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Global Warming and Renewable Energy Ahmed G. Abo-Khalil Power Electronics and Power Conversion , Assiut University Overview of 1st lecture • • • • Relative impacts of greenhouse gases Sources and sinks of CO2 Options for reducing global warming Overview of some renewable energy tec hnologies Power Electronics and Power Conversion , Assiut University Global Warming Power Electronics and Power Conversion , Assiut University Global Warming Potential Power Electronics and Power Conversion , Assiut University Sources of CO2 Power Electronics and Power Conversion , Assiut University Country Comparisons Power Electronics and Power Conversion , Assiut University Negative Effects of Global Warming Power Electronics and Power Conversion , Assiut University General outlook Power Electronics and Power Conversion , Assiut University Mitigation options: sinks Power Electronics and Power Conversion , Assiut University Greenhouse Gases • The major greenhouse gases are water vapor, which causes about 36–70% of the greenhouse effect on E arth (not including clouds); carbon dioxide, which ca uses 9–26%; methane, which causes 4–9%, and ozo ne, which causes 3–7%. It is not possible to state tha t a certain gas causes a certain percentage of the gr eenhouse effect, because the influences of the vario us gases are not additive. (The higher ends of the ra nges quoted are for the gas alone; the lower ends, fo r the gas counting overlaps.)[3][4] Other greenhous e gases include, but are not limited to, nitrous oxide, sulfur hexafluoride, hydrofluorocarbons, perfluorocar bons and chlorofluorocarbons (see IPCC list of green house gases). Power Electronics and Power Conversion , Assiut University Greenhouse Gases • burning of fossil fuels and deforestation leading to higher carbon dioxide concentrations; livestock and paddy rice f arming, land use and wetland changes, pipeline losses, an d covered vented landfill emissions leading to higher met hane atmospheric concentrations. Many of the newer style fully vented septic systems that enhance and target the fer mentation process also are major sources of atmospheric methane; use of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) in refrigerati on systems, and use of CFCs and halons in fire suppressio n systems and manufacturing processes. • agricultural activities, including the use of fertilizers, that lead to higher nitrous oxide concentrations. Power Electronics and Power Conversion , Assiut University • The U.S. EPA ranks the major greenhouse ga s contributing end-user sectors in the followi ng order: industrial, transportation, residential , commercial and agricultural[8]. Major sourc es of an individual's GHG include home heati ng and cooling, electricity consumption, and t ransportation. Corresponding conservation m easures are improving home building insulatio n, cellular shades, compact fluorescent lamp s and choosing high miles per gallon vehicles . Power Electronics and Power Conversion , Assiut University Greenhouse Gases Power Electronics and Power Conversion , Assiut University Comparison of transport efficienc y Power Electronics and Power Conversion , Assiut University Comparison of car CO2emissions Power Electronics and Power Conversion , Assiut University Mitigation options: sources Power Electronics and Power Conversion , Assiut University Electric Power Generation Power Electronics and Power Conversion , Assiut University Power Electronics and Power Conversion , Assiut University Turbine Generator Unit Power Electronics and Power Conversion , Assiut University \Improved generation efficiency with gas: Power Electronics and Power Conversion , Assiut University Power Electronics and Power Conversion , Assiut University Renewable Energy Power Electronics and Power Conversion , Assiut University Energy Flow Power Electronics and Power Conversion , Assiut University Hydroelectricity Power Electronics and Power Conversion , Assiut University Power Electronics and Power Conversion , Assiut University Hydropower Power Electronics and Power Conversion , Assiut University Power Electronics and Power Conversion , Assiut University • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cEL7 yc8R42k&feature=player_embedded Power Electronics and Power Conversion , Assiut University Photovoltaics Power Electronics and Power Conversion , Assiut University Solar Thermal Energy Power Electronics and Power Conversion , Assiut University Solar Thermal Energy Power Electronics and Power Conversion , Assiut University Power Electronics and Power Conversion , Assiut University Wind Energy Power Electronics and Power Conversion , Assiut University Vertical axis wind turbines Power Electronics and Power Conversion , Assiut University HAWT • Almost all modern turbines follow this design • Very rapidly growing market: 35% per year Power Electronics and Power Conversion , Assiut University Power Electronics and Power Conversion , Assiut University Power Electronics and Power Conversion , Assiut University Tidal Energy: tidal currents Power Electronics and Power Conversion , Assiut University Wave Energy Power Electronics and Power Conversion , Assiut University Power Electronics and Power Conversion , Assiut University Power Electronics and Power Conversion , Assiut University Geothermal Conversion Power Electronics and Power Conversion , Assiut University Power Electronics and Power Conversion , Assiut University Nuclear Power Power Electronics and Power Conversion , Assiut University Power Electronics and Power Conversion , Assiut University Conclusions Power Electronics and Power Conversion , Assiut University Power Electronics and Power Conversion , Assiut University Power Electronics and Power Conversion , Assiut University
