EIRA for Tobago Pipeline Project
Contents
Page
1.
INTRODUCTION ...........................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
2.
Background.................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
Application Process ....................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
Improving Environmental Standards ............. Error! Bookmark not defined.
Tobago Pipeline and Gas Receiving/Metering Facility Error! Bookmark not
defined.
Scope and Objective of EIA .......................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
Structure of the Document ............................. Error! Bookmark not defined.
LEGISLATIVE, REGULATORY AND POLICY FRAMEWORK....... Error!
Bookmark not defined.
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.7
2.8
2.9
2.10
2.11
2.12
2.13
2.14
2.15
2.16
2.17
2.18
2.19
2.20
2.21
2.22
2.23
2.24
Introduction.................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
Trinidad and Tobago Laws and Regulations . Error! Bookmark not defined.
The Tobago House of Assembly ................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
National Policies ............................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.
Environmental Management Act ................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
Environmental Management Authority ......... Error! Bookmark not defined.
Certificate of Environmental Clearance Rules 2001.....Error! Bookmark not
defined.
Environmentally Sensitive Areas (ESA) Rules, 2001 ..Error! Bookmark not
defined.
Environmentally Sensitive Species (ESS) Rules, 2001 Error! Bookmark not
defined.
Noise Pollution Control Rules and Standards Error! Bookmark not defined.
Draft Air Pollution Rules and Standards ....... Error! Bookmark not defined.
Water Pollution Rules and Standards ............ Error! Bookmark not defined.
Forest Act....................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
Fisheries Act .................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.
The Continental Shelf Act ............................. Error! Bookmark not defined.
Marine Areas (Preservation and Enhancement) Act.....Error! Bookmark not
defined.
Conservation of Wildlife Act......................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
National Wetland Policy of Trinidad and TobagoError! Bookmark not defined.
Petroleum Act and Petroleum Regulations .... Error! Bookmark not defined.
Pipeline Hydrotest Discharge Permit............. Error! Bookmark not defined.
Specification for the Identification of the Contents of Pipelines, Piping,
Ducts and Conduits (TTS 570:2002) ............. Error! Bookmark not defined.
Pipeline Setback Distances ............................ Error! Bookmark not defined.
Oil Pollution of Terrestrial Waters Act.......... Error! Bookmark not defined.
Archipelagic Waters and Exclusive Economic Zone Act (no. 24/1986) Error!
Bookmark not defined.
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EIRA for Tobago Pipeline Project
2.25
2.26
2.27
2.28
2.29
2.30
2.31
2.32
2.33
2.34
2.35
3.
PROJECT DESCRIPTION..............................Error! Bookmark not defined.
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5
3.6
3.7
3.8
3.9
4.
Decision Analysis .......................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
Project Alternatives........................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.
DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT ..Error! Bookmark not defined.
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
5.5
5.6
5.7
5.8
5.9
5.10
6.
Objective and Rationale................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.
Location and Layout ...................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
Project Overview ........................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
Project Phasing and Scheduling..................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
Design Basis .................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.
Construction Phase ........................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.
Operational Phase .......................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
Decommissioning .......................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
Proposed Future Developments ..................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES.................Error! Bookmark not defined.
4.1
4.2
5.
Shipping (Marine Pollution) Bill 2000 .......... Error! Bookmark not defined.
Minerals Act .................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.
Mines, Borings and Quarries Act .................. Error! Bookmark not defined.
Pesticides and Toxic Chemicals Act.............. Error! Bookmark not defined.
Town and Country Planning Act ................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
Occupational Health and Safety Act, No.1 of 2004 (Amendment 2006)Error!
Bookmark not defined.
The Fisheries Division ................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
Maritime Services Division ........................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
Lands and Surveys Division .......................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
International Instruments and Commitments. Error! Bookmark not defined.
NGC Corporate EHS Policy .......................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
Introduction.................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
Baseline Study Area....................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
Information and Data Sources ....................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
Offshore Physical Environment..................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
Offshore Biological Environment.................. Error! Bookmark not defined.
Offshore Socio-Economic Environment........ Error! Bookmark not defined.
Onshore Physical Environment ..................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
Onshore Biological Environment .................. Error! Bookmark not defined.
Onshore Socio-Economic Environment ........ Error! Bookmark not defined.
Stakeholder Consultation............................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
IMPACTS AND RISK ASSESSMENT..........Error! Bookmark not defined.
6.1
6.2
6.3
6.4
6.5
6.6
Impact Assessment Methodology .................. Error! Bookmark not defined.
Identification of Impacts................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.
Major Impacts ................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.
Moderate Impacts .......................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
Cumulative Impacts ....................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
Positive Impacts............................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.
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EIRA for Tobago Pipeline Project
6.7
7.
MITIGATION, MONITORING AND MANAGEMENT PLAN........... Error!
Bookmark not defined.
7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4
7.5
8.
Summary of Positive Impacts ........................ Error! Bookmark not defined.
Mitigation of Significant Negative Impacts... Error! Bookmark not defined.
Mitigation of Moderate Negative Impacts..... Error! Bookmark not defined.
Cumulative Impacts ....................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
Monitoring Plan ............................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.
Management Actions and Plans..................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
REFERENCES ................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
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EIRA for Tobago Pipeline Project
Tables
Table 2-1: Environmental Management Act: Impact Assessment and MitigationError! Bookmark not d
Table 2-2: List of Certificate of Environmental Clearance RulesError! Bookmark not defined.
Table 2-3: CEC Rule 10 Standards for Preparation of EIAError! Bookmark not defined.
Table 2-4: CEC Designated Activities of Relevance to the Oil and Gas IndustryError! Bookmark not de
Table 2-5: Specific Objectives of designating an ESS Error! Bookmark not defined.
Table 2-6: Specific Criteria for designating an ESS....Error! Bookmark not defined.
Table 2-7: International Environmental Treaties entered into by TrinidadError! Bookmark not defined.
and Tobago...................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
Table 2-8: Other International Environmental GuidelinesError! Bookmark not defined.
Table 3-1: Expected Dates of Completion of Project MilestonesError! Bookmark not defined.
Table 3-2: Natural Gas Product Composition and PropertiesError! Bookmark not defined.
Table 3-3: Consumer Demand Design Basis ...............Error! Bookmark not defined.
Table 3-4: Estimated composition of Flared Fuel Gas Error! Bookmark not defined.
Table 3-5: Predicted Facility Noise Levels..................Error! Bookmark not defined.
Table 3-6: Expected Flow Rate from Effluent StreamsError! Bookmark not defined.
Table 4-1: Evaluation Criteria .....................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
Table 4-2: Ranking of Numerical Values ....................Error! Bookmark not defined.
Table 4-3: Evaluation of Pipeline Size ........................Error! Bookmark not defined.
Table 4-4: Comparison of Landfall Options................Error! Bookmark not defined.
Table 4-5: Evaluation of Landfall Options ..................Error! Bookmark not defined.
Table 4-6: Comparison of Construction Methods for Shore ApproachError! Bookmark not defined.
Table 4-7: Evaluation of Construction Methods for Shore ApproachError! Bookmark not defined.
Table 4-8: Evaluation of HDD Construction ...............Error! Bookmark not defined.
Table 4-9: Evaluation of Subsea Installation ...............Error! Bookmark not defined.
Table 4-10: Evaluation of Flare System ......................Error! Bookmark not defined.
Table 5-1: Characteristics of the Major Tidal HarmonicsError! Bookmark not defined.
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EIRA for Tobago Pipeline Project
Table 5-2: Non-Cyclone Extremal Wave Statistics for the Angostura Platform
Location .......................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
Table 5-3: Cyclone Extremal Wave Statistics for the Angostura Platform LocationError! Bookmark not
Table 5-4: Deployment Information for ADCP Instruments Installed Along the
Proposed Tobago Pipeline ROW During 2008............Error! Bookmark not defined.
Table 5-5: Major current statistics for ADCP 1 between May and July, 2008Error! Bookmark not defin
Table 5-6: Major current statistics for ADCP 2 between February and June, 2008Error! Bookmark not d
Table 5-7: Major current statistics for ADCP 3 between February and June, 2008.Error! Bookmark not
Table 5-8: Summary of Marine Seabed Sediment Quality along the Proposed ROW
of the Tobago Pipeline for the Dry Season (13th – 18th May, 2008) and Wet Season
(19th – 24th June, 2008) Sampling Events ....................Error! Bookmark not defined.
Table 5-9: Summary of Coastal Nearshore Seabed Sediment Quality for the Dry
Season (26th May, 2008) and Wet Season (3rd – 8th July, 2008) Sampling EventsError! Bookmark not
Table 5-10: Summary of Marine Water Quality along the Proposed ROW of the
Tobago Pipeline for the Dry Season Sampling Event (26th May, 2008)Error! Bookmark not defined.
Table 5-11: Summary of Marine Water Quality along the Proposed ROW of the
Tobago Pipeline for the Wet Season Sampling Event (3rd – 8th July, 2008)Error! Bookmark not defined
Table 5-12: Summary of Coastal Nearshore Water Quality for the Dry Season
Sampling Event (26th May, 2008)...............................Error! Bookmark not defined.
Table 5-13: Summary of Coastal Nearshore Water Quality for the Wet Season
Sampling Event (3rd - 8th July, 2008)...........................Error! Bookmark not defined.
Table 5-14: Offshore Marine Air Quality Data (Dry Season: May 14th to 17th,
2008) ............................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
Table 5-15: Offshore Marine Air Quality Data (Wet Season: June 20th -25th, 2008)Error! Bookmark no
Table 5-16: Offshore Average Marine Ambient Sound Pressure Levels (Dry Season
(May 14th to 17th, 2008) and Wet Season (June 20th -25th, 2008)Error! Bookmark not defined.
Table 5-17: Summary Substrate Composition on the Southwest Tobago ReefError! Bookmark not defin
Table 5-18: Summary List of the Stony Coral, Soft Coral and Sponge Species
Observed on the Southwest Tobago Reef....................Error! Bookmark not defined.
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EIRA for Tobago Pipeline Project
Table 5-19: Species List of Cetaceans Found in the Waters of Trinidad and TobagoError! Bookmark no
Table 5-20: Marine Turtle Occurrence and Nesting Seasons in Trinidad and TobagoError! Bookmark n
Table 5-21: Numbers of Marine Fish Species found in Trinidad and Tobago Waters
(Ramjohn, 1999) ..........................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
Table 5-22: List of the Shorebird Species Recorded on Tobago over the Last 50
Years ............................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
Table 5-23: List of the Seabird Species Recorded on Tobago Over the Last 50
Years ...........................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
Table 5-24: Summary List of the Endangered and Vulnerable Marine Species
Encountered During the Study.....................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
Table 5-25: Last Known Coordinates of Six Historical Ship Wreck Sites South of
Tobago .........................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
Table 5-26: Number of Ships visiting Ports in TobagoError! Bookmark not defined.
Table 5-27: Synopsis of Tropical Cyclones Impacting Trinidad and Tobago
between 1861 and 2007 ...............................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
Table 5-28: Terrestrial Water Quality along ROW for the Dry Season Sampling
Event (26th May, 2008) ................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
Table 5-29: Terrestrial Water Quality along ROW for the Wet Season Sampling
Event (8th July, 2008) ...................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
Table 5-30: Results of Terrestrial Sediment Sampling (Stations 1 and 2) during the
Dry Season (May 26th, 2008) and Wet Season Sampling Events (July 8th, 2008)Error! Bookmark not de
Table 5-31: Onshore Day Time Air Quality Data (Dry Season (23rd - 26th May,
2008) ............................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
Table 5-32: Onshore Night Time Air Quality Data Dry Season (23rd - 26th May,
2008) ............................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
Table 5-33: Onshore Day Time Air Quality Data (Wet Season (3rd - 6th July,
2008))...........................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
Table 5-34: Onshore Night Time Air Quality Data (Wet Season (3rd - 6th July,
2008))...........................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
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EIRA for Tobago Pipeline Project
Table 5-35: Onshore Average Ambient Sound Pressure Levels (Dry Season (23rd 26th May, 2008)) .........................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
Table 5-36: Onshore Average Ambient Sound Pressure Levels (Wet Season (3rd 6th July, 2008)) ............................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
Table 5-37: Summary List of the Plant Species Observed on the Proposed Project
site ................................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
Table 5-38: Summary List of the Bird Species Observed on the Proposed Project
site ................................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
Table 5-39: Lepidopteran Families Observed in Tobago in the 1900’s to 1930’sError! Bookmark not de
Table 5-40: Lepidopteran Species within the Lowlands area of TobagoError! Bookmark not defined.
Table 5-41: Number of visitors and type of accommodation in TobagoError! Bookmark not defined.
Table 5-42: Form and number of arrivals and departures to TobagoError! Bookmark not defined.
Table 5-43: Unemployment Rates, Nationally and in TobagoError! Bookmark not defined.
Table 5-44: Persons in Tobago with Jobs, By Industry.Error! Bookmark not defined.
Table 5-45: Persons in Tobago with Jobs, By Occupation.Error! Bookmark not defined.
Table 5-46: Knowledge of National Gas Company of Trinidad and TobagoError! Bookmark not define
Table 6-1: Project Phases and Nodes for the Tobago Pipeline ProjectError! Bookmark not defined.
Table 6-2: Release Size Distribution Used as a Basis for the QRAError! Bookmark not defined.
Table 6-3: Summary of impacts on contractor/operator performance and the
stressor, significance, rank scores and residual scores Error! Bookmark not defined.
Table 6-4: Summary of impacts on health and safety from the significant stressorError! Bookmark not
Table 6-5: Receptor-Stressor Moderate Impact from the Proposed ProjectError! Bookmark not defined
Table 6-6: Summary of impacts on air from the significant stressorsError! Bookmark not defined.
Table 6-7: Summary of impacts on birds (terrestrial) from the significant stressorError! Bookmark not d
Table 6-8: Summary of impacts on climate from the significant stressorError! Bookmark not defined.
Table 6-9: Summary of impacts on contractor/operator performance from the
significant stressors......................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
Table 6-10: Summary of impacts on corals (live, reef building) from the significant
stressors........................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
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EIRA for Tobago Pipeline Project
Table 6-11: Summary of impacts on emergency services from the significant
stressor .........................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
Table 6-12: Summary of impacts on employment from the significant stressorError! Bookmark not def
Table 6-13: Summary of impacts on forest (secondary) from the significant
stressor .........................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
Table 6-14: Summary of impacts on health and safety from the significant
stressors........................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
Table 6-15: Summary of impacts on the oil and gas industry from the significant
stressors........................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
Table 6-16: Summary of impacts on the light industry from the significant
stressors........................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
Table 6-17: Summary of impacts on mammals from the significant stressorError! Bookmark not define
Table 6-18: Summary of impacts on power generation from the significant
stressor .........................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
Table 6-19: Summary of impacts on tourism from the significant stressorsError! Bookmark not defined
Table 6-20: Summary of impacts on marine and terrestrial transport from the
significant stressor .......................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
Table 6-21: Summary of impacts on water from rivers, stream and groundwater
from the significant stressors .......................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
Table 6-22: Summary of impacts on marine water from the significant stressorsError! Bookmark not de
Table 6-23: Summary of Cumulative Impacts and their SignificanceError! Bookmark not defined.
Table 6-24: Summary of Positive Impacts and their SignificanceError! Bookmark not defined.
Table 7-1: Proposed Mitigation Measures for Investment Environment Effects on
Contractor Performance ...............................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
Table 7-2: Proposed Mitigation Measures for Poor Contractor/Operator
Performance on Health and Safety ..............................Error! Bookmark not defined.
Table 7-3: Proposed Mitigation for Noise Effects on Health and SafetyError! Bookmark not defined.
Table 7-4: Proposed Mitigation for Emission Impacts on Air Quality and Climate
Change .........................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
xxxiv
EIRA for Tobago Pipeline Project
Table 7-5: Proposed Mitigation for Noise Impacts on Avifauna and Terrestrial
Mammals......................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
Table 7-6: Proposed Mitigation for Contractor/Operator PerformanceError! Bookmark not defined.
Table 7-7: Proposed Mitigation for Sedimentation Impacts on Coral (Live) and
Water Quality...............................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
Table 7-8: Proposed Mitigation for Natural Disasters on Emergency ServicesError! Bookmark not defi
Table
7-9:
Proposed
Mitigation
for
Supply
Chain
Disruption
on
Employment/Income....................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
Table 7-10: Proposed Mitigation for Forest (Secondary)Error! Bookmark not defined.
Table 7-11: Proposed Mitigation for Industrial (Oil & Gas)/Power GenerationError! Bookmark not def
Table 7-12: Proposed Mitigation for Tourism .............Error! Bookmark not defined.
Table 7-13: Proposed Onshore Monitoring during the Consturction and Operational
Phases...........................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
Table 7-14: Proposed Offshore Mitigation for Construction and Operational
Phases...........................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
Table 7-15: Management of Marginal Negative ImpactsError! Bookmark not defined.
Table 7-16: Summary of Residual Impacts .................Error! Bookmark not defined.
xxxv
EIRA for Tobago Pipeline Project
Figures
Figure 1-1: Overview of the NEO and Tobago Pipeline and Gas Receiving/Metering
Facility Projects .........................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
Figure 2-1: Trinidad and Tobago Legislative and Regulatory Framework ............... Error!
Bookmark not defined.
Figure 2-2: The National Gas Company of Trinidad and Tobago EHS Corporate Policy
....................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
Figure 3-1: Overall Field Layout for the NEO/Tobago Pipeline ProjectError! Bookmark
not defined.
Figure 3-2: Overall Field Layout for the Tobago Pipeline. ............. Error! Bookmark not
defined.
Figure 3-3: Plot Plan for Gas Receiving/Metering Facility ............. Error! Bookmark not
defined.
Figure 3-4: Cove Industrial Estate .....................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
Figure 3-5: Layout of Tobago Pipeline..............................Error! Bookmark not defined.
Figure 3-6: Onshore Layout of Tobago Pipeline ...............Error! Bookmark not defined.
Figure 3-7: Tobago Gas Receiving/Metering Facility .......Error! Bookmark not defined.
Figure 3-8: Plots within Cove Industrial Estate.................Error! Bookmark not defined.
Figure 3-9: Construction Methods for the Tobago Pipeline ............ Error! Bookmark not
defined.
Figure 3-10: Proposed HDD Shore Approach ...................Error! Bookmark not defined.
Figure 3-11: Schematic of Horizontal Directional Drilling............. Error! Bookmark not
defined.
Figure 3-12: Subsea Pipeline Installation using S-Lay......Error! Bookmark not defined.
Figure 3-13: Offshore Pipeline End Termination Arrangement ...... Error! Bookmark not
defined.
xxxvi
EIRA for Tobago Pipeline Project
Figure 3-14: Typical Activities for Open Cut Construction ............ Error! Bookmark not
defined.
Figure 3-15: Proposed Supply Routes ...............................Error! Bookmark not defined.
Figure 3-16: Typical Golden Weld (NGC BUD Pipeline) Error! Bookmark not defined.
Figure 3-17: Connector Spool Between NEO and Tobago Pipelines.....Error! Bookmark
not defined.
Figure 3-18: Sacrificial Anode System..............................Error! Bookmark not defined.
Figure 3-19: Proposed GEP Approach. .............................Error! Bookmark not defined.
Figure 5-1: Location of the Tobago Pipeline Baseline Study Area . Error! Bookmark not
defined.
Figure 5-2: Regional Map Showing Major Bathymetric Features Offshore Of Trinidad
and Tobago and Along the Proposed Pipeline ROW......Error! Bookmark
not defined.
Figure 5-3: Sampling Locations Where Tidal Fluctuation, Current and Wave Data were
collected .....................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
Figure 5-4: Water Level Measurements Recorded (In 2008) at ADCP Instruments
Installed Along the Proposed Pipeline ROW........... Error! Bookmark not
defined.
Figure 5-5: Water Level Measurements Recorded (In 2005) at the BHPB Platform at
Angostura...................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
Figure 5-6: Ambient Wave Height and Peak Period Statistics Derived from Hindcast
Modeling, Angostura (WNI, 2003)............Error! Bookmark not defined.
Figure 5-7: Mean Hourly Wave Heights Measured at the BHPB Platform During 2005
....................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
Figure 5-8: Mean hourly peak wave periods measured at the BHPB platform during 2005
....................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
Figure 5-9: Location Map Showing Sites Where Temperature and Salinity Profile Data
Were Reviewed for the Proposed Project ..Error! Bookmark not defined.
xxxvii
EIRA for Tobago Pipeline Project
Figure 5-10: Monthly Mean Salinity Profiles South of Tobago (Based on the GDEM-V
Dataset) ......................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
Figure 5-11: Monthly Mean Temperature Profiles South of Tobago (Based on the
GDEM-V Dataset) .....................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
Figure 5-12: Annual Mean Monthly Water Temperatures (Upper Panel) and Salinities
(Lower Panel) at Selected Depths South of Tobago (Based on the GDEMV Dataset) ..................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
Figure 5-13: Standard Deviation of Surface Salinity in the Trinidad and Tobago Region
in August (Based on the GDEM-V Dataset, the region of Trinidad and
Tobago is marked by the open rectangle) ..Error! Bookmark not defined.
Figure 5-14: Vertical Profiles of Temperature and Salinity Collected at Sampling Stations
along the Proposed Tobago Pipeline ROW during the Dry Season (May,
2008). .........................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
Figure 5-15: Vertical Profiles of Temperature and Salinity Collected at Sampling Stations
along the Proposed Tobago Pipeline ROW during the Wet Season (June,
2008). .........................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
Figure 5-16: Vertical Current Profiles for the East-West and South-North Velocity
Components at ADCP Locations 1, 2, And 3 .......... Error! Bookmark not
defined.
Figure 5-17: Joint Frequency of Occurrence of Current Speed and Direction at a Depth of
30 m at ADCP 3.........................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
Figure 5-18: Joint Frequency of Occurrence of Current Speed and Direction at a Depth of
30 m at ADCP 2 Site..................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
Figure 5-19: Joint Frequency of Occurrence of Current Speed and Direction at a Depth of
80 m at ADCP 2 Site..................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
Figure 5-20: Bathymetric Charts, Digitized Data Points, And ADCIRC Model’s
Unstructured Triangular Grid ....................Error! Bookmark not defined.
Figure 5-21: ADCIRC Model Grid Depth Contours As Seen From Google Earth ... Error!
Bookmark not defined.
Figure 5-22: Water Surface Elevation (WSE) Time Series during the Calibration Period
....................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
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EIRA for Tobago Pipeline Project
Figure 5-23: Modeled Vs. Observed WSE Scatter Plots during the Calibration Period
....................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
Figure 5-24: Observed and Modeled M2 Tidal Ellipse at ADCP 1. Error! Bookmark not
defined.
Figure 5-25: Observed and Modeled S2 Tidal Ellipse at ADCP 1 .. Error! Bookmark not
defined.
Figure 5-26: Observed and Modeled M2 Tidal Ellipse at ADCP 2. Error! Bookmark not
defined.
Figure 5-27: Observed and Modeled S2 Tidal Ellipse at ADCP 2 .. Error! Bookmark not
defined.
Figure 5-28: Observed current rose for ADCP 1 ...............Error! Bookmark not defined.
Figure 5-29: Modeled Current Rose for ADCP 1..............Error! Bookmark not defined.
Figure 5-30: Observed current rose for ADCP 2 ...............Error! Bookmark not defined.
Figure 5-31: Modeled Current Rose for ADCP 2..............Error! Bookmark not defined.
Figure 5-32: Observed current rose for ADCP 3. ..............Error! Bookmark not defined.
Figure 5-33: Modeled Current Rose for ADCP 3..............Error! Bookmark not defined.
Figure 5-34: Water Surface Elevation at Mayaro during the Validation Period ....... Error!
Bookmark not defined.
Figure 5-35: Modeled Vs. Observed WSE during the Validation Period.................. Error!
Bookmark not defined.
Figure 5-36: Observed Current Rose for Validation Period ............ Error! Bookmark not
defined.
Figure 5-37: Modeled Current Rose for Validation Period ............. Error! Bookmark not
defined.
Figure 5-38: Dry Season Maximum Currents....................Error! Bookmark not defined.
Figure 5-39: Wet Season Maximum Currents ...................Error! Bookmark not defined.
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EIRA for Tobago Pipeline Project
Figure 5-40: Difference in Maximum Current Speed-Dry Season Minus Wet Season
....................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
Figure 5-41: Dry Season Time-Averaged Currents ...........Error! Bookmark not defined.
Figure 5-42: Wet Season Time-Averaged Currents...........Error! Bookmark not defined.
Figure 5-43: Difference in time-averaged currents - dry season minus wet season .. Error!
Bookmark not defined.
Figure 5-44: Dry Season Currents at ADCP 1...................Error! Bookmark not defined.
Figure 5-45: Wet Season Currents at ADCP 1 ..................Error! Bookmark not defined.
Figure 5-46: Dry Season Currents at ADCP 2...................Error! Bookmark not defined.
Figure 5-47: Wet Season Currents at ADCP 2 ..................Error! Bookmark not defined.
Figure 5-48: Dry Season Currents at ADCP 3...................Error! Bookmark not defined.
Figure 5-49: Wet season currents at ADCP 3 ....................Error! Bookmark not defined.
Figure 5-50: Recent Earthquake Activity offshore of Southwest Tobago (1973 – 2005)
....................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
Figure 5-51: Benthic Substrate Type, Offshore of Southwest Tobago...Error! Bookmark
not defined.
Figure 5-52: Locations of the Offshore Marine Sediment, Water Quality, Air Quality and
Noise Sample Stations ...............................Error! Bookmark not defined.
Figure 5-53: Locations of the Coastal Inshore Sediment and Water Quality Sample
Stations.......................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
Figure 5-54: A Bryozoan Species Found Within the Study Area Is An Example Of A
Typical Sessile Organism ..........................Error! Bookmark not defined.
Figure 5-55: A Polychaete Found Within the Study Area Is An Example Of A Mobile
Organism....................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
Figure 5-56: Benthic Specimen belonging to the Family MarginellidaeError! Bookmark
not defined.
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EIRA for Tobago Pipeline Project
Figure 5-57: Benthic Specimen belonging to the Family Olividae . Error! Bookmark not
defined.
Figure 5-58: Cluster Analysis Output Defining Distinct Benthic Community Groups
within the Study Area during the Dry Season ......... Error! Bookmark not
defined.
Figure 5-59: Cluster Analysis Output Defining Similarity of Benthic Community Groups
Within the Study Area during the Wet Season ........ Error! Bookmark not
defined.
Figure 5-60: Extent of the reef along the south-western tip of Tobago..Error! Bookmark
not defined.
Figure 5-61: Elkhorn coral (A. palmata)............................Error! Bookmark not defined.
Figure 5-62: Seagrass bed locations in close proximity to Cove Estate .Error! Bookmark
not defined.
Figure 5-63: Humpback Whale Sightings within the Vicinity of the Study Area ..... Error!
Bookmark not defined.
Figure 5-64: Marine Turtle Nesting Sites on Tobago........Error! Bookmark not defined.
Figure 5-65: Offshore Oil and Gas Infrastructure South of Tobago, in close proximity to
the Study Area............................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
Figure 5-66: Fish Landing Sites located on the Southwest Coast of Tobago............ Error!
Bookmark not defined.
Figure 5-67: Fishing Grounds (by Fishing Techniques), Offshore of Tobago .......... Error!
Bookmark not defined.
Figure 5-68: Historical Ship Wreck Sites South of Tobago in close proximity to the Study
Area............................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
Figure 5-69: Dive sites in close proximity to Cove Estate Error! Bookmark not defined.
Figure 5-70: Recreational game-fishing spots in close proximity to Cove Estate..... Error!
Bookmark not defined.
Figure 5-71: Main Shipping Ports of Trinidad and Tobago ............ Error! Bookmark not
defined.
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EIRA for Tobago Pipeline Project
Figure 5-72: Average Monthly Wind Speed for Crown Point, Tobago (2005-2007) Error!
Bookmark not defined.
Figure 5-73: Average Monthly Air Temperature at Crown Point, Tobago (2005-2007)
....................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
Figure 5-74: Average Monthly Relative Humidity at Crown Point, Tobago (2005-2007)
....................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
Figure 5-75: Annual Rainfall Distribution in Tobago .......Error! Bookmark not defined.
Figure 5-76: Average Monthly Rainfall at Diamond Estate, Tobago (2003-2005)... Error!
Bookmark not defined.
Figure 5-77: Hydrogeological Map of Southwest Tobago Error! Bookmark not defined.
Figure 5-78: Land and Survey Division 1:25,000 Topographic Map of Southwest
Tobago, Lowlands and the Project site ......Error! Bookmark not defined.
Figure 5-79: Land and Survey Division 1:25,000 Soils Map of Southwest Tobago,
Lowlands and the Project site ....................Error! Bookmark not defined.
Figure 5-80: Cove Industrial Estate North-South Drain, Carrying Site Surface Water
(South) Towards the Sea............................Error! Bookmark not defined.
Figure 5-81: Recently Installed North-South Drain, Carrying Site Surface Water (South)
Towards the Sea from Cove Industrial Estate.......... Error! Bookmark not
defined.
Figure 5-82: North-South Drain, Shoreline Outfall into Nearshore Marine Environment
....................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
Figure 5-83: Locations of the Onshore Water Quality Sample Stations Error! Bookmark
not defined.
Figure 5-84: Locations of the Onshore Air Quality and Noise Sample Stations....... Error!
Bookmark not defined.
Figure 5-85: Aerial photo of Cove Estate (looking North)Error! Bookmark not defined.
Figure 5-86: Aerial photo of Cove Estate (looking East) ..Error! Bookmark not defined.
Figure 5-87: Aerial photo of Cove Estate (looking South)Error! Bookmark not defined.
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EIRA for Tobago Pipeline Project
Figure 5-88: Aerial photo of Cove Estate (looking South-west) ..... Error! Bookmark not
defined.
Figure 5-89: Satellite image-based vegetation communities at Cove Estate............. Error!
Bookmark not defined.
Figure 5-90: Photograph of Butterfly Species Found on the Project siteError! Bookmark
not defined.
Figure 5-91: Forest Reserves, Wetlands and Wildlife Sanctuaries on Tobago ......... Error!
Bookmark not defined.
Figure 5-92: Existing Land Use On and Around the Project site .... Error! Bookmark not
defined.
Figure 5-93: The Locations of the Two Archaeological Sites at Cove Estate........... Error!
Bookmark not defined.
Figure 5-94: One of the two windmills at Archaeological Site 1 .... Error! Bookmark not
defined.
Figure 5-95: Recreational Beach and Deep-sea Fishing Spots in Close Proximity to Cove
Estate..........................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
Figure 5-96: Existing Road Network in Close Proximity to Cove Estate ................. Error!
Bookmark not defined.
Figure 5-97: Health, Police and Fire Station Facilities in Close Proximity to Cove Estate
....................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
Figure 5-98: Communities surveyed along the south westeren coastline.................. Error!
Bookmark not defined.
Figure 5-99: Age Distribution in the Surveyed Population ............. Error! Bookmark not
defined.
Figure 5-100: Proportion of Respondents Currently Employed ...... Error! Bookmark not
defined.
Figure 5-101: Occupation Distribution within the Surveyed PopulationError! Bookmark
not defined.
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EIRA for Tobago Pipeline Project
Figure 5-102: Requested Assistance by Fishermen who depend on Fishing Activities as a
Means of Livelihood ..................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
Figure 5-103: Perceived Benefits Mentioned by Residents of Tobago ..Error! Bookmark
not defined.
Figure 5-104: Perceived Risks Associated with the NGC Tobago Pipeline/Gas
Receiving/Metering Facility ......................Error! Bookmark not defined.
Figure 5-105: Concerns of Residents.................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
Figure 5-106: Residents’ Willingness to Co-exist with The National Gas Company
Trinidad and Tobago Ltd in the Tobago Study AreaError! Bookmark not
defined.
Figure 6-1: Impact Assessment Approach.........................Error! Bookmark not defined.
Figure 6-2: Principal parameters in the analytical model describing the dispersion of
released drilling fluids................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
Figure 6-3: Hazid Approach ..............................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
Figure 6-4: Hazid Matrix ...................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
Figure 6-5a: Impacts Matrix ..............................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
Figure 6-5b: Impacts Matrix ..............................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
Figure 6-6: Sediment Transport Plume at HDD Point.......Error! Bookmark not defined.
Figure 6-7: Onshore Existing and Proposed Activities/Facilities Surrounding the
Proposed NGC Gas Receiving/Metering Facility .... Error! Bookmark not
defined.
Figure 6-8: Offshore Existing and Proposed Facilities/Activities Surrounding the
Proposed Tobago Pipeline Project .............Error! Bookmark not defined.
xliv