KENNESAW STATE UNIVERSITY GRADUATE COURSE PROPOSAL OR REVISION, Cover Sheet (10/02/2002) Course Number/Program Name EXC 7760 TESOL Department Special Education Degree Title (if applicable) MAT in Inclusive Education TESOL Proposed Effective Date June 2006 Check one or more of the following and complete the appropriate sections: X X X X Sections to be Completed II, III, IV, V, VII I, II, III I, II, III I, II, III I, II, III I, II, III New Course Proposal Course Title Change Course Number Change Course Credit Change Course Prerequisite Change Course Description Change Notes: If proposed changes to an existing course are substantial (credit hours, title, and description), a new course with a new number should be proposed. A new Course Proposal (Sections II, III, IV, V, VII) is required for each new course proposed as part of a new program. Current catalog information (Section I) is required for each existing course incorporated into the program. Minor changes to a course can use the simplified E-Z Course Change Form. Submitted by: Faculty Member Approved _____ Date Not Approved Department Curriculum Committee Date Approved Approved Approved Approved Approved Approved Not Approved Department Chair Date School Curriculum Committee Date School Dean Date GPCC Chair Date Dean, Graduate Studies Date Not Approved Not Approved Not Approved Not Approved Not Approved Vice President for Academic Affairs Date Approved Not Approved President 1 Date KENNESAW STATE UNIVERSITY GRADUATE COURSE/CONCENTRATION/PROGRAM CHANGE I. Current Information (Fill in for changes) Page Number in Current Catalog 116 Course Prefix and Number EXC 7760 Course Title Teaching and Learning I Credit Hours Prerequisites Description (or Current Degree Requirements) Teaching and Learning I prepares teachers to develop curriculum and instruction that is universal in design and based upon best practices research in general education. Particular attention is given to research-based models of teaching and learning including cooperative learning, inductive reasoning, concept attainment, jurisprudential inquiry, information processing, etc. Universally designed instruction is flexible such that the materials and activities allow different learning goals to be achieved by individuals with a wider range of abilities (and disabilities). This curriculum model provides build-in adaptations to the lesson that reduce the amount of time needed to create individual accommodations and modifications for students with disabilities. The “Big Ideas” addressed in this course include Universal Design, Interdisciplinary Thematic Units, MultiLevel Instruction and Multiple Intelligence Theory. Additional attention will be paid to the Georgia Learning Connections website as well as the alignment of IEP objectives with the Quality Core Curriculum (QCC). II. Proposed Information (Fill in for changes and new courses) Course Prefix and Number __EDUC 7760______________________ Course Title _Curriculum Development for Diverse Learners__ Credit Hours Prerequisites Admission to M.Ed. program Description (or Proposed Degree Requirements) Curriculum Development for Diverse Learners prepares teachers to develop curriculum and instruction that is universal in design and based on best practices research in general education, Teaching Speakers of Other Languages, and special education. The proposed curriculum model follows the precepts of universal design and provides build-in adaptations to the lesson that reduce the amount of time needed to create individual accommodations and modifications for students with disabilities and those who are linguistically and culturally diverse. The “Big Ideas” addressed in this course include Curriculum Mapping, Backwards Design, SIOP, Universal Design and Interdisciplinary Unit Development. Additional attention will be paid to the Georgia Performance Standards as they continue to unfold from the Georgia Department of Education. III. Justification The Department of Special Education at Kennesaw State University has historically offered a program in Collaborative Practices, with endorsement in ESOL. The proposed changes in this course are necessary to bring the existing endorsement program into alignment with national TESOL standards. Many of the research-based practices for students with disabilities are also efficacious for students who are culturally and linguistically diverse. This effort will pave the way for classroom teachers in Georgia to educate all students within the Georgia Performance 2 Standards, including those who have disabilities and those who are culturally and linguistically diverse. This course prepares professional learning facilitators for diverse students, including those with a full range of disability and those who are culturally and linguistically diverse. The competencies in this course are derived from the requirements for teachers of constituent groups by the Professional Standards Commission (the licensure body of Georgia). The course has been tailored to the national standards of Teachers of English Speakers of Other Languages and the Council for Exceptional Children. IV. Additional Information (for New Courses only) Instructor: Text: Prerequisites: Objectives: Instructional Method Method of Evaluation - V. Resources and Funding Required (New Courses only) Resource Amount Faculty Other Personnel Equipment Supplies Travel New Books New Journals Other (Specify) TOTAL Funding Required Beyond Normal Departmental Growth 3 VI. COURSE MASTER FORM This form will be completed by the requesting department and will be sent to the Office of the Registrar once the course has been approved by the Office of the President. The form is required for all new courses. DISCIPLINE COURSE NUMBER COURSE TITLE FOR LABEL (Note: Limit 16 spaces) CLASS-LAB-CREDIT HOURS Approval, Effective Term Grades Allowed (Regular or S/U) If course used to satisfy CPC, what areas? Learning Support Programs courses which are required as prerequisites Special Education/TESOL EDUC 7760 Curriculum Development 3 June, 2006 Regular APPROVED: ________________________________________________ Vice President for Academic Affairs or Designee __ VII Attach Syllabus 4 I. Curriculum Development for Diverse Learners EDUC 7760 Department of Special Education Kennesaw State University Fall, 2007 II. Instructor: III. Class Sessions: IV. Required texts: Cole, W. E. (ed.). (1995). Educating Everybody’s Children: Diverse Teaching Strategies For Diverse Learners. Alexandria, Virginia: Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development. Jacobs, H. H. (1997). Mapping the Big Picture. Alexandria, Virginia: Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development. Wiggins, G. & Tighe, J. (2005). Understanding by Design II. Alexandria, VA: Association for Curriculum & Development. V. Catalog Description: Curriculum Development for Diverse Learners prepares teachers to develop curriculum and instruction that is universal in design and based on best practices research in general education, Teaching Speakers of Other Languages, and special education. The proposed curriculum model follows the precepts of universal design and provides build-in adaptations to the lesson that reduce the amount of time needed to create individual accommodations and modifications for students with disabilities and those who are English Language Learners. The “Big Ideas” addressed in this course include Curriculum Mapping, Backwards Design, SIOP, Universal Design and Interdisciplinary Unit Development. Additional attention will be paid to the Georgia Performance Standards as they continue to unfold from the Georgia Department of Education. VI. Purpose/Rationale: The purpose of this course is to prepare professional learning facilitators for diverse students, including those with a full range of disability and those who are culturally and linguistically diverse. The competencies in this course are derived from the requirements for 5 teachers of constituent groups by the Professional Standards Commission (the licensure body of Georgia). The course has been tailored to the national standards of Teachers of English Speakers of Other Languages and the Council for Exceptional Children. VII. Conceptual Framework Summary & Related Standards & Requirements “The Collaborative Development of Expertise in Teaching and Learning” is the basis for all of Kennesaw State University’s teacher education programs. Working from a solid content background, the teacher as facilitator demonstrates proficient and flexible use of different ways of teaching to actively engage students in learning. Teachers as facilitators are well versed in the characteristics of students of different ages, abilities and cultural backgrounds. They are skilled in integrating technology into instruction and create an environment in which students can be successful and want to learn. Teachers as facilitators know when and how to assess learning by means of various forms of traditional and authentic assessments. They are well prepared for successful careers in teaching and are expected to act in a professional manner in all circumstances with colleagues, parents, community members and their own students. As a professional educator, the teacher facilitator values collaboration and seeks opportunities to work with other professionals and community members to improve the educational experiences for children and youth. This course contributes to the candidates’ understanding of their developing role as a professional facilitator by supporting their educational growth as they learn to effectively teach students. Technology Standards for Educators are required by the PSC Telecommunication and information technologies will be integrated throughout the master teacher preparation program, and all candidates must be able to use technology to improve student learning and meet Georgia Technology Standards for Educators. During the courses, candidates will be provided with opportunities to explore and use instructional media, especially microcomputers, to assist teaching. They will master use of productivity tools, such as multimedia facilities, local-net and Internet, and feel confident to design multimedia instructional materials, create WWW resources, and develop an electronic learning portfolio. Candidates in this course will be expected to apply the use of educational technology in classrooms for students in their classrooms. Specifically, candidates will use spreadsheet software to develop graphs, charts, and tables, word processing to write papers, and e-mail to communicate with the instructors and their peers. Candidates in this course will be expected to understand the use of educational technology in support of curriculum design and instructional planning. Technology emphasis will include word processing, spreadsheet, computer databases (library access programs, Galileo, internet and email), and technological presentations (PowerPoint). Websites: www.doe.k12.ga.us http://www.glc.k12.ga.us www.nichy.org Diversity Standards A variety of materials and instructional strategies will be employed to meet the needs of the different learning styles of diverse learners in class. Candidates will gain knowledge as well as an understanding of differentiated strategies and curricula for providing effective instruction and 6 assessment within multicultural classrooms. One element of course work is raising candidate awareness of critical multicultural issues. A second element is to cause candidates to explore how multiple attributes of multicultural populations influence decisions in employing specific methods and materials for every student. Among these attributes are age, disability, ethnicity, family structure, gender, geographic region, giftedness, language, race, religion, sexual orientation, and socioeconomic status. An emphasis on cognitive style differences provides a background for the consideration of cultural context. Kennesaw State University provides program accessibility and accommodations for persons defined as disabled under Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 or the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990. A number of services are available to support students with disabilities within their academic program. In order to make arrangements for special services, students must visit the Office of Disabled Student Support Services (ext. 6443) and develop an individual assistance plan. In some cases, certification of disability is required. Please be aware there are other support/mentor groups on the campus of Kennesaw State University that address each of the multicultural variables outlined above. Professional Portfolio Requirements A required element in each portfolio for the Graduate Program is the portfolio narrative. The purpose of the portfolio narrative is to ensure that every candidate reflects on each of the proficiencies on the CPI with regard to what evidence the candidate has selected for his/her portfolio. In your portfolio, you need to include a narrative, which includes descriptive, analytic and reflective writing in which you reflect on each of the proficiencies and how you make the case that the evidence you have selected in your portfolio supports a particular proficiency, using the Portfolio Narrative Rubric as a guide. The narrative should be comprehensive, documenting research-based best practices. In this class you will do projects that have been specifically designed to assist you in portfolio development. For example, you will begin to develop a statement of your personal philosophy and ideology of curriculum and instruction and how it impacts your daily practice. This statement is a required element for graduation from the Bagwell College of Education. Therefore, attend carefully to the assignments in this course and how they will assist you in meeting future college requirements. Extensions. Candidates should keep ongoing documentation of ways in which they extended their learning and skills from this and other courses. For this course, this could include extending your skills in curriculum mapping beyond this course to other content and/or grade level areas, particularly as the new Georgia Performance Standards roll out over the next two years. Impact on Student Learning Analysis It is our assumption that you are already assessing the influence of your instruction on your students’ learning and that you are considering what factors, such as student diversity, might affect your students’ achievement. For this assignment, you will select a lesson, activity, unit, or skill that you plan to teach this semester and analyze its impact on your students’ learning. Then, you will reflect on the impact on your students’ learning on that particular lesson, activity, unit, or skill using the “Impact on Student Learning Analysis” Rubric as a guide. (See Directions for 7 “Impact on Student Learning Analysis” that accompanies the Rubric for greater detail.) In this class, you will provide evidence of making connections across curricular areas and designing instruction to meet the multi-cultural needs of students, both of which are measured on the BCOE rubric described above. Please note that this assignment may also be included in your final portfolio. Graduate Field Experience Requirements While completing your graduate program at Kennesaw State University, you are required to be involved in a variety of leadership and school-based activities directed at the improvement of teaching and learning. Appropriate activities may include, but are not limited to, attending and presenting at professional conferences, actively serving on or chairing school-based committees, attending PTA/school board meetings, leading or presenting professional development activities at the school or district level, and participating in education-related community events. As you continue your educational experiences, you are encouraged to explore every opportunity to learn by doing. VII. Goals and objectives: The KSU teacher preparation faculty is strongly committed to the concept of teacher preparation as a developmental and collaborative process. Research for the past 25 years has described this process in increasingly complex terms. Universities and schools must work together to successfully prepare teachers who are capable of developing successful learners in today’s schools and who choose to continue their professional development. Candidates in this course are expected to perform at the Advanced or Teacher Leader level of performance. For the purposes of this syllabus, course goals and objectives are first delineated according to development of candidate knowledge, skills & dispositions and then cross-referenced to the national professional standards of the Council for Exceptional Children and Teachers of Speakers of Other Languages. Within the knowledge domain: 1. Define the basic constructs of teaching and learning including cooperative learning, direct instruction, SIOP, differentiated instruction, performance assessment, universal design, inclusion, accommodation and modification, curriculum mapping and backwards design. TESOL 1.b.3, 1.b.5, 1.b.7, 3.b.2&3, 4.a.1- 3, 4.b.4 Within the skills domain: 2. Develop a curriculum map for reading and math that addresses the state performance standards for a diverse group of students. TESOL 1.b.6, 2.a.1&2, 3.a.1&2, 3.c.1-4, 4.b.4 3. Assure that the curriculum map incorporates a performance assessment plan to monitor the progress of all students as they learn the state-approved curriculum; TESOL 1.b.10, 3.b.2, 4.a.1- 3, 4.b.4 4. Develop instruction that is differentiated for all; TESOL 1.b.2, 1.b.9, 1.b.12&13, 3.c.1-4 8 5. Develop a one-week integrated unit plan that meets the needs of students with a full range of ability and disability as well as those who are English Language Learners; TESOL 1.a.6, 3.b.3, 3.c.1- 5 Within the disposition domain: 6. Demonstrate collaborative skills in developing curriculum maps and unit plans; TESOL 1.b.6, 2.b.1 7. Demonstrate the ability to analyze instruction and think reflectively about their daily practice as it relates to the CPI; and TESOL 2.a.3, 3.b1 8. Demonstrate on-going commitment to professional development. TESOL 2.b.1, 3.c.4 9 VIII. Course requirements/assignments: Class Activities Points Course Objectives CPI* Curriculum Map 200 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 1.1, 1.2, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 3.1 Integrated Thematic Unit, including Curriculum Modification/Accommodation 100 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 1.1, 1.2, 2.1, 2.2, 2,2, 3.1 Proficiency Exam I & II 100 1, 2, 3 Class Participation 100 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 Site Observation p/f 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 1.1 3.1, 3.2 *NCATE: All course objectives meet Standard I because they address the KSD’s and Standard IV of diversity. 1. Curriculum Map: As the Georgia Department of Education continues to roll out of the Georgia Performance Standards (GPS), all schools are required to transition for framing instruction around the QCC’s to framing it around the GPS. Candidates in EDUC 7760 are expected to analyze those standards, compare them to the QCC’s currently taught in their general and ESOL classes at their grade level and begin to map their implementation in their school. This activity will be on-going through out the semester and will result in a schedule for teaching the standards across, as well as recommendations for accommodations, modifications and performance assessments. Candidates are expected to do one month-long map for math and one for reading. (Pts. 200) 2. Proficiency Exams: Two on-line assessments will administered to provide candidates with the opportunity to demonstrate that they meet the proficiencies under Subject Matter Expert on the CPI. Each assessment is worth 50 points or 100 total. 3. Integrated Unit Plan: As a final project, candidates develop a one-week unit, using pyramid planning. The unit must address the educational needs of students with a full range of ability and disability as well as those students who are English Language Learners. Candidates are required to address GPS objectives across four disciplines (Math, Language Arts, Social Studies, & Science), special areas (music & art), and three embedded skills (social, functional, leadership or career skills). Note: This does not mean that each lesson 10 will address all disciplines; rather it means that over the course of the week, instruction will be integrated in a meaningful way. Candidates are free to develop a unit that they currently use or one available through the Georgia Learning Connection. (100 pts.) The plan must include: o Big Idea and essential questions o Grade level; o Content areas addressed; o Description of the class context, including five students who need additional support (one high flyer, one with mild disability, one with moderate disability, one with mild language needs, one with significant language needs); o Five pyramid lesson plans specifying: 1. relevant GPS (on or off grade level); 2. IEP objectives and English proficiency goals; 3. description of differentiated strategies; 4. examples of one (1) accommodation and (2) modifications to support students with IEPs; 5. examples of (1) accommodation for students who are English Language Learners; 6. example of extension or compacting for high flyer; 7. materials (books, tapes, videos, etc.); and 8. performance assessment tools - to include examples of embedded assessments for students who need additional support. 5. Class Participation: Candidates are expected to attend all class sessions and be active participants in the learning process. Class participation includes both completion of homework and in-class activities (e.g. discussions, role-playing and cooperative learning, etc.). Candidates have many experiences and skills, which they can share to facilitate everyone's learning. Evaluation will include communication and collaboration skills demonstrated during class. Projects will be designed so that all candidates are accountable to themselves and each other. Candidates will complete peer-rating skills for participation in cooperative group activities and projects. Homework will be submitted the first ten minutes of class and cannot be given to the instructors after that time…so don’t be late for class! (100 points) 6. Classroom Observation: Dr. Dirst (or Ms. Fredrick) will observe you once over the course of the semester and will evaluate your instructional implementation of the practices taught in EDUC 7760. Dr. Dirst will give you feedback on your teaching skills as they develop throughout your coursework at KSU and will assist you in developing your assignments for this course. Once the observation is complete, you will be given a brief summary of her observation. Her summaries will be sent to the class instructor and you will then be given points for the site visit. Save your feedback as evidence of meeting proficiencies! (50 points) IX. Evaluation & Grading Any assignment turned in early will earn 15% extra credit. Any report containing confidential information will not be graded. 11 General Guidelines and Standards for Written Assignments 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. All individual assignments must be typed, single spaced, with 1” margins on both sides so we can provide you with feedback. Be sure to maintain confidentiality of student, settings, and teachers. All identifying names and information should be omitted from your written work and discussions. Late assignments are unacceptable without making prior arrangements with us. We will be looking for quality writing not quantity. Eliminate jargon and hyperbole and focus on clearly stating your point. Examine the language you use within your assignments. Please remember to remove the focus on a person’s behavior or disability by stating the person first, i.e., “a person with a disability” is preferable to “a disabled person.” Be careful to avoid judgmental statements and focus on the facts when writing about students. As teachers we need to put our own biases and opinions aside and view each student as a capable and valuable human being. Grades will be assigned as follows: A = 90% or higher (450-500) B = 80% - 89% (449 - 400) C = 70% - 79% (349- 300) F = 69% or below (below 300) A. Academic integrity Every KSU student is responsible for upholding the provisions of the Student Code of Conduct, as published in the Undergraduate and Graduate Catalogs. Section II of the Student Code of Conduct addresses the University's policy on academic honesty, including provisions regarding plagiarism and cheating, unauthorized access to University materials, misrepresentation/falsification of University records or academic work, malicious removal, retention, or destruction of library materials, malicious/intentional misuse of computer facilities and/or services, and misuse of student identification cards. Incidents of alleged academic misconduct will be handled through the established procedures of the University Judiciary Program, which includes either an "informal" resolution by a faculty member, resulting in a grade adjustment, or a formal hearing procedure, which may subject a student to the Code of Conduct's minimum one semester suspension requirement. Pages 142-143 of the KSU Graduate catalog (2004-2005) states: KSU expects that graduate students will pursue their academic programs in an ethical, professional manner. Any work that students present in fulfillment of program or course requirements should represent their own efforts, achieved without giving or receiving any unauthorized assistance. Any student who is found to have violated these expectations will be subject to disciplinary action. Incidents of alleged academic misconduct will be handled through the established procedures of the University Judiciary Program, which includes either an "informal" resolution by a faculty 12 member, resulting in a grade adjustment, or a formal hearing procedure, which may subject a student to the Code of Conduct's minimum one semester suspension requirement. The student is reminded to consult pp.142-143 of the 2004-2005 KSU Graduate Catalog for the University's policy. Any strategy, which has the appearance of improving grades without increasing knowledge, will be dealt with in accordance with the University's policy on academic honesty. In addition, students in the graduate program in special education are held accountable by the Georgia Professional Code of Ethics for Educators (http://www.doe.k12.ga.us/informationresources/ethics.html) and the Council for Exceptional Children's (CEC) Code of Ethics for Educators of Persons with Exceptionalities (http://www.cec.sped.org/ps/code.htm#1). Disruptive Behavior: The University has a stringent policy and procedure for dealing with behavior that disrupts the learning environment. Consistent with the belief that your behavior can interrupt the learning of others, behavior that fits the University's definition of disruptive behavior will not be tolerated. (See Campus Policies and Procedures pp.146-147 of the 2004- 2005 KSU Graduate Catalog). Human Dignity: The University has formulated a policy on human rights that is intended to provide a learning environment, which recognizes individual worth. That policy is found on p.152 in the 2004-2005 KSU Graduate Catalog. It is expected, in this class, that no Professional should need reminding, but the policy is there for your consideration. The activities of this class will be conducted in both the spirit and the letter of that policy – expecting that students will adhere to the highest professional standards in the ways they conduct themselves. ATTENDANCE POLICY Students are expected to attend all class sessions and be active participants and in the learning process. Active Participation requires that candidates come to class prepared and participate in class discussions and activities by sharing his/her ideas within both large and small groups, as well as respectfully listening to the ideas of others. This class includes presentations by professionals from other disciplines and class attendance is essential for participation in development of a multi-disciplinary perspective. Class activities will include discussion, roleplaying and group collaborative activities requiring the participation of all students. Students have many experiences and skills, which they can share to facilitate everyone's learning. It is also expected that you will read the syllabus to determine what assignments are due and when. Questions will be answered in class regarding assignments, but it is the candidate’s responsibility to be sure (s) he has the information necessary to complete required assignments. Evaluation will include attendance, communication and collaboration skills demonstrated during class. Each absence will result in a four point reduction on your grade and more than three absences will lead to a letter grade drop. XI. Course outline 13 In-class activities Date Topic - Overview of the Course - Ppt. Discussion (Dr. Brown) - Teacher Reflectivity (Dr. Strieker) - Review Teacher Reflection Class Assignments: Readings &/or Other Homework Writing about Teaching (Descriptive, Analytical, Reflective): Think-Pair-Share - Analysis of Teacher Reflection - Discussion of Chapter 1 - Analyze lesson with QCC &/or GPS - Revise & improve reflection - Bring favorite lesson/unit - Chap 1 Wiggins & Tighe - Georgia Performance Standards - Georgia Learning Connection Activities: TBA - Understanding Essential Questions - Curriculum Mapping Reading (Elementary) Curriculum mapping in math (Secondary) - Curriculum Mapping: Assessment - Mapping at Montgomery Elementary School - Unit Development - Universal Design, Accommodation & Modification Activities: TBA - Discussion: Role of Assessment - Class Mapping Activity Discussion In-class activity examining “Leprechaun Traps: Unit on Simple Machines” - Discussion on Differentiated Instruction - Video activity - Tomlinson’s nine strategies Universal Design, Accommodation & Modification - Discussion use of strategies - Video activity - Multi-level instruction Dr. Strieker Universal Design, Accommodation & Modification - Discussion use of strategies - Accommodations, modifications & alternate assessments Pyramid planning in Reading (Secondary) Dr. Brown - Pyramid planning in math (Elementary) Activities: TBA - Revise & improve reflection - Determine GPS for your favorite lesson/unit - Chap 2 & 11 Wiggins & Tighe - Chap 3 Wiggins & Tighe - Jacobson (all) - Determine essential questions for lesson - Chap 4-6 Wiggins & Tighe - Jacobson (all) - Identify & develop new assessments for favorite lesson/unit -Chap 7-8 Wiggins & Tighe - Read & respond to journal articles on differentiated instruction - Identify & develop multilevel lessons - Read & respond to journal articles on differentiated instruction - Try one strategy & report Curriculum Map Due! - Read & respond to journal articles on differentiated instruction - Try one strategy & report Read & respond to journal articles on pyramid planning Homework: TBA Homework: TBA SIOP Instruction Assessment of curriculum philosophy & ideology. Development of philosophy ideology 14 statement. SIOP Instruction Discussion of Topic In-class preparation of integrated unit Initial draft of philosophy & ideology. Read & respond to journal articles on teaching math SIOP Instruction Activities: TBA Wiggins & Tighe Chap 9-10 Unit Due! Read & respond to journal articles on teaching reading Wiggins & Tighe Chap 9-10 Peer review Activities: TBA Read & respond to journal articles on teaching reading Wiggins & Tighe Chap 9-10 Final Project Presentation Present Unit Final Project Presentation Present Unit B. References/bibliography American Association on Mental Retardation. (1993). Mental retardation: Definition, classification, and systems of supports. 9th ed. Washington, D.C.: Author. Billingsley, F.F., Burgess, D., Lynch, V.W., & Matlock, B.L. (1991). Toward generalized outcomes: Considerations and guidelines for writing instructional objectives. Education and Training in Mental Retardation, 26, 351-360. Brooks, J. G., & Brooks, M. G. (1993). In search of understanding: The case for constructivist classrooms. Alexandria, Virginia: Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development. Calculator, S. N., & Jorgensen, C. M. (Eds.). (1994). Including students with severe disabilities in schools. San Diego, California: Singular Publishing Group, Inc. Carnine, D. W. (1991). Curricular interventions for teaching higher order thinking to all students: Introduction to the special series. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 24, 261-169. 15 Cawley, J.F., Baker-Kroczynski, S. & Urban, A. (1992). Seeking excellence in mathematics education for students with mild disabilities. Teaching Exceptional Children, 24, 40-43. Cohen, S.B. & Lynch, D.K. (1991). An instructional modification process. Teaching Exceptional Children, 23, 12-18. Downing, J. E. (1996). Including students with severe and multiple disabilities in typical classrooms. Baltimore, Maryland: Paul H. Brookes Publishing Co. Johnson, D. W., Johnson, R. T., & Holubec, E. J. (1994). The new circles of learning: Cooperation in the classroom and school. Alexandria, Virginia: Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development. Putnam, J. W. (1993). Cooperative learning and strategies for inclusion: Celebrating diversity in the classroom. Baltimore, Maryland: Paul H. Brookes Publishing Co. Slavin, R.E. (1990) Cooperative learning: Theory, research and practice. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall. Stainback, S., & Stainback, W. (1996). Inclusion: A guide for educators. Baltimore, Maryland: Paul H. Brookes Publishing Co. Villa, R. A., Thousand, J. S., Stainback, W., & Stainback, S. (1992). Restructuring for caring & effective education. Baltimore. 16 17