contact Korea
c/o Stäubli Korea Co., Ltd.
INNOBIZ TOWER 13F
559, Dalseo-daero, Dalseo-gu,
KR – Daegu, 704-919
Tel.+82/53/753/0075
Fax+82/53/753/0072
mail korea@multi-contact.com
Multi-Contact
(South East Asia) Pte. Ltd.
215 Henderson Road #01-02
Henderson Industrial Park
SG – Singapore 159554
Tel. +65/626 609 00
Fax +65/626 610 66
mail singapore@multi-contact.com
Multi-Contact Thailand
c/o Staubli (Thailand) Co., Ltd.
33/4, The 9th Towers Grand Rama 9,
24th Floor, TNA 02-03,
Huay Kwang Sub-District,
Huay Kwang District,
TH – Bangkok 10310
Tel. +66/2/168 14 24
Fax +66/2/168 14 27
mail thailand@multi-contact.com
Your Multi-Contact representative:
You will find your local partner at
www.multi-contact.com
© Multi-Contact, 01.2016 (0) Web – O Test & Measureline – Marketing Communications – Subject to alterations
Headquarters:
Multi-Contact AG
Stockbrunnenrain 8
CH – 4123 Allschwil
Tel. +41/61/306 55 55
Fax +41/61/306 55 56
mail basel@multi-contact.com
www.multi-contact.com