54 Gases in Dry Air
SCIENCE EXPLORER Earth Science
Percentage
by Volume
0.93
0.036
0.0018
0.00052
0.00015
0.00011
0.00005
Other
Gases
Argon
Carbon dioxide
Neon
Helium
Methane
Krypton
Hydrogen
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Cough
Allergies
Chest pains
Lung diseases
Eye, nose, and
throat irritation
Dizziness and
headaches
55 Effects of Air Pollutants on Humans
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56 Density of Air at Two Altitudes
SCIENCE EXPLORER Earth Science
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Layers of the
Atmosphere
Exosphere
above 550 km
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57
Ionosphere
80 to 550 km
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Thermosphere
above 80 km
Mesosphere
50 to 80 km
Stratosphere
12 to 50 km
Troposphere
0 to 12 km
Gases and particles
in the atmosphere
absorb solar energy.
Earth’s surface
absorbs solar energy.
This energy heats the
land and water.
Solar energy
is mostly visible light
and infrared radiation,
with a small amount of
ultraviolet radiation.
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Some of the absorbed energy is then
radiated back into the atmosphere.
Some energy that reaches
the surface is reflected
back into the
atmosphere.
Clouds, dust, and gases
in the atmosphere
reflect and scatter light.
58 Energy in the Atmosphere
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SCIENCE EXPLORER Earth Science
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60
Global Winds
Cirrus
61
Clouds
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Cirrocumulus
Cirrus
clouds
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Cumulonimbus
clouds
Altocumulus
Altostratus
Nimbostratus
clouds
Cumulonimbus
Nimbostratus
Cumulus
clouds
Stratus
Cumulus
Fog
Maritime
tropical
Maritime polar
Continental
tropical
Continental
polar
62 North American Air Masses
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Maritime
polar
Maritime tropical
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63 Cold Front
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64 Warm Front
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65 Occluded Front
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66 Clouds and Winds in a Hurricane
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67 Weather Map
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68 Newspaper Weather Map
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June
69 The Seasons
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September
March
December
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70 World Climate Regions
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71 Climate Graph for Washington, D.C.
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72 Extent of Northern Hemisphere Glaciation
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