Hydraulic fracturing, often called
is
, fracing or hydrofracking,
process of initiating and
propagating a fracture in
layer, employing the
The
of a fluid as
, known as a frack
drilled
source of energy.
(or frac job), is
reservoir rock formations, in
extraction
by
and natural gas.
may be natural or manfluid pressure which opens
through the rock.
fracturing by
hydraulic fractures include volcanic
formed at depth in
into
a material, such as
that prevent the
and
national levels.
typically maintained after
the injected fluid.
of sand, ceramic, or
from closing when the
Considerable controversy
of
, sills and
borehole and extend
by introducing a proppant
Proppant
extend
-made fluid-driven
formations. The fracture width
the
and are extended
fracture and causes it
as in frost weathering.
fractures
from a wellbore
to increase the
and ultimate recovery of
Hydraulic
rock
fracturing technology in the
concerns have emerged and
particulates,
is stopped.
the current implementation
States. Environmental safety
being debated at the
and