Training programme on Energy Efficient technologies for climate
change mitigation in Southeast Asia
ENERGY EFFICIENT LIGHTING SYSTEM
( Industries, Public Utilities & Residential
Buildings)
Southeast Asia network of climate change focal points
Introduction
• Lighting energy consumption
• 20-45% in commercial buildings
• 3-10% in industrial plants
• Significant energy savings can be
realized with a minimal capital investment
Southeast Asia network of climate change focal points
Components of a lighting system
– Lamp(s)
• Equipment to produce light
– Luminaire
• Distributes, filters or transforms the light emitted from lamp(s)
• Includes the necessary parts for fixing and protecting the
lamps
• May include circuit auxiliaries
– Gear
• Ballast
• allast provides necessary starting voltage to fluorescent and
HID lamps and limits and regulates the lamp current during
operation
• Agitator helps to start high intensity metal halide and sodium
vapour lamps.
Southeast Asia network of climate change focal points
Definitions and Common Terms
 Lumen
• 1 lumen = the photometric equivalent of the watt
• 1 lumen = luminous flux per m2 of a sphere with 1
m radius and a 1 candela isotropic light source at
the centre
 Lux
• metric unit of measure for illuminance on a
surface: 1 lux = 1 lumen / m2
Southeast Asia network of climate change focal points
Types of Lighting Systems
• Incandescent lamps
• Tungsten Halogen Lamps
• Fluorescent lamps
• High pressure sodium lamps
• Low pressure sodium lamps
• Mercury vapour
• Metal halide
• Blended
• LED lamps
Southeast Asia network of climate change focal points
HID lamps
Color rendering index (CRI)
Color rendering
groups
1A
CIE general color
rendering Index(Ra)
Ra
> 90
Typical application
Wherever accurate color rendering is required
e.g. color printing inspection
1B
80 < Ra < 90
Wherever accurate color judgments are
necessary or good color rendering is required
for reasons of appearance e.g. display lighting
2
60 < Ra < 80
Wherever moderate color rendering is
required
3
40 < Ra < 60
Wherever color rendering is of little
significance but marked distortion of color is
unacceptable
4
20 < Ra < 40
Wherever color rendering is of no importance
at all and marked distortion of colour is
acceptable
Southeast Asia network of climate change focal points
Types of Lighting Systems
Incandescent Lamps
• Emit radiation mainly in
the visible region
• Bulb contains vacuum or
gas filling
• Efficacy: 12 lumen / Watt
• Color rendering index: 1A
• Color temperature: 2500 –
2700 K
• Lamp life <2000 hrs
Southeast Asia network of climate change focal points
Incandescent (GLS ) Lamps
Southeast Asia network of climate change focal points
Types of Lighting Systems
Fluorescent Lamps
•
3 – 5 times as efficient as standard incandescent
lamps and last 10 – 20 times longer
•
Electricity passes through a gas or metallic vapor
and causes radiation
•
Fluorescent tubes are hot cathode lamps
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Luminous Efficacy
Southeast Asia network of climate change focal points
Fluorescent Lamps
Southeast Asia network of climate change focal points
Good
T12, 38 mm
60 Lm/W
Better
T8, 26 mm
68 Lm/W
Best
T5, 16
mm
104
Lm/W
Southeast Asia network of climate change focal points
20000
Hours
8000
Hours
5000
Hours
Better
FTL 36W
T8, 26 mm
dia
Good
FTL 40W
T12, 38 mm dia
Southeast Asia network of climate change focal points
Best
FTL 28W
T5, 16 mm
dia
Compact Fluorescent Lamps
Southeast Asia network of climate change focal points
EFFICIENCIES OF LIGHTING SOURCES
Comparison of Efficiencies of Different Lighting Sources
12
11.6
10.0
10
9
8.0
8
7.4
6.7
7
6.1
6
4.9
5
5.2
6.0
5.2
4.9
4
1.0
1
1.2
1.3
GLS60
2
GLS40
3
1.6
Southeast Asia network of climate change focal points
TL-5 Super + EB
TLD8 Super + EB
TLD8 Super + EB
TLD-8 Super+ MB
TLD-8 + MB
TL-12 + MB
FL
PL15
PL11
SL25P
SL18P
SL13P
CFL
GLS100
GLS25
0
Incand.
Comparison (Reference: GLS25 = 1)
11
EFFICIENCIES OF LIGHTING SOURCES
Southeast Asia network of climate change focal points
Types of Lighting Systems
High Pressure Sodium (HPS) Lamps
• Used in outdoor and industrial applications
• Consist of: ballast, high- voltage electronic starter,
ceramic arc tube, xenon gas filling, sodium, mercury
• No starting electrodes
• High efficacy: 60 – 80 lumen/Watt
• Color rendering index: 1 - 2
• Color temperature: warm
• Lamp life < 24,000 hrs
Southeast Asia network of climate change focal points
High pressure sodium vapor lamps
Southeast Asia network of climate change focal points
Types of Lighting Systems
Low Pressure Sodium (LPS) Lamps
•
Commonly included in the HID family
•
Highest efficacy: 100 - 200 lumen/Watt
•
Poorest quality light: colors appear black, white
or grey shades
•
Limited to outdoor applications
•
Efficacy: Color rendering index: 3
•
Color temperature: yellow
•
Lamp life < 16,000 hours
Southeast Asia network of climate change focal points
Types of Lighting Systems
Mercury Vapor Lamps
•
Oldest HID lamp
•
Consists of: arc tube with mercury and argon
gas and quartz envelope, third electrode, outer
phosphor coated bulb, outer glass envelope
•
Long life and low initial costs
•
Very poor efficacy: 30 – 65 lumens/Watt
•
Color rendering index: 3
•
Color temperature: intermediate
•
Lamp life: 16000 – 24000 hours
Southeast Asia network of climate change focal points
Mercury Lamps
Southeast Asia network of climate change focal points
Metal halide Lamps
Southeast Asia network of climate change focal points
Case : MERCURY Vs. SODIUM VAPOUR LAMP
• A 4,000 m2 working area in a factory
• Need for new lighting system
– Required task illuminance: 450 lux
• Proposals under consideration
– Mercury vapour lamp (efficacy: 56 lm/W)
– High-pressure sodium vapour lamp (efficacy: 93
lm/W)
• Period of use: 5,000 h/year
• Electricity price: US$0.06/kWh
Southeast Asia network of climate change focal points
MERCURY Vs. SODIUM VAPOUR LAMP
Southeast Asia network of climate change focal points
Types of Lighting Systems
LED Lamps
•
Newest type of energy efficient lamp
•
Two types:
• red-blue-green array
• phosphor-coated blue lamp
•
Emit visible light in a very narrow spectrum and
can produce “white light”
•
Used in exit signs, traffic signals, and the
technology is rapidly progressing
•
Significant energy savings: 82 – 93%
•
Longest lamp life: 40,000 – 100,000 hours
Southeast Asia network of climate change focal points
Types of Lighting Systems
Reflectors
•
Impact how much light reaches
area and distribution pattern
•
Diffuse reflectors:
• 70-80% reflectance but declining in time
• painted or powder coated white finish
•
Specular reflectors:
• 85-96% reflectance and less decline in time
• Polished or mirror-like
• Not suitable for industrial open-type strip
fixtures
Southeast Asia network of climate change focal points
Types of Lighting Systems
Gear
•
Ballast
• Current limiting device
• Helps voltage build-up in fluorescent lights
•
Igniters
• Start metal halide and sodium vapor lamps
Southeast Asia network of climate change focal points
Comparing lamps
Lum / Watt
Avg.
Color
Rendering
Index
Type of Lamp
Range
Typical Application
Life (Hours)
Homes, restaurants, general
lighting, emergency lighting
1000
5000
Incandescent
8-18
14
Excellent
Fluorescent Lamps
46-60
50
Good w.r.t.
coating
Offices, shops, hospitals,
homes
Compact fluorescent
lamps (CFL)
40-70
60
Very good
Hotels, shops, homes,
offices
High pressure mercury
(HPMV)
44-57
50
Fair
General lighting in factories,
garages, car parking, flood
lighting
5000
Halogen lamps
18-24
20
Excellent
Display, flood lighting,
stadium exhibition grounds,
construction areas
2000-4000
High pressure sodium
(HPSV) SON
67-121
90
Fair
General lighting in factories,
ware houses, street lighting
6000-12000
Low pressure sodium
(LPSV) SOX
101-175
150
Poor
Roadways, tunnels, canals,
street lighting
6000-12000
Southeast Asia network of climate change focal points
8000-10000
Designing with Light
Recommended light levels for different tasks (BEE India, 2005)
Illuminance
level (lux)
General Lighting for
rooms and areas used
either infrequently
and/or casual or simple
visual tasks
General lighting for
interiors
Additional localized
lighting for visually
exacting tasks
Examples of Area of Activity
20
Minimum service illuminance in exterior circulating areas,
outdoor stores , stockyards
50
Exterior walkways & platforms.
70
Boiler house.
100
Transformer yards, furnace rooms etc.
150
Circulation areas in industry, stores and stock rooms.
200
Minimum service illuminance on the task
300
Medium bench & machine work, general process in
chemical and food industries, casual reading and filing
activities.
450
Hangers, inspection, drawing offices, fine bench and
machine assembly, colour work, critical drawing tasks.
1500
Very fine bench and machine work, instrument & small
precision mechanism assembly; electronic components,
gauging & inspection of small intricate parts (may be partly
provided by local task lighting)
3000
Minutely detailed and precise work, e.g. Very small
parts of instruments, watch making, engraving.
Southeast Asia network of climate change focal points
Energy Efficiency Opportunities
High Efficiency Lamps & Luminaries
Examples (9 – 75% savings):
•
Metal halide lamps to replace mercury / sodium
vapor lamps
•
HPSV lamps where color rendering is not critical
•
LED panel indicator lamps to replace filament lamps
•
Luminaries with mirror optics instead of
conventional painted ones
Southeast Asia network of climate change focal points
For improving energy efficiency (T12 to T8/T5
Southeast Asia network of climate change focal points
Efficiency in outdoor lighting
Southeast Asia network of climate change focal points
Efficacy Comparison
Southeast Asia network of climate change focal points
Ballast
Southeast Asia network of climate change focal points
Energy Efficiency Opportunities
Electronic Ballasts instead of Electromagnetic Ballasts
•
Oscillators that convert supply frequency to about
20,000 – 30,000 Hz
•
Available for fluorescent tube lights, CFLs
•
Benefits in fluorescent tube lights:
• Reduced power loss: 1 Watt instead of 10-15 Watt
• Improved efficacy at higher frequencies
• Elimination of starter: no flickering
Southeast Asia network of climate change focal points
35
For improving energy efficiency
Southeast Asia network of climate change focal points
Timers, Twilight Switches & Occupancy Sensors
•
Timers: switching of unnecessary lights
•
Twilight switches: depending on availability
of daylight
•
Occupancy sensors: depending on
presence of people
•
Applicable for general areas, conference
rooms, cubicles, restrooms, exteriors
Southeast Asia network of climate change focal points
Occupancy sensors
Southeast Asia network of climate change focal points
Energy Efficiency Opportunities
•
Can save energy
•
Provided drop in light
output is acceptable
Percentage
Reduction of Lighting Feeder Voltage
1
2
3
Supply voltage percentage
5
6
4
6
4
6
5
3
2
1
1) Lamp current
4) Lamp output
2) Circuit power,
5) lamp voltage
3) Lamp power,
6) lamp efficiency
Effect of voltage variation of fluorescent tube
light parameters (BEE India, 2005)
Southeast Asia network of climate change focal points
Energy Efficiency Opportunities
Use Natural Day Lighting
• North lighting
• Glass strips across the roof
• Sky lights with fiber reinforced plastic
(FRP)
• Atrium with FRP dome
• Natural light from
windows
Southeast Asia network of climate change focal points
Energy Efficiency Opportunities
De-lamping to Reduce Excess Lighting
• Effective method to reduce energy
consumption
• Reducing lamp height combined with delamping: illuminance hardly affected
• Complicated for series wired ballasts
• Less problematic with parallel wired ballast
Southeast Asia network of climate change focal points
Energy efficiency : Lighting power density
(LPD)
Southeast Asia network of climate change focal points
Comparison
Southeast Asia network of climate change focal points
ENERGY SAVING OPPORTUNITIES IN LIGHTING
SYSTEM
• Reduce lighting levels to meet actual requirements in
locations where levels are more than required
• Use the most energy efficient lamps wherever possible
• Use efficient lighting fixtures (reflectors, louvers, housings)
• Use energy efficient ballasts for application
• Use daylighting to the fullest extent possible
• Install manual and/or automatic switching and control
systems to ensure close control of lighting
• Undertake regular maintenance program of replacing
lamps, cleaning luminaires, replacing defective
components and cleaning surrounding surfaces
Southeast Asia network of climate change focal points
OPTIONS TO REDUCE EXCESS LIGHTING
• Use task lighting
• Physically group the tasks with similar
lighting requirements, if possible
• Remove a number of lamps to reduce
general illumination levels
• Reduce general lighting level by
controlled dimming without sacrificing the
symmetry of the lighting fixture pattern
Southeast Asia network of climate change focal points
A Case Study : Building
A Case Study : Building
Southeast Asia network of climate change focal points
LIGHTING INVENTORY
Floor
Lighting
Incan
FTL
FTL(20W)
CFL
Total kw
GROUND
0
222
22
55
13
FIRST
0
684
57
24
38
SECOND
0
686
40
18
38
THIRD
7
591
0
3
32
FOURTH
0
613
26
23
34
FIFTH
0
420
22
3
23
CORRIDORS
0
361
0
195
24
CANTEEN
0
141
0
0
7
CAMPUS
TOTAL
23
7
15% OF CONNECTED LOAD
3718
167
322
231
29% OF ENERGY CONS. (0.7 m KWH)
Southeast Asia network of climate change focal points
LIGHTING LOAD SHARE
9%
3%
9%
Office Area
Toilet+Tea Room
7%
Campus
Corridor
Canteen
72%
Southeast Asia network of climate change focal points
LIGHTING LUX DISTRIBUTION
Lux level Distribution in office area
45%
40%
35%
30%
25%
20%
15%
10%
5%
0%
40%
28%
21%
10%
50-100
100-150
150-200
200-250
Range
78% of the working station is well illuminated
Southeast Asia network of climate change focal points
LUX DISTRIBUTION IN NON-ESSENTIAL AREAS
Lux level distribution in non essential areas
40%
35%
36%
30%
36%
25%
14%
20%
15%
14%
10%
5%
0%
50-100
100-150
150-200
Lux level range
200-250
Improper lux distribution in Non essential area
Southeast Asia network of climate change focal points
LUX DISTRIBUTION IN VARIOUS LOCATIONS
LUX LEVEL
MAX
MIN
AVG
LUX/M
2
FIRST
428
165
217
9.88
11.54
SECOND
450
80
215
12.81
15.37
THIRD
355
80
186
9.54
11.80
FOURTH
430
40
187
9.47
10.75
FIFTH
485
45
197
9.46
10.33
TOTAL
BUILDING
485
40
200
10.23
11.96
FLOOR
LIGHTING INDEX : 11.96 WATT/M2
Southeast Asia network of climate change focal points
WATT/M
2
LIGHTING : BASE LINE ESTABLISHMENT
Floor wise
Measurements
at 8 DB points
Per FTL
≈ 54.1 watt
Measurement at
Substation
Emergency
panel & estimated
Per FTL
≈ 53.3 watt
Single Tube light
measurement
Per FTL
≈ 40 watt
Result : Consumption per FTL = 54watts
Southeast Asia network of climate change focal points
ENCON OPTIONS
Essential Area lux level : 200-220
Non-Essential area lux level : 120
Minimum physical change
E
C
Delamping
Elimination of incandescent lamp
High Lumen tube lights (T5)
Electronic Ballast
CFL
M
Control Techniques
Southeast Asia network of climate change focal points
LIGHTING LOAD MANAGEMENT
REPLACING WITH T5 LAMPS & ELECTRONIC CHOKES IN
ESSENTIAL AREAS
AS IS
TO BE
SAVINGS
% SAVINGS
KW
KWH/ANNUM
160
99
61
38
528000
326700
201300
38
ANNUAL SAVING („000 $)
20
INVESTMENT („000 $)
45
SIMPLE PB PERIOD (YEARS)
2.25
Southeast Asia network of climate change focal points
LIGHTING LOAD MANAGEMENT
REPLACING WITH 22W CFL IN NON-ESSENTIAL AREAS
AS IS
TO BE
SAVINGS
% SAVINGS
KW
KWH/ANNUM
37
15
22
59
122100
49500
72600
59
ANNUAL SAVING („000 $)
INVESTMENT („000 $)
SIMPLE PB PERIOD (YEARS)
8
8.5
1.06
Southeast Asia network of climate change focal points
LIGHTING LOAD MANAGEMENT
REPLACING FTLs WITH 22W CFL IN CORRIDORS
AS IS
TO BE
SAVINGS
% SAVINGS
KW
KWH/ANNUM
19.1
7.1
12
62.8
68760
25560
43200
62.8
ANNUAL SAVING („000 $)
5
INVESTMENT („000 $)
6
SIMPLE PB PERIOD (YEARS)
1.2
Southeast Asia network of climate change focal points
watt /sq meter
LIGHTING POWER INDEX
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
S1
As is
As is
To Be
To Be
55%
Improvement
Southeast Asia network of climate change focal points
A Case Study : Public Utility
Energy Efficient Street Lights
Southeast Asia network of climate change focal points
58
Present Scenario
• Busy & Important road
segment of 1.1 km in South
India
• 36 x 250 watt HPSV lights
supplied from 3 supply
feeders
• RCC Pole height = 9.5 m
• Pole to Pole distance is
irregular varying from 22m
to 39 m
• Timers are installed
• The road is having central
verge
Southeast Asia network of climate change focal points
Baseline Power Consumption per Lamp
Power
Cons./Lamp
(Watt)
Remark
Volt
Am
p
Keltron
S/S
13 numbers of 250W
HPSV lamps were ON
236
34.8 0.42 3.45
265
Single
Fitting
GE Make measured
at KSEB
223
2.98 0.39 0.26
259
5 numbers of 250W
HPSV lamps were ON
226
13.6 0.41 1.26
252
228.3
0.41
258.8
Location
Pole -10
Average (Obtained from above)
PF
KW
Avg. Power = 259 w per lamp
Southeast Asia network of climate change focal points
Lux Measurement
Along the Pole
Lux (Avg.) in Road
Positions
Pole side
Half
Other Half
Under Light Fittings
19 - 20.5
Locations
Middle of the road 16.5 - 19.5
6-8
Edge of the Middle
Verge
13 - 14.5
9 - 13.5
Edge of the road
Between Two
Poles
Pole side
Half
4 - 4.5
Other Half
Between Poles
5.3 - 9.3
-
Middle of the road
5-7
3-4
Edge of the Middle
Verge
4.7 - 5.3
4 - 5.3
-
1.7 - 3
Edge of the road
Southeast Asia network of climate change focal points
Demonstration : LED Street Light
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Make
:
Power Consumption :
Supply Voltage
:
LED Type
:
Electrical Connection:
LED Cluster
:
Dimensions (mm)
:
Dispersion angle
:
SECO
100 Watt
180-250 V AC
5 mm
Lead wire 1m long
1400
750x230x125
60 degree
Southeast Asia network of climate change focal points
Southeast Asia network of climate change focal points
Measurement of Electrical Parameters
LED Lamp Power Measurements
Voltage (Max)
Voltage (Min)
Voltage (Avg.)
Supply Frequency
Current
Power Factor
Volt
Volt
Volt
HZ
Amp
227.5
221.3
225
48.8
0.80
0.46 (Leading)
Power Consumption
Total Harmonic Distortion(THD)
Watt
%
98.11
13
Southeast Asia network of climate change focal points
Lux Level Measurement
Locations
Lux (Avg.) in Road
Positions
Pole side
Half
Other
Half
Under Light
Fittings
26
-
Middle of the road
22
-
Edge of the
Middle Verge
15
14
-
-
Along the Pole
Edge of the road
Southeast Asia network of climate change focal points
Analysis
Present Annual Energy Bill
Total Cost of Energy
Number of installed lamps
Utilization factor
Total usage hour per annum
Power Consumption / Lamp
Estimated Energy Consumption
Energy Cost per Unit
$
$
No.
Hr
Watt
KWH
$/kwh
Southeast Asia network of climate change focal points
1000
1000
36
0.95
4380
259
40839
0.06
Cost-Benefit
Present Consumption / Lamp
Annual glowing hours
No. of lamps
Total Annual Energy Consumption
Expected consumption/lamp
Expected Annual Energy consumption
Annual Energy Saving
Energy Cost/unit
Annual Energy Bill Saving
Investments
Cost per Lamp
Total cost for 36 fittings
Installation Cost
Timers & Energy Meter Cost
Total Cost
Simple Pay Back Period
0.259
4380
36
40839.12
100
11037.6
25071
0.06
1504
550
19800
800
680
21280
14
Southeast Asia network of climate change focal points
kw
hrs
kwh
watt
kwh
kwh
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
Years
A Case Study : High Mast Tower
Energy Efficient Lights
Southeast Asia network of climate change focal points
68
Present System
• In major installations such as Depots, Oil
terminals, retail outlets, LPG Plants,
Refineries, Petrochemicals, Railways, High
ways, Fly over's, Dry ports, Defence
establishments, normally sodium vapour/
Metal Halides lamps are used for lighting
purpose.
• One of the major area of concern is high cost
of power and maintenance.
Southeast Asia network of climate change focal points
Proposed System
•
A new technology, known as electrode less induction lighting, under the heating
“mag-coupled lamps” is available. The following table gives the comparison
between mag-coupled Electrode less lamps with HPSV Lamps
Comparison between Mag-Coupled Electrodeless Lamps with HPSV Lamps
Comparative
Parameters
Mag-Coupled Electrodeless
lamps
High Pressure Sodium
Vapour Lamps (HPS)
Actual Life
>60,000 hours
About 10,000 hours
Dimming Setting
50% power reduction with
timer
Not available in this
configuration
Color Rendering Index
(CRI)
> 80 ; Improves visibility
80
Lamp temperature
Lower <80OC, Reduce A/c
cost
Higher > 350OC, increase
A/c cost
Power Factor
> 0.98
0.85
Excellent energy efficiency
Low energy efficiency
200W , 0.97 A, 150W < 0.74
A; Effectively reduces the
wiring gauge requirement &
circuit switch capacity by 50%
Approx. 4.0A
Electric Current
Southeast Asia network of climate change focal points
Comparative
Parameters
Mag-Coupled Electrodeless
lamps
High Pressure Sodium
Vapour Lamps (HPS)
Power Output Stability
Permanent power, steady
output, flicker free
High fluctuation, flicker
visible
Voltage Fluctuation and
Lamp Efficiency
Fluctuation
Re-Strike Possibility
+ 20% / + 3%
+ 10% / + 20%
Yes, Instantaneous
Surface Temperature
Hot to the touch
No, 2-15 minute waiting
period
Extremely hot, will cause
injuries
Warranty Period
5 years warranty on lamp,
1 year on lamp and electrical
2 years on electrical apparatus apparatus
5% @ 2000 hrs
30% @ 2000 hrs
Lumen depreciation rate
(%)
Flicker
Glare
Environment friendly
None
None
No, mercury, No any waste
lamps in 10 years
Much
Much
Much concern of lots of
waste lamps
Southeast Asia network of climate change focal points
Demonstration
• A Pilot project has been
implemented in one of the oil
terminal India. The project
has been carried out for
reducing over all power
consumption in tower lights.
For demonstration purpose
one tower was selected and
existing HPSV Lamps has
been replaced with
electrode-less lamps. The
cost benefit of the project is
given below.
Southeast Asia network of climate change focal points
Cost-Benefit
Power
Lux at
consumption 30 mtr.
in watts
Distance
Energy Saving
Potential
Energy consumption with
HPSV lamps (16 x 400 Watts
+ 40 Watts per Choke) –
Tower No. 2 Old System
Energy consumption with 200
Watts electrode less lamps
(12 x 200 Watts) – Tower No.
2 New System
7040
8 -10
2310
12
Southeast Asia network of climate change focal points
Cost-Benefit
Annual savings w.r.t 200 Watts
electrode-less lamps (12 x 200 Watts)
Operating hours per day
Annual working days
Annual operating hours
Annual Energy Savings
Average Energy Cost ($/kWh)
Annual Monetary Savings
Cost of one Electrode-less lamp-200
Watts
No. of 200 watts electrode-less lamps
installed
Total cost for one tower (12x200 Watts)
Simple pay back period with energy
savings
4.73
kW
12
365
4380
20717
0.15
3107
520
12
kWh
$
$
$
12
6240
2.0
Southeast Asia network of climate change focal points
$
Years
Cost-Benefit
HPSV Replacement cost:
No of 400 W HPSV lamps in 3 Towers
48
No of lamps replaced in 17 months
No of Ballast replaced
No of capacitors / Ignitors replaces
39
25
20
Expenditure for Replacement ($)
Average Replacement cost / Year for 3
Towers ($)
Replacement cost for 1 Tower ($)
Simple pay back period including
energy savings and reduction in
Replacement expenditure
1100
700
230
1.8
Southeast Asia network of climate change focal points
Years
Comparison of HPSV & Electrode-less Lamps
ILLUMINATION
HPSV Lamps
Electrode Less Lamps
Southeast Asia network of climate change focal points
For further inquiries Contact
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Southeast Asia network of climate change focal points