Research Methods & Evaluation
for the Internet Generation
Jane Long
MLIS, University of Oklahoma
MA, English, Wright State University
Reference Services Librarian
Al Harris Library
jane.long@swosu.edu
The Internet is…
• a major presence in our daily lives
• constantly growing
• helping make an enormous amount of
information available
Web Searching is easy
because…..
• Speed
• Choice
• Availability 24/7
• We always get an answer
Web searching is difficult
because …
• Organization
• Quality control
• Reliability
Web vs. Library Databases
• Web
– Good for current
events
– Statistical Information
– Pop Culture
– Opinion
– Information about
Organizations &
Groups
• Library Databases
– Research Based Books
& Articles
– Full-text Resources
– Authoritative & Peerreviewed Materials
– Information about
People & Cultures
– Easier to Search
• AND, OR, NOT
• Specific Subjects
Why Can’t I Get this Info on the
Web?
• Humanities
– American History $29.95 / yr
– Journal of Teacher Education $30 / yr
– College English $75 / yr
• Nursing & Allied Health
– Applied Nursing Research $224 / yr
– Nursing Science Quarterly $280 / yr
– Journal of Community Health Nursing $475 / yr
• Sciences
– Journal of the Optical Society of America $1,760 / yr
– Journal of the American Chemical Society $3,589 / yr
– Journal of Physics $7,115 / yr
This doesn’t include pricing for electronic access or database subscriptions.
Forming New Habits
Ever wonder what you might be missing?
Forming New Habits
http://searchenginewatch.com
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Web searching tips
Search engine listings
Search engine ratings (which is rated better?)
Tutorials
News
– Buying Your Way In (paid listings in search
engines)
• Fun Stuff
– Sprechen Sie Search Engines?
Directory
• Electronic Yellow
Pages
• Organized into
categories
• Point & click
searching
Search Engine
• Simply searches
• Prominent search
box
• Google voted “Most
Outstanding Search
Engine” 4 times
• Lycos, the oldest
search engine on
the web (‘94)
Metasearch Engine
• Utilize search engines
and directories to
compile comprehensive
results
• “one-stop” searching
• Dogpile voted “Best
Meta Search Engine”
• Vivísimo voted “Best
Meta Search Engine”
(’02)
• Mamma, the oldest
metasearch engine on
the web (’96)
• Kartoo--a visual
search tool
• Ditto--an image
search engine
• Radio-Locator--an
audio/radio station
search engine
• KidsClick!--a kid
friendly search tool
Government Web Tools
• USA.Gov, (formerly
FirstGov) director of
federal gov’t websites
• SoonerSearch, a portal
to Oklahoma gov’t
websites
• Unclesam, a version of
Google that searches
only gov’t websites
• Infomine, access to
university level
research on gov’t info
The Machine is Us/ing Us
Evaluation Is Essential
• Authority
– Who created it? Who is responsible?
– What credentials do they hold? What makes them
qualified to discuss the topic?
• Accuracy
– Can the information be verified?
– Check the facts!
• Objectivity
– How is the information being presented?
– Is it objective or biased? What’s the point of view?
• Currency (important based on subject)
– When was it published?
– When was it last updated?
Step 1: Authority
• Web Pages
– Credentials/Qualifications/Reputation
– Who is responsible for content?
• Webmaster?
• Web team?
• Organization?
• Institution?
• Company?
Step 1: Authority: Questions
1. Do you recognize the author's name?
Is there an author's name?
2. If you don't recognize the name, or
there is no name, what type of
information is given about the contact
information?
- Position?
- Organizational affiliation?
- E-mail address?
- Biographical information?
Domain Names
• Which one is right?
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www.whitehouse.com
www.whitehouse.gov
www.whitehouse.net
www.whitehouse.org
• Whois.net
– www.whois.net
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.gov
.org
.mil
.com
.edu
.net
.int
Indicates a reliable domain name
Domain Names
 Domain Names: ICANN (Internet
Corporation for Assigned Names and
Numbers) has overall responsibility for
managing the Domain Name System.
Step 2: Accuracy
• Web Pages
– Can the information be verified?
• Links to credible sites
• Copyright
• Works Cited
• Fact check with a printed source
Step 2: Accuracy
1. Does the website cite sources used to
present its information? What type of
sources are they? Scholarly? Popular?
2. Is it possible to verify the legitimacy
of these sources?
3. If the site is research-based, does the
website clearly identify the method of
research and the data gathered?
Step 3: Objectivity
Biased or Objective?
• Sponsoring Organization
• Agendas
• Political Propaganda
• Web hosting
http://english.aljazeera.net/News
http://www.foxnews.com/
http://www.npr.org/
Do you trust the author or organization providing the
information?
Step 3: Objectivity
Determine the aim of the author or organization
publishing the site.
What is the purpose of the web site?
1. Is it advertisement for a product or service?
2. Is it directed toward political purposes?
3. Is it trying to sway public opinion on a social issue?
Do you trust the author or organization providing
the information?
Step 4: Currency
• Web Pages
– When was it created and last updated?
• Well maintained web sites have an indication
when it was last updated or modified
• Accessibility
– Dead links
• Stability
– Changes URLs frequently
Step 4: Currency
1. Is a date clearly displayed?
2. Can you determine what the date refers to?
When the page was first written?
When the page was first posted on the
Internet?
When the page was last revised or updated?
The copyright date?
3. Are the resources used by the author current?
4. Does the page content demand routine or continual
updating or revision?
5. Do the links on the page point to the correct
Internet site addresses?
Exercise: Evaluation Handout
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www.who.int/en/
www.dhmo.org
www.genochoice.com
www.martinlutherking.org
www.aaip.org/
http://www.ashwooduniversity.net/
Known for providing
information on web traffic
Google
• Larry Page & Sergey Brin/ Grad Students
1998
• Mission: "to organize the world's information
and make it universally accessible and
useful.“
• 2008: 22 billion dollar corporation
Google: A Tool like any other
Site Specific Command
What it does: searches only specific domains
What to type: nursing jobs site:edu
nursing jobs site:com
nursing jobs site:org
Google Scholar
• Google Scholar provides a simple way
to search for scholarly literature.
Search across many disciplines and
sources: peer-reviewed papers, theses,
books, abstracts and articles, from
academic publishers, professional
societies, preprint repositories,
universities and other scholarly
organizations.
Google Scholar
• Works best for Citations
• Restrictions to Content
– Fee-based
– Often your Library already owns material
– We’re working on improving access
– Example: Tribal Colleges
Wikipedia
Wiki:
A Web application that allows users to add
content to a collaborative hypertext Web resource
(coauthoring), as in an Internet forum, and permits
others to edit that content (open editing).
Wikipedia
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Jimmy Wales January 15, 2001
No Original Research
NPOV (Neutral point of view)
No owners, multiple anonymous
authors
• Anyone with Internet access can create
or edit an entry…Anyone
Wikipedia
• Contributors: male, English speaking,
denizens of the Internet.
• Problem is not that it disregards the facts,
but that it elevates them above all else.
• Most of the content is discussion/history of
edits & not the entries themselves.
Rosenzweig, Roy. “Can History Be Open Source? Wikipedia and the Future of the Past.” The
Journal of American History 93.1 (2006): 117-146
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Wikipedia
• Participation maps popular, not academic
concerns
• It is a working community…but is it a good
historical resource?
• Lack of Critical Analysis
• Problematic as a sole source of information
• Like all encyclopedias…okay to start, terrible
place to stop.
• Benefits its active participants, not its
readers.
Writing Your Paper
• Writing Center
– Located in the basement of the library
– Call for appointment #774-7083
• MLA Style
– Style Sheets
– MLA Handbook at Reference & Circulation
Desks
– http://www.dianahacker.com/resdoc/
Questions?
• Contact me:
• Jane Long
– 774-3030
– jane.long@swosu.edu
Thanks!