DLR-DIAL Observations Instrument PI: Gerhard Ehret Instrument operation: Gorazd Poberaj, Andreas Fix, Martin Wirth Data processing: Christoph Kiemle and Harald Flentje Dropsonde operation: Reinhold Busen Institute for Atmospheric Physics, DLR Oberpfaffenhofen,Germany Falcon operation PI: Heinz Finkenzeller Falcon in-situ data: Andreas Giez, Martin Zöger Flight facility, DLR Oberpfaffenhofen,Germany Co-operation: IHOP Workshop, Boulder, CO, 24-26 March, 2003 Mike Hardesty, NOAA ETL, Ken Davis, PSU, V. Wulfmeyer, Uni Hohenheim Topics • Research objectives • Falcon instrumentation • DLR H2O-DIAL • DIAL data from BL and CI missions • Preliminary statistical analysis of BL data • Data overview • Conclusion and next steps IHOP Workshop, Boulder, CO, 24-26 March, 2003 Research Objectives • detailed structure of BL water vapour budgets and depth as well as its evolution • moisture pooling (moist plume structures) along mesoscale boundaries and convective initiation • answer the question: can remote sensing instrumentation on aircraft platforms provide flux divergence? IHOP Workshop, Boulder, CO, 24-26 March, 2003 Falcon Instrumentation • DLR H2O-DIAL Novelty: Co-located Doppler wind Lidar and H2O-DIAL on the Falcon - 2-d H2O cross section - 2-d aerosol cross section - 2-d depolarisation wind,TAS T,p,q • NOAA HRDL DIAL Dropsondes HRDL - 2-d vertical wind - horizontal wind information - 2-d aerosol cross section • Dropsondes - p,T,q, wind • In-situ - p,T,q, wind IHOP Workshop, Boulder, CO, 24-26 March, 2003 Overall length 17.2 m Wingspan 16.3 m M aximum takeoff w eight (M TOW) 13.2 t Engines M aximum Altitude M aximum Range M aximum Endurance M aximum Payload (w ith max fuel) M aximum Speed (TAS) Falcon flight performance Garret TFE 731-5BR-2C 45000 ft (13.7km) 3700 km (2000 nm) 5:30 h 1.1 t 917 km/ h (0.865 M ach) DLR's H2O-DIAL on the Falcon Selected parameter for IHOP Measurement quantity Wavelength (nm) Repetition (Hz) Energy (mJ) Availability H2O mixing ratio 925 (on/off-line) 50 (on/off) 18 yes 925 (off-line) 50 18 yes 1064* 100 50 yes 532* 100 40 no Aerosol backscatter * detection of s- and p-polarized backscatter DLR H2O-DIAL with nadir viewing telescope aboard the Falcon Performance (H2O) boundary layer: z = 250m, x = 250m, range: full depth of PBL, rms ~ 5% free troposphere: z = 300m, x = 300m, range: 5 km, rms ~ 5% bias ~ 5% IHOP Workshop, Boulder, CO, 24-26 March, 2003 H2O-DIAL Validation in Troposphere H2O mixing ratio [ppmv] ppmv 6 10 Altitude [km] H2O_DIAL validation during MAP 1999 60 600 9 8 Dropsonde release 7 6 5 0 50 100 150 200 200 250 300 Distance [km] Altitude Altitude [km] [km] Poberaj G., Fix A., Assion A., Wirth M., Kiemle C., and Ehret G.: All-Solid-State Airborne DIAL for Water Vapour Measurements in the Tropopause Region: System Description and Assessment of Accuracy Appl. Phys. B 75, 165-172, 2002 11 11 10 10 99 88 77 Dropsonde DIAL DIA DIAL L (13:44:54 UTC, 11.99E, 46.98N) 66 77 66 55 55 0 0 20 60 80 100 20 40 ratio 60[ppmv] 80 100 H O mixing 2 IHOP Workshop, Boulder, CO, 24-26 March, 2003 40 Dropsonde 11 11 10 10 99 88 Dropsonde Dropsonde (13:01:39 UTC, 12.25E, 46.71N) DIA L DIAL 0 0 50 100 150 200 250 H2O mixing ratio [ppmv] H2O mixing ratio [ppmv] 100 200 300 300 H2O DIAL Validation in the low troposphere during IHOP 5 H2O DIAL Dropsonde Altitude [km] 4 June 9, 2002, 12:51 UT 3 100.21W, 36.56N 2 Altitude [km] 5 H2O DIAL Dropsonde June 9, 2002, 13:17 UT 4 3 102.71W, 36.55N 2 1 6 8 10 12 H2O Mixing Ratio [g/kg] IHOP Workshop, Boulder, CO, 24-26 March, 2003 14 1 2 4 6 8 10 12 H2O Mixing Ratio [g/kg] 14 BLH, 17 May (39.5,100.3°) Homestead (36.5°,100.6°) OKC (39.5,100.3°) Homestead north-south direction from (39.5°,100.3°) to homestead: homogeneous moisture distribution, thermals clearly visible in moisture and aerosol cross sections west-east direction from homestead to OKC: strongly decreasing PBL depth while increasing moisture content IHOP Workshop, Boulder, CO, 24-26 March, 2003 Homestead OKC BLH, 21 May (37.4°,97.5°) homestead (36.8°,97.5°) (35.4°,99.7°) homestead South west area (35.4°,99.7°)-homestead: strongly structured BL top, thermals clearly visible in WV cross section, near homestead moist layer above BL top North east area (37.4°,97.5°) - (36.8°,97.5°): smooth PBL top, no turbulence elements visible, very thin and dry layer close above PBL top IHOP Workshop, Boulder, CO, 24-26 March, 2003 Spatial resolution example (BLH, 06 June) (37°,102°) Data smoothing: x = 70m (0.5s) z = 100m - 300m rms (H2O) = 7% BL turbulence structure very well resolved in both cross sections IHOP Workshop, Boulder, CO, 24-26 March, 2003 (37°,101°) Preliminary Spectral Analysis autocovariance of horizontal water vapor series at 1820m asl. energy spectra of horizontal water vapor series at 2450m asl. 0.1 energy spectra of horizontal water vapor series at 1820m asl. (g/kg) 0.1 2 (g/kg) 2 ~5/3 H2O spectrum at 2.5 km (g/kg) 2 H2O spectrum at 1.8 km 0.01 Autocovariance of H2O time series 0.6 Instrumental noise 0.4 0.01 0.2 0.001 0.001 0.0 0.0001 0.0001 10000 wavelength [m] 1000 10000 wavelength [m] 1000 -0.2 -2000 -1000 0 1000 lag [m] 2000 3000 4000 H2O-Variance profile km asl. 3.0 2.5 2.0 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 water vapor variance profile (g/kg) 2 uncorr. stat. err. variance (dashed) IHOP Workshop, Boulder, CO, 24-26 March, 2003 CI-Mission, 24 Mai 2002 IHOP 05/24: Falcon flight route F1 F2 35.4 F3 F4 F5 F6 7 0 Latitude [deg] 35.3 1,2,3 W1 35.2 IP1 F7 leg0 leg1 leg2 leg3 leg4 leg5 leg6 leg7 E1 35.1 6 4,5 35.0 W2 IP2 E2 34.9 -102 -101 -100 -99 -98 Longitude [deg] IHOP Workshop, Boulder, CO, 24-26 March, 2003 WV cross section along broken cloud field Sharp horizontal and vertical WV gradient across dry line CI-Mission, 15 June A4 B1IHOPB206/15: B3Falcon flight route B4 B5 B6 Latitude [deg] 3,4,5,6 C1 37.0 C2 C3 D1 36.5 D2 D3 C4 2 leg1 leg2 C6 leg3 leg4 leg5 leg6 D6 leg7 C5 D4 D5 W-29 E-29 7 B7 C7 Lifting BL, convection initiation 1 F2 F3 -102 -101 F4 -100 F5 W1 Longitude IP1[deg] W2 IP2 -99 F6 E1 E2 IHOP Workshop, Boulder, CO, 24-26 March, 2003 Moist plume D7 36.0 F1 B8 F7 Water Vapor DIAL Data Overview From a total of 21 flights (75h), 52 hours of lidar data were collected: • BL heterogeneity: • BL evolution: • Convective Initiation: • Low-level-jet: 11 flights for a total of 26 h 4 min. 2 flights for a total of 3 h 29 min. 4 flights for a total of 12 h 31 min. 4 flights for a total of 7 h 39 min. Quality of H2O-Data 9 flights are of high quality • • • • BL heterogeneity: BL evolution: Convective Initiation: Low-level-jet: and 4 flights of moderate quality: 17, 21, 28 and 29 May 14 June 24 May, 2 and 15 June 9 June 20 and 25 May 14 June (2nd flight) 3 June (1st flight) All lidar data are of high quality with respect to aerosol backscatter Conclusion • large set of water vapor and aerosol data acquired during IHOP • the measured data contains detailed information on BL water vapor budget, depth, heterogeneity, evolution as well as convective initiation • the very high temporal resolution (0.5-2s) of the H2O-cross section is one of the most remarkable characteristics of the DIAL measurements • H2O-DIAL fulfils the measurement requirements for flux divergence determination from airborne platform • DIAL profiles show very good agreement to dropsonde data IHOP Workshop, Boulder, CO, 24-26 March, 2003 Next steps • completion of data processing • data intercomparison to other sensors in the field • determination of entrainment flux as well as flux divergence Current collaborations: • Flux divergence, M. Hardesty, NOAA, ETL • Sensor intercomparison V. Wulfmeyer, University of Hohenheim • ABL statistics, Ken Davis, Penn State • Bore analysis LLJ, Steve Koch, NOAA, FSL IHOP Workshop, Boulder, CO, 24-26 March, 2003