Advancing the Vision for the
Utility of the Future
Erich W. Gunther, EnerNex
erich@enernex.com
http://www.enernex.com/
© 2013 EnerNex. All Rights Reserved. www.enernex.com
Topics Today
Recap of SCE Dtech Grid Management System Debut
– Grid Evolution and Challenges
– Architectural Perspective, Principles and Concepts
– Operational Capabilities and Field Technologies
Developing Grid Architecture
Recommended Next Steps
Industry Activities and References
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 Chairman and CTO, Cofounder ‐ EnerNex
 M.Eng. Electric Power 1984
Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (RPI)
 Strategic energy systems consulting engineer
 > 30 years electric utility engineering experience
 Extensive experience with utility communications
networks, technology, reliability, security  IEEE Smart Grid Founding Member / Advisory Committee
 Vice Chairman, Smart Grid Interoperability Panel (SGIP)
Board of Directors
 Key participant in EPRI IntelliGrid Architecture and Integrated Grid development effort
 SCE Grid Modernization System architecture team member
 Chairman of Utility Communication Architecture International Users Group (UCAIug)
 Chairman and Member Emeritus US DOE GridWise Architecture Council
 Member, Utilities Telecom Council Smart Networks Advisory Board
 GridWeek 2007, 2008, 2010 awards in recognition of technology leadership
 Author of numerous power system planning and simulation programs
V‐HARM, HarmFlo+, SuperHarm, SuperTran, NexHarm, TOP
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Policies
Technologies
• Falling costs of distributed generation
• Advancement in demand-side technologies
• Possible emergence of effective energy storage
• Anticipated plug-in electric vehicle adoption rates
• Concerns about future costs and reliability
• Increasing self-generation
• Interest in getting off the grid
Competition
• Ambitious environmental and renewable energy mandates
• Federal and state incentives for alternative energy
• Expectations about 3rd-party capabilities and technologies
Customers
External factors drive transformative change Emerging technologies enable new energy players:
• Consumer product and Internet companies
• New energy service companies
• Large integrators and defense contractors
• Traditional energy technology vendors
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…resulting in fundamental changes
Dispatchable
generation
Passive/predictable
loads
Human-in-the-loop
grid management
Rigid and centralized
system control
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Reduced stability due
to generation mix change
Drivers
• Policies
• Technologies
• Customers
• Competition
Stochastic
generation
Transactive
loads
Faster system dynamics
by orders of magnitude
EMERGING
CURRENT
Grid stability thru
rotational inertia
Flexible and resilient
distributed systems
5
Guiding principles
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New Capabilities Required
 Integrated Distribution Resource Planning
 Optimization across DER and Grid Assets
 Distribution Grid Operations
 Dynamic Supply – Demand Balancing
 Interconnect Process Improvements (DER –Generation, Storage, Demand Respond)
 Integrated Work Management
 Integrated Asset Management
 Safety, Reliability, and Resiliency Customer Strategy
Customer
Service
Enablement
Customer Research &
Analytics
Digital Customer Operations
Products & Services
Strategy
Customer Experience Strategy
Asset Strategy
Next Gen DSM
Management
Integrated Billing &
Collections
Interconnection / Customer DER Solutions
Digital Asset Management
Utility Grid
Preparedness
Education & Outreach
Asset Analytics
Asset Investment Planning & Management
Supply & Procurement
Enterprise and Technology Solutions
IT/OT & Data Architecture
Metering / AMI Operations
Business Intelligence /
Data Analytics
Customer Care & Solutions
IT & OT Solutions
Integrated Network Planning
Digital Work Management
Integrated Resource Planning
Integrated Work Planning
Reliability & Capacity Planning
Digital & DER Work Execution
Intelligent Grid & DER Operations
Comms. Networks
Network Data Integrity & Security
R&D & Innovation
Advanced Technology Testing
Grid Integration & Optimization
Pilots, Scalability & Integration
DER Asset & Energy Procurement
Distribution System
Optimization
Predictive Outage
Management
Grid Sited Storage
Integration
Microgrid Integration
DER Supply Planning & Forecasting
Power Supply &
Management
DER Dispatch
Management
DER Integration
Advanced Grid
Analytics
Finance Strategy
Financial Planning, Analysis
& Forecasting
Rate Case Analysis and Support
Advancement
of Regulatory
& Market
Agenda
Strategy
Revenue Growth Strategy
Strategic Business Planning
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Regulatory Affairs
Locational Price and Market
Modeling
Regulatory / Legislative Positioning
Integrated Rate Design
External Stakeholder Management
GRC Filing, Implementation & Compliance
Organizational Performance
Org. Value
Targeting
Org. Value
Realization
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Goals of the modern electric grid
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Systems of systems characteristics
Grid characterized by increasingly complex systems that are network‐
centric, real‐time, cyber‐physical‐social systems
 Thousands of platforms, operators, users supporting millions of sensors, decision nodes, actuators and customers
 Connected through heterogeneous wired and wireless networks
 Operating in a dynamic and ever evolving threat environment
Adapted from: SEI Ultra-Large Systems Study
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Challenges  Increasingly fragile grid reduces time to respond to events  Regulatory pace may not match solution readiness
 Energy technology to impact reliability may not be under direct control
 Grid must be hardened against cyber threats and attacks
 Optimization and stability algorithms must adapt to changing customer and device behaviors
 Modern grid must be affordable and align economic interests of DER owners and infrastructure providers to infrastructure needs of society
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Grid stability through technology
Basic capability
Advanced capabilities
Mechanical controls
Fly by wire
Stability through physics
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Stability through technology
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Modern grid architecture principles
 Ensure public and workforce safety, reliability and affordability
 Be flexible enough to accommodate future requirements through software‐centric designs, common services and layered architecture patterns
 Adhere to standards‐based connectivity (end‐to‐end IP), security, protocols and application specific profiles
 Use common semantic models, well‐defined systems of record and modern integration practices  Use common user interface frameworks for all applications
 Accommodate legacy grid equipment and protocols through gateways and virtualization
 Security is end‐to‐end and designed in to the architecture from the start
 Shall use distributed control and event‐driven architectures
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Layered architecture principles ensure flexibility •
•
•
•
•
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Operational capabilities supported by ubiquitous platforms and common services
Services available at the edge of the network and event driven
Communications design allows for connectivity across multiple network domains
Security is end‐to‐end and supports defense‐in‐depth principles
Hierarchical control allows for optimization algorithms at different levels in the system
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Modern grid control considerations
Develop distributed control & optimization diversity capabilities in DER integration
Scalability & Flexibility
–
–
–
–
Communications
Computation
Dynamic topology
Available measurements
Economic incentive variations
Reliability (hierarchal system design)
Security & trust engineering
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Modern grid information management
Goals:
Make data visible
Make data accessible
Enable data to
be understandable
Enable data
to be trusted
Enable data
interoperability
Actions:
 Make Data Assets Available to the Enterprise:
– Use metadata to describe and advertise data assets – Create data asset catalogs and organize by community‐defined structure – Post data assets to shared space for Enterprise users  Make System Data / Processes Available to the Enterprise:
– Define and register format and semantics of system data and processes
– Provide reusable/easy‐to‐call access services to make system data and processes available to the Enterprise
To make the right decisions
at the right time
Courtesy DOD office of CIO
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Need for a Unified Platform
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Grid Management System Overview
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Unified platform
Service-based
architecture
Integrated set of
operational functions
Distributed intelligence /
edge computing
Multi-objective control:
reliability, optimization,
economic
Well defined interfaces to
promote interoperability
Single source of truth
(Systems of record &
interaction)
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Reliability System
Facilitates the consistent, reliable, and safe flow of electricity across the distribution network
 Adaptive relaying and protection
 Outage and restoration
 Tag‐outs and crew safety
 Supervision of the distribution grid
 Management of the Mode of Operation in each area of the grid
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Optimization System
Facilitates the optimal generation, consumption, and efficient exchange of electricity across the distribution network.
• Multi-objective optimization of
Power Flow and Distributed
Energy Resources (DER)
• Automation of, and
communications to DER, DA, SA,
BEMS, and HEMS
• Distribution and Sub-transmission
State Estimation and equipment
status management
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Planning System
Provides guidance regarding updates and changes to the distribution network including all phases of traditional grid planning.
 Maintaining a dynamic topologically correct, temporally correct, electrically correct grid model  Planning scenario management from planning to operations (What If?)
 Monitored condition based asset management and maintenance
 Forecasting and load profiling to the individual premise
 Electrical simulations support  Management of micro‐climate weather information and forecasts
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Economic System
Interacts with markets and contracts to ensure that the economic implications of the distribution network are appropriately realized.
 Maintaining the actionable portions of contracts with customers
 Maintaining tariff and program enrollment by premise
 Pre‐calculating the least cost options for grid operations based on forecast conditions
 Verification of customer system performance based on requested actions
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Infrastructure Management System
Manages both the information technology (IT) and the operations technology (OT) that comprise the GMS.
 Grid device status
 Communications network status
 Sensor status
 Trust of devices
 Cyber‐Security
 Device firmware and software
 IT and OT health
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Data Repository System
Provides comprehensive archiving and organizing for all relevant grid data and ensures data availability to fulfill real‐time grid functions and long‐term needs
 Data Management
 Interactions with external systems (e.g. weather, ISO/RTO, etc.)
 Archiving
 Historical re‐creation
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Integration System
Enables managed interaction between disparate GMS entities and services through protocol translation and seamless messaging.
 Queuing  Data and protocol translation and transformation
 Streaming event processing
 Orchestration and coordination of the GMS components
 Scheduling
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Communication System
Facilitates connectivity and transport of information across all systems of the GMS.
 Manages communication to the field devices
 Prioritizes traffic where bandwidth or latency is an issue
 Works with all types of communications networks
 Allows the flow of information from Edge to Distributed to Central domains
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Required Grid Management Capabilities
Monitor
•
•
•
Real Time
Situational
Awareness
Power Quality
Awareness
Distribution Load
Flow Analysis
•
•
•
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Auto Circuit
Reconfiguration
DER Dispatch
Micro-grid
Management
Optimize
Predict
Control
•
•
•
Short term DER
Forecasting
Long Term DER
Forecasting
Contingency
Analysis
•
•
•
Voltage
Optimization
Power Flow
Optimizations
Adaptable
Protection
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Enabling an Integrated and Flexible Distribution Grid 27
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Transforming Substations into Intelligent Hubs Common Substation Platform:
•
Server-grade redundancy in the
substation
•
High availability, high capacity
computing platform
•
Centralized management of
software/firmware
• Open, non-proprietary
communications standard – IEC61850
•
Provides cyber-security / network
segmentations
• Process bus
•
•
Supports de-centralized control
applications
IT & OT device access and mgmt
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Next Generation Substation
Automation:
• Remote management and
diagnostics of equipment
• Data beyond SCADA: predictive
maintenance
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Distributing Controls to Support the DER Future
Proof of Concept:
• Field message bus
• Machine to machine
automated dispatch
• Distributed DER control
coordination
• End to end centralized
model –integration
• 3rd party DER aggregator
integration
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Developing Grid Architecture
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CEC Communications “Architecture”
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NIST Smart Grid Reference Model
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EU Smart Grid Architectural Model (SGAM) Framework
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Architecture
 It is NOT just a pretty picture – but they do help
 It is a comprehensive process to create a system that meets business needs with technology that can evolve
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Architectural “Artifacts”
http://pubs.opengroup.org/architecture/togaf9-doc/arch/chap35.html
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The Open Group Architectural Framework
TOGAF
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Pacific Northwest National Lab (PNNL)
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Recommended Next Steps
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5 Key Steps for Utility of the Future
 Scenario Planning to understand more clearly the drivers and interdependencies related to scale and pace of change
 Business Option/s definition based on scenario planning, corporate strategy/fit and initial screening analyses
 Organization Capability assessments for selected business options addressing people, processes and other resources
 Roadmaps (functional and technology) for selected business options based on business and technology architectures
 Regulatory Strategic Plan to identify opportunities, barriers and advocacy needed to execute preferred business options
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Scenario Planning
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EPRI Integrated Grid Assessment Framework
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EnerNex Distribution Plant Analysis and Investment Evaluation Process
Distribution Plant Characterization
Future Scenario & Transitions
 Inventory Distribution Assets
 Characterize existing customer load
 Incorporate AMI system data







Analyze Scenarios Against Physical Plant
 Develop categories of distribution feeder capability that cover the range of scenarios
 Identify "trajectory" of each feeder ‐ towards which category in what time period
Identify drivers of changing load
Forecast changes over 20 year horizon
Use commodity market demographic analytics
Incorporate fixed state regulatory drivers and goals
Validate against corporate and department roadmaps
Identify key transition points
Formulate architecturally significant scenarios
Feeder Selection for Potential Solution Analysis






Pick strata variables for sample
Fit topological and geographical categories
Residential, Commercial, Industrial
Singe and three phase
Range of existing and planned EV and PV/DG
Verify trajectory (starting point, end point, speed)
Distribution System Investment
Sample Feeder Analysis
Economic Analysis
 Analyze feeders at various points along trajectory
 Harmonics, flicker, balance, forward/reverse flow variability, protection, fault levels, var requirements
 Impact of load variability
 Impact of existing and expected DR and other programs
 Develop integrated engineering/economic model or modeling/simulation process
 Perform technology solution mapping
 Identify cost ranges given technology mapping results
 Leverage other utility investment models EnerNex and Newport are currently using
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EPRI IntelliGrid Process
Developed under contract for EPRI by EnerNex and GE IECSA Team
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Industry Activities
 New activity ‐ SGIP Grid Management Working Group
– Sharing of use cases around integration of DER
– Driving and documenting the requirements for what engineering planning, the architecture, and system control needs to be with penetration of DER. Utilities want to drive the requirements so they can then share this with vendors as to what their future needs/requirements are versus building the systems designed around vendor capability.
– Sharing utility architecture and IT/OT lessons learned to help each other with updating 5 year and 10 year strategy plans
– Exchanging research and outputs from that research
– Driving the use cases and requirements is a keen focus for many of the utilities.
– The group aims to bring together utility business folks, IT & architecture, and T&D folks as working across the utility functional areas is key as the future grid is designed and planned
 EPRI Integrated Grid
 DOE and PNNL Grid Architecture
 Grid 3.0
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Conclusions
 The distribution system infrastructure must evolve significantly to meet the demand for new
operating models
 A disciplined approach to architecture
development (TOGAF) and assessing current infrastructure and organizational capability
and requirements capture based on strategic
drivers is required (IntelliGrid Methodology)
 Substantial investment is required
 Scenario based analysis bolstered by system modeling and simulation is required to evaluate investment options
 Other utilities like SCE have already begun the journey and lessons learned and best practices are starting to emerge
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Reference List
•
Southern California Edison Grid Management System Architecture ‐
www.edison.com/home/innovation/smart‐grids.html
•
EPRI Integrated Grid ‐ http://integratedgrid.epri.com/
•
Grid 3.0 – http://www.smartgridsharepoint.org/grid3pt0
•
PNNL Grid Architecture ‐ http://gridarchitecture.pnnl.gov/ and http://energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2015/04/f22/QER%20Analysis%20‐
%20Grid%20Architecture_0.pdf
•
DOE Grid Architecture ‐ http://energy.gov/epsa/downloads/grid‐architecture
•
TOGAF ‐ http://pubs.opengroup.org/architecture/togaf9‐doc/arch/chap01.html
•
http://www.enernex.com/wp‐content/uploads/2013/07/Architecture2.pdf
•
EU SGAM ‐
http://ec.europa.eu/energy/sites/ener/files/documents/xpert_group1_reference_arc
hitecture.pdf
•
IEEE Smart Grid ‐ http://smartgrid.ieee.org/
•
EnerNex – www.enernex.com
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Thanks to SCE for the GMS vision and providing our team the opportunity to participate in the project!
Questions?
Erich W. Gunther
erich@enernex.com
Backup Slides
People Capabilities
 Novel & Adaptive Thinking


The average employee will need a greater understanding of utility business strategy and proficiency at thinking and coming up with creative, non‐rule‐based solutions
Specific groups of employees (e.g. account managers or commercial employees) will need much deeper knowledge of DER alternatives and cost/benefit information as well as stronger commercial skills (strategic sales, contracting, negotiation, etc.) to solve problems for the customers of the future and provide solutions to manage their energy needs
 Transdisciplinarity


Linemen and other operations personnel will need additional knowledge and training to support the evolution from an analog to digital grid and the integration of distributed energy resources, as well as greater literacy in and ability to understand concepts across multiple disciplines
Virtual Collaboration

Will need to develop the ability to work productively, drive engagement and demonstrate presence as a member of a virtual team as we may have to work even more actively with “channel” partners – with human processes and with technology – to satisfy our new customers’ needs  Computational Thinking 
Development of new product and service offerings will require the ability to translate vast amounts of data into abstract concepts and to understand data‐based reasoning
 New Media Literacy

In order to meet raised customer expectations, employees will need to be able to critically assess and develop content that uses new media forms, and leverage these media for persuasive communication
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New Engineering Skills Required
 Basic electrical and electric power engineering
– Electronics, load flow, short circuit, stability, transients
 Communications
– Physical media, protocols, info models, networks, traffic analysis
 Distributed Computing / Intelligence / Complex Systems
– Software, agent based computing, local automation, stochastic processes
 Security
– Physical and cyber
 Systems of Systems Engineering
– Integration, control theory, reliability, stability, security
 Enterprise Architecture
– Databases, Service Oriented Architecture
 Business, Economics, and Regulation
– Understanding the business, cost/benefit, business case
 People Skills – Internal to break down silos, external to understand customer needs
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