Citing Sources - APA Style
(American Psychological Association)
Information and Examples
Ivy Tech Community College Northwest
Northwest Libraries
Note: Students should also comply with documentation requirements and expectations set
by individual instructors that might supplement or depart from this guide.
Citing Sources APA Style (December 2011)
Page 1
Credit: Northwest Ivy Tech Libraries wish to acknowledge the work of North Central, Lafayette, and
East Central Ivy Tech Libraries in enhancing the original documentation produced by Southwest.
Sources consulted for this guide:
Basics of APA style tutorial. (2009). APA style. Retrieved from American
Psychological Association website: http://www.apastyle.org/learn/tutorials/
basics-tutorial.aspx
American Psychological Association. (2010). Publication manual of the American Psychological
Association (6th ed.). Washington, D.C.: Author.
Purdue University Online Writing Lab (OWL), 24 August 2009. Online Writing Lab. Retrieved from
http:// http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/01/
NoodleTools http://noodletools.com.gary.libproxy.ivytech.edu/login.php
Issues of Ethics
Academic Integrity and Plagiarism
APA Style: In-text Citations and References
In-text Citations and Basic Works Cited Formats
Format for Citing Library Subscribed Databases
AccessScience
Biography Resource Center
EBSCOhost databases
Encyclopedia Britannica
Health and Wellness Resource Center
NetLibrary (ebooks)
Opposing Viewpoints
ProQuest databases
Website or Online Periodical (not a subscribed database)
Print Resources:
Book with One Author
Book with Two to Seven Authors
Book: Edited and Book: Collection of Essays
Encyclopedia
Government Document: Testimony before Congress
Journal: One Author and Journal: Multiple Authors
Magazines: No Author
Newspapers: No Author
Audio Recording and Radio Broadcast
Audio Speech Online
Blog
Radio Broadcast
TV: News Broadcast
TV: Series episode
Motion Picture
Title page for APA
References list for APA
Citing Sources APA Style (December 2011)
3
4
5
5
6
6
6
7
7
7
8
8-9
9
9
9
9
10
10
10
11
11
11
11
11
12
12
12
13
14
Page 2
Issues of Ethics
Academic Integrity: Ivy Tech Community College is committed to academic
integrity in all its practices. Cheating on papers, tests, or other academic works is a
violation of College rules. No student shall engage in behavior that, in the judgment of the
instructor of the class, may be construed as cheating. This may include, but is not limited
to, plagiarism or other forms of academic dishonesty such as the acquisition without
permission of tests or other academic materials and/or distribution of these materials and
other academic work. This includes students who aid and abet, as well as those who
attempt such behavior.
Cases of student misconduct and/or lack of academic integrity are to be referred to
the chief academic officer or chief student affairs officer. A student who violates the rules
and regulations of the College may be subject to disciplinary actions which may include, but
not limited to, the following: verbal reprimand; restitution for damages; restriction of
privileges; failure of the assignment or course; withdrawal from a course, program or the
College for the remainder of the semester or term; suspension from the College; dismissal
from the College; student may appeal for reinstatement.
Plagiarism: Much of your college education will involve learning what others have
written and then integrating those ideas into your own thinking; however, in academic
writing any ideas or words not credited to another are assumed to be those of the author.
Plagiarism occurs when you fail to give credit for ideas not original to you.
What must be acknowledged?
Any direct quotation. The exact words quoted must be placed in quotation marks.
Paraphrases and summaries of others’ ideas and/or words which provide background
information, present facts not commonly known, and explain various positions on
your topic.
If an author presents an arguable assertion that may or may not be true, cite the
source.
Statistics, charts, tables, and graphs from any source. Credit all graphic material
even if you create the graph.
The College considers the purchase of research papers or the employment of a person or
agency to prepare such papers to be plagiarism. In addition, though you may get help in
writing your paper, there are limits to the amount of help you can honestly receive. Others
may read your paper and point out weaknesses, but they must not rewrite the paper for
you. A problem can also occur if you submit the same paper for more than one course.
Discuss the assignment with your current instructor.
Citing Sources APA Style (December 2011)
Page 3
APA Style: References and In-Text Citations
In-Text Citation Format (citing a source within your paper)
APA If the author is named in the signal phrase, include the year of publication in
parentheses and a page reference at the end to refer to a specific passage:
According to Smithson (1999), a computer expert and university professor, “People,
not computers, will create Millennium Mania” (p. 23).
If the author is unnamed in the sentence, provide the name, date and page number at the
end:
One computer expert and university professor claims “people, not computers, will
create Millennium Mania” (Smithson, 1999, p. 23).
Basic References Formats
At the end of your paper, list the cited sources using a style and format chosen by
your instructor. The APA (American Psychological Association) style refers to this list as
References. Use these basic citation forms as a guideline, and then examine the citation
examples that follow. If your source does not provide a particular piece of information, skip
it and move on to the next piece of your citation. Remember, too, that you cite sources to
give credit to their authors and to provide your readers with enough information to locate
that source for further consideration. Refer to pages 180-215 of the APA handbook (6th ed.).
APA—References Format (Book)
Author, A. (Publication date). Title of work. City: Publisher.
APA—References Format (Periodical)
Author, A. (Year). Title of article. Title of Periodical, xx, pp-pp. doi:xxxxxxxxxx
If no doi (digital object identifier) number is available and the article was retrieved online,
include the homepage URL for the journal, newspaper or magazine. Retrieved from
http://www.
General Notes American Psychological Association (APA)
APA requires in-text citations (author’s last name, year, and page) for quotations;
when paraphrasing or referring to an idea contained in another work, authors are
encouraged to provide a reference location (page or ¶ number).
APA alphabetizes sources on a double-spaced References page.
APA places the author and the date of publication at the beginning of the entry.
APA does not capitalize all words in book and article titles but does capitalize titles of
magazines and journals.
APA initializes the authors’ first names.
APA does not underline, italicize or put quotes around the titles of shorter works such
as found in journal or magazine articles.
Indent all lines after the first line of a citation. This is called a hanging indentation.
APA does not abbreviate months.
Citing Sources APA Style (December 2011)
Page 4
Format for Citing Library Subscribed Databases
Ivy Tech Community College Library Subscribed Databases
This guide makes a distinction between online resources that are research databases
subscribed to by Ivy Tech Community College Northwest and all other web- or Internetbased resources. These subscribed databases offer full-text journals, magazines,
newspapers, and books and can be accessed from regional Virtual Library start pages onand off-campus.
To access Library resources log into Campus Connect http://cc.ivytech.edu
and select the Library tab.
References--Citation Examples
Format for Citing Library Subscribed Databases: Use the same basic APA format
previously shown with the additional information as shown.
APA basic citation format. In [work], doi: or Retrieved from database homepage url.
APA style for electronic references requires the use of the doi number when
available. When not available the journal homepage is the second choice. Third
choice is the database homepage. Your instructor may wish for you to include
the specific database name and access number (if provided) in addition to or in
lieu of the doi number or homepage urls. If you use NoodleTools all your
citation information is saved including the specific database source even if it
does not appear in the citation. Examples for library subscribed databases also
include a possible alternative without doi or homepage urls. Where available the
persistent link for the library database is used for the url.
Please remember that you must follow the directions of your
instructor when compiling your citations.
AccessScience
APA--References Format:
MacCracken, M.C. (n.d.). Climate change impacts. In McGraw-Hill’s accessscience
encyclopedia of science and technology online. doi:10.1036/1097-8542.YB020155
APA In-Text Citation: (MacCracken, n.d.)
APA No DOI or URL
MacCracken, M.C. (n.d.). Climate change impacts. In McGraw-Hill’s accessscience
encyclopedia of science and technology online. Retrieved from AccessScience
database.
Citing Sources APA Style (December 2011)
Page 5
Biography In Context
APA--References Format
Joseph Kennedy. (1999). In Encyclopedia of world biography supplement (Vol. 19). Retrieved
from http://ic.galenet.galegroup.com.allstate.libproxy.ivytech.edu/ic/bic1
APA In-Text Citation: (Joseph Kennedy, 1999)
APA No DOI or URL
Joseph P. Kennedy. (1999). In Encyclopedia of world biography supplement (Vol. 19).
Retrieved from Biography Resource Center database. (K1631007277)
EBSCOhost (a service offering a number of databases)
APA--References Format
Jeffrey, R. W., & French, S. A. (1998, February). Epidemic obesity in the United States: Are
fast foods and television viewing contributing? American Journal of Public Health,
88(2), 277-280. Retrieved from
http://gary.libproxy.ivytech.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?dir
ect=true&db=aph&AN=450468&site=ehost-live
APA In-Text Citation (Jeffrey & French, 1998, p. 278)
APA No DOI or URL
Jeffrey, R.W., & French, S.A. (1998, February). Epidemic obesity in the United States: Are
fast foods and television viewing contributing? American Journal of Public health,
88(2), 277-280. Retrieved from Academic Search Premier database. (450468)
APA--References Format
Diabetes mellitus. (2011). In Encyclopaedia britannica online. Retrieved from
http://original.search.eb.com.gary.libproxy.ivytech.edu.allstate.libproxy.ivytech.edu/e
b/article-9001565
APA In-Text Citation (Diabetes mellitus, 2011)
APA No DOI or URL
Diabetes mellitus. (2011). In Encyclopaedia britannica online. Retrieved from Encyclopaedia
Britannica Online database.
Citing Sources APA Style (December 2011)
Page 6
Health and Wellness Resource Center
APA--References Format
Pfeifer, M. A. (2001, June). Eye care: Catching problems early. Diabetes Forecast, 54(6), 10.
Retrieved from
http://galenet.galegroup.com.gary.libproxy.ivytech.edu.allstate.libproxy.ivytech.edu/
Servlet/HWRC/hits?docNum=A74571061&tcit
APA In-Text Citation (Pfeifer, 2001, p.10)
APA No DOI or URL
Pfeifer, M.A. (2001, June). Eye care: Catching problems early. Diabetes Forecast, 54(6), 10.
Retrieved from Health & Wellness Resource Center database. (A74571061)
EBSCO ebooks (apply this example to ebrary and Books 24X7)
APA—References Format
Bell, E., Haas, L., & Sells, L. (Eds.). (1995). From mouse to mermaid: The politics of film, gender, and
culture. Retrieved from
http://gary.libproxy.ivytech.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&
db=nlebk&AN=614&site=ehost-live&ebv=1&ppid=pp_COVER
APA In-Text Citation (Bell, Haas, & Sells, 1995)
APA No DOI or URL
Bell, E., Haas, L., & Sells, L. (Eds.). (1995). From mouse to mermaid: The politics of film,
gender, and culture. Retrieved from EBSCO ebooks database.
Opposing Viewpoints In Context
APA—References Format
Rentschler, W. H. (2000). The prison system does not work. In B. J. Grapes (Ed.), Current
Controversies Series: Prisons. Retrieved from
http://ic.galegroup.com.gary.libproxy.ivytech.edu.allstate.libraroxy.ivytech.edu/ic/
ovic/ViewpointsDetailsPage…..EJ3010059210
APA In-Text Citation (Rentschler, 2000)
APA No DOI or URL
Rentschler, W. H. (2000). The prison system does not work. In B. J. Grapes (Ed.),
Current Controversies Series: Prisons. Retrieved from Opposing Viewpoints In Context
database. (EJ3010059210)
Citing Sources APA Style (December 2011)
Page 7
ProQuest
APA--References Format
Koca, C. (2009, Spring). Gender interaction in coed physical education: A study in Turkey.
Adolescence, 44(173), 165-186. Retrieved from
http://search.proquest.com.gary.libproxy.ivytech.edu.allstate.libproxy.ivytech.edu/
docview/195939409?accountid=41043
APA In-Text Citation (Koca, 2009, p. 170)
APA No DOI or URL
Koca, C. (2009, Spring). Gender interaction in coed physical education: A study in Turkey.
Adolescence, 44(173), 165-186. Retrieved from ProQuest Research Library database.
(1676404851)
Citation Examples for Other Internet-based Resources
Advice for URLS (website addresses)
For resources from websites, use the URL (Uniform Resource Locator) as it appears in
the address box of the browser. It should begin with “http:” For in-text citations, use the
page numbers provided if the article is given as an image of the original (e.g., in .pdf format).
Provide paragraph numbers if available. If no page or paragraph numbers are available, omit
them; do not use page numbers from printouts.
Document or information from a website
APA—References Format
Rolfe, J. (n.d.). Letter of John Rolfe, 1614. In Virtual Jamestown. Retrieved from Virginia
Center for Digital History, University of Virginia website:
http://www.virtualjamestown.org/rolfe_letter.html
APA—In-Text Citation (Rolfe, n.d.)
An article in an online magazine (not a subscribed database)
APA—References Format
Boutin, P. (2003, June 23). Flipping the switch: Linux’s new popularity may hurt Apple more
than Microsoft. Slate. Retrieved from http://slate.msn.com/id/2084727/
APA In-Text Citation (Boutin, 2003)
Citing Sources APA Style (December 2011)
Page 8
An article in an online journal (not a subscribed database)
APA—References Format
Rajimehr, R., & Tootell, R.B.H. (2009, September 8). Does retinotopy influence cortical
folding in primate visual cortex? Journal of Neuroscience, 29(36), 11149-11152.
Doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1835-09.2009
APA In-Text Citation: (Rajimehr & Tootell, 2009)
Books: One Author
APA--References Format
Author, A. (Year). Title of book. Location: Publisher.
Tompkins, J. (1992). West of everything: The inner life of westerns. New York, NY: Oxford
University Press.
APA In-Text Citation (Tompkins, 1992)
Books: Two to Five Authors
APA--References Format:
Author, A., & Authoress, E. (Year). Title. Location: Publisher.
Rico, B., & Mano, S. (1991). American mosaic: Multicultural readings in context. Boston,
MA: Houghton.
APA In-Text Citation:
(Rico & Mano, 1991)
Books: Edited
APA--References Format
Editor, E., & Editor, E. (Eds.). (Year). Title. Location: Publisher.
Hornblower, S. & Spawforth, A. (Eds.). (1998). Oxford companion to classical civilization.
Oxford, England: Oxford University Press.
APA In-Text Citation (Hornblower & Spawforth, 1998)
Collection of Essays
APA--References Format
Author(s). Date. Article title. Book Editors. Book title. Pages. City: Publisher.
Cowan, F. J., Myerscough, E. A., & Smith, D. A. (1992). The death penalty should be imposed
on juvenile murderers. In M.D. Biskup & C. P. Cozic (Eds.), Current controversies:
Youth violence (pp. 221-226) San Diego, CA: Greenhaven Press.
APA In-Text Citation (Cowan, Myerscough, & Smith, 1992, p. 222)
Citing Sources APA Style (December 2011)
Page 9
Encyclopedia
APA--References Format
Author, A. (Year). Entry title. Encyclopedia title (ed., Vol., pp.). City: Publisher.
Cloos, M. (2004). Plate tectonics. In World book encyclopedia (pp.561-565). Chicago, IL:
Worldbook.
APA In-Text Citation (Cloos, 2004, p. 562)
Government Documents: Testimony in Congress
APA--References Format
Testimony, Hearing or Minutes Title. Number of Congress. Session of Congress. (Year).
(Name of Person Testifying – if applicable).
RU486: The import ban and its effect on medical research: Hearings on regulation, business
opportunities, and energy of the house committee on small business, 101st Cong. 35
(1990) (Testimony of Ronald Chesemore).
APA In-Text Citation (RU486: The Import, 1990)
Journal: One Author
APA--References Format
Knecht, M. (2003, June/July). Cell phones in the stacks. American Libraries, 34(6), 68-69.
APA In-Text Citation (Knecht, 2003)
Journal: Two to Five Authors
APA--References Format
Authors’ Last Names with First Initial. (Year). Article title. Journal title volume (Series),
Pages.
Hermes, B., Deakin, K., Lee, K., & Robinson, S. (2009, June). Suicide risk assessment.
Journal of Psychosocial Nursing, 47(6), 44-49. Doi:10.3928/02793695-20090428-03
APA In-Text Citation (Hermes, Deakin, Lee, & Robinson, 2009)
Magazines: No Author
APA--References Format
Article title. (Date). Magazine title volume, Pages.
Dishwashers. (2009, August). Consumer Reports, 37-39.
APA In-Text Citation: (Dishwashers, 2009)
Citing Sources APA Style (December 2011)
Page 10
Newspapers: No Author
APA--References Format
Article Title. Date. Newspaper Title, Pages.
Picasso recovered in Iraq raid. (2009, August 27). Chicago Tribune, p. 18.
APA In-Text Citation (Picasso recovered in Iraq raid, 2009, p. 18)
Audio Recording
APA--References Format:
Composer, C. (Copyright date). Song title. [Recorded by artist if different than writer]. On
Recording Title. [Recording Medium]. Location: Label. (Recording date if different than
copyright date).
McCain, E. (1997). I’ll be. On Misguided Roses [CD]. New York, NY: Atlantic.
APA In-Text Citation: (McCain, 1997)
Audio Speech Online
APA—References Format:
Recorder (Speaker). (Recording date). Title. [Audio podcast]. Retrieved from
King, M.L., Jr. (Speaker). (1963, August 28). I have a dream [Audio podcast]. Retrieved from
http://www.hpol.org/record.php?id=72
APA In-Text Citation: (King, 1963)
Blog
APA—References Format:
Online name. (Date). Re: Blog title [Web log message]. Retrieved from (complete url).
Example is a comment made in response to the original message.
Cat. (2009, September 9). Re: The future of libraries, with or without books [Web log
comment]. Retrieved from /librarybytes.com/: https://www.blogger.com/
comment.g?blogID=7833882&postID=3877315497043658027&isPopup=true
APA In-Text Citation: (Cat, 2009)
Citing Sources APA Style (December 2011)
Page 11
Radio Broadcast
APA--References Format
Writer’s Last Name, First initial. (Writers) & (Director). (Broadcast Year). Series Title [Radio
series]. Place of Broadcast: Network.
Magliozzi, T., & Magliozzi, R., & Smith, J. (Director). (1999). Car talk [Radio series]. New York,
NY: National Public Radio.
APA In-Text Citation (Magliozzi & Magliozzi, 1999)
TV: News Broadcast
APA--References Format
Producer’s Last Name, First initial. (Executive Producer). Director’s last name, First initial
(Director). (Broadcast Year). Broadcast Title. Place of Broadcast: Network.
Fowler, C. (Director). (2009). CBS 2 morning news [Television series]. Chicago, IL: WBBM.
APA In-Text Citation (Fowler, 2009)
TV: Series Episode
APA--References Format
Episode Writer’s Last Name, First name initial (Writer) & Director’s last name and first initial
(Director). (Year of Broadcast). Episode title [Television series episode]. In Producer’s
First initial and last name (Producer), Series Title. Place of Broadcast: Name of
Network.
Bernstein, J (Writer), & O’Hara, T. (Director). (2005). Doppelganger [Television series
episode]. In D. P. Bellisario (Producer), NCIS. New York, NY: CBS Broadcasting.
APA In-Text Citation (Bernstein, 2005)
Motion Picture
APA--References Format
Last name, first initial (Producer), & last name, first initial (Director). (Year). Title [Motion
picture]. Location: Studio.
Heyman, D., & Barron, D. (Directors), & Yates, D. (Director). (2009) Harry Potter and the
half-blood prince [Motion picture]. United States: Warner Bros. Pictures.
APA In-Text Citation (Heyman & Barron, 2009)
Citing Sources APA Style (December 2011)
Page 12
Running head: APES AND LANGUAGE
(position the running head at the top flush left of
the paper as part of the header)
Page number is positioned
flush top right
Apes and Language:
Position the title, byline
and affiliation in the upper
half of the page
A Review of the Literature
Shirley Knot
University of XXXX
Note: Students should also comply with documentation requirements and expectations set by individual instructors
that supplement or depart from this sample cover sheet. Examples include the Running head and information in
addition to the Title, Byline and College.
Citing Sources APA Style (December 2011)
Page 13
DIABETES MELLITUS (positioned as
part of the header flush left)
Page number positioned
flush right as part of header
References
Bloomgarden, Z. T. (2002, February). Treatment issues in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care, 25(2),
doi: 10.2337/diacare.25.2.390
Pfeifer, M. A. (2001, June). Eye care: Catching problems early. Diabetes Forecast, 54(6), 10.
Retrieved from
http://galenet.galegroup.com.allstate.libproxy.ivytech.edu/servlet/IOURL?locID=ivytech
8&ste=6&prod=HWRC&docNum=A74571061
Seiffge-Krenke, I. (2001). Diabetic adolescents and their families: Stress,
coping, and adaptation. Retrieved from
http://site.ebrary.com.gary.libproxy.ivytech.edu.allstate.libproxy.ivytech.edu/
lib/ivytech/docDetail.action?docID=10005717
Shapiro, L. (1998, July 13). In sugar we trust. Newsweek, 81(2), 72-74.
Williams, S. R. (1995). Basic nutrition and diet therapy. St. Louis, MO: Mosby.
Please note: Your instructor may wish for you to include the specific database name
(ProQuest, PsycARTICLE, etc.) in your citation in lieu of or in addition to the doi
number, journal homepage url or database url. The date retrieved is no longer part of
the citation.
Citing Sources APA Style (December 2011)
Page 14