Basics of Electricity
Date:
Rating.
TextPages: 262-280
POINTTOPONDER:
"Success is going from failure to failure without losing your
enthusiasm."—Abraham Lincoln
WHY STUDY THE BASICS OF ELECTRICITY?
1. As a cosmetologist, you will use many electrical appliances and knowledge
of electricity can help you use them safely and effectively. List the electrical
appliances you expect to use as cosmetologist. Then, once you have finished
reading this chapter in your textbook, recheck your list and add any additional
items you did not include the first time.
ELECTRICITY
2.
i
atom.
s
a form of energy; it is the movement of particles around an
3. When in motion, energy exhibits
effects.
4. A(n)
i
s
,
or
a flow of electricity along a conductor.
5. Any substance that easily transmits electricity is a
6. Which of the following is a conductor?
a
)
Wood
b
)
Copper
c
)
Cloth
d
)
Alcohol
7. A substance that does not easily transmit electricity is a(n)
N
a
m
e
fiveexamples.
o
r
a(n)
C h a p t e r 1 3 Basics of Electricity 1 3 9 '
8. Which of the following is not an insulator?
a
)
Rubber
b
)
Silk
c
)
Cement
d
)
Water
9. A(n)
i
s
the path of negative and positive electric currents
from the generating source through the conductor and back to its original
source.
10. Static shock is a form of electricity.
T r u e
F a l s e
11. Name the two types of electric current.
a)
b)
12. Direct current is a constant, even-flowing current that travels in d i r e c t i o n
and is produced by
13.
c u r r e n t is a rapid and interrupted current, flowing first in one
direction and then in the opposite direction.
14. What apparatus changes direct current to alternating current?
15. What apparatus changes alternating current to direct current?
16. Name which type of current each of the following items use.
a) Flashlights:
b) Curling irons:
c) Mobile phones:
d) Table lamps:
e) Car battery:
f) Hot rollers:
17. Match each term with its definition.
1
\l o ft
a) Measures the strength of an electrical current.
2
Amp
b) Measures how much electric energy is used in
1second.
140 C h a p t e r 1 3 B a sics o f E le c t ric it y
3 Milliampere
c )
Equals 1,000 watts.
4 Ohm
d
)
Measures the pressure or forte that pushes the
flow of electrons through a conductor.
5 Watt
e
)
Equals one-thousandth of an ampere.
6 Kilowatt
f
)
Measures the resistance of an electric current.
ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT SAFETY
18. When electrical wires in a wall overheat, the result is a(n)
19. A device that prevents excessive current from passing through a circuit is a
20. A switch that automatically interrupts or shuts off an electric circuit at the first
indication of overload is a
21. What does UL stand for?
22. What does the UL symbol mean when it's found on an electrical appliance?
23. What is grounding?
24. List all of the safety guidelines that you should adhere to when using electric
appliances in the salon.
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
h)
i)
D
C h a p t e r 1 3 B a sics o f E le c t ric it y 1 4 1
k)
I)
m)
n)
o)
ELECTROTHERAPY
25.
a
r
e
commonly referred to as electrotherapy.
26. A(n)
o
r
i
s
an instrument that plugs into an
ordinary wall outlet and produces different types of electric currents that are
used for
.
They are called
27. A(n)
,
or probe, is an applicator for directing the electric current
from the machine to the client's skin and is usually made of
,
or
28.
i n d i c a t e s the negative and positive poles of an electric current.
Electrotherapy devices always have one negatively charged pole, called a(n)
a n d onepositivelychargedpole,calleda(n)
29. The positive electrode is usually
sign.
30. The negative electrode is usually
(-) sign.
and is marked with a "P" or a plus (+)
and is marked with an "N" or minus
31. List the three modalities used in cosmetology.
a)
b)
c)
32.
c u r r e n t is constant and direct, with a positive and negative pole,
that produces chemical changes when it passes through the tissues and fluids
of the body.
33. The electrode used on the area to be treated is the e l e c t r o d e ; the
e l e c t r o d e i stheoppositepole.
142 C h a p t e r 1 3 B a sics o f E le c t ric it y
34.
i
s
the process of infusing water-soluble products into the skin
with the use of electric current.
35.
f o r c e s acidic substances into deeper tissues using galvanic
current from the positive toward the negative pole.
36.
i
s
the process of forcing liquids into the tissues from the
negative toward the positive pole.
37.
i
s
a process used to soften and emulsify grease deposits
and blackheads in the hair follicles.
38. A client with pustular acne is a good candidate for receiving galvanic current.
T r u e
F a l s e
MICROCURRENT
39. An extremely low level of electricity that mirrors the body's natural electrical
impulses is called
40. List nine ways this type of low level electricity may be beneficial to clients.
a)
b)
c)
e)
g)
h)
41. The
i
s
a thermal or heat-producing current with
a high frequency, commonly called the
a n d
is used for both scalp
and facial treatments.
42. The Testa current electrodes are made from either
o
r
43. List the benefits from the use of Testa high-frequency current.
a)
b)
C h a p t e r 1 3 B a sics o f E le c t ric it y
c)
e)
44. Neither Tesla high-frequency current nor microcurrent should be used on female
patients who are
OTHER ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT
45. Give the use or a description of each of the following electrical appliances.
a) Hood hair dryers/heat
lamps
b) Ionic hair dryers
c) Curling and fiat irons
d) Heating caps
(Th
e) Haircolor processing
machines
f) Steamers or vaporizers
LIGHT ENERGY AND LIGHT THERAPY
46.
i
s
electromagnetic radiation that we can see. Electromagnetic
radiation is also called b e c a u s e it carries energy through
space on waves.
47. The distance between two successive peaks is called the
48. Long wavelengths have low frequency, meaning w i t h
length. Short wavelengths have higher frequency, meaning
within a given length.
49. The
i
50. Visible light makes up
s
i
n
a given
part of the electromagnetic spectrum.
o
144 C h a p t e r 1 3 B a sics o f E le ct ricit y
f
natural sunlight.
r
T
h
51.
a
n
d
a
r
e
invisible because their wavelengths
are beyond the visible spectrum of light. They make up
o
f
natural
sunlight.
52. What are some other names for ultraviolet light?
53. List six characteristics of ultraviolet light.
a)
b)
c)
e)
h)
54. Which of the following types of UV light is used in tanning beds?
55.
a
)
UVA
b
)
UVB
c
)
UVC
h
a
s
the most heat.
long wavelengths, penetrates the deepest, and produces
56. What are some uses for infrared light in the salon?
57.
a r
either a
e
used to make reactions happen more quickly. They may be
energy source or a s o u r c e .
58. What is light therapy?
59. What does the acronym laser stand for?
L:
Pt
.
C h a p t e r 1 3 B a sics o f E le c t ric it y 1 4 5
S
:
E:
R:
60. What does the process of selective photothermolysis do?
61. What does LED stand for?
L:
E:
D:
62. Which color LED reduces acne?
63. Which color LED improves collagen and elastin production in the skin?
64. Which color LED reduces inflammation?
65. What is the name of a medical device that is used to treat spider veins, rosacea,
and excessive hair?
146 C h a p t e r 1 3 B a sics o f E le c t ric it y