San José State University CASA/DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE STUDIES JS 136-02, FAMILY AND COMMUNITY VIOLENCE, #45438, FALL, 2012 Instructor: Office Location: Telephone: Email: Office Hours: Class Days/Time: Classroom: Prerequisites: GE/SJSU Studies Category: Dorian Dreyfuss, J.D. M.A. 521 MacQuarrie Hall (408) (924-2746) Dorian.Dreyfuss@sjsu.edu-the best way to reach me. TuTh 10:30-12:30 TuTh 3:00-4:15PM 520 MacQuarrie Hall Students must have passed the WST Writing Skills Test, and have upper division standing of 56 units and completed their core GE courses. Completion or coenrollment in 100W is also required. This course fulfills Area S: “courses to meet areas R,S and V of SJS studies must be taken from three different departments or distinct academic units”. JS Competency Area: Desire2Learn All course materials, syllabus, handouts, assignments, review sheets and notices of class changes or date changes will be posted on Desire2learn. Notices will be posted under ‘announcements’ and all other materials will be in DROPBOX. Please check regularly! Class Cancellations or location changes If the instructor needs to cancel class or change the location of class and it is not scheduled on the syllabus there will be a notice under Announcements on D2L and students will be emailed. Make sure your email is updated with the University. It is also wise to have a class buddy you can rely on for updates. Js 136-03 Page 1 Turnitin.com All written material must be submitted to Turnitin.com. All assignments will be on the website and it is the student’s responsibility to submit their material before the closing date. Late work will not be accepted without permission from the instructor. There are generally no exceptions without a physician’s note. Vacations, family events, etc. will not qualify. Work may always be turned in early if an event precludes the student’s presence in class on the due date. Procedure: The class ID is 5329121 and the password is Violence02. Work is submitted to Turnitin.com and a hardcopy and the originality report are turned in to class on the due date. They are not emailed to the instructor without permission from the instructor. Course Description This course examines violent and abusive relationships, community response, justice system policy and preventive interventions. Topics include intimate partner violence, child abuse and neglect, elder abuse, rape, hate crimes and gang violence. International issues of genocide, family violence and child exploitation will also be studied. Course Goals and Student Learning Objectives G.E. Learning Objectives After successfully completing the course, students shall be able to: 1. Describe how identities (i.e. religious, gender, ethnic, racial, class, sexual orientation, disability and age are shaped by cultural and societal influences within the contexts of equality and inequality: (course learning objective 1 and 3) 2. Describe historical, social, political, and economic processes producing diversity, equality and structured inequalities in the U.S. (course learning objective 2) 3. Describe social actions which have led to greater equality and social justice in the U.S. (i.e. religion, gender, ethnic, racial, class, sexual orientation, disability, age) (Course objectives 4 and 5). Js 136-03 Page 2 4. Recognize and appreciate constructive interactions between people from different cultural, racial, and ethnic groups within the U.S. (course learning (Objectives 5 and 6). STUDENT LEARNING OBJECTIVES (SLO) 1. Define and differentiate the abuse of power and the use of violence based upon gender, ethnicity, race, religion, class, sexual orientation, disability and age. 2 Identify how historical, social, psychological, economic and political Factors have influenced the recognition of and response to each type of abuse . 3. Review current knowledge about the consequences of violence and effects on victims from diverse backgrounds. 4. Develop self –awareness about their own prejudicial attitudes and behaviors that tolerate and promote abusive relationships. 5. Explore and evaluate ways that individuals from diverse backgrounds and communities can prevent and intervene in each type of abusive and violent relationship. 6. Critique the current justice system response and propose ways in which greater equality and justice can be achieved in each type of abusive relationship. This involves reviewing: a) Statutory law b) Role of Law Enforcement c) Criminal, family and dependency court proceedings d) Auxiliary services offered by child protective, victim’s advocate and family court agencies. Writing assignments will require students to demonstrate their understanding of the course learning objectives 1-6 (slo’s 1-6) as stated above. Other experiences that develop mastery of the objectives will include small group discussions, class presentations, court observations, analyzing case studies, reviewing films and class debates, and a research papers. Js 136-03 Page 3 Required Texts/Readings Required Alvarez & Bachman (2008). Violence , the Enduring Problem. Thousand Oaks, California. Sage Press. ISBN 978-1-4129-1685-1 Paperback Wallace, Harvey (2011). Family Violence, Legal, Medical, Social perspectives. 6th edition. Boston, Mass. Pearson Publishers. ISBN 13:978020567970-6. Paperback Both books are available at the bookstore, and online Library Liaison Nyle Monday 408-808-2041. Please contact Mr. Monday if you have trouble finding sources for your papers. Nyle.Monday@sjsu.edu. Classroom Protocol Please be prepared and punctual. Upload a picture of yourself to D2L and fill out at least one of the criteria under Profile .Email a picture of yourself to Dorian.Dreyfuss@sjsu.edu before the first day of class. It’s a good idea to print out the Powerpoint lectures before class which are contained in dropbox on D2L. If you anticipate being late or leaving early on a regular basis, please inform the instructor. If you leave during lecture, please do so by the rear exit. Active engagement in the lecture & classroom, and small group discussions is required. I call on all students on a random basis. I also expect students, at all times, to treat the instructor, and your fellow students with upmost respect. This means upholding our Honor Code, and respecting the privacy of fellow students. Electronic Devices: Please turn off all cell phones, and take off earphones. Texting will not be tolerated. Laptops may be used but recording devices are not permitted. Js 136-03 Page 4 PLEASE BE AWARE THAT THE COURSE MATERIAL COVERS SENSITIVE AND PROVACATIVE ISSUES. AS SUCH, IT IS NOT APPROPRIATE TO BRING CHILDREN TO CLASS. STUDENTS MAY ALSO HAVE PARTICULAR SENSITIVITIES TO THE CURRICULUM. PLEASE BRING IT TO MY ATTENTION OR TAKE ADVANTAGE OF THE UNIVERSITY COUNSELING CENTER IF IT INTERFERES WITH YOUR ABILITY TO BE SUCCESSFUL IN THE CLASS. Dropping and Adding Students are responsible for understanding the policies and procedures about add/drops, academic renewal, etc. Information on add/drops are available at http://www.sjsu.edu/advising/faq/index.htm#add. Information about late drop is available at http://www.sjsu.edu/aars/policies/latedrops/. Students should be aware of the current deadlines and penalties for adding and dropping classes. EVERY SEMESTER I HAVE STUDENTS WHO THINK THEY HAVE DROPPED THE CLASS BUT FAIL TO DO THE PAPERWORK; THEY APPEAR ON MY CLASS ROSTER AT THE END OF THE SEMESTER AND WILL BE GIVEN AN ‘F’. Assignments and Grading Policy Two written papers are required to complete the course.(G.E. Objectives 1-4). They will be a minimum of 7 pages, double spaced, 12 font, APA format. http://www.apastyle.org/manual/whats-new.aspx The first writing assignment will involve students selecting a book or movie from an approved list which concerns issues of child abuse, and Intimate Partner Violence. Students will respond to prompts in a specific format requested and incorporate at least 6 scholarly sources in their analysis. The reference page must be included along with the first page of the scholarly source which will include the abstract of the article. There is an example of this in dropbox. The textbooks and my notes may be sources but are not included in the requirement of 6 scholarly sources. Pages must be numbered and in order. There will be a 5 point deduction for failure to follow font and page numbering requirements. We will use turnitin.com, but be aware that the turnaround time may be 48 hours so waiting until the last day to do your paper will not allow time to submit and receive your originality report in time. Professionally written papers are obvious to instructors and although they pass turnitin, students may have to explain why written work has not been consistent throughout the semester. Cheating will result in an automatic F and referral to Dr. Correia. The Second paper will concern the same subject matter but examine either Prevention or Intervention. (G.E. Objections 1-4) The same criteria will be used for the second paper. Js 136-03 Page 5 Two Midterms and a final will consist of multiple choice, true /false and matching and fill-in questions. A review will be distributed for those exams and can be located in dropbox one week before the exam. IN-CLASS WRITING ASSIGNMENTS (2) ARE REQUIRED.THEY WILL BE LISTED IN THE SYLLABUS. IF YOU ARE ABSENT ON THAT DAY YOU MAY NOT MAKE UP THE ASSIGNMENT WITHOUT PROPER DOCUMENTATION. Small group discussions are integral to my teaching method, as such, class time will be set aside to discuss current events which may be accessed on line (NYTIMES.com), or from other reputable sources. I will alert students on D2L to articles which will be the subject of small group discussions. Please check regularly. EXTRA CREDIT There is no extra credit offered in this class READ CAREFULLY! Late papers will receive a 5 point deduction for each calendar day. Late days will be determined by submission dates on Turnitin.com. Students who miss in class writing assignments because of absence may not make up the work without documentation. Students who miss exams without proper documentation will not receive credit. Email is not an appropriate method to submit work without the instructor’s consent. Laptops may be checked out of the Instructional Resource Center, and students are responsible for having a working printer, or using the copy center. The Justice Studies Department has instituted new writing standards which require the following: 1. Conformity to APA standards for scholarly writing 2. Consistent use of grammatical constructions, punctuation, sequencing (paragraphing, referencing, hyphenation, spelling, headings, capitalizations, pages, abbreviations, margins; 3. Appropriate content, clarity, conciseness, and style; 4. Neat appearance. 5. 20% of each written assignment (papers) will be graded solely on writing. 6. Each written assignment must contain no more than 5 novel grammatical errors and/or 5 novel APA errors. 7. When a paper is submitted that does not meet department standards, it will be returned (ungraded) to the student for revision. The student will have 3 calendar days to revise and resubmit the paper. Js 136-03 Page 6 8. Any paper that is returned to the student for revisions will have an automatic 10% deduction in the total grade of the assignment. 9. Upon resubmission, if a paper still does not meet departmental standards, the student will be given a “0” for the written portion of the total paper grade and will be graded only for required content. Js 136-03 Page 7 Paper # 1 Current Controversy: Family Violence GE Objectives 1-4 The objective of this assignment is to present a case study using an approved book or movie to gain a deeper understanding of types of abuse, ways in which abuse is manifested, cultural and ethnic perspectives on abuse, risk factors, theoretical explanations, system intervention and possible rehabilitation and/or restorative justice. Generally students do very well on this assignment, so pick your book or film as soon as possible and if needed, use the instructor to help make your selection. Remember, the Justice Studies Department Writing Standards apply to this assignment! Books & Films Janet Fitch, White Oleander (1999) book or film ** Antoine Fisher, Finding Fish (2001) book or film** Mary Karr, Liars Club (1995) Dorothy Allison, Bastard Out of Carolina (1992) Pat Conroy, Prince of Tides (book or film)** (lengthy) Pat Conroy, The Great Santini Jeanette Wells, The Glass Castle (2006)*** Andrew Bridge, Hope’s Boy (2008) Kahlid Hosseini, A Thousand Splendid Sons (2007)** Abuse in Afghanistan Alan Duff, Once were Warriors Film domestic violence/CA/N among the Maori in New Zealand Ishmael Beal, A Long Way Home, Memoir of a Boy Soldier (2007) Jaycee Dugard, A Stolen Life, (2011) Students may suggest further titles for approval by the instructor. Requirements: 1. The paper should be 7-9 pages in length, 12 font, double spaced, APA format. Each prompt must be numbered and answered as a short essay. Do not run responses together or point delegation becomes impossible. All prompts must be answered. Failure to answer a prompt does not qualify for a rewrite. 2. All theories and concepts must be bolded. 3.Six scholarly sources must be included in your response , and cited in your bibliography according to APA guidelines. Sources may not come from non US Js 136-03 Page 8 Journals (exceptions may be made if relevant, but check with instructor) and be recent (last ten years).The abstract and the first page of the journal article must be appended to your paper. 4. Turnitin.com must be used. 5. A hardcopy of the paper must be presented to the instructor. PROMPTS 1. (5pts)Write a brief synopsis of the case or cases written about in your book or movie. This should be ½ to 1 page. Do not retell the story. Provide the essential facts which provide the framework for your discussion of abuse. 2. (5 pts) Identify the types of abuse experienced in your case. Identify the source of your definition. Some behavior may be borderline or unclear; make an argument to include the behavior in your definition. 3. (5 pts) Was the abuse in your case historically, culturally and legally recognized at the time at which it occurred? Where legal protocols in place? What social movements/laws/policy were in place in your time frame? 4. (5 pts) Discuss the risk factors that contributed to the abuse. This may include concepts of power, oppression, culture, ethnicity, and poverty. Do they help explain how the abuse was kept secret from the community and law enforcement? 5. (10 pts)Discuss theoretical explanations for abuse. Sociological and psychological theory should be assessed. Sociological and psychological theories will be outlined on a separate document in dropbox on D2L. 6. (5 pts) Describe the victim’s short and long term response to the abuse. This includes immediate harm and long term life altering changes such as PTSD. 7. (5 pts) How did the families’ social, economic, racial or ethnic background play a role in the abuse? Reflect on social biases that may exist. 8. (10 pts) What was the response of either law enforcement or social services to the abuse? What interventions could have been made, and were they feasible? (Was it realistic to break up the family? Were their placements for the children? Shelters for the women?) 9. (5 pts) Reflect on the experience of the victims. Did their lives turn out the way you expected? Did they receive adequate interventions? Find a journal article which addresses resiliency in abuse victims. 10.(10 pts) Clarity, presentation, grammar, editing, APA format, sources. Js 136-03 Page 9 Paper #2 Current Controversy: Justice System response to violence in the family and community. GE objective 1-4 1. Sexual assault on College Campuses. 2. Elder abuse 3. Stalking 6. Bullying-can be verbal/physical or cyber, within the context of secondary school or College. Must be approved by instructor. The objective of the second assignment is to choose one of the above listed topics and examine justice system and community intervention protocols. Students will gain a greater understanding of the complex dynamics and difficulties in controlling and protecting citizens. The length of the paper is the same as the first paper; 7-9 pages minimum,12 font, double spaced, 6 scholarly sources cited in APA format with the abstract and first page of the article appended to the paper. All concepts and theories must be bolded; all ideas not your own cited. Do not run your answers together; they should be answered as short essays, each one numbered. Do not miss any prompts or you will lose points. Your intervention analysis is clearly your own; if you think current policy and procedures are effective and acceptable, that’s fine. If you think changes are needed, that’s fine too— just support your thesis with cogent analysis. Students must submit a copy to turnitin.com and a hardcopy to me on the date due. Prompts: 1.(5 pts) Define the abuse and its penalty under California Law and Federal Law. 2.(5 pts) What is the history of the intervention? This does not have to be limited to California. 3.(15 pts) What are current policies, practice and/or interventions? 4.(5 pts) Is there a relationship between ethnicity, race or socioeconomic status and the intervention or policies and procedures? (differential practices, bias, racism?) 5.(5 pts) Make an argument that the intervention is effective using empirical data. (requires a scholarly source) 6.(5 pts) Make an argument that the intervention is not effective using empirical data. (requires a scholarly source) Js 136-03 Page 10 7.(5 pts) How are victims impacted by the current interventions? Treatment by the Justice system; do they have advocates? 8.(10 pts) What are the implications for the future? Is this form of violence increasing or decreasing such that dynamic changes in law and procedure may be required? This prompt requires a thoughtful response based on empirical data. 9.(10 pts) Presentation, grammar, strength of writing, analysis, editing, APA format. COURSE EVALUATION: Paper #1 Paper# 2 Mt.1 Mt.2 Final In class writing(2) 294-300 279-293 270-278 261-269 249-260 240-248 231-239 219-230 210-218 201-209 186-200 180-185 65 pts 65 pts 50 pts 50pts 50pts 20pts 300 pts total available A+ A AB+ B BC+ C CD+ D D- All assignment and test grades will be recorded on D2L. The following criteria will be used to grade subjective—either fill-in, short answer or essay questions: “A” (90% or better) Work is of an exceptionally high standard, showing distinction in original ideas and analysis, conciseness, grammar, and insight into substantive issues. All prompts are answered, formatting follows instructions, citations are appropriate. Critical thinking skills are excellent.APA style is followed. “B” (80 -89%) Work is clearly above average but lacks at least two of the elements of “A” work, superficial analysis and deficits of vagueness in concepts and critical thinking skills. Js 136-03 Page 11 “C” (70-79%) Work generally fulfills the requirements of the assignments but may be incomplete, Non APA style, and lacking in depth of analysis. Sources are omitted or not cited. “D” (60-69%) Work falls below both content and writing requirements. Major deficits in analysis and formatting; student should avail themselves of the Writing Center as soon as possible and on a regular basis. Consider getting an individual tutor if progress is not sustained at the Writing Center. “F” (below 60%) Major omissions in analysis, content, requirements and grammar. University Policies Academic integrity Students should know that the University’s Student Conduct Code, available at http://www.sjsu.edu/studentconduct/docs/Student_Coduct_Code.pdf.Your own commitment to learning, as evidenced by your enrollment at San Jose State University and the University’s integrity policy, require you to be honest in all your academic course work. Faculty members are required to report all infractions to the office of Student Conduct and Ethical Development found at http://www.sjsu.edu/studentconduct. Instances of academic dishonesty will not be tolerated. Cheating on exams or plagiarism (presenting the work of another as your own, or the use of another person’s ideas without giving proper credit) will result in a failing grade and sanctions by the University. For this class, all assignments are to be completed by the individual student unless otherwise specified. If you would like to include in your assignment any material you have submitted, or plan to submit for another class, please note that SJSU’s Academic Policy F06-1 requires approval of instructors. Campus Policy in Compliance with the American Disabilities Act If you need course adaptations or accommodations because of a disability, or if you need to make special arrangements in case the building must be evacuated, please make an appointment with me as soon as possible, or see me during office hours. Presidential Directive 97-03 requires that students with disabilities requesting accommodations must register with the DRC (Disability Resource Center) to establish a record of their disability. Student Technology Resources (Optional) Computer labs for student use are available in the Academic Success Center located on the 1st floor of Clark Hall and on the 2nd floor of the Student Union. Additional computer labs may be available in your department/college. Computers are also available in the Martin Luther King Library. Js 136-03 Page 12 A wide variety of audio-visual equipment is available for student checkout from Media Services located in IRC 112. These items include digital and VHS camcorders, VHS and Beta video players, 16 mm, slide, overhead, DVD, CD, and audiotape players, sound systems, wireless microphones, projection screens and monitors. Learning Assistance Resource Center (Optional) The Learning Assistance Resource Center (LARC) is located in Room 600 in the Student Services Center. It is designed to assist students in the development of their full academic potential and to motivate them to become self-directed learners. The center provides support services, such as skills assessment, individual or group tutorials, subject advising, learning assistance, summer academic preparation and basic skills development. The LARC website is located at http:/www.sjsu.edu/larc/. SJSU Writing Center (Optional) The SJSU Writing Center is located in Room 126 in Clark Hall. It is staffed by professional instructors and upper-division or graduate-level writing specialists from each of the seven SJSU colleges. Our writing specialists have met a rigorous GPA requirement, and they are well trained to assist all students at all levels within all disciplines to become better writers. The Writing Center website is located at http://www.sjsu.edu/writingcenter/about/staff//. Peer Mentor Center (Optional) The Peer Mentor Center is located on the 1st floor of Clark Hall in the Academic Success Center. The Peer Mentor Center is staffed with Peer Mentors who excel in helping students manage university life, tackling problems that range from academic challenges to interpersonal struggles. On the road to graduation, Peer Mentors are navigators, offering “roadside assistance” to peers who feel a bit lost or simply need help mapping out the locations of campus resources. Peer Mentor services are free and available on a drop –in basis, no reservation required. Website of Peer Mentor Center is located at http://www.sjsu.edu/muse/peermentor/ . CASA Student Success Center The Student Success Center in the College of Applied Sciences and Arts (CASA) provides advising for undergraduate students majoring or wanting to major in programs offered in CASA Departments and Schools. All CASA students and students who would like to be in CASA are invited to stop by the Center for general education advising, help with changing majors, academic policy Js 136-03 Page 13 related questions, meeting with peer advisors, and/or attending various regularly scheduled presentations and workshops. Looking for academic advice or maybe just some tips about how to navigate your way around SJSU? Check out the CASA Student Success Center! It’s also a great place to study, and you can check out laptops. Location: MacQuarrie Hall (MH) 533 - top floor of MacQuarrie Hall. Contact information: 408.924.2910. Website: http://www.sjsu.edu/casa/ssc/. JUSTICE STUDIES READING AND WRITING PHILOSOPHY The Department of Justice Studies is committed to scholarly excellence. Therefore, the Department promotes academic, critical, and creative engagement with language (i.e., reading and writing) throughout its curriculum. A sustained and intensive exploration of language prepares students to think critically and to act meaningfully in interrelated areas of their lives–personal, professional, economic, social, political, ethical, and cultural. Graduates of the Department of Justice Studies leave San José State University prepared to enter a range of careers and for advanced study in a variety of fields; they are prepared to more effectively identify and ameliorate injustice in their personal, professional and civic lives. Indeed, the impact of literacy is evident not only within the span of a specific course, semester, or academic program but also over the span of a lifetime. Js 136-03 Page 14 JS 136-2 / FAMILY, COMMUNITY VIOLENCE, FALL 2012, COURSE SCHEDULE The schedule is subject to change; please check D2L announcements regularly and your email. Table 1 Course Schedule Week 1 Date Topics, Readings, Assignments, Deadlines Tu.Sept.22&24 Introduction, class mechanics, roll. Introduction of book choices for Paper #1. Begin Historical Perspectives on Family Violence: Overview of International Aspects of Family Violence; Social Constructions of Family Violence. Download syllabus from D2L, upload your picture to D2L, send picture to instructor at Dorian.Dreyfuss@sjsu.edu. . Begin Text reading: Wallace Cp. 1; Alvarez Cp. 2 Students must read and sign last page of syllabus and return to instructor Aug.29th. 2 Tu.Th Aug. 28 & 30 Continue Historical Perspectives on Family Violence; Overview of International Aspects of Family Violence, social constructions. Check D2L dropbox and read National Geographic Article. Text: Alvarez Cp. 2. Discuss book choices for Paper #1 3 Tu.Th Sept. 4& 6 Child Abuse & Neglect, history, law, evolving definitions, Video on FAS and DV and the developing Brain. In Class Writing Assignment. No Makeups if you are absent. Book/Film choices due. Text: Wallace Cp. 2-4; check Dropbox for additional reading. 4 Tu.Th Sept.11 & 13 Continue CA/N, sexual abuse, sibling abuse, evolving statutory law. Begin Law Enforcement & Court Procedures Text: Wallace Cp. 5 & 8 Js 136-03 Page 15 5 Tu.Th Sept. 18 & 20 Student Observation of Dependency Court Sept. 18th Small Group Discussions of Paper # 1, Begin Intimate Partner Violence. Download case from D2L discussion of application of facts to case, feedback from group & instructor. 6 Tu.& Th. Sept.25 & 27 Intimate Family/Partner Violence, social constructions, theory, laws, policies. Text: Wallace Cp. 9; Alvarez Cp. 5 7 Tu.&Th. Oct. 2 & 4 Intimate Family/Partner Violence continued. Discussion of Battered Woman/Man Syndrome. REFERENCE PAGE AND FIRST PAGE OF JOURNAL ARTICLE DUE. INSTRUCTOR WILL DISCUSS REFERENCES WITH EACH STUDENT. 8 Tu&.Th. Oct.9 & 11 Review for Midterm; MIDTERM OCT 11, bring scantron, pencil and do not be late! 9 Tu. & Th. Oct. 16 & 18 Finish Interventions for IPA, Begin Elder Abuse Text Readings: Wallace, Cp.7,10, 11,12; Alvarez Pg. 149-151 PAPERS DUE OCT 23 10 Tu. & Th. Oct. 23 & 25 Discussion of Paper #2; Complete Interventions, elder abuse. Guest Speaker (if available) 11 Tu. & Th. Oct. 30/Nov 1 Stalking, Sexual Assault, Child Exploitation Text Wallace Cp.8, 11-14; Alvarez Cp. 7 12 Tu. & Th. Nov. 6&8 Finish Sexual Assault; Child Exploitation In Class Writing Assignment 13 Tu. & Th. Nov. 13 & 15 Review for Midterm, NOV. 15 MIDTERM #2; BRING SCANTRON, PENCIL. . 14 Tu. Nov.20 Hate Crimes, prejudice/racism, genocide Text Alvarez Cp.pg. 176-180, 15 Tu. & Th. Nov.27 & 29 Continue above & begin Prevention Strategies Text: Alvarez Cp. 11, see dropbox for readings Tu. & Th. Dec. 4&6 PAPERS DUE NOV.29 & Finish Prevention Strategies Make up Midterm Day for those with approval from Js 136-03 Page 16 Instructor. Final Exam Js 136-03 Thursday December 13 Final Exam 2:45-5:00 EXAMS WILL ONLY BE HANDED OUT THE FIRST 15 MINUTES, DO NOT BE LATE!!! Page 17