EDRD 7818 KENNESAW STATE UNIVERSITY Bagwell College of Education M.Ed Reading/Secondary Schools I. COURSE NUMBER/SECTION: EDRD 7818 COURSE TITLE: Content Area Reading in Secondary Schools II. INSTRUCTOR: Dr. Daphne Hubbard Office: KH 1015 Cell: 251-377-4644 E-mail: dhubbar9@kennesaw.edu Office Hours: By Appointment III. CLASS MEETING: Mondays 5:00 – 7:45 p.m., Kennesaw Hall Room 2001 IV. REQUIRED TEXT(S): American Psychological Association. (2009). Publication manual of the American Psychological Association. (6th ed.) Washingto, DC: American Psychological Association. Chalk and Wire Vacca, J.L., Vacca, R.T., Gove, M.K., Burkey, L.C., Lenhart, L.A., & McKeon, C.A. (2012). Reading and learning to read. (8th Ed.). Boston, MA: Pearson, Allyn and Bacon. Additional Readings and Related Material: Throughout the course you will read additional articles from such sources as Journal of Literacy Research, Literacy Research and Instruction, The Reading Teacher, Content Area Reading, Reading Online, and Reading Research Quarterly. V. CATALOG DESCRIPTION: An advanced study of the processes and problems of reading instruction in content area classrooms. This course explores components of the reading process related to content area reading instruction including technical reading, prior knowledge, reading strategies, supplemental texts, and methods of grouping. Candidates will plan instruction based on content area requirements that supports readers before, during, and after they read. Emphasis will be placed on supporting the unique reading needs of a diverse classroom of learners at all grade levels. EDRD 7718 VI. PURPOSE/RATIONALE: Mastery of reading skills is basic to successful learning in every school subject. Teachers can further their training by adding an endorsement in reading to their teaching certificates. Additionally, a reading endorsement will faciliate teacher acquisition of skills and competencies needed to help students read and understand content material; it will also aid teachers in identifying reading problems, providing required interventions, and assisting all students in improving reading skills. A reading endorsement will provide the incentive, as well as the opportunity, for teachers to become effective reading teachers and will help them meet state mandates for highly qualified teachers of reading. The purpose of this course is to provide candidates with the knowledge and skills to support the diverse reading needs of students as they read to learn in the content areas. This includes evaluating the textbook, choosing appropriate supplemental reading, and providing students with reading strategies to make meaning from text. Further, this course will help candidates plan instruction to meet the diverse needs of their students. After taking this course, candidates will have a stronger understanding of the reading process including the five dimensions of reading (e.g. phonics, phonemic awareness, fluency, vocabulary, comprehension) and factors that affect reading (e.g. text, context). Conceptual Framework Collaborative Development of Expertise in Teaching and Learning The Professional Teacher Education Unit (PTEU) at Kennesaw State University is committed to developing expertise among candidates in initial and advanced programs as teachers and leaders who possess the capability, intent and expertise to facilitate high levels of learning in all of their students through effective, research-based practices in classroom instruction, and who enhance the structures that support all learning. To that end, the PTEU fosters the development of candidates as they progress through stages of growth from novice to proficient to expert and leader. Within the PTEU conceptual framework, expertise is viewed as a process of continued development, not an end-state. To be effective, teachers and educational leaders must embrace the notion that teaching and learning are entwined and that only through the implementation of validated practices can all students construct meaning and reach high levels of learning. In that way, candidates are facilitators of the teaching and learning process. Finally, the PTEU recognizes, values and demonstrates collaborative practices across the college and university and extends collaboration to the community-at-large. Through this collaboration with professionals in the university, the public and private schools, parents and other professional partners, the PTEU meets the ultimate goal of assisting Georgia schools in bringing all students to high levels of learning. The graduates of advanced programs at Kennesaw State University, in addition to being effective classroom teachers, also develop expertise as effective teacher leaders who are self-directed, value a spirit of inquiry, and facilitate learning in all students; they 1. Are committed to students and their learning. 2. Know the subjects they teach and how to teach those subjects to students. 3. Are responsible for managing and monitoring student learning. 4. Think systematically about their practice and learn from experience. 5. Are members of learning communities. Knowledge Base: Teacher development is generally recognized as a continuum that includes four phases: preservice, induction, in-service, renewal (Odell, Huling, and Sweeny, 2000). Just as Sternberg (1996) believes that the concept of expertise is central to analyzing the teaching-learning process, the teacher education faculty at KSU believes that the concept of expertise is central to preparing effective classroom teachers and teacher leaders. Researchers describe how during the continuum phases teachers progress from being Novices learning to survive in classrooms toward becoming Experts who have achieved elegance 2 EDRD 7718 in their teaching. We, like Sternberg (1998), believe that expertise is not an end-state but a process of continued development. This course is designed for graduate candidates who are completing a program of study leading to a reading endorsement. The knowledge base for this course is reflected in the textual readings, references, objectives, assignments and in-class activities. Program candidates will have an opportunity to demonstrate pedagogical knowledge and skills related to student needs and motivation, various family and community literacies and the process of active learning. The professional learning facilitator: Demonstrates the knowledge of content required to facilitate learning. Demonstrates the knowledge of students needed to facilitate learning. Demonstrates the knowledge of standards and best pedagogical practices to facilitate learning. Demonstrates skill in creating a facilitative learning environment. Demonstrates skill in creating facilitative learning experiences. Demonstrates professionalism. Has students who are successful learners. Use of Technology: Technology Standards for Educators are required by the Professional Standards Commission. Telecommunication and information technologies will be integrated throughout the Reading Endorsement preparation program, and all candidates must be able to use technology to improve student learning and meet IRA Reading Standards. Candidates in this course will explore and use instructional media to assist teaching. They will master productivity tools, such as multimedia facilities, local-net and Internet, and feel confident to design multimedia instructional materials, and use diagnostic software. Diversity Statement: A variety of materials and instructional strategies will be employed to meet the needs of the different learning styles of diverse learners in class. Candidates will gain knowledge as well as an understanding of differentiated strategies and curricula for providing effective instruction and assessment within multicultural classrooms. One element of course work is raising candidate awareness of critical multicultural issues. A second element is to cause candidates to explore how multiple attributes of multicultural populations influence decisions in employing specific methods and materials for every student. Among these attributes are age, disability, ethnicity, family structure, gender, geographic region, giftedness, language, race, religion, sexual orientation, and socioeconomic status. An emphasis on cognitive style differences provides a background for the consideration of cultural context. Kennesaw State University provides program accessibility and accommodations for persons defined as disabled under Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 or the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990. A number of services are available to support students with disabilities within their academic program. In order to make arrangements for special services, students must visit the Office of Disabled Student Support Services (ext. 6443) and develop an individual assistance plan. In some cases, certification of disability is required. Please be aware there are other support/mentor groups on the campus of Kennesaw State University that address each of the multicultural variables outlined above. VII. COURSE GOALS/OBJECTIVES: The Professional Teacher Education Unit (PTEU) prepares learning facilitators who understand their disciplines and principles of pedagogy, who reflect on their practice, and who apply these understandings to making instructional decisions that foster the success of all learners. 3 EDRD 7718 Course Objectives: 1-Treats students equitably and provides equitable access to the full curriculum by respecting individual differences and adjusting (or assisting teachers in adjusting) practices accordingly. 2-Creates a safe, well-managed, challenging and inclusive learning environment that supports student interests, reading abilities, and backgrounds. 3-Uses multiple methods, technologies, both print and non print resources, and organizational arrangements (including various grouping options) to meet goals articulated for individual students and the class as a whole. 4-Displays positive dispositions toward reading and teaching of reading by modeling reading/writing as valued lifelong activities. 5-Continues to pursue development of professional knowledge and dispositions. 6- Possesses broad, current and specialized knowledge of reading (e.g., foundations of the reading/writing process, major components of reading, reading research and histories of reading and demonstrates this knowledge to colleagues, parents and students. 7- Possesses strong pedagogical content knowledge and uses that knowledge to create approaches to instructional challenges. 8-Monitors student progress with a variety of formal and informal evaluation methods and uses results to improve student learning. 9-Interprets student performance data, designs instruction accordingly, and communicates results. 10-Collaborates with colleagues to observe, evaluate and provide feedback to one another on daily practice. 11-Reflects upon daily practice, and draws upon experience and the professional literature to research issues related to improving student learning. The following grid aligns course objectives with NCATE, CPI, and IRA Professional Reading Standards: CPI Outcomes & Proficiences Course Objectives Course Objectives/IRA Standards NCATE Evidence 1.1 Possesses broad, current and specialized knowledge of subject matter and demonstrates this knowledge to colleagues, parents and students. 6 1.3 Demonstrate knowledge of language development and reading acquisition and the variations related to cultural and linguistic diversity. Standard 1: Candidate Knowledge, Skills & Dispositions Unit Plan 1.3 Possesses strong pedagogical content knowledge and uses that knowledge to create approaches to instructional challenges. 1.4 Demonstrate knowledge of the major components of reading (phonemic awareness, word identification and phonics, vocabulary and background knowledge, fluency, comprehension strategies, and motivation) and how they are integrated in fluent reading. 7 1.2 Demonstrate knowledge of reading research and reading histories. 2.2 Use a wide range of instructional practices, approaches, and methods, including technology-based practices, for 4 Individualized Student Literacy Plans Impact on Student Learning Analysis Ongoing Formal and Informal Assessments Standard 1: Candidate Knowledge, Skills & Dispositions Unit Plan Individualized Student Literacy Plans EDRD 7718 learners at different stages of development and from differing cultural and linguistic backgrounds. Impact on Student Learning Analysis Ongoing Formal and Informal Assessments 1.5 Actualizes the integration of content, pedagogy and interdisciplinary understanding through instruction that is integrated, elaborate and deep. 3 1.6 Possesses an interdisciplinary understanding of the curriculum and its applications to real life and accurately represents understanding through use of multiple explanations, methods, technologies, and/or strategies. 3&7 2.1 Treats students equitably and provides equitable access to the full curriculum by respecting individual differences and adjusting (or assisting teachers in adjusting) practices accordingly. 1, 3 & 7 1.3 Demonstrate knowledge of language development and reading acquisition and the variations related to cultural and linguistic diversity. Standard 1: Candidate Knowledge, Skills & Dispositions Unit Plan 2.2 Use a wide range of instructional practices, approaches, and methods, including technology-based practices, for learners at different stages of development and from differing cultural and linguistic backgrounds. Standard 1: Candidate Knowledge, Skills & Dispositions Unit Plan Individualized Student Literacy Plans Thematic Web Individualized Student Literacy Plans Impact on Student Learning Analysis 2.2 Use a wide range of instructional practices, approaches, and methods, including technology-based practices, for learners at different stages of development and from differing cultural and linguistic backgrounds. Standard 1: Candidate Knowledge, Skills & Dispositions Unit Plan Individualized Student Literacy Plans Impact on Student Learning Analysis 2.3 Use a wide range of curriculum materials in effective reading instruction for learners at different stages of reading and writing development and from differing cultural and linguistic backgrounds. 3.2 Reflects regularly upon dailty practice, and draws upon experience and the professional literature to design and conduct research aimed at improved student achievement. 2.2 Uses understanding of human development and learning and uses this understanding to create enriching educational experiences and/or environments for all students. 1&2 1.1 Demonstrate knowledge of psychological, sociological, and linguistic foundations of reading and writing processes and instruction. 1.3 Demonstrate knowledge of language development and reading acquisition and the variations related to cultural and linguistic diversity. Standard 1: Candidate Knowledge, Skills & Dispositions Unit Plan Standard 4: Diversity Impact on Student Learning Analysis Individualized Student Literacy Plans 2.1 Use instructional grouping options (individual, small-group, whole-class, and computer-based) as appropriate for accomplishing given purposes. 4.1 Use students’ interests, reading abilities and backgrounds as foundations for the reading and writing program. 2.3 Creates a safe, well 2 2.1 Use instructional grouping options 5 Standard 1: Unit Plan EDRD 7718 managed, challenging and inclusive learning environment that supports student interests, abilities, and backgrounds. (individual, small-group, whole-class, and computer-based) as appropriate for accomplishing given purposes. Candidate Knowledge, Skills & Dispositions Individualized Student Literacy Plans 4.1 Use students’ interests, reading abilities and backgrounds as foundations for the reading and writing program. 4.4 Motivate learners to be lifelong readers. 5.1 Display positive dispositions related to reading and the teaching of reading. 2.4 Uses multiple methods, technologies, resources, and organizational arrangements to meet goals articulated for individual students, class instruction and the overall school improvement plan. 3&7 2.1 Use instructional grouping options (individual, small-group, whole-class, and computer-based) as appropriate for accomplishing given purposes. 2.2 Use a wide range of instructional practices, approaches, and methods, including technology-based practices, for learners at different stages of development and from differing cultural and linguistic backgrounds. Standard 1: Candidate Knowledge, Skills & Dispositions Unit Plan Standard 4: Diversity Impact on Student Learning Analysis Individualized Student Literacy Plans Formal and Informal Assessments 2.3 Use a wide range of curriculum materials in effective reading instruction for learners at different stages of reading and writing development and from differing cultural and linguistic backgrounds. 4.2 Use a large supply of books, technology-based information, and nonprint materials representing multiple levels, broad interests, and cultural and linguistic backgrounds. 3.2 Reflects, regularly upon daily practice, and draws upon experience and the professional literature to design and conduct research aimed at improved student achievement. 11 5.1 Display positive dispositions related to reading and the teaching of reading. 5.2 Continue to pursue the development of professional knowledge and dispositions. Standard 1: Candidate Knowledge, Skills & Dispositions Unit Plan Individualized Student Literacy Plans Impact on Student Learning Analysis Parent Reports 3.5 Adheres to professional ethical standards while reporting, conducting and publishing research. 5 5.2 Continue to pursue the development of professional knowledge and dispositions. Standard 1: Candidate Knowledge, Skills & Dispositions Unit Plan Impact on Student Learning Analysis VIII. COURSE REQUIREMENTS/ASSIGNMENTS: EDRD 7718 is a collaborative course through which we will become a learning community that continuously engages in cooperative learning and other forms of active, intellectual work. We will do a number of in-class activities based upon your readings and homework assignments. You will be expected to participate through collaboration, questioning, listening, evaluating, analyzing, verbalizing, and demonstrating. Many in-class activities will be awarded points based on your participation and the group’s written, oral, or visual response to the activity. If you are not able to participate in the activity due to not having read an assignment, not having created a lesson/activity or not being in class, etc., you cannot receive the points. 6 EDRD 7718 All assignments should be uploaded to Vista in the Assignments tab by 5:00 p.m. on the due date. No hard copies will be accepted. Course Assignments Due Date Points Part I: Content Area Unit Plan Narrative January 30 100 Part II: Thematic Web February 6 100 Part III: Strategy Toolkit February 13 100 Part IV: Individualized Student Literacy Plans (10) Weekly/Ongoing 100 Part V: Weekly Parent Letters/Updates/Suggestions for Home Study (10) Weekly/Ongoing 100 Part VI: Final Parent Report detailing Pre and Post-Assessment Data from GORT 4 and QRI-5 March 26 100 Part VII: Impact on Student Learning Analysis April 16 100 Part VIII: Reference List April 16 100 Part IX: Impact on Student Learning Analysis Presentation April 23 & 30 100 Part X: Parts I-IX Revised and Uploaded to Chalk and Wire April 30 200 Readings/Reflections/Collaboration/Participation Weekly/Ongoing 100 Total Points Possible 1200 Part I: Content Area Unit Plan Narrative The Content Area Unit Plan is a collaborative project that will be completed as a grade level team. The unit plan focuses on a topic from a specific content area and integrates the language arts (reading, writing, listening, speaking, and media literacy), as well as the five dimensions of reading, as appropriate (phonemic awareness, phonics, fluency, vocabulary, comprehension). Study skills and technology will need to be incorporated as well through activities or strategies. In the narrative, discuss the following: Identify the topic and provide a rationale explaining why you chose this topic. Also, discuss the relevance of the topic to the developmental level of the students for which the unit is geared. Include within the paragraph the Georgia Performance Standards for the particular content area (Math, Social Studies, or Science) and the Common Core Standards for reading, writing, speaking, and listening. Discuss the relevance of the topic with respect to past and future learning of the students. Why is this topic important to your student’s past, current, and future in this subject area? Why is this topic relevant to the everyday lives, culture, etc. of students who live and go to school in a diverse area such as the greater Atlanta area? Start with a transition statement, then list at least ten (10) content-specific, high-level essential questions, based on the Georgia Performance Standards and Common Core Standards and additional important information you will want students to be able to answer as a result of your instruction/ implementation. See Appendix A for a detailed rubric for the Content Area Unit Plan. Part II: Thematic Web Create a web (using text boxes or Inspiration©) on the computer in which you carefully think about and include teaching/learning activities, strategies and ideas for lessons that focus around the theme/topic of your unit and that integrate the subject areas indicated below. Keep in mind to address all of Bloom’s Taxonomy levels for activities/tasks. Don’t just consider Knowledge and Comprehension levels in your activities. Your web should 7 EDRD 7718 include activities/tasks that require students to apply, analyze, synthesize, and evaluate. At the center of your web, indicate the topic and grade level of the unit. Think deeply about each lesson activity/learning experience you included in your detailed thematic web. Think of these in two ways. First, it may be an activity that meets a particular intelligence/talent (style) that helps those children who learn in that way. Second, it may be an activity that provides an opportunity for students to demonstrate what they’ve learned in a particular manner that is reflected by a specific intelligence. See Appendix B for a template of the Thematic Web. Part III: Strategy Toolkit Based on the 25 strategies included on Thematic Web for reading, writing, listening/fine arts, speaking/fine arts, grammar, phonemic awareness and phonics, fluency, vocabulary, and comprehension, candidates will create a Word document containing all 25 strategies. For each strategy, brief description of the procedure for using the strategy and a current URL for accessing more information regarding the strategy. Strategies should be arranged alphabetically within the following categories: Reading Writing Listening/Fine Arts Speaking/Fine Arts Grammar Phonemic Awareness and Phonics Fluency Vocabulary Comprehension Part IV: Individualized Student Literacy Plans (10) Incorporate the information from Content Area Unit Plan, the Thematic Web, and the Strategy Toolkit into 10 Individualized Student Literacy Plans lesson plans using the template provided in Appendix C. Any graphic organizer used in the plan should be copied and pasted into the actual plan. Following the lesson, the candidate will include a reflection on the plan. When posting these plans to Chalk and Wire, the candidate should include student work samples created in each session. Part V: Weekly Parent Letters/Updates/Suggestions for Home Study (10) Following each intervention session with the tutee, candidates should send the parents an email containing the following information: date of intervention, skill focus of the session, summary the content of the session, and Home/Parent/Family Support suggestions for reinforcing the skill. Great care should be taken with proofreading, editing, and revisions before sending the email to parents. Each of the 10 emails, including date and time of each, can be compiled into one Word document to be posted to Chalk and Wire at the end of the semester. Part VI: Final Parent Report detailing Pre and Post-Assessments of the GORT 4 and QRI-5 This formal, academic report will be a continuation and update of the report prepared for parents in EDRD 7719, but will contain the post-assessment data from the spring administration of the GORT 4 and the QRI-5. All informal assessments and results of formal assessments for fall and spring should be scanned and uploaded to Chalk and Wire, but not provided to parents. Part VII: Impact on Student Learning Analysis This five-seven page, formal analysis should adhere to specifications on the ISLA for EDRD 7718 and APA (6th ed.) formatting guidelines. The ISLA is attached as Appendix D. 8 EDRD 7718 Part VIII: Reference List Prepare a reference list of at least 25 references in APA (6th ed.) format for the entire unit, including Final Parent Report and Impact on Student Learning Analysis. The references should be no older than seven years and come from reputable journals and authors. Part IX: Impact on Student Learning Analysis Presentation Candidates will prepare a 10-15 minute power point presentation that detailing the key components of their Impact on Student Learning Analysis. Part X: Parts I-IX Revised and Uploaded to Chalk and Wire Throughout the semester when revisions are complete, candidates should use the following checklist as a guide for uploading important documents to Chalk and Wire. Candidates will receive a grade of Incomplete until these documents are successfully and completed uploaded to Chalk and Wire. The documents should be labeled according to the specific name detailed in the syllabus and in the appropriate and established order below. 1. Content Area Unit Plan Narrative 2. Thematic Web 3. Strategy Toolkit 4. Individualized Student Literacy Plans (10) labeled 1-10 including student work samples 5. Weekly Parent Letters/Updates/Suggestions for Home Study: 10 entries on one Word document 6. Final Parent Report detailing Pre and Post-Assessment Data from GORT 4 and QRI-5 7. Impact on Student Learning Analysis 8. Reference List 9. Impact on Student Learning Analysis Presentation IX. EVALUATION AND GRADING: Grading Scale: 90 – 100% A 80 – 89 % B 70 – 79 % C Below 70% F Late Work: Late work will be accepted with a 10-point late penalty per day. After three days, the work will not be accepted. Please email the instructor if you anticipate an assignment being late. Quality of Work: All work should be edited well. Points will be deducted from all work that does not meet professional standards. In some cases, I may return the work without a grade. When appropriate APA (6th ed.) should be used for formatting. X. ACADEMIC INTEGRITY: Every KSU student is responsible for upholding the provisions of the Student Code of Conduct, as published in the Undergraduate and Graduate Catalogs. Section II of the Student Code of Conduct addresses the University's policy on academic honesty, including provisions regarding plagiarism and cheating, unauthorized access to University materials, misrepresentation/falsification of University records or academic work,malicious removal, retention, or destruction of library materials, malicious/intentional misuse of computer facilities and/or services, and misuse of student identification cards. Incidents of alleged academic misconduct will be handled through the established procedures of the University Judiciary Program, which includes either an "informal" resolution by a faculty member, resulting in a grade adjustment, or a formal hearing procedure, which may subject a student to the Code of Conduct's minimum one semester suspension requirement. 9 EDRD 7718 XI. ATTENDANCE POLICY: The expectations for attending class are in accordance with the Undergraduate Catalogue. All students are expected to attend classes in accordance with the scheduled time of the course. Should you be absent, you are responsible for making up the work missed. In-class activities may not be made up. XII. COURSE OUTLINE: What follows is a tentative schedule (subject to change with notice). I have indicated the dates that readings from your text are due. I may also assign other readings which are are not indicated in the reading schedule. Please note that you will be required to work with the student that you assessed in EDRD 7719 throughout this course. . Weeks 1-4 Introduction/Syllabus Common Core Anchor Standards for Reading P-12 Jan .9 Week 1: Key Ideas and Details: Chapters 5, 10, 14 Jan. 23 Week 2: Craft and Structure: Chapters 7, 8, 9,10, 14 Jan. 30 Week 3: Integration of Knowledge and Ideas: Chapters 2,10,12,13,14 Feb. 6 Week 4: Range of Reading and Level of Text Complexity: Chapters 10, 12, 13, 14 Other Readings as Assigned Weeks 5-8 Common Core Anchor Standards for Writing P-12 Feb. 13 Week 5: Text Types and Purposes: Chapters 11, 12, 14 Feb. 20 Week 6: Production and Distribution of Writing: Chapters 2, 3, 5, 11 Feb. 27 Week 7: Research to Build and Present Knowledge: Chapters 2, 11, 12, 14 Mar. 12 Week 8: Range of Writing: Chapters 11, 14 Other Readings as Assigned Weeks 9-10 Common Core Anchor Standards for Speaking and Listening P-12 Mar. 19 Week 9: Comprehension and Collaboration: Chapters 3, 5, 8, 9, 12, 14 Mar. 26 Week 10: Presentation of Knowledge and Ideas: Chapters 3, 5, 7, 8, 9, 11, 12, 14 Other Readings as Assigned Weeks 11-14 Common Core Anchor Standards for Language Apr. 2 Week 11: Conventions of Standard English: Chapters 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 11, 12, 14 Apr. 9 Week 12: Knowledge of Language: Chapters: 3, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 14 Apr. 16 Week 13: Vocabulary Acquisition and Use: Chapters 5, 7, 8, 9, 14 Apr. 23 Week 14: Other Readings as Assigned Apr. 30 Week 15: Other Readings as Assigned Georgia View Vista Access Georgia View Vista Access will be the primary communication tool used for emails, announcements, changes in schedule, collaborative discussions, access to course materials, out-of-class activities and grade results. Additional course materials will be available online in Georgia View Vista. It is very important that you check Georgia View Vista daily for announcements. It is your responsibility to check for change notifications as assignments and readings may change as the semester progresses. The URL to access Georgia View Vista is http://vista.kennesaw.edu You will use your NetID and password to access the Georgia View Vista course. XIII. REFERENCES: Allen, J. (1995). It’s never too late: Leading adolescents to lifelong literacy. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann. Antinarella, J., & Salbu, K. (2003). Tried and true lessons, strategies, and activities for teaching secondary English. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann. Alvermann, D. E., & Phelps, S. F. (1998). Content reading and literacy (2nd ed.). Boston: Allyn & Bacon. Beers, K., & Samuels, B. (Eds.). (1998). Into focus: Understanding and creating middle school readers. Norwood, MA: Christopher-Gordon. Beers, K. (2003). When kids can’t read: What teachers can do. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann. Blau, S. (2003). The literature workshop: Teaching texts and their readers. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann. Bloem, P., & Padak, N. (1996). Picture books, young adult books, and adult literacy learners. Journal of Adolescent and Adult Literacy. Buehl, D. (2001). Classroom strategies for interactive learning. Newark, DE.: IRA. Brozo, W., & Simpson, M. (1995). Readers, teachers, learners (2nd ed.). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall. Burke, J. (2002). Reading reminders: Tools, tips, and techniques. Portsmouth, NH: Boynton/Cook. 10 EDRD 7718 Burkhardt, R. (2003). Writing for real. Westerville, OH: NMSA. Cole, A. D. (2004). When reading begins: The teacher’s role in decoding, comprehension, and fluency. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann. Combs, M. (1997). Developing competent readers and writers in the middle grades. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Merrill. Cullinan B., & Galda, L. (1994). Literature and the child. San Diego. Harcourt Brace. Cullinan, B. (1992). Read to me: Raising kids who love to read. NY: Scholastic. De Carlo, J. (Ed.). (1995). Perspectives in whole language. Boston: Allyn & Bacon. Dornan, R., Rosen, L., & Wilson, M. (1997). Multiple voices, multiple texts: Reading in the secondary content areas. Portsmouth, NY: Boynton/Cook. Dudley-Marling, C., & Paugh, P. (2004). A classroom teacher’s guide to struggling readers. Porstmouth, NH: Heineman. Duffy, G. G. (Ed.). (1992). Reading in the middle school. Newark, Delaware: IRA. Ekwall, E. E. (1993). Locating and correcting reading difficulties (6th ed.). Columbus: Merrill. Ericson, B. (Ed.). (2001). Teaching reading in high school English classes. Urbana, IL: NCTE. Farris, P., Fuhler, C., & Walther, M. (2004). Teaching reading: A balanced approach for today’s classrooms. Boston: McGraw-Hill. Filipovic, Z. (1994). Zlata's diary: A child's life in Sarajevo. NY: Scholastic. Gillet, J., & Temple, C. (2000). Understanding reading problems. NY: Longman. Graves, M. (2001). Teaching reading in the 21st century. Needham Heights, MA: Allyn & Bacon. Gunning, T. G. (1996). Creating reading instruction for all children (2nd ed.). Boston: Allyn & Bacon. Harvey, S., & Goudvis, A. (2000). Strategies that work. York, Maine: Stenhouse. Heilman, A. (1998). Phonics in proper perspective. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Merrill. Heilman, A., Blair, T., & Rupley, W. (1998). Principles and practices of teaching reading (9th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall. Irvin, J. (1998). Reading and the middle school student. Boston: Allyn & Bacon. Jacobson, J. M. (1998). Content area reading: Integration with the language arts. Albany, NY: Delmar. Johnson, D. (2001). Vocabulary in the elementary and middle school. Needham Heights, MA: Allyn & Bacon. Krogness, M. (1995). Just teach me, Mrs. K. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann. Langer, J. (1992). Literature instruction: A focus on student response. Urbana, IL: NCTE. Learner, J. (1993). Learning disabilities: Theories, diagnosis, and teaching strategies (6th ed.). Boston: Houghton Mifflin. Leggo, C. (1991). The reader as problem-maker: Responding to a poem with questions. Manzo, A., & Manzo, U. (1997). Content area literacy: Interactive teaching for active learning. NY: Prentice-Hall. May, F. (2001). Unraveling the seven myths of reading. Needham Heights, MA: Allyn & Bacon. Murphy, J. (1996). The great fire. NY: Scholastic. National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. (2000). Report of the National Reading Panel:Teaching children to read: an evidence-based assessment of the scientific research literature on reading and its implications for reading instruction. Reports of the subgroups (NIH Publication No. 004754). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. Newkirk, T. (2002). Misreading masculinity: Boys, literacy, and popular culture. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann. Pirie, B. (2002). Teenage boys and high school English. Portsmouth, NH: Boynton/Cook. Probst. R. E. (1988). Response and analysis: Teaching literature in junior and senior high school. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann. Putnam, L. (Ed.). (1996). How to become a better reading teacher. NY: Prentice-Hall. Rasinski, T., & Padak, N. (2000). Effective reading strategies: Teaching children who find reading difficult (2nd ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Merrill/Prentice Hall. Richardson, J., & Morgan, R. (2000). Reading to learn in the content areas. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth. Rinaldi, A. (1993). Wolf by the ears. NY: Scholastic. Robinson, R., & et.al. (2000). Issues and trends in literacy education. Needham Heights, MA: Allyn & Bacon. Roe, B., & Smith, S. (2005). Teaching reading in today’s middle school. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. Ruddell, M. R. (1997). Teaching content reading and writing. Needham Heights, MA: Allyn & Bacon. Schoenbach, R., & Greenleaf, C. (1999). Reading for understanding. NY: Jossey-Bass. Smith, M., & Wilhelm, J. (2002). Reading don’t fix no chevys. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann. Strickland, K. (2005). What’s after assessment? Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann. Tompkins, G. E. (2003). Literature for the 21st century (3rd ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Merrill. Tonjes, M., Wolpow, R., & Zintz, M. (1999). Integrated content literacy. NY: McGraw-Hill. Tovani, C. (2004). Do I have to teach reading? Portland, MA. Vacca, R., & Vacca, J. A. (2000). Content area reading. NY: Longman. Weaver, C. (2002). Reading process and practice (3rd ed.). Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann. Wilhelm, J. D. (1997). You gotta BE the book: Teaching engaged and reflective reading with adolescents. Urbana, IL: NCTE. Zirinsky, D., & Rau, S. (2001). A classroom of teenaged readers. NY: Addison Wesley Longman. 11 EDRD 7718