Cooperation and Contribution of Riga Technical
University Faculty of Power and Electrical Engineering
Institute of Industrial Electronics and Electrical
Engineering
for
COST IC0603 Antenna Systems & Sensors for
Information Society Technologies (ASSIST)
Dr.sc.ing., senior researcher Jelena Caiko
Structural units of RTU
(18 000 students)
8 faculties:
Architecture and urban planning
Building and civil engineering
Materials science and applied chemistry
Transport and mechanical engineering
Electrical and power engineering
Computer science and information technology
Electronics and telecommunications
Engineering economics
34 institutes, 1 independent institute, 44 departments,
48 divisions, 27 laboratories, 19 centres
Students
20 000
16 000
9 700
12 000
9 035
9 271
9 848
9 278
8 000
4 000
8 246
7 242
7 952
7 222
8 154
0
2003
2004
2005
State budget
2006
Tution fee
2007
PhD students
480
442
400
377
393
2005
2006
337
320
240
235
160
80
0
2003
2004
2007
New doctors of science
40 *
42
34
25
19
17
0
2003
* prognosis
2004
2005
2006
2007
Academic staff
Professors
148
110
Assoc.professors
96
Docents
Lecturers
224
154
Assistants
Sen. Researchers
148
38
135
Together - 1053
Researchers
Research assistants
Financial sources for research
Latvian Council of science
Ministry of education and science
Business companies
State institutions
International programmes
(FP 6, FP 7, LEONARDO da VINCI, NATO, PHARE e.t.c.)
Foreign target programmes
State budget (according law recquirements)
EU Structural funds
Research funding
LVL
5 722 564
6 000 000
5 000 000
4 415 464
4 000 000
4 522 564
3 000 000
2 206 000
2 445 000
3 389 680
2 000 000
1 265 000
1 000 000
1 921 000
1 581 000
520 000
685 000
625 000
524 000
2004
2005
1 025 784
1 200 000
2006
2007
0
2003
Grants, EU projects, ESF
Contracts and MOP
Science funding
Participation in ES 6th framework programme
IP:
NoE:
STRP:
CA:
OTHER:
EU-DEEP
KALEIDOSCOPE
COCOMAT
SANDCORE
KALEIDOSCOPE
FRIENDCOPTER
NANOCERAM
CASEEM
IST4Balt
START
interSHIP
EURNEX
SCOUT
eLOGMAR-M CHITOSANPEROS
ALCAS
EPE-PEMC
MOMENTUM
TECHNEAU
PERCERAMICS
NANOCERAM
AISHA
EURNEX
COST 365
23 PROJECTS
ENCOMAR-AAC
Test Stand for Electric Machines
Faculty of Electrical and Power Engineering
Programmable Function Generator
Faculty of Electronics and Telecommunications
Scientific Proceedings of RTU
2000 - 2007
Materials Science and Applied Chemistry
Architecture and Construction Science
11
7
Economics and Business
13
Power and Electrical Engineering
20
Computer Science
30
Transport and Engineering
24
Telecommunications and Electronics
The Humanities and Social Science
6
11
Architecture
1 (NEW 2007)
Geomatics
1 (NEW 2007)
Fuel Cell Laboratory in IEEI, EEF
2 sets of FUEL CELL
equipment, 2 kW
(BALLARD)
DC/DC converters
DC/AC inverters
Accessories
Advanced measurement
technique
Satellite positioning system testing laboratory
Department of transport electronics and telematics
Contact: Assoc. Prof. Ansis Klūga
E-mail: Ansis.Kluga@rtu.lv
Institute of Transport Vehicle Technology
1. UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLE (UAV)
‘Micro’ class UAV is with takeoff weight up to 5 kilograms.
It is equipped with an electrical engine, which makes it practically noiseless.
It is controlled remotely by onboard radio control apparatuses and a GPS
receiver.
UAV purpose:
photographic work and video filming on terrain;
patrolling on desired track;
on-line data collection and transmission;
aerial spotting operations;
ecological and meteorological environment monitoring.
Basic technical information:
useful load – up to 1,5 kg;
flight duration – up to 30 minutes;
cruising speed – up to 65 km/h.
Contact: Prof. Aleksandrs Urbahs
E-mail: Aleksandrs.Urbahs@rtu.lv
2. MULTICOMPONENT INTERMETAL-CERAMIC NANOCOATINGS FOR HOT
SECTION PARTS OF GAS TURBINE ENGINES
3. IONIC-PLASMA COVERINGS FOR PROTECTION AND RESTORATION OF
DETAILS FOR VEHICLE POWER-PLANTS
Institute of Structural Engineering and
Reconstructions
MOBILE LIGHTWEIGHT HIERARCHIC CABLE STRUCTURE
large span
no intermediate posts
small dead weight
mobility
easy expandable
Material consumption depending on
the span of the structure
Hierarchic Cable
Structures
Contact: Prof. Kārlis Rocēns
E-mail: bri@bf.rtu.lv
increased safety
low material consumption
hybrid composite cable
two failure stages
possible translucency
Institute of Structural Engineering and
Reconstructions
HYBRID COMPOSITE CABLE WITH TWO STAGE MODE OF FAILURE
Cross section
Working Scheme
Axial force vs. strain relationship
Contact: Prof. Kārlis Rocēns
E-mail: bri@bf.rtu.lv
The scheme of bidirectional
power flow regulator for traction substation
RTU research
development project
“Elaboration of the
bidirectional power
flow controller for
traction substations”
Prof. I.RaĦėis
Institute of Industrial
Electronics and Electrical
Engeneering
Inventions, Patents, Trade Marks
35
32
30
27
25
19
20
16
16
15
10
14
6
13
14
Applications
Foreign patents
7
Trade marks
5
2 1
21
21
0
2003
Patents
2004
2005
2006
2007
Studies in RTU
• Students have opportunity to use state financing budget study
at day time;
• Students have opportunity to study in evening groups;
• Students have opportunity to study in part time groups;
• Students have opportunity to study in RTU Distance training
centre and department of distance education give an
opportunity for working students to complete the knowledge
in different sciences and obtain a certificate after graduation.
RTU EEF IEEI
On the 11th of June, 2006 our Institute has been registered in the
register of scientific institutions under number 321092 that allows
us to participate in international and local research projects in the
field of electronics and electrical engineering. In the report are
described a main branches of research, contact information of the
staff, scientific results and present scientific
infrastructure.
Special attention is devoted to the Doctoral students who will as
basic workforce provide development of science in future.
Today IEEI realizes more than 40 scientific and academic projects
with the support of European funds providing investigation of new
modern technologies and application of this knowledge in the
educational process.
Computer control of industrial engineering
Laboratory of electromechatronics head of laboratory academic
Leonids Ribickis
The are many research was done since 2002 in laboratory, which
are related with industrial system computer control branch
Existing equipmen
Each year Institute at Industrial Electronics and Electrical
Engineering renovation research equipment, using ERAF (European
Regional Development Fund), ESF (European Social Fund) and Latvia state
financing
Last 3 years we have renovated computer laboratory,
bought few working sends for testing of electrical drives
Bought 3 ROBOTINO robots for students attracting
Bought fuel cell for scientific researches
We are bought , but not installed yet FESTO
Involving of students and
youngh researchers
European Youngh Radio Electronic
Energy Saving Project at the Riga
Youngh Technical centre
Robotika 2007
3 FESTO robots „Robotino”
Practical job at stends
Fuel cell laboratory
PhD research in Fuel cell laboratory
Attracting of high school students (1)
Ostvalda secondary school, Riga,2007
Attracting of high school students (2)
Riga state gymnasium Nr. 1, Riga,2007
Academic equipment (experience from Estonia TUT
planed to be installed in RTU in 2008)
MultiFMS: Wide Range of Technologies on Mechatronics
15
Stations in the RTU tender specs
1. Conveyor system 3,0x0,50m √
10
5
2. Distribution station √
3. Testing station √
7
12
4. 6 axis robot with slide for CNC feeding √
6
9. Handling station √
10. Sorting station √
√
1
4
5. CNC milling machine Concept Mill 55 √
12. Buffering conveyors
8
9
11
2
13
3
14
MultiFMS: Wide Range of Technologies on
Mechatronics sdditional devices
1. Conveyor system 3,0x0,50m √
2. Distribution station √
15
3. Testing station √
4. 6 axis robot with slide for CNC feeding √
5. CNC milling machine Concept Mill 55 √
10
5
6. CNC lathing machine Turn 105
8
9
7
7. Assembly with 5 axis robot station
12
4
8. AS/RS20 station
9. Handling station √
11
10. Sorting station √
11. Vision camera system
12. Buffering conveyors √
13. Handling station II
14. Processing station
15. SCADA workstation
1
6
2
13
3
14
Virtual MultiFMS – Programming and Simulation Tools
•Robotics
•PLC Simulation
•CAD/CAM
Existing equipment, used in studying
Hardware tools for
microcontroller
training in studies
Ilja Galkins: +371 7089918
e-mail: gia@avene.eef.rtu.lv
Study of microcontrollers means
• Study of microcontroller system design;
• Study of programming languages:
– High level
– Low level
• A lot o laboratory practice
– (more than 50% of the whole schedule is
necessary);
Content of the kit
Digital and analog expansion boards may be attached
On-board features
Configurable
pulse and sawtooth generator,
as well as
voltage
reference;
Employment of our students
Employment of our students
and scientific cooperation
A/S „Latvenergo”, A/S „Latvenergo Augstsprieguma Tīkls”, A/S
„Latvenergo Sadales Tīkls”, a/s Latvenergo, filiāles Daugavas HES,
ražotne „Ėeguma HES” elektrotehniskā laboratorija, A/S „Latvijas
dzelzceĜš”, SIA „ABB Latvija”, SIA „Siemens”, SIA “Lāsma”, SIA “EK
Sistēmas”, SIA “Beijer electronics”, SIA “BST”, SIA “IDS”, SIA
“Amerilat-md”, A/S “CeĜu projekts”, SIA “EMT”, SIA “OMS”, SIA
„Envirotech”, SIA „Latvijas Energoceltnieks”, SIA „Klinkmann”, SIA
„SLO Latvija”, SIA „Thomeko”, SIA „Rīgas Gaisma”, A/S „Latvo”, SIA
„Baltic Scientific Instruments”, SIA „VSF”, A/S „Rebir”, SIA „Profs”.
Cooperation with companies
Cooperation with companies
Cooperation with companies
PhD school in Tallin TTU
Research in IT
Chaiko LZP
Antenna application for industrial systems and transport intelligent
systems
Studies in IT - Industriālo
datortīklu pamati
Telekomunikāciju tīklu pamatjēdziens
Sakaru tīklu uzbūves un ekspluotācijas īpatnības
elektrotehnikā
Vadu un bezvadu tīklu pamata elementi
OSI modelis
Interfeisa iekārtas un komunikācijas protokoli
Intelektuālo tīklu uzbūve
Zināšanu atspoguĜošana
Tipisko autmātikas elementu sasaiste vadības shēmā
Intelektuālo tīklu modeĜu analīze
Ražošanas procesu datorvadība
Experiance in MATHEMATICAL MODELS
OF RADIO WAVE PROPAGATION
IN WOODLAND FOR MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS
Yelena CHAIKO
•
Thus, problem of mathematical modelling and experimental researches of radiowaves
propagation in forest is an actual problem.
The purpose of this work consists in carrying out complex researches of
radiowaves propagation for a decimeter range in large forests for base
development when designing cellular systems for mobile communication in Europe;
construction of the mathematical models determining parameters of the forest
environment; the description of the basic mechanisms of radiowaves propagation for
decimeter range in conditions of forest depending on distance between a point of
reception and base station, in view of real parameters of large forests:
dielectric permeability of trees, the sizes, density, humidity, wind loadings and so forth.
The comparative analysis theoretical and experimental researches of propagation UHF of
electromagnetic waves in large forests.
For an estimation of adequacy of the received theoretical and experimental results on propagation
UHF of electromagnetic waves to large forests it is necessary to lead their comparative analysis and
as to use the experimental results received by other authors.
1. The comparative analysis of experimental results and the models developed in work.
On diagram.1 numerical values median the normalized levels of capacity of radio signals P (d) in
locations MS as functions from distance between MS and BTS - d for working frequency of 900 MHz
provided that electromagnetic waves emitted- are vertically polarized by antenna BTS are submitted.
A level of a signal in a point of
reception MS P(d) (dBm)
Theoretical models
(1) The onebeam model
0
-20
0
2
4
6
8
(2) The twobeam model
-40
-60
(4) The model
for the mixed
path
-80
-100
Distance betw een MS and BTS d(km )
(3) The model
of diffraction
on a wedge
diagram 1. Dependences of changes of numerical values of the normalized levels of an accepted signal on average frequency
of 900 MHz received on a basis theoretically of models.
a) The one-beam model submitted by a curve (1), gives the following numerical values of function P (d):
Distance between MS and BTS d
(km)
A level of a signal in a point of reception MS
P (d) (dBm)
0.5
-51.225
1
-57.246
2
-63.266
3
-66.788
4
-69.287
5
-71.225
6
-72.809
(1) The onebeam model
A level of a signal
in a point of
reception MS P(d)
(dBm)
The one-beam model
0
-10 0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
-20
-30
-40
-50
-60
-70
-80
Distance between MS and BTS d (km)
The two-beam model submitted by a curve (2), gives the following numerical values of function P (d):
Distance between MS
and BTS d (km)
A level of a signal in a point of reception MS P (d)
(dBm)
0.5
-42.552
1
-54.539
2
-66.634
3
-73.678
4
-78.675
5
-82.552
6
-85.719
A level of a signal
in a point of
reception MS P(d)
(dBm)
The tw o-beam m odel
0
-20 0
-40
-60
-80
-100
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Distance betw een MS and BTS d
(km )
(2)The tw o-beam
model
At falling radiowaves on a large forest when the marge of a forest is located on distance from base send-receive
station on 1 km, values of a level of capacity in a point of reception pay off under the formula:
P(d) = P0 (d) + (-α⋅∆d),
Comm. Tower
Tree
Tree Tree
Tree Tree
Tree
2 km
Where P0 (d) - a level of capacity, defined for one-beam model dBm in a point d0=1km
A level of a signal in a point of
reception MS P (d) (dBm)
α - effective value of running factor of attenuation of the corresponding determined model forests - or α = 0.162 dB/km
(for layered structure), or α = 0.34 dB/rm - for a large forest in which trees as spheres are located by correct image in
space, ∆d - a difference of distances between position of a point of reception and position of a marge of a forest
(d0=1km), km.
For these cases of dependence of functions P0(d), P1(d) and P2(d) are submitted on diagram 12 as curves 0,1 and 2,
and numerical values of function P (d) in the table:
0
-10 0
5
10
-20
-30
(1) The onebeam model
Distance
betwee
n MS
and
BTS d
(km)
A level of a signal in a point of reception MS P (d) (dBm)
P1(d) Layered forest
P2(d) Sphere trees
1
-62,586
-62,942
2
-65,768
-66,302
3
-67,927
-68,639
4
-69,525
-70,415
5
-70,769
-71,837
6
-62,586
-62,942
(2)Layered
forest
-40
-50
(3)Sphere
trees
-60
-70
-80
Distance betw een MS and
BTS d(km )
The determined model for the mixed line, submitted the curve 3 diagram. 13, gives the following numerical values of function P (d):
Distance between MS
and BTS d
(km) MS
A level of a signal in a point of reception
MS P (d) (dBm)
0.5
-56.881
1
-63.062
2
-69.156
3
-72.702
4
-75.212
5
-77.157
6
-78.745
A level of a signal in a point
of reception MS P(d) (dBm)
The model for the mixed path
0
-20
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
-40
(3) Mixed path
-60
-80
-100
Distance between MS and
BTS d(km)
The model of diffraction on a wedge, submitted the curve 4 diagram 14., gives the following numerical values to function P (d):
A level of a signal in a point of reception
MS P(d) (dBm)
0.5
-72.637
1
-78.893
2
-85.029
3
-88.589
4
-91.107
5
-93.056
6
-94.647
The model of diffraction on a wedge
A level of a signal in a
point of reception MS
P(d) (dBm)
Distance between
MS and
BTS d
(km)
0
-20
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
-40
-60
-80
-100
Distance betw een MS and BTS
d(km)
(4)Diffraction on a
w edge
Thus, from comparison of functions P (d) for theoretical models it is visible, that:
- For two-beam model at small distances from MS up to BTS:
dmax< 4h1h2/[λ (2π-φ)] in comparison with one-beam model fluctuations of a level of a signal are observed, and with increase
in distance d falling of values of function P (d) submits Vvedensky to law (shift downwards on a level of capacity makes
about - 9dBm.);
For the determined models forests (i.e. for layered and spherical structures) arises falling a radio signal, since a marge of a forest
at its propagation inside of a forest, thus shift downwards on a level of capacity makes - for layered - 0,680 dBm.
for spherical - 0,324 dBm.);
For a case of diffraction on a wedge when a radiowave difracts on edges of trees on a marge of a forest, the level of a radio signal
in comparison with free propagation falls approximately on 20 dBm. (i.e. on wide highway located between large forests the level of
a radio signal will be lower on 20 dBm in comparison with free space);
-For the mixed lines when radiowaves are distributed a part of a line in free space, then inside a large forest, further again in free space,
etc., i.e. there is a heterogeneous (non-uniform) attenuation of a radio signal on a line and it should be reflected at calculation by use
of various models of propagation: on one part of a line one-beam, on another - determined with effective factor of attenuation, on the third
part of a line model of diffraction on a wedge, etc.
On fig. the line of measurement which becomes attached to discrets d, km = 0.5., 1.0., 2.0., 3, 4, 5,6 is schematically displayed.
100 m
0m
1000 m
2000 m
3000 m
4000 m
5000 m
At calculation it was supposed, that or the radiowave is distributed in a zone of direct visibility, or in a point of reception there
comes the sum of the reflected and direct wave, or the radiowave is distributed inside a forest, or difracts on a wedge, or the
radiowave is distributed in the mixed line.
In table are submitted values levels of capacity experimentally measured in various points of reception with change of distance
from MS up to BTS
(d = 0.5., 1.0., 2.0., 3, 4, 5,6) km.
Theory and experiment
Levels of a radio signal in a point of reception MS P (d) (dBm),
received on a basis
Experiment
0.5
-53
1
-55
2
-75
3
-71
4
-71
0
A level of a signal in a
point of reception MS
P(d) (dBm)
Distance between MS and BTS
d (km)
-20
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
-40
-60
-80
-100
5
-64
Distance between MS and BTS d(km)
(1)The one-beam model
(2)The tw o-beam model
(3)The mixed path
(4)Diffraction on a w edge
(5)Experiment
(6)Layered forest
(7)Shrere trees
6
-85
Apparently from diagram experimental points get in a field of curves received theoretically and in various points can or coincide
with the points received at calculations on the basis of various theoretical models of radiowaves propagation, or strongly differ.
Conclusion
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
1) On distance d = 0.5km MS from BTS experimental value coincides with the value received on the basis of calculation
on one-beam model (-53 dBm).
2) On distance of 1 km the level of a signal at experiment has made (-56 dBm), that is higher, than for value received on
the basis of one-beam model (-57,246 dBm), that apparently, speaks that the resulting field in a point of reception
grows out interferences of two or several radiowaves.
3) On distance 2 km from BTS sharp falling a level of a signal on the first 100м is observed, thus the radiowave was
distributed inside a large forest and the level of a radio signal made (-75 dBm), i.e. was lower than for free propagation
on 12 dBm. This value also is lower, than that follows from the determined models (layered - (-63.428 dBm) and
spherical (-63.606 dBm) structures) for the given distance that testifies to sharper attenuation of radiowaves in a forest
at through propagation. At the further deepening of the transmitter in a forest the level of a signal decreased according
to weaking of a wave in free space.
3) On distance from 3 kms up to 4 kms value of levels of a radio signal - for experiment made - 71 dBm, for one-beam
model - 69,287 dBm, for determined models-68,639 dBm (spherical structure)-67,927 dBm (layered structure), for the
mixed line-72,702 dBm i.e. experimental values got in area limited to a curve for one-beam model and the mixed line.
4) On distance from 4 km up to 5.5 km values of levels of radio signals exceed levels for one-beam model and their value
make for experiment - 64дБм, for one-beam model - 71 dBm, for determined models-69,525 dBm (layered structure)
and-70,415 dBm (spherical structure).
Let's note, that dependence of a field level on range exponential, and for small depth of penetration into a forest the
degree of attenuation is high, with increase in depth of penetration the degree goes down.
The analysis of results of experimental and theoretical researches of radiowaves propagation in mobile communication
systems has shown, that radiowaves propagation in conditions of a forest, is accompanied by effects of repeated
reflection, diffraction, dispersion of waves that results in formation of complex spatial propagation of an
electromagnetic field, thus values effective median levels get in a field of values received on the basis of theoretical
models.
The divergence of the settlement and measured values naturally, nevertheless, character of dependence of weaking
from range between a radiator and place of acceptance is defined by theoretical expression correctly.
•
2. The comparative analysis of work results and the results received by other authors on radiowaves propagation in large forests on
frequencies of 900 MHz close to average frequency (800 - 1200 MHz)
•
In communication with distinction experiments of the author and other authors as on height of base stations antena , and on density
and humidity of forest and a kind of the line, the received values of weaking of a signal differ from each other.
However results encourage that the developed models allow at designing macrocells in which there can be large forests, use the
determined models and for an estimation of integrated influence forest areas on levels of a signal in points of an arrangement of mobile
stations when they move inside a forest.
Statistical models allow to describe disseminating properties of large forests in a decimeter range. On the basis of the theory of repeated
waves dispersion it is shown, that for the description of an average field and intensity of a direct wave the model as a homogeneous
layer with effective electric parameters is applicable. These parameters are defined by density, the average sizes, values of complex
dielectric permeability of trees, and also frequency of radiation. The direct wave gives the basic contribution to intensity of an accepted
signal.
Results of work allow to predict conditions of a radio communication in forest areas depending on length of a line, heights of antena,
frequency, parameters of a large forest. Besides the received results can be applied at the decision of the inverse problems necessary for
research of forests by radiophysical methods.
•
•
•
Dreaming laboratory
Dreaming results
Nobel Prize Winners (1909)
VILHELM
OSTVALD
FOUNDER OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY
PROFESSOR OF RIGA TECHNICAL
UNIVERSITY
(1881 – 1887)
THANK YOU!