Ten things you should know about LED
LEt sD
ource
Ligh
re
of the futu
LED terminology
LED: Light source of the future
LED:
LED is without doubt the most talked-about issue in the lighting
industry these days. What makes LED so interesting?
Light Emitting Diode.
LED MODULE:
An assembly
of one or more LEDs on a
printed circuit board.
LE D D R I V E R : The power
control used to manage
the light output of the LED
module.
TOTA L LUM I N O US FLUX:
The amount of light coming from a light source or
luminaire.
TOTAL POWER CONSUMPTION:
The power con-sumption of the whole luminaire
or system, including losses.
Lumen per watt. Lumen out of the light source
or luminaire, divided by the
total power consumption.
Also known as efficacy.
LM/W:
CC T :
Correlated Colour
Temperature. Whether the
light is perceived as warm-,
neutral- or cool white.
The LED technology is in rapid development, and LED has many
applications. Because of the robustness of the diodes, LED is fast
becoming the preferred light source in cold environments such as
cold rooms and freezer rooms, and for demanding use, such as
on board ships, rigs, and moving machinery. The longevity of the
diodes makes them popular in inaccessible areas on top of windmills,
telecommunication towers and chimney stacks, while the size makes
them particularly suitable in really small spaces.
Other applications are emergency lighting, task lights, downlights,
spotlights and other general lighting products, and as replacement
for conventional light sources wherever possible.
At Glamox, we aim to produce LED luminaires with single LEDs, LED
modules and LED drivers of the best possible quality. We always
use the best quality components for our purposes, from the best
manufacturers.
Ten things you should know about LED
On the following pages we are presenting ten aspects of LED
technology that we believe are essential for the understanding of
advantages and challenges related to the use of LED.
Glamox Technology Team
MACADAM’S ELLIPSE/STEPS:
A measure of colour tolerance.
CRI:
Colour Rendering Index. A measure on how
well a light source renders
colours. Also known as Ra.
L70:
The time elapsed to a
LED emits 70% of its original light output. A typical
lifetime is L 70 minimum
50.000 hours.
Tamb:
Ambient temperature.
FRONT PAGE ILLUSTRATION: THE BUTTERFLY EFFECT
LED is a small and powerful light source that is changing the world of lighting. The butterfly is a symbol of the “butterfly effect”: that a small change at one place in a model (e.g. a weather system)
may lead to big changes at another place.
2
1
LED is a small and powerful light source
that is changing the world of lighting.
A Light Emitting Diode (LED) is an electronic component that generates
light in a semi-conductor material. Using the right materials, a diode
may produce visible light of various wavelengths.
White light is created by either using a
blue diode or “chip” and adding yellow
phosphor on top of it or mixing light from
one red, green and blue diode (RGB). The
use of phosphor conversion is the most
used method in the lighting industry, due
to its high efficacy and flexible production
method. The phosphor can be added
directly onto each diode or as a remote
phosphor plate on top of a mixing chamber.
Both methods create a particular colour
spectrum, or spectral power distribution for
the LED depending on the phosphor layer.
LED is not a new invention and most of us
are used to LED`s being red or green signal
markers on your Hi-Fi or television set. These
are so called – low-power LEDs. During the
last couple of years “high power” LEDs,
Market studies forecast that in 2020,
close to 50 % of all new and replacement
light source unit sales will be based on
LEDs. Since LEDs are more expensive than
conventional lighting, the value of the LED
sales will be even higher.
The efficacy of the LED is measured in
lumen per watt. The LED itself is expected
to yield around 200 lm/W within the next
decade. The LED luminaire, however, may
reach an efficacy of above 160 lm/W due
to system losses.
Standard light sources
LED
170
Light source efficacy (lumen/Watt)
i.e. LEDs operating at powers of around
1 W, have reached a level of cost and
performance that make them attractive to
the general lighting industry.
400
500
600
700 nm
The spectral power distribution (how much light that is emitted at each wavelength) of the LED mirrors the blue light
from the chip and the yellow phosphor.
LED chip
PCB
LED
Heat sink
LED
Metal halide
150
Schematic overview of a LED mounted on a printed circuit
board (PCB). Heat is removed from the LED chip to ambient
Fluorescent
via the heat sink (grey).
CFL
100
Mercury
50
Halogen
Incandescent
1950
1990
2010 2020
Time
This figure shows the development in efficacy (lm/W) over time for conventional and LED light sources. Whereas fluorescent
tubes are expected to reach a maximum of 120 lm/W, LEDs may reach above 200 lm/W in 2020. Note that luminaire efficacy is lower due to losses in the driver, optics, etc. (Source: Osram)
3
2
LEDs are more efficient than many
conventional light sources.
Conventional luminaire
“Light output”: Watt
Efficiency: Light Output Ratio
Ballast
Optics
FL tube
LED luminaire
Light output: Lumen
Efficacy: Lumen per watt
One of the advantages of LED is that all the light is emitted in one
direction. This entails fewer reflections inside the luminaire since we
normally want the light to go downwards only. If we need a light
distribution that goes both up and down, the LED is less suitable
compared to e.g. a fluorescent lamp.
The performance of a LED is often measured
in terms of lumen per watt or luminous
efficacy. The efficiency of luminaires with
fluorescent tubes is explained using the LOR
or Light Output Ratio. The LOR indicates
how ef ficient t he optic is. For t he s e
luminaires, the installed power in watt is
often used as a measure on the luminaire’s
light output. LED luminaires, however, only
use the total luminous flux.
The rated lumen value from a LED module
may give an inaccurate picture of how
many lumen you actually get from the
luminaire. When you calculate the lumen
output from a luminaire with fluorescent light
sources you must take the rated lumen from
the lamps and multiply with the Light Output
Ratio (LOR) of the luminaire. One should
pay special attention to the difference
between the total luminous flux of the LEDluminaire and the rated lumen output of the
LED module itself.
When documenting a LED luminaire, we always list the total luminous
flux of the luminaire.
OUR SOLUTION:
LED driver
LED
Lost light
Optics
For luminaires with fluorescent tubes, the wattage
is often enough to understand their light output.
With LED luminaires the total luminous flux is the
correct measure. The same applies for luminous
efficacy. Lumen per watt is the measure for the
4
efficacy of a LED luminaire, whereas LOR is of-
Conventional light sources cast a lot of light backwards, which may be lost in the optics design of a luminaire. The LED, on
ten used for luminaires with fluorescent tubes.
the other hand, emits all light in one direction.
The typical lumen maintenance curve of
t
110 %
LED
LEDs according to most manufacturers.
After 50.000 hours, the remaining light
100 %
output is 70% of the original output. Lifetime data can be given in terms of B50
(normal case), where 50% of the diodes
3
are better than the given lifetime value,
or B10 (worst case), where 90% of the
diodes are better than the given value.
10k
2
20k
3
30k
40k
0%
1
0%
2
0%
0%
0%
10k
20k
30k
40k
80 %
70 %
10k
t
110 %
110 %
100 %
100 %
LEDs last longer and do not
need to be replaced as often
as many conventional light
sources.
1
90 %
20k
30k
40k
50k
60k
70k
T8
110 %
1
2
3
100 %
90 %
90 %
90 %
80 %
80 %
80 %
70 %
70 %
70 %
One of the benefits
the 30k
LED 40k
is its50klong
10k of 20k
60k lifetime.
70k
Because it has no movable parts or filaments
that may break,
LED’s can have long lifetimes.
110 %
That makes them particularly well suited where
100 %
installation heights
are large or when the luminaires
are not easily90accessible
for lamp replacements.
%
1
We normally define the lifetime
80 %
of a LED as the time expected
for it to drop to7070
% % of its
initial light output. This measure
is called L70. A typical L70
50k
60k
70k
lifetime
is 50.000 hours. 10k
For
Glamox the stated lifetime is
related to L70 at the stated
110 %
ambient temperature (Tamb) of
1
the luminaire.
100 %
2
but its light output will drop
30% over its lifetime.
Sometimes, the LED driver
lifetime is the bottle neck of
20k
40k
50k
the 30k
system
design.
If60ke.g.70kthe
driver lifetime is limited to
50.000 hours at the rated
ambient temperature, and the
2
3
4
5
LED
module
lifetime
is longer
a t t h e s a m e t e m p e ra t u re,
In a lighting installation,
a the lifetime of the complete
90 %
fluorescent lamp would be l u min aire is ex h a u s t e d a t
80 %before
50.0 0 0 ho urs, unl e s s t h e
replaced 2-3 times
50,000 hours operation time driver may be replaced. An
70 %
is reached. Fluorescent
lamps easy replacement may not
will lose 10 - 25 % of their always be the case with built-in
light 60k
output
or installation
places
50k
70k before they are
10k drivers
20k
30k
40k
50k in 60k
70k
replaced. The LED, however, that are difficult to access.
does not need to be replaced,
10k
t
110 %
30k
40k
50k
60k
70k
Compact fluorescent
1
100 %
20k
2
3
110 %
4
5
100 %
90 %
90 %
80 %
80 %
70 %
70 %
10k
t
110 %
100 %
20k
30k
40k
50k
60k
70k
60k
70k
Metal halide
1
2
3
4
90 %
80 %
70 %
10k
20k
30k
40k
50k
Lumen maintenance curves including number of lamp
replacements before 50.000 hours for conventional light
We list the real lifetime of selected LED product
families, i.e. how many hours it really takes before 70% light
output is reached. We do this at the rated maximum temperature,
which may be as high as 45 degrees C in some cases. This
data is available on request.
OUR SOLUTION:
sources. T8 fluorescent tubes are normally replaced after
12.000 hours at an ambient temperature of 25 degrees.
Long life tubes may last for even longer – up to 50.000
hours. By the time they are replaced, they have lost about
25% of their initial light output.
5
4
LED lifetime is determined by the
temperature inside the diode.
Inside the LED the temperature may get very high. This causes the LED
to gradually emit less and less light. The higher the internal temperature,
the faster the lumen degradation.
At high internal temperatures, the blue chip
and phosphor layer degenerates and the
LED will eventually lose light. This happens
gradually and the LED will slowly fade
away. The internal temperature depends
on the ambient temperature. The higher
temperature of the LED’s surroundings, the
higher internal temperature.
A stor y often heard is when increasing
the ambient temperature by 10 degrees,
the lifetime is halved. For some Glamox
luminaires, however, when increasing the
ambient temperature by 10 degrees, the
OUR SOLUTION:
request.
lifetime decreases by only 10.000 hours.
This does not apply for all LED luminaires,
hence luminaire specific data is available
on request.
A n o t h e r t hin g t h a t in f l u e n c e s l u m e n
maintenance is the current running through
the diode. The higher current, the higher
temperature inside and the shorter lifetime.
Proper heat management is therefore the
key to control LED lifetime. In luminaires, the
LED is cooled by a heat sink and the size
and design of this determines the lifetime
of the LED.
We provide real lifetime curves at different Tamb. They are available on
Light output
100%
T
90%
T
80%
junction
junction
low
high
70%
60%
50%
1000
10000
100000
Hours
The light output from a LED is gradually reduced with time. Higher temperature on the LED chip (the so called junction temperature) speeds up the degradation.
6
5
With a lumen maintenance factor of 0,7
lighting installations risk over dimensioning.
Since the definition of LED lifetime is related to L70, the lamp lumen
maintenance factor (LLMF) is therefore 0,7. This light loss is countered
by adding extra light in the lighting installation’s initial phase.
The other factors that contribute to the
light installation’s maintenance factor (MF)
are the light survival factor (LSF), the room
surface maintenance factor (RSMF) and
the luminaire maintenance factor (LMF).
The product of these factors will bring
the maintenance factor (MF) down to
somewhere between 0,5 – 0,8 depending
on application and t ype of luminaire.
nstallations with T8 luminaires with a
LLMF of 0,75 will have a slightly higher
maintenance factor than LED installations
with a LLMF of 0,7.
dimensioned by a factor of 43% (1 divided
by 0,7). This may lead to a higher energy
c o nsump tio n an d a m o re ex p e nsive
installation. Instead, light planners should
pay special attention to lifetime curves and
intelligent control systems.
Some of our luminaires have longer lifetimes
than L70 50.000 hours. Therefore, the
LLMF is higher, the lighting installation’s
maintenance factor is higher and the energy
waste is less. For example, with a LLMF of
0,85 instead of 0,7, the over-dimensioning
is reduced from 43% to 18%.
Because of the LLMF of 0,7 for the LED,
the lighting installation needs to be over
For a selection of our LED luminaires, lifetime related to other lumen
maintenance factors than L70 can be given on request. We also list the lumen maintenance
at 50.000 hours, if this differs from L70.
OUR SOLUTION:
lifetime in order to have enough light
at end of life. Maintenance factors
are used to account for the degradation in lumen output and other
factors and the initial light output is
therefore much higher.
Lumen maintenance %
ner always plans for 100% light
output at the end of the installation’s
140
140
130
130
Lumen maintenance %
Installed lumen pack as a result of
LLMF = 0,7 and 0,85. A light plan-
120
110
100
LLMF = 0,7
Energy “waste”
90
80
70
120
110
100
LLMF = 0,85
Less energy “waste”
90
80
70
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Hours of operation (1000 hours)
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Hours of operation (1000 hours)
7
6
LEDs come in all colour
temperatures, but white LEDs
are not always white.
Because LEDs do not have a full colour spectrum, we
must pay special attention to their colour quality and colour rendering
capabilities. Otherwise, a lighting installation with visible colour
differences may be the outcome.
When LEDs are produced, the production
outcome is LEDs with many different colours
or colour temperatures. CIE’s 1931 colour
diagram is use d to cre ate a binning
structure, i.e. groups of diodes that share
the same colour characteristics. The LED
suppliers offer different bins to luminaire
manufacturers. The fewer bins the higher
cost.
OUR SOLUTION:
Some binning systems relate to the human
eye’s colour sensitivity via a model called
M ac A d am ellip s e s. T he ellip s e s are
mapped onto the binning structure in the
colour diagram and their size corresponds
to the LED’s colour tolerance. The size is
measured in steps. The more steps, the
bigger tolerance and the easier it is to
spot a difference in colour. Generally, a
3-step ellipse is considered a good colour
tolerance.
Most of our LED luminaires have a colour tolerance of 3 MacAdam
steps or better.
0.8
2000 K
4000 K
0.7
6000 K
0.6
0.5
3000
2500
4000
0.4
6000
2000
1500
10000
0.3
∞
0.2
0.1
1 steps
2 steps
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
MacAdam ellipses vary in size (number of steps) according to the colour variance of the LEDs inside the ellipses. The bigger
the ellipse, the more variance (less uniformity)
8
500
600
700 nm
Colour temperature indicates whether a light source is perceived as warm, neutral or cool white. LEDs may be produced in all colour temperatures, which are characterised
by the dominating wavelengths. The colour temperature
of a LED is defined by the blue and yellow peaks in the
spectrum.
LED array with different colour temperatures for each diode.
This may be the result of poor colour control.
0.9
0.0
400
7
The colour rendering capability of a
LED is influenced by its colour
spectrum.
400
As LEDs do not have a full colour spectrum, proper colour
rendering from LED luminaires may be a challenge.
However, LEDs are available with very high colour rendering
capabilities.
Light sources render colours differently
depending on the colour of the light
already present in the light emitted
from the source. For example, if the
light emitted does not contain any
red light or wavelengths, red colours
will look grey under this light. We
measure this effect by the colour
rendering index, CRI or Ra. Ra is the
average value of the light source’s
abilit y to render eight standard
colours on a scale from 1 to 100,
where 100 is the best. For indoor
applications, a Ra of 80 is considered
good.
LEDs may contain less red wavelengths that can cause poor rendering of red colours. It is possible to
avoid this by using special materials
when producing the diodes. LEDs
may therefore have Ra indices of up
to 95. Nevertheless, one must pay
special attention to the LEDs CRI or
Ra values.
500
600
700nm
Incandescent
400
500
600
700nm
Sodium
400
500
600
700nm
Fluorescent
400
500
600
700nm
Metal halide
Warm white LED
Cool white LED
Spectral distribution of sunlight
Spectral distributions for various light sources, including cool
and warm white LEDs. Whereas sunlight, halogen and
metal halides have complete spectrums, sodium lamps,
fluorescent tubes and LEDs have varying power distribution
curves. Cool white LEDs have more blue light in them, while
warm white have more yellow and red light. This may pose
challenges for colour rendering capabilities.
All our LED products comply with the applicable norms for
colour rendering.
OUR SOLUTION:
#1
#2
#3
#4
#5
#6
#7
#8
The 8 standard colours used to determine a light source or luminaire’s colour rendering capability. The average of each colour’s CRI consitutes the Ra index.
9
8
Because LEDs are perceived as brighter than
conventional light sources, you may design
installations with lower lux levels.
“What we see we cannot measure – and what we
can measure we cannot see”. In both indoor and outdoor
lighting, the perceived lux levels from LED luminaires may
differ from the actual light measurements.
For example, a light calculation for LED
flood lights, based on conventional
lux requirements, may result in too
higher perceived light levels at low
background luminance levels.
Why does this occur?
The standard way of calculating and
measuring lux levels is based on light
Light source/luminaire
Colour temper-
Conversion
ature (CCT)
factor
High pressure sodium (HST)
2000 K
0,7
Metal halide (HIT)
5500 K
1,4
FL/FX 60 LED (Glamox luminaire)
5000 K
1,7
Fluorescent tubes
3000 K
1,0
Fluorescent tubes
5000 K
1,7
Conversion factors for light sources with difference colour temperatures
levels during the day. Luxmeters are
tuned to filter out the visible part of
radiant energy in accordance to the
CIE’s spectral luminous efficiency
curve for photopic or daylight vision.
However, during conditions with less
light, such as during dusk or dawn
OUR SOLUTION:
– or mesopic light conditions, the
human eye is more sensitive to blue
light. The consequence may be that
your lighting installation gets more
light than needed, because lux meters
do not register this “extra light” at
shorter wavelenghts. This is not a new
phenomenon, since discrepancies
between e.g. high pressure sodium
lamps and other conventional lamps
already exist. For high luminance
levels, the photopic spectral luminous
efficiency curve is correct.
How can this be solved?
Scientists* have proposed a method
to better resemble the human eye’s
perception of light. The method
represents well the eye’s responses
at low luminance levels.
The method involves conversion
factors that are used by multiplying
the lumen output or lux level of the
listed light source with the given
factor, to get the perceived light
level in your installation. The factors
are used by dividing the required
lux level of your lighting installation
with the factor corresponding to
the light source used. E.g. a 100
lux requirement on an outdoor LED
installation may be divided with 1,7
to get 60 lux. The installation should
be dimensioned accordingly.
A biological explanation of the
phenomena
In daytime and during high luminance levels, the colour sensitive
cone receptors on the eye’s retina
come into play and we call this
the photopic vision. Luxmeters are
therefore tuned to measure photopic
lumens. The more light sensitive rods
give our night or scotopic vision.
At light levels in between daylight
and nightlight, the mesopic vision
comes into play, a mix between the
photopic and scotopic vision.
DISCLAIMER: This recommendation of pupil
lumen conversion factors is based on available
research and Glamox experience. We bear no
responsibility to any claims of poor light quality
(e.g. too low or too high lux levels) when using
these recommendations.
*Berman, Lawrence Berkley Laboratory, 1991:
Energy Efficiency Consequences of Scotopic
Sensitivity
We provide advice on how to account for conversion factors when designing lighting installations.
What would an adjusted installation look like?
Installation with 100 lux, achieved by 12 x 400 W HPS flood lights
Installation with 41 lux (100 lux divided by 2,4 (1,7/0,7), which is the ratio between the
conversion factors of HPS and cool white LEDs) achieved by 10 x FX60 160 W LED flood
lights. The two installations will seem equally bright to the observer.
10
Iris
Retina
Blue-sensitive
cone
Cornea
Rod
Red-sensitive
cone
Pupil
Green-sensitive
cone
Lens
The human eye consists of different types of photo receptors.
Cones are colour sensitive to
blue, red and green colours.
Rods are sensitive to low light
levels.
Receptors for
visual system
Test with 400 W High Pressure
Sodium lamps in flood lights. Average illuminance level: 286 lux.
Test with 160 W LED luminaires.
Average illuminance level: 95
lux. The installation seems equally
bright or brighter to the human
eye. Both pictures were taken
with identical parameters: Exposure time 1/2 sec; F-Number: 8;
ISO speed: 400.
11
L
LED
driver
N
9
LED
What makes a LED driver different from conventional power supplies
is that a LED driver responds to the varying needs of the LED, by
supplying a constant amount of power to the LED as its electrical
properties change with temperature.
1-10V
Analogue interfaces are used only for dimming.
L
LED
driver
LED
N
DALI
A digital interface (DALI) supports dimming, presence sensor, remote control, tunable white, scenarios, etc. It is ideal
for installations with many and different types of luminaires.
L
Integrated
LED module
N
Integrated LED modules incorporate control gear and are
designed for direct connection to the supply voltage.
The LED driver is the “cruise control” of the
LED luminaire. Without a proper driver, the
LED may get too hot or unstable.
One of the advantages with LED is the
short response time. It switches on and
dims immediately and can dim from 0,1
to 100%, whereas fluorescent tubes dim
from 3 to 100%. Sodium lamps have a
smaller dimming range, or do not dim at all.
Because of the short response time, LEDs
are suitable in stairwells, warehouses and
parking garages together with presence
detectors.
Another advantage when driving LEDs is
the efficiency when producing coloured
light. Coloured light is often made from
mixing light from red, green and blue light
sources by dimming them individually.
Some coloured fluorescent tubes are very
inefficient, which is not the case for LED.
A LED driver is an electronic circuit which
serves as an energy source for LEDs. The
driver changes AC voltage to DC while
optimizing the driving current for LEDs.
Luminaires with dimming possibilit y or
sensors require more complex drivers.
A common driver type is constant current
for LEDs in serial connection. This driver
type is well suited for dimming. A second
type is constant voltage for LEDs in parallel
connection. This t ype is ideal for large
number of LEDs, e.g. in LED strips. It is
important to check the rated current or
voltage, the rated output power of the driver
and the efficiency (the ratio between output
and input power in per cent).
Today LED-drivers are available for almost
all types of control signals. The driver is
often dedicated to one t ype of control
signal whether it is DALI, DSI, 1-10V
(dimming only) or DMX. It is important is to
check what type of control signal is needed
for your luminaire.
We only use LED drivers from recognized suppliers and we make
sure that the driver lifetime matches the expected lifetime of the luminaire.
OUR SOLUTION:
Relative luminous flux
250%
200%
150%
100%
50%
0%
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
Forward current (mA)
The luminous flux from LEDs depends directly on the forward current (If). Since LED emits light depending on forward current,
the LED light source intensity is controlled by changing the current value. However, changing the forward current value may
lead to a shift in colour temperature or CRI, if not managed properly.
12
10
Total cost of ownership may
be lower for LED installations.
The introduction of LED has led to a rush among
owners, architects and specifiers to use the new
technology in new and modernised installations.
However, to use LEDs should
b e done wit h care. N ot all
applications are suitable for a
LED installation. For example,
the higher cost price of a LED
luminaire compared to one using
a conventional light source may
n o t b e re c o u p e d d u rin g t h e
installation’s life time.
Therefore, a total cost of ownership approach is crucial, analysing
investment in luminaires, energy
costs, lamp change costs, cleaning
costs and others. Also, sensors
should be taken into account,
since they will reduce energy costs
and increase luminaire lifetime
fur ther. In most cases, a LED
solution’s annual costs including
capital costs would be lower than
that of a conventional solution.
We advise our customers to carefully evaluate the
payback time of installations with LED versus fluorescent tubes by using
our investment calculator available on our web site.
OUR SOLUTION:
Maintenance costs
LED downlight 25W
Lifecycle costs
Costs
Costs
Initial costs
Conventional downlight 2x26W
Conventional
downlight
LED
downlight
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Years
The figure explains the principle of total cost of ownership. The initial investment of
In this example, an installation with LED downlights is compared to an installation with
the LED installation may be higher than that of a traditional lighting installation, but
compact fluorescent light sources. The conventional solution has lower total costs the first
the LEDs lower energy consumption and maintenance cost may provide a lower
two years. After two years, the LED solution is more cost efficient.
total cost over the lifetime of the installation.
13
Product guide
A selection of our LED luminaires
14
Technical outdoor/indoor:
1445, MIR LED, TL60
Explosion proof:
MAX ICE
Navigation lights:
Series 65 / Series 65 Arctic
Emergency lighting:
E80
Task lights:
Ovelo, Ninety, L-1 LED
Pressure watertight:
0673 LED
Flood lights:
FL 60, FX 60
Downlights:
DL 60
Escape route lights:
E85
Perimeter and obstacle lights:
HL55-P/-O
Cold area:
1771
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15
Article no. BK999722
Light influences people
Glamox is an industrial group that develops, manufactures and distributes professional
lighting solutions for the global market. The Glamox Group is a leading supplier to the
world’s marine and offshore markets, and a significant supplier to the professional building
market in Europe. We own a range of quality lighting brands including Glamox, Aqua
Signal, Luxo, Høvik Lys and Norselight.
Quality and expertise
Our products and solutions are developed and tested by our engineers at our own
research and testing facilities, and manufactured and certified in accordance with all
relevant quality and environmental standards. They are based on the latest technology
and expertise – and generations of experience.
© Copyright 2014 Glamox
www.glamox.com/gmo