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Fax: 418 843 3444 / Email: info@consulab.com
A ConsuLab presentation
INTRODUCTION
TO THE
DIGITAL STORAGE OSCILLOSCOPE
(DSO)
DICK KRIEGER – JUNE 2016
dkrieger@consulab.com
CLASSHANDOUT
CLASSHANDOUT
CLASSHANDOUT
automotive repair industry seems like is always in a state of evolutionary change. Changes in vehicle technology,
nges in diagnostic routines, changes in technician training requirements and also changes in diagnostic equipment
ATEGORIESOFINFORMATION:
ATEGORIESOFINFORMATION:
ATEGORIESOFINFORMATION:
uirements. Automotive instructors and technicians are often overwhelmed with the amount of information that
I N T Rawareness.
O D U C T I OSorting
N T O itT HallE out
D Scan
O be somewhat overwhelming. To help with this issue, it often has
mes across their
heautomotiverepairindustryseemslikeisalwaysinastateofevolutionarychange.Changesinvehicletechnology,
eautomotiverepairindustryseemslikeisalwaysinastateofevolutionarychange.Changesinvehicletechnology,
heautomotiverepairindustryseemslikeisalwaysinastateofevolutionarychange.Changesinvehicletechnology,
n said that all of the information available in the automotive service industry could be divided into categories of: 1angesindiagnosticroutines,changesintechniciantrainingrequirementsandalsochangesindiagnosticequipment
angesindiagnosticroutines,changesintechniciantrainingrequirementsandalsochangesindiagnosticequipment
hangesindiagnosticroutines,changesintechniciantrainingrequirementsandalsochangesindiagnosticequipment
ed to knowCATEGORIES
this, 2- Nice
know this and 3- Not really necessary to know this. It has also been stated that the amount
OFto
INFORMATION:
quirements.Automotiveinstructorsandtechniciansareoftenoverwhelmedwiththeamountofinformationthat
quirements.Automotiveinstructorsandtechniciansareoftenoverwhelmedwiththeamountofinformationthat
quirements.Automotiveinstructorsandtechniciansareoftenoverwhelmedwiththeamountofinformationthat
material in The
theautomotive
“need to know”
category
represents
about
the total available
Whether
you agree with
repair industry
seems
like is always
in a25%
state of
of evolutionary
change.content.
Changes in
vehicle techmesacrosstheirawareness.Sortingitalloutcanbesomewhatoverwhelming.Tohelpwiththisissue,itoftenhas
mesacrosstheirawareness.Sortingitalloutcanbesomewhatoverwhelming.Tohelpwiththisissue,itoftenhas
omesacrosstheirawareness.Sortingitalloutcanbesomewhatoverwhelming.Tohelpwiththisissue,itoftenhas
percentage
break
downinordiagnostic
not, theroutines,
knowledge
of how
to setup,
use requirements
and interpret
waveforms
is now in the
nology,
changes
changes
in technician
training
andscope
also changes
in diagnostic
eensaidthatalloftheinformationavailableintheautomotiveserviceindustrycouldbedividedintocategoriesof:1ensaidthatalloftheinformationavailableintheautomotiveserviceindustrycouldbedividedintocategoriesof:1-
eensaidthatalloftheinformationavailableintheautomotiveserviceindustrycouldbedividedintocategoriesof:1equipment
requirements.
Automotive
instructors
and
technicians
are
often
overwhelmed
with
the
amount
of
egory of “need to know”.
eedtoknowthis,2-Nicetoknowthisand3-Notreallynecessarytoknowthis.Ithasalsobeenstatedthattheamoun
eedtoknowthis,2-Nicetoknowthisand3-Notreallynecessarytoknowthis.Ithasalsobeenstatedthattheamou
eedtoknowthis,2-Nicetoknowthisand3-Notreallynecessarytoknowthis.Ithasalsobeenstatedthattheamou
information that comes across their awareness. Sorting it all out can be somewhat overwhelming. To help with
materialinthe“needtoknow”categoryrepresentsabout25%ofthetotalavailablecontent.Whetheryouagreewi
materialinthe“needtoknow”categoryrepresentsabout25%ofthetotalavailablecontent.Whetheryouagreewit
materialinthe“needtoknow”categoryrepresentsabout25%ofthetotalavailablecontent.Whetheryouagreewi
this issue, it often has been said that all of the information available in the automotive service industry could be
vances in electrical
and electronic vehicle technology occurring over recent years have in certain cases made the use
divided into categories of: 1- Need to know this, 2- Nice to know this and 3- Not really necessary to know this.
epercentagebreakdownornot,theknowledgeofhowtosetup,useandinterpretscopewaveformsisnowinthe
epercentagebreakdownornot,theknowledgeofhowtosetup,useandinterpretscopewaveformsisnowinthe
epercentagebreakdownornot,theknowledgeofhowtosetup,useandinterpretscopewaveformsisnowinthe
oscilloscopes
in troubleshooting
and
to diagnose
vehicle
systems
It has
also been stated that
thediagnosis
amount of almost
materialmandatory.
in the “need toAttempting
know” category
represents some
about 25%
of the
tegoryof“needtoknow”.
tegoryof“needtoknow”.
ategoryof“needtoknow”.
hout a DSOtotal
canavailable
often result
in guesswork
thewith
resulting
installation
unnecessary
parts.
content.
Whether youand
agree
the percentage
breakof
down
or not, therepair
knowledge
of how to
setup, use and interpret scope waveforms is now in the category of “need to know”.
dvancesinelectricalandelectronicvehicletechnologyoccurringoverrecentyearshaveincertaincasesmadetheuse
dvancesinelectricalandelectronicvehicletechnologyoccurringoverrecentyearshaveincertaincasesmadetheuse
dvancesinelectricalandelectronicvehicletechnologyoccurringoverrecentyearshaveincertaincasesmadetheuse
Advances in electrical and electronic vehicle technology occurring over recent years have in certain cases made
oscilloscopesintroubleshootinganddiagnosisalmostmandatory.Attemptingtodiagnosesomevehiclesystems
oscilloscopesintroubleshootinganddiagnosisalmostmandatory.Attemptingtodiagnosesomevehiclesystems
oscilloscopesintroubleshootinganddiagnosisalmostmandatory.Attemptingtodiagnosesomevehiclesystems
the use of oscilloscopes in troubleshooting
diagnosis
almost mandatory.
TOTAL and
AUTOMOTIVE
INFORMATION
SUMMARY Attempting to diagnose some vehicle
thoutaDSOcanoftenresultinguessworkandtheresultinginstallationofunnecessaryrepairparts.
thoutaDSOcanoftenresultinguessworkandtheresultinginstallationofunnecessaryrepairparts.
ithoutaDSOcanoftenresultinguessworkandtheresultinginstallationofunnecessaryrepairparts.
systems without a DSO can often result in guesswork and the resulting installation of unnecessary repair parts.
25% IS STUFF YOU NEED TO KNOW
EF HISTORY OF ELECTRICAL DIAGNOSIS:
many years, (beginning in the 40’s), the use of a 12V test light was the standard diagnostic tool commonly used
oughout the automotive service industry. Diagnosis consisted of primarily asking the question: “Is there voltage here
RIEFHISTORYOFELECTRICALDIAGNOSIS:
RIEFHISTORYOFELECTRICALDIAGNOSIS:
RIEFHISTORYOFELECTRICALDIAGNOSIS:
BRIEF
ELECTRICAL
DIAGNOSIS:
not?” Then,
weHISTORY
realizedOFthat
test lights
could also test for grounds and even “voltage drops” if we could visualize
For many
the 40’s),
use of12V
a 12V
test light was
thebulbs
standard
toolrelative
com- large
w dim the light
was.years,
Most(beginning
early testinlights
werethe
simple
incandescent
light
thatdiagnostic
consumed
rmanyyears,(beginninginthe40’s),theuseofa12Vtestlightwasthestandarddiagnostictoolcommonlyused
rmanyyears,(beginninginthe40’s),theuseofa12Vtestlightwasthestandarddiagnostictoolcommonlyused
ormanyyears,(beginninginthe40’s),theuseofa12Vtestlightwasthestandarddiagnostictoolcommonlyused
monly
used
throughout
the
automotive
service
industry.
Diagnosis
consisted
of
primarily
asking
the
question:
ounts of current when considered with sensitive electronic circuits. We learned the term “impedance” and realized
roughouttheautomotiveserviceindustry.Diagnosisconsistedofprimarilyaskingthequestion:“Istherevoltagehe
roughouttheautomotiveserviceindustry.Diagnosisconsistedofprimarilyaskingthequestion:“Istherevoltagehe
roughouttheautomotiveserviceindustry.Diagnosisconsistedofprimarilyaskingthequestion:“Istherevoltagehe
“Is high
there impedance
voltage here test
or not?”
we realized
thatdamage
test lights
also test
for grounds
and even “voltt we needed
lightsThen,
to prevent
circuit
tocould
sensitive
electronic
components
as technology
age drops” if we could visualize how dim the light was. Most early test lights were simple 12V incandescent
not?”Then,werealizedthattestlightscouldalsotestforgroundsandeven“voltagedrops”ifwecouldvisualize
not?”Then,werealizedthattestlightscouldalsotestforgroundsandeven“voltagedrops”ifwecouldvisualize
rnot?”Then,werealizedthattestlightscouldalsotestforgroundsandeven“voltagedrops”ifwecouldvisualize
rting usinglight
computers
and
other solid
state
devices.
Even
today,
it is
possiblewith
to still
find “low
impedance”
bulbs that
consumed
relative
large
amounts of
current
when
considered
sensitive
electronic
circuits. test lights
owdimthelightwas.Mostearlytestlightsweresimple12Vincandescentlightbulbsthatconsumedrelativelarge
wdimthelightwas.Mostearlytestlightsweresimple12Vincandescentlightbulbsthatconsumedrelativelarge
owdimthelightwas.Mostearlytestlightsweresimple12Vincandescentlightbulbsthatconsumedrelativelarge
hough theyWe
should
be the
avoided
for use on any
modern
vehicle.
learned
term “impedance”
andrelatively
realized that
we needed
high impedance test lights to prevent cirmountsofcurrentwhenconsideredwithsensitiveelectroniccircuits.Welearnedtheterm“impedance”andrealized
mountsofcurrentwhenconsideredwithsensitiveelectroniccircuits.Welearnedtheterm“impedance”andrealized
mountsofcurrentwhenconsideredwithsensitiveelectroniccircuits.Welearnedtheterm“impedance”andrealized
cuit damage to sensitive electronic components as technology starting using computers and other solid state
atweneededhighimpedancetestlightstopreventcircuitdamagetosensitiveelectroniccomponentsastechnology
atweneededhighimpedancetestlightstopreventcircuitdamagetosensitiveelectroniccomponentsastechnology
atweneededhighimpedancetestlightstopreventcircuitdamagetosensitiveelectroniccomponentsastechnology
devices. Even today, it is possible to still find “low impedance” test lights although they should be avoided for
artingusingcomputersandothersolidstatedevices.Eventoday,itispossibletostillfind“lowimpedance”testlight
artingusingcomputersandothersolidstatedevices.Eventoday,itispossibletostillfind“lowimpedance”testligh
artingusingcomputersandothersolidstatedevices.Eventoday,itispossibletostillfind“lowimpedance”testligh
use on any relatively modern vehicle.
thoughtheyshouldbeavoidedforuseonanyrelativelymodernvehicle.
houghtheyshouldbeavoidedforuseonanyrelativelymodernvehicle.
thoughtheyshouldbeavoidedforuseonanyrelativelymodernvehicle.
consulab.com
2
INTRODUC TION TO THE DSO
Then,astheybecamemorecommonlyavailable,theanalogandthenthedigitalmulti-metersbecamemorecommon.
Then,
as they became more commonly available, the analog and digital multi-meters were more often used by
Theyhavebeenthediagnostictoolstandardformany,manyyears.
as they became
morebeen
commonly
available, the
analog
and then
digital
multi-meters
repair Then,
technicians.
They have
the diagnostic
tool
standard
for the
many,
many
years. became more common.
They
been
the diagnostic
tool standard
for many,
manyand
years.
Then,have
as they
became
more commonly
available,
the analog
then the digital multi-meters became more common.
They have been the diagnostic tool standard for many, many years.
ANALOGMETER
DIGITALMETER
IMPEDANCE
(CIRCUIT & TEST EQUIPMENT)
IMPEDANCE(CIRCUIT&TESTEQUIPMENT)
DIGITAL METER For use on today’s cars,
Theterm“impedance”isimportanttoknowwhenusinganaloganddigitalmulti-meters.Foruseontoday’scars,most
The term “impedance” is importantANALOG
to knowMETER
when using analog and digital multi-meters.
ANALOG METER
DIGITAL METER
digitalmetershaveaminimumof20MegOhmImpedance.
most digital meters have a minimum of 20 MegOhm Impedance.
IMPEDANCE (CIRCUIT & TEST EQUIPMENT)
ELECTRICALIMPEDANCE
oftestequipment
The
term
“impedance”
important
to know when using analog and digital multi-meters. For use on today’s cars, most
IMPEDANCE
(CIRCUIT
TEST
EQUIPMENT)
ELECTRICAL
IMPEDANCE
of&istest
equipment
• term
Impedanceisfundamentallyresistance
digital
meters
have a minimum
of 20toMegOhm
Impedance.
The
“impedance”
is important
know when
using analog and digital multi-meters. For use on today’s cars, most
• Impedance
is fundamentally resistance
• Highimpedancereferstoahighresistancewhich“Loads”acircuitlesswhentesting.IfIhookupahigh
digital
meters have a minimum of 20 MegOhm Impedance.
impedancetestlightormeteritwillloadthecircuitless(ifatall)andwillnotaffectthemeasurementmuch.
• High
impedance
refers to
high
resistance which “Loads” a circuit less when testing. If I hook up a high
ELECTRICAL
IMPEDANCE
of atest
equipment
•
Lowimpedanceindicatesalowresistancewhich“Loads”acircuitmorewhentestingandwillaffect(change)
impedance
test light
or meter
willresistance
load the circuit less (if at all) and will not a major affect the measure• Impedance
is fundamentally
ELECTRICAL
IMPEDANCE
of test it
equipment
themeasurement.(Insomecases,usinglowimpedancetestequipmentcanresultincircuitdamage)
ment
readings.
•
Impedance
is
fundamentally
resistance

High
impedance
refers
to
a
high
resistance which “Loads” a circuit less when testing. If I hook up a high
• OxygenSensor–Testwithhighimpedancemeter
impedance
test
light
or
meter
it
will
load
the
circuit
less
(ifaatcircuit
all)
and
will
not
affectand
the

High
impedance
refers
to
a
high
resistance
which
“Loads”
less
when
testing.
If will
Imeasurement
hook
up a(change)
highmuch.
• Low
impedance indicates a low resistance
which
“Loads”
a circuit
more
when
testing
affect
• Injectorpowersource–Highorlowimpedancemeter
impedance
test light
or(In
meter
will load
the
circuit
less (ifa at
all)
will
not affect
the
measurement
much.
Low
impedance
indicates
asome
lowitresistance
which
circuit
more
when
testing
and
will
affect dam(change)
the measurement
readings.
cases,
using
low“Loads”
impedance
testand
equipment
can result
in circuit
the
measurement.
(In
some
cases,
using
low
impedance
test
equipment
can
result
in
circuit
damage)
Lowdamage
impedance
indicates
a low resistance
whichby“Loads”
more when testing and will affect (change)
CIRCUITIMPEDANCE:
age circuit
from
excess current
flow caused
the testa circuit
equipment)
 Oxygen
Sensor – Test
high
impedance
meter
the measurement.
(Inwith
some
cases,
using low
impedance test equipment can result in circuit damage)
•Circuitimpedanceisbasicallydescribingthe“resistance”oftheentirecircuit.Circuitswithhighresistancesinthem
Oxygen Sensor – Test with high impedance meter
Oxygen Sensor
– Test with
high
meter
 Injector
power source
– High
or impedance
low impedance
meter
•arecalled“highimpedance”circuitsandcircuitswithoutmuchresistance,arecalled“lowimpedance”circuits.Ifa
Injector
power source
– High–orHigh
loworimpedance
meter
 Injector
power source
low impedance
meter
lowimpedancetesterisconnectedtoahighimpedancecircuit,thetestercanprovideatemporarypathtoground
CIRCUIT IMPEDANCE:
andcauseexcessivecurrentflowinthecircuitwhichmaycausedamageorskewmeasurementreadings.Connecting
CIRCUIT
IMPEDANCE:
CIRCUIT IMPEDANCE:
ahighimpedancetestertoeithercircuittypesusuallydoesn’tpresentanyperformanceorcircuitdamageproblems.
CircuitCircuit
impedance
is basically
describing
the “resistance”
of the
entire
circuit.
with
impedance
is basically
describing
the “resistance”
of the
entire
circuit.Circuits
Circuits
withhigh
highresistances
resistancesin
inthem
them
are called
“high
impedance”
circuits
and
circuits
without
much
resistance,
are
called
“low
impedance”
circuits.
are
called
“high impedance”
and the
circuits
without much
are called
“low
impedance”
circuits.
If a
Circuit
impedance
is basicallycircuits
describing
“resistance”
of theresistance,
entire circuit.
Circuits
with
high resistances
inWhat
them
determines
whether
circuit
a high
ortolow
impedance
circuit
is the
of current
flowing
in it.path
If acircuits.
low
impedlow
impedance
is is
connected
a high
impedance
circuit,
theamount
tester can
provide
a temporary
to ground
are called
“highatester
impedance”
circuits
and
circuits
without
much
resistance,
are
called “low
impedance”
If a
and
cause
excessive
current
in to
thea circuit
which
cause
damage
measurement
Connecting
low impedance
tester
isa connected
high
impedance
circuit,
the
testerorcan
provide
a temporary
path to
ground
ance tester
is connected
to
highflow
impedance
circuit,
themay
tester
can
provide
askew
temporary
path toreadings.
ground
and
cause
aand
high
impedance
tester
either
circuit
types
usually
doesn’t
any
or circuit
damage Connecting
problems.
cause
excessive
current
flowwhich
in
themay
circuit
which
may
cause
damage
orperformance
skew measurement
readings.
excessive
current
flow in
the to
circuit
cause
damage
orpresent
skew
measurement
readings.
Connecting
a high
a
high
impedance
tester
to
either
circuit
types
usually
doesn’t
present
any
performance
or
circuit
damage
problems.
impedance tester to either circuit types usually doesn’t present any performance or circuit damage problems.
TESTER IMPEDANCE: 3-wire Throttle Position Sensor
TESTER IMPEDANCE: 3-wire Throttle Position Sensor
TESTER IMPEDANCE: 3-wire Throttle Position Sensor
TESTER IMPEDANCE: 3-wire Throttle Position Sensor
5.00 v
5.00 v
CURRENT LIMITING
1.90 v
CURRENT LIMITING
1.90 v
12v
12v
12v
DMM: High impedance meter = no loading
Test Light: Low impedance = loading
DMM: High impedance meter = no loading
2
Test Light: Low impedance = loading
TESTER IMPEDANCE: 3-wire Throttle Position Sensor
TESTER IMPEDANCE: 3-wire Throttle Position Sensor
TESTER IMPEDANCE: 3-wire Throttle Position Sensor
TESTER IMPEDANCE: 3-wire Throttle Position Sensor
3.20 v
0.02 v
3.20 v
0.02 v
12v
12v
2
2
12v
12v
12v
DMM: High impedance meter = no loading
Test Light: Low impedance = loading
DMM: High impedance meter = no loading
Test Light: Low impedance = loading
consulab.com
3
I N T R O D U C T I O N T O T HAsadvancesweremadeindiagnostictools,theGRAPHINGandPOWERG
E DSO
Asadvancesweremadeindiagnostictools,theGRAPHINGandPOWE
wereableto“display”awaveform(sortof)thathelpedincertaindiagno
As advances were made wereableto“display”awaveform(sortof)thathelpedincertaindiag
in diagnostic tools, the GRAPHING and POWER GRAPHING meters were available.
These tools were able to “display” a waveform (sort of) that helped in certain diagnostic tests.
Now, the need for a diagnostic tool that can capture and display very fast signals is greater than ever. As the frequency
(speed) of electrical signals on today’s
vehicles continue to increase, oscilloscopes are the only tool that can “record”
Now,theneedforadiagnostictoolthatcancaptureanddisplayveryfas
and display them for diagnosis purposes.
All digital meters “average” or samples the signals they are measuring.
(speed)ofelectricalsignalsontoday’svehiclescontinuetoincrease,osci
Most do not show “live data”,
but
based
on
their update rate, they average all of the signals they measure. For an
Now,theneedforadiagnostictoolthatcancaptureanddisplayveryf
anddisplaythemfordiagnosispurposes.Alldigitalmeters“average”or
example, suppose that you connected a digital voltmeter to a heater blower motor that was pulse width modulated
controlled by the BCM. The(speed)ofelectricalsignalsontoday’svehiclescontinuetoincrease,o
HVACdonotshow“livedata”,butbasedontheirupdaterate,theyaverageall
controls are set to run the blower motor at “half-speed” or a 50% PWM duty cycle.
If a digital voltmeter is connected
to the blower motor, it will display between 6.5 to 7.5 volts depending on the
anddisplaythemfordiagnosispurposes.Alldigitalmeters“average”
supposethatyouconnectedadigitalvoltmetertoaheaterblowermoto
charging voltage of the running vehicle. In reality, the blower motor is running on full charging voltage (vehicle rundonotshow“livedata”,butbasedontheirupdaterate,theyaverage
theBCM.TheHVACcontrolsaresettoruntheblowermotorat“half-sp
ning) of about 13.5-14.5 volts but available only 50% of the time. PWM circuits are best diagnosed with oscilloscopes
voltmeterisconnectedtotheblowermotor,itwilldisplaybetween6.5t
as the voltmeter cannot seesupposethatyouconnectedadigitalvoltmetertoaheaterblowermo
or measure
minor glitches or circuit abnormalities and especially intermittent problems.
therunningvehicle.Inreality,theblowermotorisrunningonfullchargi
The digital storage oscilloscope
(DSO)
is the only diagnostic tool that can read, store and replay signal waveforms that
theBCM.TheHVACcontrolsaresettoruntheblowermotorat“halfare invaluable in determining causes
of
circuit problems. There are many brands and types of DSO’s on the market
voltsbutavailableonly50%ofthetime.PWMcircuitsarebestdiagnose
voltmeterisconnectedtotheblowermotor,itwilldisplaybetween6.
and technicians have many choices. Using multiple channels, scopes can be used to compare two or more signals
seeormeasureminorglitchesorcircuitabnormalitiesandespeciallyinte
on vehicle systems to checktherunningvehicle.Inreality,theblowermotorisrunningonfullcha
such things as the proper mechanical relationship between cam and crank (timing chain
wear or out-of-time).
ADVANTAGES:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
voltsbutavailableonly50%ofthetime.PWMcircuitsarebestdiagno
Thedigitalstorageoscilloscope(DSO)istheonlydiagnostictoolthatcan
seeormeasureminorglitchesorcircuitabnormalitiesandespeciallyin
areinvaluableindeterminingcausesofcircuitproblems.Thereareman
Capable of measuring signals very quickly (in micro or milli-seconds).
technicianshavemanychoices.Usingmultiplechannels,scopescanbe
Displays the signals over an adjustable period of time.
Thedigitalstorageoscilloscope(DSO)istheonlydiagnostictoolthatc
systemstochecksuchthingsasthepropermechanicalrelationshipbetw
Multiple signals can be
displayed
together and compared for proper operation.
areinvaluableindeterminingcausesofcircuitproblems.Therearem
of-time).
Can “record” signals for
playback
and evaluation.
Can also be used to display
and
measure:
Pressure, Vacuum, Temperature and others. Very precise information
technicianshavemanychoices.Usingmultiplechannels,scopescanb
can be viewed.
ADVANTAGES:
systemstochecksuchthingsasthepropermechanicalrelationshipbe
The advantage of a DSO
over a DMM is that it can display voltage, current (and other signals) over a period of time.
• Capableofmeasuringsignalsveryquickly(inmicroormilli-seco
of-time).
DSO’s capture very fast
and subtle signal changes that DMM’s can not “see” or measure.
• fall,
Displaysthesignalsoveranadjustableperiodoftime
Scopes also show signal “trends”. Rise,
abnormal signal (hash & static) and others.
• Multiplesignalscanbedisplayedtogetherandcomparedforpr
Many of today’s electronic components
(especially CAN Bus) are more quickly and accurately diagnosed using
signals viewed only onADVANTAGES:
DSO’s.
• Can“record”signalsforplaybackandevaluation
Students learn more effectively
“hands-on” method of learning by observing circuit signal waveforms “live”.
• using
Capableofmeasuringsignalsveryquickly(inmicroormilli-se
•
Canalsobeusedtodisplayandmeasure:Pressure,Vacuum,Te
• Displaysthesignalsoveranadjustableperiodoftime
USEFUL APPLICATIONS OF AN OSCILLOSCOPE:
informationcanbeviewed
• a DMM
Multiplesignalscanbedisplayedtogetherandcomparedfor
• The advantage of a DSO over
it can display voltage, current (and other signals) over a period of time.
• is that
TheadvantageofaDSOoveraDMMisthatitcandisplayvolta
• DSO’s capture very fast and •subtleCan“record”signalsforplaybackandevaluation
signaltime.
changes that DMM’s cannot “see” or measure.
• The use of “transducers” can turn the DSO into a very powerful diagnostic tool.
• DSO’scaptureveryfastandsubtlesignalchangesthatDMM’sc
• Canalsobeusedtodisplayandmeasure:Pressure,Vacuum,
• Capable of measuring signals very quickly (in micro or milli-seconds).
• evaluation.
Scopesalsoshowsignal“trends”.Rise,fall,abnormalsignal(ha
informationcanbeviewed
• Can “record” signals for playback and
• Manyoftoday’selectroniccomponents(especiallyCANBus)ar
• Can also be used to display and
Pressure, Vacuum, Temperature and others. Very precise information
• measure:
TheadvantageofaDSOoveraDMMisthatitcandisplayvol
can be viewed.
signalsviewedonlyonDSO’s.
time.
• DSO’scaptureveryfastandsubtlesignalchangesthatDMM’
4
consulab.com
USEFULAPPLICATIONSOFANOSCILLOSCOPE:
• Scopesalsoshowsignal“trends”.Rise,fall,abnormalsignal
INTRODUC TION TO THE DSO
WHAT SCOPES CAN MEASURE:
WHAT SCOPES CAN MEASURE:
Voltage characteristics:
Voltage characteristics:
• Amplitude
– Amplitude
is a measure
of the
magnitude
a signal.
There
a variety
amplitudemeasure• Amplitude
– Amplitude
is a measure
of the
magnitude
of aofsignal.
There
areare
a variety
ofof
amplitude
measurements
including
peak-to-peak
amplitude,
which
measures
the
absolute
difference
high
ments including peak-to-peak amplitude, which measures the absolute difference between abetween
high andalow
and low voltage point of a signal. Peak amplitude, on the other hand, only measures how high or low a signal
voltage point of a signal. Peak amplitude, on the other hand, only measures how high or low a signal is past 0V.
is past 0V.
• Max
Min
– The– The
scope
can can
tell tell
youyou
exactly
howhow
high
andand
lowlow
thethe
voltage
of of
your
signal
gets.
• &
Max
& voltages
Min voltages
scope
exactly
high
voltage
your
signal
gets.
• Mean
& average
voltages
– Oscilloscopes
cancan
calculate
thethe
average
or mean
of of
your
signal,
and
it itcan
• Mean
& average
voltages
– Oscilloscopes
calculate
average
or mean
your
signal,
and
canalso
alsotell
tell
youaverage
the average
of your
signal’s
minimum
maximum
voltage.
you the
of your
signal’s
minimum
andand
maximum
voltage.
Time
characteristics:
Time
characteristics:
• Frequency and period – Frequency is defined as the number of times per second a waveform repeats. And
• Frequency and period – Frequency is defined as the number of times per second a waveform repeats. And the
the
period is the reciprocal of that (number of seconds each repeating waveform takes). The maximum
period is the reciprocal of that (number of seconds each repeating waveform takes). The maximum frequency
frequency a scope can measure varies, but it’s often in the 100’s of MHz range.
a scope can measure varies, but it’s often in the 100’s of MHz range.
• Duty
cyclecycle
– The
percentage
of of
a period
positiveorornegative
negative
(there
both
positive
• Duty
– The
percentage
a periodthat
thataawave
wave isis either
either positive
(there
areare
both
positive
and
and negative
dutycycles).
cycles).The
Theduty
duty
cycle
a ratio
a signal
“on” versus
how
negative duty
cycle
is aisratio
thatthat
tellstells
you you
how how
long along
signal
is “on”isversus
how long
it’slong
“off”
it’s “off”
period.
eacheach
period.
•
Rise
and
fall
– Signals
can’t
instantaneouslygo
gofrom
from 0V
0V to
rise.
TheThe
duration
• Rise and fall timetime
– Signals
can’t
instantaneously
to 5V,
5V, they
theyhave
havetotosmoothly
smoothly
rise.
duraof
a
wave
going
from
a
low
point
to
a
high
point
is
called
the
rise
time,
and
fall
time
measures
the
opposite.
tion of a wave going from a low point to a high point is called the rise time, and fall time measures the
TheseThese
characteristics
are important
when considering
how fast a how
circuit
canarespond
to signals.
opposite.
characteristics
are important
when considering
fast
circuit can
respond to signals.
Today’s
cars are
run orrun
operated
by computers.
All systems
consist
of either
input
andand
output
signals
sentsent
to or
Today’s
carsbasically
are basically
or operated
by computers.
All systems
consist
of either
input
output
signals
or from computers.
scope
is the
only method
of detailed
both
the electrical
and mechanical
from to
computers.
The scopeThe
is the
only
method
of detailed
checkingchecking
of bothofthe
electrical
and mechanical
systems for
systems
for proper
performance.
also
measures
the electrical
integrity
the circuit
in which
abnormal
proper
performance.
It also
measures Itthe
electrical
integrity
of the circuit
in of
which
abnormal
conditions
suchconditions
as high or
such
as
high
or
low
resistance,
opens,
shorts
and
grounds
can
be
“seen”
by
scopes.
low resistance, opens, shorts and grounds can be “seen” by scopes.
ONLY OSCILLOSCOPES ARE ABLE TO “CAPTURE” AND VIEW VERY FAST SIGNALS
ONLY OSCILLOSCOPES ARE ABLE TO “CAPTURE” AND VIEW VERY FAST SIGNALS
ACKNOWLEDGED DISADVANTAGES OF OSCILLOSCOPES:
• Requires some practice to obtain a usable pattern using voltage, time and trigger controls.
• Requires time and study to learn what the displayed “squiggly” lines actually mean.
• Requires a solid knowledge base of “interpreting” waveforms to determine abnormal conditions and make
diagnosis.
4
• DSO’s can vary between brands regarding features, controls and displays. There is a lack of “consistency”
between brands.
• Some scopes are more difficult to use than others.
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5
INTRODUC TION TO THE DSO
TELL ME WHY I SHOULD LEARN HOW TO USE A DSO:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
SCOPES ALLOW SIGNALS TO BE “SEEN” IN DETAIL
IT MEASURES SIGNALS VERY FAST (NOTHING IS FASTER)
RECORDS PATTERNS FOR LATER EVALUATION
ABILITY TO COMPARE MULTIPLE SIGNALS (MULTIPLE CHANNELS)
ONLY TOOL THAT CAN “CATCH” INTERMITTENT GLITCHES & PROBLEMS
ALLOWS “LIVE” CURRENT MEASUREMENT WHICH IS VERY VALUABLE
TRANSDUCERS FOR PRESSURE/VACUUM and OTHER TESTS
STUDENTS LEARN MORE EFFECTIVELY BY “SEEING” THE CIRCUIT OPERATE USING A SCOPE
SCOPE HISTORY
In 1897, Karl Ferdinand Braun invented the oscilloscope, which was an adaptation that he made to the cathode ray
tube. He worked with and made improvements to Marconi’s wireless telegraphy. In fact, he and Marconi shared the
Nobel Prize for Physics in 1909. One of the interesting things to note is that these tubes were the precursors to the
tubes used for television and radar systems years later. The reason that the oscilloscope that we know today exists is
the invention of the cathode ray tube. These tubes are instrumental in the scopes. Braun invented the scope, almost
as a curiosity as much as a tool. Two years after the invention, Jonathan Zenneck added beam-forming plates to the
tube and utilized a magnetic field along with it for “sweeping the trace”. An interesting piece of the history of the oscilloscope is that it was once quite common to see them as props in television and in the movies. They were stand-ins
that represented scientific equipment in the lab. It was actually quite common to see them in the 1950s and 1960s.
The old television show The Outer Limits actually made use of the device in their opening credits.
OSCILLOSCOPE BASICS
Oscilloscopes are either “analog” or “digital”. Both types are in use today. The analog scope displays “live” signal
patterns, but do not have the capability of “storage” for later playback. Digital scopes convert the “live” signals
by using an analog-to-digital converter which displays a representation of the original live signal. Digital Storage
Scopes (DSO’s) provide a recording feature that allows playback to view the signal in detail after the vehicle has
been turned off. Most digital scopes today used on vehicles are the DSO type.
BASIC DEFINITION TIME
OSCILLOSCOPE – Originally called “oscillograph” Didn’t always have a cathode ray tube.
ANALOG – Uses a CRT (old tube type styles) & signal is “live”, but lacks ability to “store and replay” signals.
DIGITAL – Signal is converted into an electronic graphic display usually using a Liquid Crystal Display readout.
STORAGE – Ability to put signals into memory to be recalled on the device or networked to a computer later.
GRATICULES – “graph” like layout of lines on the screen.
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6
INTRODUC TION TO THE DSO
ITEMSTOBEADDEDTOTHEDSOCLASSHANDOUT
“THE OSCILLOSCOPE SCREEN”
DRAWING#1INSERTONPAGE7
DRAWING#2INSERTONPAGE7
DRAWING#2INSERTONPAGE7
DRAWING#1INSERTONPAGE7
DRAWING#2INSERTONPAGE7
DRAWING#2INSERTONPAGE7
Oscilloscope screens are laid out much like a graph paper. There are lines forming boxes called “graticles”. In
this case, the screen has eight rows of vertical boxes and twelve columns of horizontal boxes. The scope screen
is defined as having “divisions”. For example, the drawing above identifies one vertical division and one horizontal
division. Divisions are used to “measure” voltage and time displayed on the screen. Most oscilloscope screens
have either 8 x 10, 8 x 12, 10 x 10 or 10 x 12 graticle screens. Actually, a 10 x 10 screen is a bit easier to calculate
measurements of voltage and time, but either can be easily used.
Any signals displayed “UP” on the screen represents VOLTAGE, and any signals displayed “ACROSS” the screen is a
measurement of TIME. A oscilloscope is in reality a voltmeter with a clock. In other words, a scope displays a measured
voltage within a specific period of time.
The voltage and time settings are adjustable by the operator. Some scopes are designed with controls that change
how much voltage the scope can measure. This is called Volts per Division and is expressed as “V/Div”. Other
controls can adjust the amount of time the scope can display on the screen. This is called Time per Division and is
expressed as “T/Div”. Other scope designs have the same type of adjustments, but use a “Per Screen” instead of
a “per division”. Different voltage adjustments allow us to measure different voltages and also to “zoom in” on a
particular portion of a pattern.
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7
The voltage and time settings are adjustable by the operator. Some scopes are designed with controls that change how
much voltage the scope can measure. This is called Volts per Division and is expressed as “V/Div”. Other controls can
adjust the amount of time the scope can display on the screen. This is called Time per Division and is expressed as
“T/Div”. Other scope designs have the same type of adjustments, but use a “Per Screen” instead of a “per division”.
Different voltage adjustments allow us to measure different voltages and also to “zoom in” on a particular portion of a
pattern.
INTRODUC TION TO THE DSO
Let’s use
scope
withwith
a 10
x 10
example.If Ifthethe
controls
were
set.5on
.5 V/Div
and 2ms/Div.
full
Let’sause
a scope
a 10
x 10screen
screenas
as an
an example.
controls
were
set on
V/Div
and 2ms/Div.
The full The
screen
screen
capacity
of the
measurements
be and
5 volts
and the
timewould
displayed
would
be 0.020 milliseconds.
capacity
of the
measurements
wouldwould
be 5 volts
the total
timetotal
displayed
be 0.020
milliseconds.
If the
If thecontrols
controlswere
were
changed
2 V/Div
1 S/Div,
the would
range change
would to
change
toand
20 volts
and 10
of display
changed
to 2toV/Div
and 1and
S/Div,
the range
20 volts
10 seconds
of seconds
display across
the
acrossfull
the
full screen.
screen.
SO, MEASUREMENT ARE VOLTS PER DIVISION
UP = VOLTAGE – Y axis
The other
typetype
of scope
adjustment
fullscreen
screencapacity.
capacity.
Therefore,
the voltage
10 x 10
The other
of scope
adjustmentstates
states the
the full
Therefore,
if theifvoltage
controlcontrol
of a 10 of
x 10a screen
screen
were
displayed
asthe
5V,screen
the screen
could measure
a maximum
of 5each
volts
and each
linevolts.
would
be
were
displayed
as 5V,
could measure
a maximum
of 5 volts and
horizontal
linehorizontal
would be 0.2
If the
time If
adjustment
was set to 2 sec,
sweep
2 seconds
andbe
each
vertical line
200 milli0.2 volts.
the time adjustment
wasfull
setscreen
to 2 sec,
fullwould
screenbesweep
would
2 seconds
andwould
each be
vertical
line would
seconds.
This type This
of measurement
adjustment isadjustment
called “GAIN”
full screen
capacity
“SWEEP”
for fulland
be 200
milli-seconds.
type of measurement
is for
called
“GAIN”voltage
for full
screenand
voltage
capacity
screen
time
display
capacity.
Either
scope
adjustment
style
is
more
or
less
the
same.
The
difference
is
in
how
the
“SWEEP” for full screen time display capacity. Either scope adjustment style is more or less the same. The difference
setting
is
interpreted.
is in how the setting is interpreted.
ACROSS = TIME - X axis
SO, MEASUREMENTS OF TIME ARE “TIME PER DIVISION”
An oscilloscope displays signals on a screen. Signals are obtained from one or more “channels” each having a signal test
lead attached to the circuit being measured. Any signal that goes UP on the screen represents a change in voltage. UP
An oscilloscope
a screen.
SignalsThe
aresignal
obtained
from
one
orscreen
morefrom
“channels”
eachThis
having
a signal
means moredisplays
voltage,signals
DOWN on
means
less voltage.
moves
across
the
left to right.
movement
test lead
attached
to theofcircuit
being
measured.
Any signalbythat
UPthat
on very
the screen
represents
a change
in voltrepresents
a period
time. The
time
period is adjustable
the goes
user so
short time
or very long
time spans
canmeans
be displayed.
The square
gridsmeans
are called
the moves
way thatacross
accurate
are to
made.
in
age. UP
more voltage,
DOWN
less“divisions”
voltage. and
The are
signal
themeasurements
screen from left
right.If This
the
above
example,
the
scope
was
set
for
2ms
per
division,
the
total
amount
of
time
displayed
would
be
2
seconds
with
movement represents a period of time. The time period is adjustable by the user so that very short time or very long
each division
.200 seconds
or 200ms.
time spans
can bebeing
displayed.
The square
grids are called “divisions” and are the way that accurate measurements are
made.7 If in the above example, the scope was set for 2ms per division, the total amount of time displayed would be
2 seconds with each division being .200 seconds or 200ms.
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8
INTRODUC TION TO THE DSO
One must understand the many abbreviations used with oscilloscopes. Terms like: “milli”, “micro” and “nano” are
often used when adjusting the scope screen to obtain a desired pattern.
UNDERSTANDINGTIME/DIVNUMBERSETTINGS(10horizontalgriddesign)
TIMEPERDIVISION
MAXIMUMTOTALTIMEDISPLAYED
50ns(nanosecond)(fastest)
500ns
.1us(microsecond)
1us
.2us(microsecond)
2us
.5us(microsecond)
5us
1us(microsecond)
10us
2us(microsecond)
20us
5us(microsecond)
50us
10us(microsecond)
100us
20us(microsecond)
200us
50us(microsecond)
500us
.1ms(millisecond)
1ms
.2ms(millisecond)
2ms
.5ms(millisecond)
5ms
1ms(millisecond)
10ms
2ms(millisecond)
20ms
5ms(millisecond)
50ms
10ms(millisecond)
100ms
20ms(millisecond)
200ms
50ms(millisecond)
500ms
.1Sec(Second)
1sec.
.2Sec(Second)
2sec.
One
must understand the many abbreviations used with
oscilloscopes.
.5Sec(Second)
5sec.
used
when adjusting the scope screen to obtain a desired
pattern.
1Sec
10sec.
2Sec
20sec.
5Sec
50sec.
10Sec
100sec.
INSERT
20Sec THE TIME CHART (ITEM # 1) HERE 200sec.
50Sec(slowest)
500sec.
Terms like: “milli”, “micro” and “nano” are often
ITEM#1
This
chart
showsamount
the totalofamount
of displayed
on awith
scope
10 horizontal
this case,
there
a total of
This chart shows
the total
displayed
time on time
a scope
10with
horizontal
grids.grids.
In thisIncase,
there
are are
a total
28
different
time/div
selections
that
can
be
made.
Some
scopes
do
not
have
all
of
the
above
time
choices.
of 28 different time/div selections that can be made. Some scopes do not have all of the above time choices.
8
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9
INTRODUC TION TO THE DSO
Voltage (V/Div) and time (T/Dv) adjustments are made to set up the screen to read the signal being tested and also
can be used to “zoom in” on a pattern for very detailed examination of the signal. Follow the below chart for typical
V/Div settings for testing various components.
TYPICAL VOLTAGE/DIV SETTINGS
BATTERY AND SYSTEM VOLTAGE TESTING:
2 V/Div
ANY SENSOR OPERATING ON A 5 V (ECT, MAP, MAF, TP, Hall Effect, etc):
1 or 2 V/Div
ZIRCONIA OXYGEN SENSOR:
0.2 V/Div
MAGNETIC RELUCTANCE SENSORS:
2 V/Div
MAGNETIC ABS SENSORS:
1 or 2 V/Div
IDLE SPEED CONTROL DEVICES @ SYSTEM VOLTAGE:
2 or 5 V/Div
KNOCK SENSORS: 0.2 V/Div
IGNITION COIL PRIMARY:
20-40 V/Div
FUEL INJECTORS:
10 V/Div
ALTERNATOR AC RIPPLE:
50 mV/Div
TYPICAL TIME/DIV SETTINGS
A GOOD STARTING POINT FOR MOST CIRCUITS:
1-2 ms/Div
FOR SLOW CHANGING SIGNALS (OXYGEN SENSORS, TP & MAP):
0.1 s/Div (100 milli-sec/Div)
Primary ignition: 1 ms/div 50 V/div. Trigger around 75V with a positive slope
Secondary ignition: 1 ms/div 2kV/div. Trigger around 2kV with a positive slope
AC sensor: (Magnetic) 10ms/div 1-5 VAC/div. Trigger ½ the positive voltage generated with a positive slope
Hall type sensor:
10 ms/div 2V/div. Trigger ½ the positive voltage with a positive slope
Fuel Injectors:
1 ms/div 10V/div. Trigger just above zero with a negative slope
Fuel Pump:
2 ms/div 1 amp/div. Trigger float until pattern stabilizes
Relative compression: Depends on year. Older engine higher amp/div (20 A/div) Newer = lower (10 A/div
.1 ms/div.) Trigger float until pattern stabilizes.
Alternator ripple: 1 ms/div 100 mV AC/div No trigger, use freeze to analyze
CAN Bus: 50 μs/div 1 V/div Trigger lower than wake up pulse or ½ the positive voltage either CAN H or CAN L
O2S: .5 ms/div .1 V/div No trigger used
Make sure you understand Time/Div settings and how to determine how each setting affects how much time is being
displayed across the screen.
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10
INTRODUC TION TO THE DSO
WITH PERMISSION
Time/Div are often adjusted to “zoom” on displayed patterns.
Time/Div are often adjusted to “zoom” on displayed patterns.
UNDERSTANDING SCOPE CONTROLS
UNDERSTANDING SCOPE CONTROLS
T/Div
V/Div
D
dD
ADJUSTME
NT
What do you see in d
common with
ADJUST
these numbers??
MENT
VOLTS PER DIVISION
10mV, 20mV, 50mV, .1V,
.2V, .5V, 1V, 2V, 5V, 10V
TIME PER DIVISION
1us, 2us, 5us, 10us, 20us, 50us,
100us, 200us, 500us, 1ms, 2ms,
5ms, 10ms, 20ms, 50ms,…….etc
It is important that you understand how to adjust V/Div and T/Div on the scope you are using. Refer to the above chart
It that
is important
that you
understand
adjust V/Div
and T/Div
on the
scope
you are using. Refer to the above
lists suggested
starting
points forhow
sometocommon
components
typically
tested
on vehicles.
chart that lists suggested starting points for some common components typically tested on vehicles.
All oscilloscopes all have some type of V/Div and T/Div adjustments. They can be buttons, tool bars, computer menu
(if11
PC based), rocker switches or knobs. It really isn’t important what type of adjustment control there is, just that you
know how to select proper voltage and time settings.
consulab.com
11
All oscilloscopes all have some type of V/Div and T/Div adjustments. They can be buttons, tool bars, computer menu
I N T R O D U(ifCPCT Ibased),
O N Trocker
O T Hswitches
E D SorO knobs. It really isn’t important what type of adjustment control there is, just that you
know how to select proper voltage and time settings.
DSO SAMPLING RATE – REAL –TIME & EQUIVALENT
all have some type of V/Div and T/Div adjustments. They can be buttons, tool bars, computer menu
ker switches or knobs. It really isn’t important what type of adjustment control there is, just that you
ect proper voltage and time settings.
Generally speaking, the higher the sampling rate, the better the DSO
Generally speaking, the higher the sampling rate, the better the DSO is.
Generally
speaking,
the higher
the sampling
rate, the
better the
AMPLING RATE – REAL EXAMPLE:
–TIME
&OTC/Bosch
EQUIVALENT
Tech-Scope
sampling
rateDSO
is 40is.MS/s
EXAMPLE: OTC/Bosch Tech-Scope sampling rate is 40 MS/s
EXAMPLE: OTC/Bosch
Tech-Scope
sampling
is 40 per
MS/s.
Interpreted
as: “40
millionrate
samples
second”
Interpreted as: “40 million samples per second”
Interpreted as: 40 million samples per second.
Scopes form patterns on the screen by “drawing” the sampling
“dots” that are recorded on the screen. The more dots that
are available (higher sampling rate), the more accurate the
pattern will be. Purchase the highest sampling rate scope that
your money can buy.
Scopes form pattern
“dots” that are reco
are available (highe
pattern will be. Pur
your money can buy
SCOPE TRIGGERS – WHAT ARE THEY AND HOW DO WE USE THEM??
A scope trigger or level is an adjustable voltage “set point” at which the scope will start to display a
aking, the higher the sampling
rate, the
the DSO
pattern.
Youbetter
can choose
the is.
voltage the pattern must reach before it is displayed.
C/Bosch Tech-Scope sampling
is 40represented
MS/s
It rate
is usually
by a diamond or plus mark on the screen.
s: “40 million samples per second”
If the trigger level voltage is adjusted higher than the voltage of the pattern being displayed, the
screen will not show a pattern. This is because the “trigger level voltage” has not been “met”.
(Unless the AUTO trigger mode is selected.)
12
Scopes form patterns on the screen by “drawing” the sampling
“dots” that are recorded on the screen. The more dots that
are available (higher sampling rate), the more accurate the
pattern will be. Purchase the highest sampling rate scope that
your money can buy.
SCOPE TRIGGERS – WHAT ARE THEY AND HOW DO WE USE
A scope trigger or level is an adjustable voltage “set point” at whi
pattern. You can choose the voltage the pattern must reach befor
consulab.com
It is usually represented
by a diamond or plus mark on the12screen
INTRODUC TION TO THE DSO
SCOPE TRIGGERS — WHAT ARE THEY AND HOW DO WE USE THEM?
A scope trigger or level is an adjustable voltage “set point” at which the scope will start to display a pattern. You can
choose the voltage the pattern must reach before it is displayed.
It is usually represented by a diamond ◊ or plus mark + on the screen.
If the trigger level voltage is adjusted higher than the voltage of the pattern being displayed, the screen will not show
a pattern. This is because the “trigger level voltage” has not been “met”.
TRIGGERS
(Unless the AUTO trigger mode is selected.)
The AUTO TRIGGER setting will allow a pattern to be displayed.
Most scopes use a = sign or a diamond icon to indicate where the trigger level is on the screen. If a trigger
point is set higher than the
displayed pattern, a pattern will not appear UNLESS the scope trigger mode is set
to AUTO. AUTO trigger will
display a pattern regardless of where the trigger level voltage point is set. If the
trigger mode is set to “NORM”
or “SING”, the trigger level voltage must be met by the pattern in order for a
pattern to be displayed. DRAWING#3=INSERTONPAGE15
A trigger adjusts a set point at which the scope will start displaying a pattern. The trigger level detects when a certain
voltage level has been reached and at this point sets the time-base in operation to sweep across the screen. In effect,
the trigger level is like a comparator which switches the time-base to start when a voltage level has been reached.
The trigger slope, as the name indicates, determines whether the time-base sweep is triggered on a positive or negative
going edge or slope.
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13
INTRODUC TION TO THE DSO
TRIGGER LEVEL ADJUSTMENT
Trigger level is a manually selected adjustment that sets the voltage point that the pattern MUST cross before a pattern is displayed. (This is not true for AUTO trigger mode). The trigger level is selecting a voltage and time point where
the pattern must pass through before a pattern is displayed.
AUTO TRIGGER
The scope will always display a pattern no matter what the trigger level is adjusted to. It may drift across the screen
until you adjust the level somewhere in the pattern.
NORM TRIGGER
Normal trigger will not display a pattern until it passes through the adjusted trigger level setting. No pattern will appear if the trigger level is adjusted above the highest voltage of the pattern. If the trigger level is adjusted below the
lowest voltage of the pattern, no pattern will be displayed.
SING TRIGGER
Single trigger will display one single pattern when the pattern passes through the adjusted trigger level and will then
“freeze” the pattern for detailed examination.
HOLD TRIGGER
Some scopes have a “HOLD” feature. Selecting this mode will “freeze” the pattern on the screen even though the
signal is still active. This allows for closer viewing and examination of the signal. Releasing the HOLD feature will allow the pattern to return to “live data”.
For beginning scope users, it is often recommended that the AUTO trigger feature be selected so that a pattern will
appear on the screen. If it “drifts” back and forth, adjust the trigger level until it “locks” the pattern still.
TRIGGER SLOPE
Trigger slope is an adjustment that causes the scope to display a pattern either on the first “upward” or “downward”
movement of the signal. In other words, if you chose “positive” (up), the scope screen would start displaying the
pattern on the very first upward voltage movement. On the other hand, if you chose “negative” (down), the pattern
would start displaying on the first voltage movement in the “down” direction. Trigger slope is helpful when diagnosing
specific components and patterns.
WITH PERMISSION
SCOPE SIGNAL COUPLING:
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14
INTRODUC TION TO THE DSO
SCOPE SIGNAL COUPLING
Scope signal coupling is basically how the signal pattern displays on the screen. There are two basic types that most
scope have and some may have an additional signal coupling mode called “GROUND COUPLED” The most common
methods of signal coupling are: DC and AC.
DC COUPLED
When the scope is set for DC signal coupling, both DC and any AC signals appear on the screen. With the scope set
to DC coupling, most scopes have the “ZERO” horizontal line at or near the bottom of the screen. The position of
the zero or “ground” line is adjustable. DC coupling is the most common coupling used with automobiles and many
technicians commonly use this feature.
AC COUPLED
When the scope is set for AC signal coupling, internal scope electronics block all DC signals from being displayed and
only AC signals are shown. The “ZERO” line appears exactly half-way up on the vertical graticles. This is to allow an
AC signal to be displayed. Remember than an AC signal goes both positive (up) and negative (down), thus, we need
the zero line to be in the middle of the screen to show typical sine waves from AC signals. There are certain tests
where AC coupling is advisable. For example, when checking an alternator for leaking diodes, a test called “AC RIPPLE
VOLTAGE” is performed. The DC voltage output of the alternator is blocked from being seen and only the actual AC
ripple voltage (which is really what the alternator is putting out) is shown. This pattern will be deformed if one or
more diodes are leaking or defective. Other examples of AC coupling use is testing of AC output sensors as is used
in some newer WSS sensors.
NOTE- Some components, especially newer wheel speed sensors may output an AC signal, but are designed to “ride”
on a DC voltage. This allows the PCM to determine if the connector or wiring is open or shorted and can set an appropriate DTC (Diagnostic Trouble Code). Be sure you fully understand the circuit you are testing in order to choose
the most correct scope coupling setting.
This slide
shows
the same
signalsignal
in DCin(top)
andand
AC AC
(bottom
red)
ACripple
ripplepattern
pattern
This
slide shows
the same
DC (top)
(bottom
red)coupling
couplingmodes.
modes. The
The alternators
alternators AC
is
visible
using
AC coupling.
is muchmuch
moremore
visible
using
AC coupling.
MULTIPLE CHANNEL SCOPES:
Oscilloscopes can be designed with only one channel,
but can also have additional channels. Single channel scopes are15
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the least expensive with the cost going up proportionally as more channels are added. Multi-channels scopes have the
This slide shows the same signal in DC (top) and AC (bottom red) coupling modes. The alternators AC rip
much more visible using AC coupling.
INTRODUC TION TO THE DSO
MULTIPLE CHANNEL SCOPES:
MULTIPLE CHANNEL SCOPES:
Oscilloscopes can be designed with only one channel, but can also have additional channels. Single chan
Oscilloscopes
canexpensive
be designed
withthe
onlycost
one going
channel,
can also have additional
channel scopes
the least
with
upbut
proportionally
as morechannels.
channelsSingle
are added.
Multi-channels s
are the least expensive with the cost going up proportionally as more channels are added. Multi-channels scopes
advantage of being able to display more than one signal at the same time. For example, the battery volt
have the advantage of being able to display more than one signal at the same time. For example, the battery voltage
amperage
could
both
bebe
displayed
enginecranking
cranking
detailed
analysis
of the starting
and starter
amperage
could
both
displayed during
during engine
for for
detailed
analysis
of the starting
system. system. In
coilsignition
or fuelcoils
injectors
can be evaluated
usingusing
multiple
channels.
arescopes
scopes
available
today with ei
Individual
or fuel injectors
can be evaluated
multiple
channels.There
There are
available
today
with eight
channels
that provide
awesomepower,
diagnostic
power,
but somewhat
can be somewhat
prohibitive.
that (8)
provide
awesome
diagnostic
but
can be
cost cost
prohibitive.
CHANNEL 1
CHANNEL 2
CHANNEL 3
CHANNEL 4
TYPICAL 4-CHANNEL SCOPE DISPLAY
TYPES OF SCOPE SIGNALS:
Oscilloscopes are capable of displaying all different kinds of electrical signals. Today’s automobile has many different
types of electrical signals used in all of the operating systems. In the past, technicians measured electrical signals
with a volt or ammeter and evaluated the numeric display. Scopes go light years beyond that because they allow to
OF SCOPE SIGNALS:
“see”16
the actual signal and from that you canTYPES
measure
its amplitude, time and also see any abnormalities that may
be present. Most common terms for these problems
“glitches”
and
cannot
observed
using
a DMM.
Oscilloscopesare
are called
capable of
displaying all
different
kindsbe
of electrical
signals.
Today’s
automobile has many differe
types of electrical signals used in all of the operating systems. In the past, technicians measured electrical signals w
Scopes go light years beyond that because they allow to “see”
actual signal and from that you can measure its amplitude, time and also see any abnormalities that may be presen
Most common terms for these problems are called “glitches” and cannot be observed using a DMM.
The electrical signals in the vehicles are classified
theand
following
volt or into
ammeter
evaluated categories:
the numeric display.
ANALOG:
Analog scope signals are best described as aThe
pattern
that
alternates
upare
and
downintointhe
any
fashion
with a predictable
electrical
signals
in the vehicles
classified
following
categories:
and repeatable display. An analog signal can display a gradual voltage increase and/or decrease in signal changes.
Any automotive component that generates ANALOG:
an AC voltage signal displays an ANALOG signal. The example below
shows a “sine wave” which is an analog signal.
Allscope
analog
signals
not have
to bethat
called
a sine
wave.
Analog
signals
are bestdo
described
as a pattern
alternates
up and
downA
in magnetic
any fashion with a predictable
repeatable
An analog
signal cansensor
display aand
gradual
voltage
increase
and/or decrease
in signal changes. Any
two-wire reluctance crankshaft position sensor
woulddisplay.
be called
an analog
thus
would
generate
an analog
automotive component that generates an AC voltage signal displays an ANALOG signal. The example below shows
signal. This type of sensor is an AC voltage generator
and isitsanoutput
would
be a signals
“sine do
wave”
like
display.
There
are
“sine wave” which
analog signal.
All analog
not have
to be
called a sine
wave.
A magnetic two-wire
many other types of analog signals in the automobile
with ABS,
Traction
Control,
Cam/Crank
and and
VSSthus
sensors
being an analog signal.
reluctance crankshaft
position
sensor would
be called
an analog sensor
would generate
type of sensor is an AC voltage generator and its output would be a “sine wave” like display. There are many other
the most common.
of analog signals in the automobile with ABS, Traction Control, Cam/Crank and VSS sensors being the most commo
DIGITAL:
Digital scope signals are best described as an “on/off” display of the circuit turning on and off. There is no other di
16then gradually
other thanconsulab.com
ON and then OFF. In comparison, an analog signal can gradually rise to its highest point,
decrease its intensity to the point of turn off. Digital signals are often called “square wave” because they are eithe
of analog signals in the automobile with ABS, Traction Control, Cam/Crank and VSS sensors being the most common
INTRODUC TION TO THE DSO
DIGITAL:
DIGITAL:
Digital scope signals are best described as an “on/off” display of the circuit turning on and off. There is no other disDigital scope
signals aresignal
best described
as an “on/off”
the circuit
turningthen
on and
off. There is no other dis
play other than ON and then OFF. In comparison,
an analog
can gradually
risedisplay
to itsofhighest
point,
graduother than ON and then OFF. In comparison, an analog signal can gradually rise to its highest point, then gradually
ally decrease its intensity to the point of turn
off.
Digital
signals
are
often
called
“square
wave”
because
they
are
decrease its intensity to the point of turn off. Digital signals are often called “square wave” because they are either
either on or off. Many components on vehicles
a digital
signal.generate
Common
examples
are Hall
Effect
or off. generate
Many components
on vehicles
a digital
signal. Common
examples
aresensors,
Hall Effect sensors, CAN Bus
signals, some
newer and
WSS (wheel
speed sensors),
and any modulation)
PWM (pulse width
modulation) signals.
CAN Bus signals, some newer WSS (wheel speed
sensors),
any PWM
(pulse width
signals.
AIN:
PULSE TRAIN:
ain is a variation
of the digital square wave pattern consisting of a repeatable display of ON
A pulse train is a variation of the digital square wave pattern consisting of a repeatable display of ON and OFF signals.
mple ofAtypical
a pulse
train
would
a bePWM
The of
amount
of on
and
off
time
example
of a pulse
train be
would
a PWM circuit.
circuit. The amount
on and off time
can and
does
vary
based can
on and do
circuitthe
operation
and the changes
be observed
on
thethe
pattern.
17
ration and
changes
can becanobserved
on
pattern.
PULSE WIDTH MODULATION
PULSE TRAIN PATTERN (PULSE WIDTH MODULATION)
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INTRODUC TION TO THE DSO
AC SIGNALS (ANALOG)
WITH PERMISSION
AC SIGNALS (ANALOG)
WITH PERMISSION
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INTRODUC TION TO THE DSO
DC SIGNALS (DIGITAL)
WITH PERMISSION
DC SIGNALS
WITH PERMISSION
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INTRODUC TION TO THE DSO
DC SIGNALS
(DIGITAL)
WITH PERMISSION
DC SIGNALS (DIGITAL)
WITH PERMISSION
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INTRODUC TION TO THE DSO
FREQUENCY
DUTYCYCLE
100%
20% 100%
60%
DUTY CYCLE AND FREQUENCY:
100%
50%
SHORTDUTYCYCLE
LONGDUTYCYCLE
DRAWING#4INSERTONPAGE21
ADDTHISTEXTJUSTBELOWTHEABOVEDRAWING:
DUTYCYCLEANDFREQUENCY:
WhenevaluatingPWM(PulseWidthModulation)signals,thetermsFREQUENCYandDUTYCYCLEmustbeclearly
understood.Asignalsfrequencyistheamountoftimesinasecondthatthepatternidentically“repeats”itself.Onthe
scopescreenwewouldlookforarepeatingwaveformandsetourmeasuringcursorsatthebeginningedgesoftwo
When evaluating PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) signals,
the terms FREQUENCY and DUTY CYCLE must be clearly
understood. A signals frequency is the amount of times in a
second that the pattern identically “repeats” itself. On the
scope screen we would look for a repeating waveform and
set our measuring cursors at the beginning edges of two
adjacent patterns on the screen. To express the measurement of a value between the cursors, the Delta symbol (∆)
is normally used. Therefore, the frequency of between the
two cursors would be shown on the screen as ∆ 5.01Hz for
an example. All signal frequencies will be different based on
what signals you are measuring and is often required when
making detailed diagnosis.
The DUTY CYCLE or PULSE WIDTH is the amount of time of the signals frequency that the circuit is turned on (or off if
ground switched). If the circuit was on all the time, it would have a 100% duty cycle. If it was off exactly as much as
it was on, it would have a 50% duty cycle. Duty cycle is often automatically calculated by some scopes by using the
frequency and “on” time. A readout of the duty cycle is often provided, but you can also use cursors to determine
duty cycle.
CURSORS:
CURSORS:
Using cursors on scopes can provide very accurate
measurements of voltage, time, frequency and duty cycle. Not all
Using cursors on scopes can provide very accurate measurements of voltage, time, frequency and duty cycle. Not all
scopes have cursors, but most do.
scopes have cursors, but most do.
A cursor is an adjustable “line” shown on the screen.
be either
a on
vertical
horizontal
line.
Most scopes
use use
two
A cursor isIt
ancan
adjustable
“line” shown
the screen.or
It can
be either a vertical
or horizontal
line. Most scopes
two
vertical
and
two
horizontal
cursors.
Cursors
can
also
be
turned
on
and
off
based
on
your
testing
strategy
at
the
time.
vertical and two horizontal cursors. Cursors can also be turned on and off based on your testing strategy at the time.
VOLTAGE CURSORS
As shown in the opposite scope screen shot, both
vertical (voltage) and horizontal (time) cursors
have been turned on. The top of the scope screen
now shows a Δ time of 13.3ms and a Δ voltage
of 3.84V. Measurements using cursors on scopes
measure both the voltage and/or time between
the two cursors. Cursors are totally adjustable as
to where they appear on the screen. To examine
the sample above, if you observe the graticles
between the vertical and horizontal cursor lines,
you will be able to roughly “count” the divisions
to come up with approximately what the scope is
TIME CURSORS
displaying very accurately in the Delta Δ Time and
Δ Voltage. Cursors are very helpful in diagnosing
duty cycle, frequency, coil saturation, fuel injector
operation, PWM circuits, etc. Cursors take a bit of
practice to master, but they add a huge feature of
As shown in the above scope screen shot, both vertical (voltage) and horizontal (time) cursors have been turned on. The
diagnostic information to the scope.
top of the scope screen now shows a ∆ time of 13.3ms and a ∆ voltage of 3.84V. Measurements using cursors on
scopes measure both the voltage and/or time between the two cursors. Cursors are totally adjustable as to where they
appear on the screen. To examine the sample above, if you observe the graticles between the vertical and horizontal
cursor lines, you will be able to roughly “count” the divisions to come up with approximately what the scope is
displaying very accurately in the Delta ∆ Time and ∆ Voltage. Cursors are very helpful in diagnosing duty cycle,
frequency, coil saturation, fuel injector operation, PWM circuits, etc. Cursors take a bit of practice to master, but they
add a huge feature of diagnostic information to the scope.
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10us(microsecond)
100us
5us(microsecond)
50us
20us(microsecond)
200us
10us(microsecond)
100us
50us(microsecond)
500us
20us(microsecond)
200us
.1ms(millisecond)
1ms500us
50us(microsecond)
I
N
T
R
O
D
U
C
T
I
O
N
T
O
T
H
E
D
S
O
.2ms(millisecond)
2ms1ms
.1ms(millisecond)
.2ms(millisecond)
.5ms(millisecond)
5ms2ms
.5ms(millisecond)
5ms
SCOPE HOOKUP:
1ms(millisecond)
10ms
1ms(millisecond)
2ms(millisecond)
It is necessary to “hook up” the scope to a circuit in order to20ms
have10ms
it displayed on the screen. Think of doing this exactly
like
you
hook
up
a
voltmeter
to
a
circuit.
There
is
a
positive
and
2ms(millisecond)
20ms
5ms(millisecond)
50msnegative lead. The same is true with a scope. The
5ms(millisecond)
“signal wire” is usually the positive test lead. The color of the test 50ms
lead can be of many colors especially if the scope
10ms(millisecond)
100ms
has multiple channels. In addition to the positive lead, there will be
a ground test lead. This lead is connected to the
10ms(millisecond)
100ms
20ms(millisecond)
200ms
ground
circuit
that
you
wish
to
reference
from.
A
common
location
is
the battery negative cable, but can also be the
20ms(millisecond)
200ms
50ms(millisecond)
500ms
ground
circuit
for
the
device
being
tested.
Most
multi-channel
scopes
has only one ground lead on channel 1, and
50ms(millisecond)
500ms
each other channel test leads will have only the positive. (Some
scopes have dedicated grounds for each channels).
.1Sec(Second)
1sec.
.1Sec(Second)
1sec.
.2Sec(Second)
2sec.
CIRCUIT ACCESS:
.2Sec(Second)
2sec.
.5Sec(Second)
5sec.
.5Sec(Second)
5sec.
Whenever using a scope, it is essential that you have an OEM level
wiring diagram available to you. The schematic
1Sec
10sec.
1Sec
can identify the specific wire color and connecter view you need in10sec.
order to properly access the desired signal. Some
2Sec
20sec.
2Sec
20sec.
scopes have internal software that identifies this information
and may
also show you a picture of the connecter and
wire
access
point.
5Sec
50sec.
5Sec
50sec.
10Sec
to test.100sec.
One of the most common methods is to use test
10Sec There are various methods of accessing the circuit you wish 100sec.
“probes”
which
are
small
diameter
pins
that
are
designed
to
back
probe
20Sec
200sec.
20Sec
200sec. the connector of the circuit. Other methods
use
common
alligator
clips
to
access
signals.
There
is
a
wide
assortment
of scope leads available depending on the
50Sec(slowest)
500sec.
50Sec(slowest)
500sec.
type of signal being tested.
ITEM#1ITEM#1
ITEM#2(5PICTURES)
ITEM#2(5PICTURES)
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22
I N T R O D U C T I O N T O T H E D S O
AMP PROBES:
Oscilloscopes can also measure amperage by using the same devices that make a DMM into an inductive ammeter.
inductive devices that convert the
Amp probes are available in micro,
low and high amp versions. They basically are
strength of the
voltage. This voltage is then displayed
magnetic field surrounding a current carrying wire into a small
ITEM#2(5PICTURES)
correct amp probe can be used for
on
the screen and the screen
graticles are scaled in amps instead of volts. The
all
things
from checking parasitic draw to starter cranking amps. The scope must be capable of having amp probes
5PICTURES)
ITEM#2(5PICTURES)
connected
to ITEM#2(5PICTURES)
it for proper operation. Amperage testing is a very important element in the diagnosis of today’s auITEM#2(5PICTURES)
ITEM#2(5PICTURES)
tomobiles.
ITEM#3(3PICTURES)
ITEM#3(3PICTURES)
ITEM#3(3PICTURES)
ITEM#3(3PICTURES)
INDUCTIVE
PROBES:
Although
inductive
probes
are similar to amp probes, they perform different functions. Inductive probes for scopes
for
triggers on spark plug wires, or a pickup to obtain primary ignition patterns on COP (coil-on-plug)
can
be used
ITEM#3(3PICTURES)
systems.
ignition
Inductive probes are connected to the scope the same way the test leads are.
3PICTURES)
ITEM#4(3PICTURES)
ITEM#4(3PICTURES)
ITEM#4(3PICTURES)
TRANSDUCERS:
ITEM#4(3PICTURES)
devices made to allow the scope to accurately measure other things besides voltage. Although,
Transducers
are
somewhat
expensive,
transducers are now available that gives your scope the ability to measure with high accuracy
such things as Vacuum, Pressure (low
and high), Temperature, Noise
Vibrations and many other things.
ITEM#4(3PICTURES)
3PICTURES)
TRANSDUCERKIT
ITEM#5(1PICTURE)
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23
INTRODUC TION TO THE DSO
Many technicians, instructors and students have put off learning how to use the scope for the diagnosing of vehiclesystems. The reasons that this happens are many including:
• A scope is not owned
• Haven’t felt that it was needed at the present time
• Felt it was too complicated to learn for the perceived benefit that would be obtained by doing so
• Not many good resources available for learning scopes
• No time to do learn this
• Scopes are too expensive to buy
As has been stated earlier, DSO’s are rapidly becoming an “essential” tool in the technicians and instructors tool
boxes. As system signals become more sophisticated and are transmitted at higher speeds that much of the current
test equipment can measure, the only method of accurately measuring and viewing these signals is with scopes.
Choose to position yourself in the company of the leading technicians and/or instructors today. They all share the
knowledge and use of oscilloscope together. There are many oscilloscope discussion forums on the Internet and on
Facebook. Get involved and learn.
BEST METHOD OF LEARNING:
Clearly, the best method of learning how to use an oscilloscope is to first learn the fundamentals of scope
set up, adjustments and basic patterns. Then, begin to set aside some time to hook up your scope to running vehicles that do not have any problems to see what “normal” patterns look like. Practice with voltage/div, time/div settings, trigger’s and trigger slope to determine the differences between them and what
adjustments are best for each signals. After that, the only way to become proficient with scopes is to:
PRACTICE, PRACTICE and PRACTICE some more. YouTube has a great number of instructional videos covering many
scope topics and use. Get into the habit of watching some on a regular basis. As with anything on YouTube, you must
be careful to watch only reputable video’s, but there are many such resources available today. (see only a very partial
list below).
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INTRODUC TION TO THE DSO
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25
INTRODUC TION TO THE DSO
THIS BOOK IS FOR SALE FROM ATTS TRAINING
FOR $59.95 EACH
G" Jerry Truglia
A.T.T.S.
10 Lupi Plaza
Mahopac, New York 10541
845-628-1062
FAX 845-628-9109
EMAIL – gt@attstraining.com
www.attstraining.com
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26
INTRODUC TION TO THE DSO
SCOPE VIDEO LINKS
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R9iY8D_Lxus
Measuring voltage on an oscilloscope using cursors. — 5.16 min
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1igSgwtFzxA
Measure time on an oscilloscope using cursors. — 4.49 min
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AcJp-ktx0ec
Understanding basic oscilloscope triggers Level 1 — 2.34 min
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sWdrQzgzRwg
Measuring voltage using cursors on a scope. # 1 — 3.51 min
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y7cljLyc-94
Measuring voltage using cursors on a scope. # 2 — 3.03 min
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2LKD0qlwWjk
Setting time and voltage on an oscilloscope. — 3.23 min
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DB-XdBNwcc8
Using cursors to measure frequency on a scope. — 6.53 min
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iVclMxUWJ20
Introduction to the AES Wave UScope — 16.00 min
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bitDC4YgtX0
Using cursors to measure AC voltage on a scope. — 3.36 min
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bmIEbnglVj0
Using a pressure transducer to measure compression (Motor Age – Pete Meier) — 24.34 min
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Kwy72aaAFvo
Understanding compression waveforms. — 6.51 min
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kO91s0CoM_4
Testing for exhaust restriction and plugged converters using a scope (Scanner Danner). — 29.26 min
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=81AGbZcgCZs
PICO Scope Basics (Scanner Danner). — 39.58 min
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Nq-54h7z9uU
How to test a COP ignition system (4-wire) (Scanner Danner). — 42.08 min
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y4r5OcHN5Lg
Ford COP ignition testing (Scanner Danner). — 34.19 min
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yCchGNQEMdE
Ignition Waveform Diagnosis (Jim Morton). — 92.14 min
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SUShO72Grq8
Secondary Ignition Waveform Diagnosis (Scanner Danner). — 11.29 min
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MGaHaIXZioA
Alternator Diode Testing with a scope (Scanner Danner). — 8.23 min
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WKdZsWU2ZmI
Doing a compression test with an oscilloscope (Scanner Danner). — 12.57 min
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INTRODUC TION TO THE DSO
SCOPE VIDEO LINKS
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Iq27aO-zfgs
Compression Testing w/oscilloscope Variables (2005 Buick LaCrosse) (Scanner Danner). — 28.47 min
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5XlrOr7tNqw
ADP Reading and Analyzing Waveform Patterns — 48.02 min
https://www.youtube.com/user/ScannerDanner
Introduction to Scanner Danners YouTube channel contents — 1.42 min
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCs2NZ_wQFDFvV0QOhoZgASA
Introduction to Scanner Danners YouTube Premium channel contents — 1.56 min
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=txk6livWp28
Jim Morton’s YouTube video on “G’s and P’s” — about 4 hours long
Search YouTube for lots of related oscilloscope instructional video’s by:
Scanner Danner – Jim Morton – PICO Scope – Tons of other resources
Go to www.youtube.com, then, search for “AES Wave uscope”. You will find over 25 videos
on this product.
Go to www.youtube.com, then, search for “Basic oscilloscope operation”. You will find hundreds of video’s with some valuable titles and many, either to complex or advanced to not
having much to do with automotive applications. Remember, the basics of an oscilloscope are
the same regardless of whether you are talking about a lab scope or an automotive scope.
4210 rue Jean-Marchand
Quebec City, QC G2C 1Y6 Canada
Phone: 1-800-567-0791 (Canada & USA)
810-222-4525 (USA)
418-688-9067 (Canada)
Fax: 418-843-3444
Email: info@consulab
Internet: www.consulab.com
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