Calibration
lib i
off Surge Generators
According to IEC 61000-4-5:2005
Presented by :
Standards and Calibration Laboratory (SCL)
Innovation and Technology Commission
The Government of the HKSAR
Surge
• All electrical
l t i l and
d electronic
l t i equipment
i
t are
subject to electromagnetic interference, such as
surge.
• Surges are transient wave of voltage, current or
power which rise rapidly
p
p y followed byy slower
decline.
• Surges are created by switching events and
insulation faults in AC power distribution
networks, lightning and others.
• Surges are high voltages.
voltages They contain
significant amount of energy that may cause
damages to the electronic and electrical devices.
IEC61000-4-5:2005 (Edition 2.0)
• IEC 61000-4-5 is the standard for surge
immunity testing for electrical and electronic
equipment.
• Combination Wave Generators are used to
generate and simulate the switching and
lightning
g
g transients so as to evaluate the
performance of the equipment under highenergy
g disturbances on the power and
interconnect lines.
Test Levels
L
Level
l
O
Open-circuit
i i Test
T
Voltage
V l
 10 %
1
0.5 kV
2
1.0 kV
3
2 0 kV
2.0
4
4.0 kV
X
Special
Combination Wave Generators
• Two types specified :
– 10/700 s (voltage surge) 5/320 s (current surge).
• For testing of ports connected to symmetrical
communication lines
– 1.2/50
1 2/50 s (voltage
( lt
surge)) 8/20 s (current
(
t surge).
)
• For testing of all other cases, such as power lines
and short-distance
short distance signal connections.
connections
1.2/50 s Combination Wave
Generator (CWG)
Charging
Resistor, Rc
High
voltage
source, U
Energy
Storage
Capacitor, Cc
Switch
Impedance Matching
Resistor, Rm
Impulse
Duration
Shaping
Resistor,
Rs1
Rise Time Shaping
Inductor, Lr
Impulse
Duration
Shaping
Resistor,
Rs2
Characteristics of
1.2/50 s CWG
• O
Open-circuit
i it output
t t voltage:
lt
0
0.5
5 kV to
t att lleastt 4
kV; +/- 10%; surge voltage waveform (1.2/50
us)
• Short-circuit output current: 0.25 kA to at least 2
kA; +/+/ 10%; surge current waveform (8/20 us)
• Polarity: Positive/negative
• Phase
Ph
shifting:
hifti
0 degree
d
to
t 360 d
degree
• Repetition rate: at least 1 per min
• Floating output
• Effective output impedance of 2 ohm
Peak Open-circuit Voltage and
Timing of 1.2/50 s CWG
Test voltage
setting
kV
Voltage surge
peak
(± 10 %)
kV
Front time of
voltage surge
peak
(± 30 %)
s
Time to half-value
(± 20 %)
s
0.5
0.5
1.2
50
1.0
1.0
1.2
50
2.0
2.0
1.2
50
4.0
4.0
1.2
50
Note : in accordance with IEC60060-1
Peak Short-circuit Current and
Timing of 1.2/50 s CWG
Test voltage
setting
kV
Current surge peak
(± 10 %)
kA
Front time of
current surge
peak
(± 20 %)
s
0.5
0.25
8
20
1.0
0.5
8
20
2.0
1.0
8
20
4.0
2.0
8
20
Note : in accordance with IEC60060-1
Time to half-value
(± 20 %)
s
Voltage Waveform of 1.2/50 s CWG
((according
g to IEC 60060-1))
Front time: T1 = 1.67 x T = 1.2 s ± 30 %
Time to half-value: T2 = 50 s ± 20 %
Current Waveform of 1.2/50 S (8/20
 ) CWG ((according
S)
g to IEC 60060-1))
Frontt ti
F
time: T1 = 1.25
1 25 x T = 8 s ± 20 %
Time to half-value: T2 = 20 s ± 20 %
Verification of 1.2/50 s CWG
(6 1 2 of 61000-4-5)
(6.1.2
61000 4 5)
• A measuring system with a sufficient
g capability
p
y
bandwidth and voltage
• Open-circuit condition: load greater or
equal to 10 kohm
• Short-circuit condition: load smaller or
equal to 0.1 ohm
10/700 s CWG
Closed if external matching
resistors are used
Charging
Resistor, Rc
High
voltage
source, U
Energy
Storage
Capacitor, Cc
Switch
Impedance Matching
Resistor, Rm1
Impulse
Duration
Shaping
Resistor,
Rs1
Impedance Matching
Resistor, Rm2
Rise Time
Shaping
Capacitor, Cs
Characteristics of
10/700 s CWG
• Open-circuit output voltage: 0.5 kV to at least 4
kV; +/-10%; Voltage Surge Waveform (10/700
s)
p current: 12.5 A to at least
• Short-circuit output
100 A; +/-10%
• Polarity: Positive/ negative
• Repetition rate: at least 1 per min
• Floating output
• Effective output impedance: 40 Ω +/-10%
Voltage Waveform of 10/700 s CWG
((according
g to IEC 60060-1))
Front time: T1 = 1.67 x T = 10 s ± 30 %
Time to half-value: T2 = 700 s ± 20 %
Current Waveform of 10/700 S (5/320 S)
CWG ((according
g to IEC 60060-1))
Front time: T1 = 1.25 x T = 5 s ± 20 %
Time to half-value: T2 = 320 s ± 20 %
Peak Open-circuit Voltage and Timing
/
 CWG
s
of 10/700
Test voltage
setting
kV
Voltage surge
peak
(± 10 %)
kV
Front time of
voltage surge
peak
(± 30 %)
μs
Time to half-value
(± 20 %)
μs
0.5
0.5
10
700
1.0
1.0
10
700
2.0
2.0
10
700
4.0
4.0
10
700
Note : in accordance with IEC60060-1
Peak Short-circuit Current and Timing
/
 CWG
s
of 10/700
Test voltage
setting
kV
Current surge peak
(± 10 %)
A
Front time of
current surge
peak
(± 20 %)
s
0.5
12.5
5
320
1.0
25
5
320
2.0
50
5
320
4.0
100
5
320
Note : in accordance with IEC60060-1
Time to half-value
(± 20 %)
s
Calibration of Voltage Surge
UUT
Combination
Wave Generator
50 k
Digital
Di
it l
Oscilloscope
Pulse Voltage Divider
50 
Measuring Voltage Surge
• Bandwidth: 10 MHz
• Max.
Max Voltage: 12 kV
• Measuring impedance: 50.05 kohm
Calibration of Current Surge
UUT
Combination
Wave Generator
Digital
Oscilloscope
p
2 mΩ
Pulse Current
Measuring Resistor
Measuring Current Surge
• Bandwidth: 10 MHz
• Max.
Max Current: 10 kA
• Measuring impedance: 0.002 ohm
Pulse
Voltage
Divider
Pulse
Current
Measuring
Resistor
HOKLAS Accredited Scope (1)
HOKLAS Accredited Scope (2)