DIELECTRIC MATERIALS CHART — ECCOSTOCK
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DEFINITIONS
Dielectric
A dielectric is a medium having the property
that the energy required to establish an electric field within it is recoverable, in whole or
in part, as electric energy. During energy
transfer to and from the medium, there is
some dissipation of energy in the form of
heat.
1.1
1.2
A non-magnetic dielectric material is
defined by real and imaginary components of the
1.3
Complex Permittivity
ε* = ε’ – jε” [farads/meter]
Normalization of ε* with respect to the
Dielectric Permittivity of Free Space
1.4
εo = 10 –9/36π [farads/meter]
gives the
1.5
Complex Relative Permittivity
ε*/εo = k* = k’ – jk"
1.7
1.8
Dielectric Constant- k’ is the relative permittivity or dielectric constant. It is the quantity
generally referred to as Dielectric Constant in
the literature. It is plotted vertically on this
chart and is a dimensionless quantity since it
is relative to free space.
1.9
Dissipation Factor (D), Loss Tangent and
tan δ are identical. This is the quantity usually reported to indicate the energy loss characteristic of a material. Plotted horizontally
on this chart, it is dimensionless and defined
as follows:
2.0
TeflonTM
D = tan δ = k"/k’
HT0003
2.2
2.3
Polyethlylene
2.4
CPE
2.5
3
1.05
Loss Factor—k" is the relative loss factor. In
the literature, it is usually given as Loss
Factor. It should not be confused with
Dissipation Factor or Loss Tangent. Note
that the Loss Factor is the product of the
Dielectric Constant and Dissipation Factor.
SH
FPH
Lossy Dielectric
Lossy dielectrics are characterized by tan δ
above 0.1 (approximately). They may or may
not exhibit DC electrical conductivity. Dielectric
properties usually vary with frequency; in general, the lower the specific DC resistivity, the
greater the frequency sensitivity. A frequency
response advantageous in many applications
of lossy dielectrics is increasing k’ and k" with
decreasing frequency.
Magnesium
Carbonate
1.2
1.3
1.4
Low-Loss Dielectric
Dielectrics with tan δ below 0.01 (approximately) are considered low-loss materials.
They are electrical insulators. Dielectric properties show relatively little variation with frequency over microwave range.
Fir
Plywood
1.5
1.6
LOK
Adjusted Property Dielectrics
Composite or mixture materials formulated
to specific values of dielectric constant and
loss tangent. A wide variety of dielectric
properties is available to meet design
requirements covering a k’ range of 1.02 to
35 in low-loss and lossy dielectrics.
1.7
1.8
Artificial Dielectrics
Adjusted property dielectrics containing relatively conductive particles. Artificial
dielectrics are light in weight compared to
natural or other adjusted property dielectrics
at the same dielectric constant.
1.9
Fillers
Fine particle size powdered materials incorporated in a plastic dielectric to improve physical properties. Mica, silica, glass and wood
flour are commonly used.
Jet Fuel
JP-4
2.0
Natural
Rubber
(uncured)
2.1
CK
Polypropylene
2.2
Butyl
Rubber
(uncured)
CTFE
FlouroPolymer
2.3
StyreneButadiene
Rubber
(25/75)
2.4
0005
Polystyrene
Fused
Quartz
1.1
FFP
Natural Dielectric
One-component homogeneous dielectric
material. Solid natural dielectric types include
plastics, metal oxides, glasses, semiconductors (silicon, etc.) and pure single crystals
(diamond, sapphire, quartz).
k’ and tan δ indicate capability of storage of electricfield energy and dissipative characteristics for non-magnetic
dielectrics. Magnetic dielectrics are
additionally characterized by means
of µ’ and tan _m which indicate
capability of storage of magneticfield energy and of dissipation of
energy via magnetic phenomena.
1.6
DIELECTRIC CONSTANT
Low Loss Dielectrics & Other Common Materials
PP
1.05
2.1
.0008
®
LexanTM
Particle
Board
NylonTM
cross-linked
polystyrene
Fused
Silica
Nitrile Rubber
NeopreneTMGN
Rubber
TM
Mylar
Zinc
Oxide
Epoxy
Silicone Rubber
Boron
Nitride
4
Borosilicate
Glass
PyrexTM
Glass
Mica
5
Beryllium
Oxide
6
HiK
Powder
Steatite
2.5
3
4
HiK
Cement
5
Soda-lime
Glass
Wollastonite
Molybdenum
Sulfide
6
7
7
8
8
9
Sapphire
Magnesium
Oxide
Aluminum
Oxide
9
Magnesium
Titanate
10
10
HiK
15
15
3-15
HiK500
3-30
20
50
Properties of common materials from Tables of Dielectric Materials,
Vols. IV, V, and VI and Technical Reports AFML-TR-72-39 and 74-250
Laboratory for Insulation Research, Massachusetts Institute of
Technology Measurements are 25°C and 1-10 GHz. Properties vary
with frequency and temperature.
Zirconia
20
Titanium
Dioxide
(rutile)
Pure
Water
Steak
50
100
100
Strntium
Titanate
>100
.0001
.0002
.0003
.0004
.0005
.0006
.0007
.0008
.0009
.001
.002
.005
Barium
Titanate
.01
.05
.1
>100
1.0
LOSS TANGENT
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TYPICAL PROPERTIES
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