Advanced Topics in Educational Leadership Spring 2014 1 9EDL 880 Advanced Topics in Educational Leadership Doctoral Program in Educational Leadership Spring 2014 Learn, Lead, Transform I. CONTACTING THE INSTRUCTOR Dr. Cynthia L. Uline 162M North Education Bldg. Telephone 619-594-3949 Fax: 619-594-3825 Email: culine@mail.sdsu.edu Department of Educational Leadership 5500 Campanile Drive NE 166 San Diego, CA 92182-1190 Department Web: http://edweb.sdsu.edu/edleader/ Office Hours: By appointment II. DEPARTMENT VISION: San Diego State University’s Department of Educational Leadership endeavors to enhance public school systems by developing exceptional leaders committed to learn, lead, and transform in ways that improve the educational attainment of all students, especially historically underachieving students. III. COURSE RATIONALE: This course is designed for doctoral students concentrating their studies in PK-12 Educational Leadership. As you pursue a doctoral degree in Educational Leadership you explore critical leadership concerns for which you have interest and passion. From these topics you identify particular problems of practice, research problems, and corresponding questions for investigation. All this is informed by a thorough review of the relevant research and scholarship related to the problem in question. This course provides students time, resources, and guidance to pursue their individual inquiry into a significant problem of practice/topic of interest to them. You will begin to review and synthesize related research and scholarship, analyzing and critiquing the empirical and theoretical findings emerging from your examination. Reflecting upon your own practice, within this philosophical, theoretical, and empirical context, you will begin to give scholarly voice and definition to your evolving understandings of an advanced topic in educational leadership. The instructor also brings an advanced topic to the table. In particular, this course considers the importance of trusting and trustworthy leadership within P-12 schools and school districts, as foundational to developing a positive environment supportive of innovation, teamwork, and successful outcomes. Four decades of research underscore the importance of trust within school organizations. As you review this research, you consider the various dimensions of trust as a complex and dynamic process. You explore why trust matters in schools, particularly within the current context of ever-changing expectations and increasing demands. You gain tools for managing conflict and change in ways that contribute to the long-term viability of the organization. You learn how Advanced Topics in Educational Leadership Spring 2014 2 trustworthy leaders promote and maintain high standards for personal and organizational integrity, honesty, and respect for school, school district, and community members. Finally, you will consider one scholar’s dissertation research journey as a model of the process from exploration of a topic and problem of practice, to identification of the particular research problem and corresponding questions for investigation, to conducting the study, to analyzing data, and reporting and defending findings. Likewise, we will explore the research findings’ progressive impact on the field and the subsequent refinement of outcomes in accordance with this. IV. STUDENTS LEARNING OUTCOMES: 1. Organizational Strategy: Organize strategies to improve the quality of education and promote the success of all students, while sustaining their institutional mission. The demonstration of this outcome is based on knowledge of the organizations, their cultures, environments, and future trends Learning Indicators: 1.1 Develop a positive environment that supports innovation, teamwork, and successful outcomes. 1.2 Demonstrate knowledge of various advanced topics relevant to leadership practice in American schools and school districts, in particular, the importance of trust and trusting relationships within P-12 education. 1.3 Examine how educational leaders create trusting organizational cultures, conducive to the personal and professional growth of others. 2. Resource Management: equitably and ethically sustain people, processes, information, and assets, to fulfill the mission, vision and goals of their institutions. Learning Indicators: 2.2 Create an organizational culture that values positive employee relations. 2.8 Manage conflict and change in ways that contribute to the long-term viability of the organization. 4. Communications: Use scrupulous listening, speaking, and writing skills to engage in honest, open dialogue. Learning Indicators: 4.1 Create and maintain open communications regarding resources, priorities, and expectations among all constituents. 4.2 Listen actively to understand, comprehend, analyze, engage and act. 7. Professionalism: Set high standards for self and others, continuously improve self, demonstrate personal accountability, and ensure the long-term growth of self and the organization. Learning Indicators: 7.1 Demonstrate ethical and personal integrity in decision-making. 7.2 Describes strategies to insure that moral and ethical practices are established and followed in the organization. Advanced Topics in Educational Leadership Spring 2014 7.3 3 Promote and maintain high standards for personal and organizational integrity, honesty, and respect for people. 9. Decision Sciences: Engage in scientific methods to assess practice, examine results and promote sound decision-making. Learning Indicators: 9.1 Utilize the expertise of external researchers and the results of research studies in the literature to improve decision-making. 9.2 Evaluate research studies based on their value to an organization. 9.3 Function as an informed consumer of educational research and inquiry, applying current research and scholarship to problems of practice. 9.4 Employ various tools of inquiry, exploring research and scholarship relevant to a topic of interest in the field and demonstrating mastery of the literature in question. 9.5 Write the first draft of your dissertation literature review. 9.6 Grow as a practitioner/scholar in the field of educational leadership, improving writing/research skills. 9.7 Provide peer review and substantive feedback to research colleagues. V. REQUIRED TEXTS/SUPPLEMENTAL MATERIALS: Tschannen-Moran, M. (2004). Trust matters: Leadership for successful schools. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass. Clark, V.L. & Creswell, J.W. (2010). Understanding research: A consumer’s guide. Upper Saddle Back, New Jersey: Pearson Education, Inc. (You will also be using this text in Dr. Fisher’s course.) Other readings and class materials as assigned. VI. STUDENT EXPECTATIONS Students are expected to attend all classes and actively participate in class discussions in a manner that deepens the learning experience for all the class members. Students are expected to complete assignments in a timely manner, striving for consistency in the quality of their ideas, their writing, and their presentation of themes and findings, demonstrating a thorough knowledge of the literature and research relevant to their paper topics. VII. ASSESSMENT/EVALUATION Students have the opportunity to earn a grade of A, B, C, Incomplete, or F. The professor will establish rubrics, which will define standards of work for grade attainment. Students will be expected to engage in self-reflection and provide meaningful input related to their ability to demonstrate competency in meeting course outcomes. Each student will be expected to lead teaching and learning activities related to developing consensus, managing conflict, and practicing communication processes. Since this is a seminar course, discussion will be a major component of class time. All students are expected to contribute on a regular basis to class discussions. All discussions and presentations will Advanced Topics in Educational Leadership Spring 2014 be conducted in a professional manner appropriate for a graduate level class. Lack of participation due to absences may affect a student’s grade. Grading Scale 93 % - 100 % = A 87 % - 89 % = B+ 80 % - 82 % = B- 73 % - 76 % = C 90 % - 92 % = A- 83 % - 86 % = B 77 % - 79 % = C + 70 % -72 % = C- VIII. STUDENT APPEALS If for any reason a student feels that he/she has need for an exception to the program or any other programmatic issue that needs to be addressed, they must adhere to the following procedures: 1. Talk to their professor of record or Department Coordinator (depending on the issue). 2. If the issue is not resolved, talk with their Program Coordinator. 3. If still not resolved, talk to the EDL Chair. 4. If the chair does not resolve the problem to the student’s satisfaction, the student can send a letter of appeal to the Department of Educational Leadership’s Error and Omissions committee. The student also has the right to the SDSU Student appeal process delineated at the following web site: http://www.sa.sdsu.edu/srr/index.html IX. UNIVERSITY EXPECTATIONS SDSU rules and regulations concerning graduate students can be found in the Bulletin of the Graduate Division that you received in class. The Bulletin can also be found on line at: http://coursecat.sdsu.edu/GB0203/index.html Disability Students with special needs (as specified in the Americans with Disabilities Act) should notify the instructor immediately so that special accommodations may be made. Plagiarism Students may be suspended, placed on probation, or given a lesser sanction for one or more of the following causes which must be campus-related: (a) Cheating or plagiarism in connection with an academic program at a campus. (b) Forgery, alteration, or misuse of campus documents, records, or identification. X. COURSE DELIVERABLES AND REQUIREMENTS A. Advanced Topic Review of the Literature You will investigate a significant problem of practice/topic of interest to you and conduct a review of the relevant scholarship and research, addressing this problem/topic. You will prepare a 16-18 page essay analyzing, synthesizing, interpreting, and critiquing the empirical and theoretical findings emerging from your investigation. You will prepare your literature review in 4 phases. 4 Advanced Topics in Educational Leadership Spring 2014 5 Phase 1: Finalize Your Preliminary Literature Matrix Refine the problem of practice/advanced topic in educational leadership you identified within ED 895. Continue to explore the relevant research and scholarship around this problem/topic. Taking account of feedback you received on your initial draft of the literature matrix, include a minimum of 18-20 scholarly articles related to you topic/problem. Finalize your literature matrix including author, title, additional bibliographic information, a summary of themes addressed, and results/findings from each article. Upload Preliminary Literature Matrix to the instructor and cohort colleagues by Thursday, February 6 at 11:30 pm. (20% of grade) Phase 2: Literature Review Introduction Prepare a one and a half-page introduction to your advanced topic literature review. Paragraph one sets the context. What topic/problem of practice in educational leadership does your paper explore? How does this concern affect/influence students, teachers, parents, schools, and/or school districts? To what degree, and in what way, is this topic important to the work of educational leaders? Create a sense of interest and urgency for your audience. Paragraph two provides an advanced organizer. What scholarly literature/research do you intend to review? Who are the leading researchers exploring this topic? Prepare the reader for what is to come. Paragraph three anticipates future research on this advanced topic. How might further study of this topic advance the educational enterprise? How might future researchers investigate this topic? Begin to identify the entry point for your own contribution. Include an outline of additional themes/subtopics yet to be addressed. Provide a preliminary bibliography of key references to be explored. Upload Literature Review Introduction to instructor and seminar colleagues by Monday, March 10, at 11:30 pm. (10% of grade) Advanced Topics in Educational Leadership Spring 2014 6 Phase 3: Literature Review Eight-Page Draft: Submit eight pages of your advanced topic literature review. These eight pages extend beyond your one page introduction, for a total of nine pages. These nine pages begin to articulate areas of research and scholarship relevant to your chosen topic. Begin to define the specific variables, descriptors, theoretical themes you discover through your review of the literature. Organize your review according to these themes. Describe the various methodological approaches applied by others who have investigated the topic. Chronicle the important empirical findings that will inform practice, as well as potential research in this topic. As you present various findings, explicate through examples, anticipating the reader’s desire to know how these findings relate to real life in schools. Begin to critically analyze these methods and findings, answering the following questions: What are the strengths and limitations of this research? What does it teach us about the topic in question? What remains to be learned? Upload eight-page Literature Review to the instructor and seminar colleagues by Monday, April 7th at 11:30 pm. (20% grade) 4. Final Manuscript: Submit your final manuscript according to the designated deadlines. Be sure to describe how research findings originated or stimulated growth and development within the field. In your conclusion, explore the important question that research to date leaves unanswered. Throughout your review, you must employ and reference relevant research to: a) support your growing understanding of a given advanced topic in educational leadership, and b) to demonstrate your mastery of the research/literature itself. Upload Final Literature Review manuscript to the instructor on Tuesday, May 13th at 11:30 pm. (30% of grade) Advanced Topics in Educational Leadership Spring 2014 7 B. Cultivating Trust: A Key Resource for School Success/ Conducting an Organizational Trust Action Experiment You will apply the tools of appreciative inquiry and design thinking to develop a S-M-A-R-T (Specific, Measurable, Attainable,Relevant, and Timebound) experiment aimed at cultivating trust within your organization. Through this experiment, you will increase your awareness of the organizational culture of your school, particularly as it relates to issues of trust. You will learn ways to manage conflict in ways that contribute to the long-term viability of the organization. You will practice listening actively to understand, comprehend, analyze, engage and then act on behalf of your organization. You will identify strategies to insure that moral and ethical practices are established and followed within your organization, promoting high standards for personal and organizational integrity, honesty, and respect. a. Conduct a trust-focused appreciative interview with a cohort colleague in class on February 8th. b. Utilizing the Organizational Trust Action Experiment Template (see p. 19), you will: (1) Summarize the experiment and state your hypothesis. (2) Describe the experiment’s relevance to your professional aspirations and standards. (3) Describe the details of the experiment itself, listing the proposed strategies. (4) Identify the supporting systems and resources. (5) Establish the timeline, including benchmarks and milestones. (6) Report your level of confidence in completing the experiment successfully. (7) Establish data collection and reporting methods. Upload Organizational Trust Action Experiments to the instructor and seminar colleagues on Thursday, May 8th at 11:30 pm. (10% of grade). Present experiments in Class on May 11th. 5. Class Attendance and Participation: The seminar group will read assigned readings and be prepared to participate actively in discussions. The seminar group will also respond to individual member’s Advanced Topic Literature Reviews according to the course outline. For these activities we will function as a writer’s workshop, reviewing and critiquing seminar members’ work. These responses will be as specific as possible, including feedback on the ideas expressed, the organization of these ideas, voice and conventions, and suggestions regarding the references cited. (10% of grade) Advanced Topics in Educational Leadership Spring 2014 8 XI. UNIVERSITY EXPECTATIONS SDSU rules and regulations concerning graduate students can be found in the Bulletin of the Graduate Division that you received in class. This Bulletin can also be found on line at: http://coursecat.sdsu.edu/bulletin/index.html Disability Students with special needs (as specified in the Americans with Disabilities Act) should notify the instructor immediately so that special accommodations may be made. Field Trips and Liability Coverage: Should this course require students to participate in field trips, research or studies that include course work that will be performed off-campus, it is important to note that participation in such activities may result in accidents or personal injury. Student participating in the event are aware of these risks, and agree to hold harmless San Diego State University, the State of California, the Trustees of the California State University and Colleges and its officers, employees and agents against all claims, demands, suits, judgments, expenses and costs of any kind on account of their participation in the activities. Student using their own vehicles to transport other students to such activities should have the current automobile insurance. Plagiarism: Students may be suspended, placed on probation or given a lesser sanction for one or more of the following causes which must be campus related: (a) Cheating or plagiarism in connection with an academic pro-gram at a campus. (b) Forgery, alteration or misuse of campus documents, records, or identification. http://gra.sdsu.edu/dra/integrity_research_scholarship.htm Advanced Topics in Educational Leadership Spring 2014 9 XII. TENTATIVE COURSE OUTLINE: CLASS IN CLASS ASSIGNMENTS SESSION TOPICS/ACTIVITIES Review course schedule and January Prior to the January 18th session, read and expectations. 18, 2014 study: Plano Clark, V. L. & Creswell, J.W. (2010). Understand the role and Understanding Research, Chapter 3, and purpose of the literature review Tschannen-Moran, M. (2004). Trust matters: Leadership for successful schools, Chapter 1, and Consider the steps for conducting a literature Bryk, A. & Schneider, B. (2003). Trust in review. schools: A core resource for school reform. Educational Leadership, 4, 6, 40-44. Explore why trust matters in schools. Review: The course syllabus. Conduct a trust-focused appreciative interview with a Written Assignment due February 6: cohort colleague. Continue to refine your problem of practice/advanced topic in educational leadership. Continue to explore the relevant research and scholarship. Identify a minimum of 5 additional scholarly articles related to you topic. Revise your Preliminary Literature Matrix including author, title, additional bibliographic information, and a summary of themes addressed in each article, as described on page 5 of syllabus. February 8, 2014 Define trust and explore how P-12 educational leaders cultivate trust in 21st century schools. Upload Literature Matrix to course site on February 6, 2014 by 11:30 pm. Prior to the February 8th session: Read and study: Plano Clark, V. L. & Creswell, J.W. (2010). Understanding Research, Chapter 4, and With a colleague, begin to design your Organizational Trust Action Experiment. Tschannen-Moran, M. (2004). Trust matters: Leadership for successful schools, Chapters 2 and 3, and Advanced Topics in Educational Leadership Spring 2014 10 IN CLASS TOPICS/ACTIVITIES February 8, 2014 (continued) ASSIGNMENTS Uline, C.; Miller, D.; & Tschannen-Moran, M. (1998). School Effectiveness: A test of a causal Revisit steps for conducting a model. Educational Administration Quarterly, 34, literature review. 4, 462-483, and The Creswell Criteria for Evaluating Dissertations Self-Assessment Checklist. The Workshop Process Handout. Written Assignment due on March 10th: Prepare a 1 1/2-page introduction to your Advanced Topic Literature Review (See description on p. 5 of syllabus). Include a preliminary outline of themes/subtopics to be addressed and bibliography of key references to be explored. Upload Literature Review Introduction, with outline and references to course site, Monday, March 10th by 11:30 pm. Workshop Review: Prior to the writers’ workshop session, seminar members review all seminar members’ Advanced Topic Literature Review Introductions. Utilize the provided writing rubrics to prepare a reflective question for each cohort author. Questions should relate to idea development and/or general organization. Written comments may address word choice, sentence fluency, conventions, and suggestions regarding the references cited. Participate in Literature Review Online Forum 1. The forum begins March 7 and runs to March 14, 2014. Begins March 7 and runs to March 14, 2014 Online Forum March 15, 2014 Explore reactions to damaged Prior to the March 15th session: trust. Read and study: Tschannen-Moran, M. (2004). Trust matters: Consider how educational Leadership for successful schools, Chapters 4 and leaders utilize collaboration 5, and Advanced Topics in Educational Leadership Spring 2014 11 March 15, 2014 IN CLASS TOPICS/ACTIVITIES as a means to organizational improvement. (continued) Examine the ways we summarize, synthesize and analyze research. ASSIGNMENTS Goddard, R.D., Salloum, S.J., Berebitsky, D. (2009). Trust as a mediator of the relationship between poverty, racial composition, and academic achievement: Evidence from Michigan’s public elementary schools. Educational Administration Quarterly, 45, 2, 292-311. Introduction Workshop. Written Assignment due Monday, April 7th: Prior to our next session prepare an 8-page draft of your Advanced Topic Literature Review (See description on p. 6 of syllabus). Upload Literature Review 8-page draft to course site by Monday, April 7th, by 11:30 pm. Workshop Review: Prior to the writers’ workshop session, seminar members review research group members’ Advanced Topic Literature Review 8-page drafts. Utilize the provided writing rubrics to prepare a reflective question for each cohort author. Questions should relate to idea development and/or general organization. Written comments may address word choice, sentence fluency, conventions, and suggestions regarding the references cited. Begins April 4 and runs to April 11, 2014 April 12, 2014 SPRING BREAK: March 31- April 4, 2013 Participate in Literature Review Online Forum Online Forum 2. The forum begins April 4 and runs to April 11, 2014. Examine how educational leaders encourage a culture of trust among teacher, as well as foster trust with students and parents. 8-page draft Workshop. Prior to the April 12th session: Read and study: Tschannen-Moran, M. (2004). Trust matters: Leadership for successful schools, Chapters 6 and 7, and Advanced Topics in Educational Leadership Spring 2014 12 IN CLASS TOPICS/ACTIVITIES ASSIGNMENTS Daly, A. J. & Finnigan, K. S. (2012). Exploring the space between social networks, trust, and urban school district leaders. Journal if School Leadership, 22, 493-530. May 10, 2014 Consider how trustworthy leaders restore and nurture trust as a means to build organizational capacity. Written Assignment due Thursday May, 8th: Prior to our next session prepare Organizational Trust Experiment Template (See description on p. 7 of syllabus). Present Organizational Trust Action Experiments. Upload Organizational Trust Experiment to course site by Thursday, May 8th, by 11:30 pm. Prior to the May 10th session, read and study: Plano Clark, V. L. & Creswell, J.W. (2010). Understanding Research, Chapter 5, and Tschannen-Moran, M. (2004). Trust matters: Leadership for successful schools, Chapters 8 and 9, and Tschannen-Moran, M. (2009). Fostering teacher professionalism in schools. Educational Administration Quarterly, 45, 2, 217-247. Final Written Assignment: Upload final manuscript to the course site Tuesday, May 13th, by 11:30 pm. Advanced Topics in Educational Leadership Spring 2014 13 Grading Sheet for the Preliminary Literature Review Matrix In grading the Preliminary Literature Matrix, points will be assigned according to the following criteria: __20 pts: The preliminary literature review matrix includes 18-20 scholarly articles on your developing dissertation topic. __20 pts: The preliminary literature review matrix includes appropriate bibliographic information in APA style. __20 pts: The preliminary literature review matrix briefly outlines themes/subtopics addressed. __20 pts: The preliminary literature review matrix accurately describes basic information about the research design, research sample/participants, and data gathering and analysis methodologies for articles included, where appropriate. __20 pts: The preliminary literature review matrix briefly describes the findings/results for the articles included, where appropriate. Total Points: Advanced Topics in Educational Leadership Spring 2014 14 Grading Sheet for the Advanced Topic Literature Review, Assignment 2 In grading the introduction to your Advanced Topic Literature Review, points will be assigned according to the following criteria: 5 pts: The introduction includes appropriate in-text citations in APA format. 10 pts: The introduction describes the advanced topic in educational you intend to explore. 10 pts: The introduction references how this topic/concern affects/influences students, teachers, parents, schools, and/or school districts, and is important to the work of school leaders. 10 pts. The introduction describes the scholarly literature/research you intend to review and identifies the leading researchers exploring this topic. 5 pts: The introduction explains how this scholarship/research provides a point of departure for future research into this advanced topic. 10 pts: The introduction includes a preliminary bibliography of key references. ___10 pts: The introduction is written with clarity. 10 pts: The introduction is logical and coherent. 10 pts: The introduction is written in concise language. 10 pts: The introduction is written with precision. Word choice, grammar, punctuation, and spelling are excellent. 10 pts: The introduction is written in a style intended to inform and explain rather than to persuade or argue. Total Points: Advanced Topics in Educational Leadership Spring 2014 15 Grading Sheet for the Advanced Topic Literature Review, Assignments 3 and 4 In grading the 8-page draft and final manuscript of your Advanced Topic Literature Review, points will be assigned according to the following criteria: 5 pts: The literature review includes a bibliography in correct APA format. 15 pts: The literature review emphasizes the relatedness of the research and scholarship discussed, building an integrated essay, rather than a chain of isolated summaries. 5 pts: The literature review describes your analysis of the factors that might have influenced various findings across the literature. 5 pts: The literature review accurately describes basic information about the research samples and methodologies, where appropriate. The 8-page draft includes an updated outline of themes/subtopics yet to be addressed. 10 pts: or The final manuscript identifies important questions that the research to date leaves unanswered, describing the nature and design of additional research needed to deepen or solidify understandings. 10 pts: The literature review cites reasons various theoretical perspectives and/or study findings might/might not have applicability or utility. 10 pts: The literature review is written with great clarity. Every sentence is clear and easy to understand. 10 pts: The literature review is logical and coherent. It is well organized from start to finish. 10 pts: The literature review is written in concise language. 10 pts: The literature review is written with great precision. Word choice, grammar, punctuation, and spelling are excellent. 10 pts: The literature review is written in a style intended to inform and explain rather than to persuade or argue. At the same time, the writing is interesting and engaging, rather than dull and uninspired. Total Points: 16 Experimental Design Template Name: Date: Summarize Experiment and State Hypothesis: Relevance to Professional Aspirations/Standards: Strategies (What, Where, How) Timeline Supporting Systems and Resources Confidence Level (On a Scale of 0 to 10): Revise the strategy, systems, resources, and timeline until confidence level is 7 or higher. Data Collection and Reporting: 17 Grading Sheet for the Organizational Trust Experiment, Assignment 5 In grading your Organizational Trust Experiment, points will be assigned according to the following criteria: 10 pts: The experiment template provides a concise summary of the trust-related problem of practice to be addressed through your experiment. 20 pts: The experiment proceeds from a well-articulated hypothesis of the proposed actions and predicted outcomes of the experiment. 10 pts: The experiment reflects a thoughtful statement regarding its relevance to your professional aspirations and standards as a trustworthy leader. 20 pts. The experiment outlines the proposed strategies for completion. 10 pts: The experiment follows an explicit timeline. 10 pts: The experiment template takes account of necessary supporting systems and/or resources. ___10 pts: The experiment articulates your confidence level for success. 10 pts: The experiment describes data gathering and reporting methods you will apply. Total Points: 18 Additional References Bhattacharya, R., Devinney, T., & Pillutla, M. (1998). A formal model of trust based on outcomes. Academy of Management Review 23, 459-472. Bird, J.J., Wang, C., Watson, J. & Murray, L. (2012). Teacher and principal perceptions of authentic leadership: Implications for trust, engagement, and intention to return. Journal if School Leadership, 22, 425-461. Bryk, A., & Schneider, B. (1996). Social trust: A moral resource for school improvement. Center on Organizations and Restructuring of Schools, Madison, WI: Wisconsin Center for Education Research. (ERIC Document Reproduction Services No. ED412630) Bryk, A., & Schneider, B. (2002). Trust in schools: A core resource for improvement. New York: Russell Sage Foundation. Bryk, A., & Schneider, B. (2003). Trust in schools: A core resource for school reform. Educational Leadership, 60(6), 40-44. Cosner, S. (2009). Building Organizational Capacity Through Trust Educational Administration Quarterly April 2009 45: 248-291, doi:10.1177/0013161X08330502 Costa, A. (2003). Understanding the nature and the antecedents of trust within work teams. In B. Nooteboom & F. Six (Eds.), The trust process in organizations: Empirical studies of the determinants and the process of trust development (pp. 105-124). Northampton, MA: Edward Elgar Publishing. 19 Costa, A., Roe, R., & Taillieu, T. (2001). Trust within teams: The relation with performance effectiveness. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 19(3), 225-244. Cummings, L., & Bromiley, P. (1996). The organizational trust inventory (OTI): Development and validation. In R. Kramer & T. Tyler (Eds.), Trust in organizations: Frontiers of theory and research (pp. 302-330). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Daly, A. (2009). Rigid Response in an Age of Accountability: The Potential of Leadership and Trust. Educational Administration Quarterly April 2009 45: 168216, doi:10.1177/0013161X08330499 Daly, A. J. & Finnigan, K. S. (2012). Exploring the space between social networks, trust, and urban school district leaders. Journal if School Leadership, 22, 493-530. Dirks, K., & Skarlicki, D. (2004). Trust in leaders: Existing research and emerging issues. In R. Kramer & K. Cook (Eds.), Trust and distrust in organizations: Dilemmas and approaches (pp. 21-40). Thousand Oaks, CA: Jossey-Bass. Elangovan, A. R., & Shapiro, D. (1998). Betrayal of trust in organizations. The Academy of Management Review, 23(3), 547-566. Ferres, N., Connell, J. & Travaglione, A. (2004). 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Jehn, K. (1997). Affective and cognitive conflict in work groups: Increasing performance through value-based intragroup conflict. In C. De Dreu & E. De Vliert (Eds.), Using conflict in organizations (pp. 87-100). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Jones, W., & Burdette, M. P. (1994). Betrayal in relationships. In A. Weber & J. Harvey (Eds.), Perspectives on close relationships (pp. 243- 262). Boston: Allyn and Bacon. Kochanek, J. (2005). Building trust for better schools: Research-based practices. Thousand Oaks, CA: Corwin Press. Kramer, R. (1999). Trust and distrust in organizations: Emerging perspectives, enduring questions. Annual Review of Psychology, 50, 569-98. 21 Kramer, R., & Cook, K. (2004). Trust and distrust in organizations: Dilemmas and approaches. In R. Kramer & K. Cook, (Eds.), Trust and distrust in organizations: Dilemmas and approaches (pp. 1-18). New York: Russell Sage Foundation. Lewicki, R. & Bunker, B. (1995). Trust in relationships: A model of trust development and decline. In B. Bunker & J. Rubin (Eds.), Conflict, cooperation and justice (pp. 133-173). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. Lewicki, R., & Bunker, B. (1996). Developing and maintaining trust in work relationships. In R. Kramer & T. Tyler, (Eds.), Trust in organizations: Frontiers of theory and research (pp. 114-139). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications. Lewicki, R., & Wiethoff, C. (2000). Trust, trust development, and trust repair. In M. Deutsch & P. Coleman (Eds.), The handbook of conflict resolution: Theory and practice (pp. 86-107). San Francisco: Jossey Bass. Ostrom, E. (2000). Social capital: A fad or a fundamental concept? In P. Dasgupta & I. Serageldin (Eds.), Social capital: A multifaceted perspective (pp. 172-214). Washington, DC: The World Bank. Owens, M.A. & Johnson, B.L. (2009). From calculation through courtship to contribution: Cultivating trust among urban youth in an academic intervention program. 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Miskel, Studies in leading and organizing schools (pp. 157-179). Information Age Publishing: Greenwich: CT. Tschannen-Moran, M. (2001). Collaboration and the need for trust. Journal of Educational Administration, 39(4), 308-331. Tschannen-Moran, M., & Hoy, W. (2000). A multidisciplinary analysis of the nature, meaning, and measurement of trust. Review of Educational Research, 71, 547-593. Uline, C., Tschannen-Moran, M., & Perez, L. (2003). Constructive conflict: How controversy contributes to school improvement. Teacher College Record, 105, 5, 782-816. Zand, D. (1971). Trust and managerial problem solving. Administrative Science Quarterly, 17, pp. 229-239.