KENNESAW STATE UNIVERSITY BAGWELL COLLEGE OF EDUCATION INED 7755 I. COURSE: INED 7755 Number/section: Course Title: Interventions for Adolescents with Reading Difficulties II. INSTRUCTORS: Name: Office: Office Phone: E-mail: Office Hours: By appt. III. CLASS MEETING: Campus: D2L: You will engage in on-line discussions with your peers on concepts related to our topics. Therefore, you are expected to log onto D2L daily and engage in these discussions. In addition, all materials for each session will be posted at least 24 hours in advance. You are asked to download all materials prior to coming to class. Minimal handouts will be provided by the faculty. *Please note: This class is not a web or online course. Your materials will be sent directly to you or provided during class. IV. TEXT & MATERIALS: Required Text: Denton, C. A., Vaughn, S., Wexler, J., Bryan, D., & Reed, D. (2012). Effective instruction for middle school students with reading difficulties: The reading teacher's sourcebook. Baltimore: Brookes Publishing. TBD Required to Download to Keep on Computer or Hard Copy: Boardman, A.G., Roberts, G., Vaughn, S., Wexler, J., Murray, C. S., Kosanovich, M. (2008). Effective instruction for adolescent struggling readers: A practice brief. Portsmouth, NH: RMC Corporation, Center on Instruction. http://www.centeroninstruction.org/files/Practice%20BriefStruggling%20Readers1.pdf (COI PRACTICE GUIDE #1) Vaughn, S., Wanzek, J., Murray, C. S., & Roberts, G. (2012). Intensive interventions for students struggling in reading and mathematics: A practice guide. Portsmouth, NH: RMC Research Corporation, Center on Instruction. http://www.centeroninstruction.org/files/Intensive%20Interventions%20for%20Students%20Stru ggling%20in%20Reading%20%26%20Math.pdf (COI PRACTICE GUIDE #2) Kosanovich, M. L., Reed, D. K., & Miller, D. H. (2010). Bringing literacy strategies into content instruction: Professional learning for secondary-level teachers. Portsmouth, NH: RMC Research Corporation, Center on Instruction. http://www.centeroninstruction.org/bringing-literacystrategies-into-content-instruction (COI DOCUMENT FOR ASSIGNMENT 2) Kamil, M. L., Borman, G. D., Dole, J., Kral, C. C., Salinger, T., and Torgesen, J. (2008). Improving adolescent literacy: Effective classroom and intervention practices: A Practice Guide (NCEE #2008-4027). Washington, DC: National Center for Education Evaluation and Regional Assistance, Institute of Education Sciences, U.S. Department of Education http://ies.ed.gov/ncee/wwc/pdf/practiceguides/adlit_pg_082608.pdf (IES DOCUMENT) Additional readings will be available on D2L Assessment Web Resources: http://www.rti4success.org/ www.studentprogress.org www.progressmonitoring.net http://dibels.uoregon.edu/ http://progressmonitoring.org/ http://centeroninstruction.org/files/plugin-UsingCBMRTI_powerpoint.pdf http://www.sedl.org/reading/rad/ Additional Resources (Just fyi): Reed, D. K., Wexler, J., & Vaughn, S. (2012). RTI for reading at the secondary level: Recommended literacy practices and remaining questions. New York: Guildford Press. Archer, A. L. & Hughes, C.A. (2011). Explicit instruction: Effective and efficient teaching. New York: The Guilford Press. Beck, I. L., McKeown, M. G., & Kucan, L. (2002). Bringing words to life: Robust vocabulary instruction. New York, NY: Guildford Press. What Works Clearinghouse – http://ies.ed.gov/ncee/wwc/ Professional development resources – http://www.learningport.us/ National High School Center – www.betterhighschools.org National Center on RTI – www.rti4success.org The Meadows Center for Preventing Educational Risk – www.meadowscenter.org Assessments to Guide Adolescent Literacy Instruction – http://centeroninstruction.org/files/Assessment%20Guide.pdf http://iris.peabody.vanderbilt.edu/about_aboutthecenter.html 2 INED **** Klingner, J.K., Vaughn. S., Boardman, A. (2007). Teaching reading comprehension to students with learning difficulties. New York, NY: Guilford Press. V. CATALOG DESCRIPTION: Pre-requisites: Admission to Program This application-focused course explores methods, intervention strategies and needs of middle/secondary students with reading difficulties/disabilities. Topics covered include: (1) Characteristics/manifestations of reading disabilities (2) Trends and issues in adolescent literacy such as Response to Intervention at the middle/secondary level including assessment, (3) Features of effective intervention instruction, (4) Explicit evidence-based comprehension, vocabulary, advanced word study, fluency, and writing intervention strategies, and (5) Content area literacy interventions for adolescents with reading difficulties/disabilities. VI. PURPOSE/RATIONALE: In this course teachers will acquire knowledge and skills regarding effective intervention and assessment strategies used to facilitate positive outcomes for middle/secondary readers with reading difficulties/disabilities. Specifically, they will develop an understanding of strategies for intensifying and delivering explicit instruction in content area classrooms. After taking this course, teachers will have an increased ability to select and implement evidence based strategies that address the key components of reading for middle/secondary students identified with reading difficulties/reading disabilities. Conceptual Framework Collaborative Development of Expertise in Teaching and Learning The Professional Teacher Education Unit (PTEU) at Kennesaw State University is committed to developing expertise among candidates in initial and advanced programs as teachers and leaders who possess the capability, intent and expertise to facilitate high levels of learning in all of their students through effective, research-based practices in classroom instruction, and who enhance the structures that support all learning. To that end, the PTEU fosters the development of candidates as they progress through stages of growth from novice to proficient to expert and leader. Within the PTEU conceptual framework, expertise is viewed as a process of continued development, not an end-state. To be effective, teachers and educational leaders must embrace the notion that teaching and learning are entwined and that only through the implementation of validated practices can all students construct meaning and reach high levels of learning. In that way, candidates are facilitators of the teaching and learning process. Finally, the PTEU recognizes, values and demonstrates collaborative practices across the college and university and extends collaboration to the community-at-large. Through this collaboration with professionals in the university, the public and private schools, parents and other professional partners, the PTEU meets the ultimate goal of assisting Georgia schools in bringing all students to high levels of learning. 3 INED **** The graduates of advanced programs at Kennesaw State University, in addition to being effective classroom teachers, also develop expertise as effective teacher leaders who are self-directed, value a spirit of inquiry, and facilitate learning in all students; they: Are committed to students and their learning. Know the subjects they teach and how to teach those subjects to students. Are responsible for managing and monitoring student learning. Think systematically about their practice and learn from experience. Are members of learning communities. Knowledge Base. Teacher development is generally recognized as a continuum that includes four phases: preservice, induction, in-service, renewal (Odell, Huling, and Sweeny, 2000). Just as Sternberg (1996) believes that the concept of expertise is central to analyzing the teachinglearning process, the teacher education faculty at KSU believes that the concept of expertise is central to preparing effective classroom teachers and teacher leaders. Researchers describe how during the continuum phases teachers progress from being Novices learning to survive in classrooms toward becoming Experts who have achieved elegance in their teaching. We, like Sternberg (1998), believe that expertise is not an end-state but a process of continued development. This course is designed for graduate candidates who are completing a program of study leading to a reading graduate degree. The knowledge base for this course is reflected in the textual readings, references, objectives, assignments and in-class activities. Program candidates will have an opportunity to demonstrate pedagogical knowledge and skills related to student needs and motivation, various family and community literacies and the process of active learning. The Professional Learning Facilitator: Demonstrates the knowledge of thinking, teaching and learning processes. Demonstrates the knowledge of content required to facilitate learning. Demonstrates the knowledge of students needed to facilitate learning. Demonstrates the knowledge of standards and best pedagogical practices to facilitate learning. Demonstrates skill in creating a facilitative learning environment. Demonstrates skill in creating facilitative learning experiences. Demonstrates professionalism. Has students who are successful learners. Use of Technology. Technology Standards for Educators are required by the Professional Standards Commission. Telecommunication and information technologies will be integrated throughout the Reading Endorsement preparation program, and all candidates must be able to use technology to improve student learning and meet IRA Reading Standards. Candidates in this course will explore and use instructional media to assist teaching. They will master productivity tools, such as multimedia facilities, local-net and Internet, and feel confident to design multimedia instructional materials, and use diagnostic software. 4 INED **** Diversity Statement. A variety of materials and instructional strategies will be employed to meet the needs of the different learning styles of diverse learners in class. Candidates will gain knowledge as well as an understanding of differentiated strategies and curricula for providing effective instruction and assessment within multicultural classrooms. One element of course work is raising candidate awareness of critical multicultural issues. A second element is to cause candidates to explore how multiple attributes of multicultural populations influence decisions in employing specific methods and materials for every student. Among these attributes are age, disability, ethnicity, family structure, gender, geographic region, giftedness, language, race, religion, sexual orientation, and socioeconomic status. An emphasis on cognitive style differences provides a background for the consideration of cultural context. Kennesaw State University provides program accessibility and accommodations for persons defined as disabled under Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 or the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990. A number of services are available to support students with disabilities within their academic program. In order to make arrangements for special services, students must visit the Office of Disabled Student Support Services (ext. 6443) and develop an individual assistance plan. In some cases, certification of disability is required. Please be aware there are other support/mentor groups on the campus of Kennesaw State University that address each of the multicultural variables outlined above. VII. COURSE GOALS/OBJECTIVES: The Professional Teacher Education Unit (PTEU) prepares learning facilitators who understand their disciplines and principles of pedagogy, who reflect on their practice, and who apply these understandings to making instructional decisions that foster the success of all learners. Course Objectives: 1. Demonstrate scientifically-based instructional skills in literacy across the content areas as appropriate for students at-risk for or with identified disabilities. 2. Possesses broad, current and specialized knowledge of reading (e.g., foundations of the reading/writing process, major components of reading, reading research and histories of reading and demonstrates this knowledge to colleagues, parents and students). 3. Possesses an understanding of the role reading plays in the content areas and accurately represents understanding through use of multiple explanations, methods, technologies and/or strategies. (Dispositions) 4. Possesses strong pedagogical content knowledge and uses that knowledge to create approaches to instructional challenges 5 INED **** The following grid aligns course objectives with those of the unit, the Georgia Professional Standards Commission, NCATE and IRA Professional Reading Standards: Course Objectives Graduate CPI IRA Standards 1. Demonstrate scientificallybased instructional skills in literacy across the content areas as appropriate for students at-risk for or with identified disabilities. 1.1 Possesses Broad, current & specialized knowledge of subject matter and demonstrates this knowledge to colleagues, parents and students. 1.1 Demonstrate knowledge of research that describes the cognitive, linguistic, motivational, and sociocultural foundations of reading and writing instruction. 2. Possesses Broad, current & specialized knowledge of subject matter and demonstrates this knowledge to colleagues, parents and students. 3. Possesses an understanding of the role reading plays in the content areas and accurately represents understanding through use of multiple explanations, methods, technologies and/or strategies. (Dispositions) 4.Possesses NCATE Assessments Standard 1: Candidate Knowledge, Skills & Dispositions Assignments 18 Quizzes Reading Responses Standard 1: Candidate Knowledge, Skills & Dispositions Assignments 18 Quizzes Reading Responses 1.2 Demonstrate knowledge of reading research and histories of reading. 1.3 Demonstate the role of professional judgment and practical knowledge for improving all students’ reading development and achievement 1.3 Possesses strong pedagogical content knowledge and uses that knowledge to create approaches to instructional challenges. 1.4 Actualizes the integration of content, pedagogy & interdisciplinary understanding through instruction that is integrated, flexible, elaborate and deep. 2.1 Use foundational knowledge to design or implement integrated, comprehensive, and balanced curriculum 2.2 Use appropriate and varied instructional approaches, including those that develop word recognition, language comprehension, strategie knowledge, and reading-writing connections. 6 INED **** strong pedagogical content knowledge and uses that knowledge to create approaches to instructional challenges. 2.3 Use a wide range of curriculum materials in effective reading instruction for learners at different stages of reading and writing development 3.2 Select, develop, administer, and interpret assessments, both traditional print and electronic, for specific purposes. 3.3 Use assessment information to plan and evaluate instruction. 3.4 Communicate assessment results and implications to a variety of audiences VIII. Course Requirements/Assignments: Assignment 1: View and Evaluate Students will view different videos in class that feature instruction on a particular component of reading (i.e. comprehension or vocabulary instruction) that we study. You will learn to evaluate the instruction based on features of effective instruction we will learn about in class and the specific content being taught. Using an implementation quality checklist for two video observations (TBD), you will evaluate the quality of instruction and then summarize the “glows” (good instructional practices) and “grows” (areas where instruction could be improved). Summaries should be typed and not exceed 2 pages double spaced 12pt. Times New Roman font. (10pts. each) Assignment 2: Vocabulary and Comprehension Vignettes Students will have the opportunity to read two (one vocabulary and one comprehension) “vignettes” from the Center on Instruction document (see Required Readings: Kosanovich et al.). For two of the vignettes of your choice, you will respond to a set of 5 questions. (10 pts each) 7 INED **** Assignment 3: Adolescent Literacy Text Review Students will evaluate one of the primary texts used in their course (or a colleagues’ course with permission) as well as the content taught and quality of instructional delivery. Special attention needs to be paid to the text complexity for the particular grade level the book is targeted. Students may want to begin to identify which class they plan to use for this assignment in advance. (20 pts.) This assignment will be to obtain and evaluate the text typically used in the class or another chosen class using a checklist that will be provided. Students will evaluate the text to determine if it incorporates research based reading components and strategies for struggling readers. After using the checklist, the student will summarize “glows” and grows” to indicate strengths of the text and areas where we would expect to see that the teacher has supplemented the text and any guidance provided by the text. Summaries should be typed and not exceed 4 pages double spaced 12pt. Times New Roman Font. (5pts for completing the checklist and 5pts for a summary of “glows” and “grows”). Assignment 4/5: Strategy Lesson Plan and Demo In pairs, students will develop a lesson plan and all accompanying materials for one of four key comprehension strategies that we will learn in class: Preview, Get the Gist, Click and Clunk, and Wrap up: Generating Questions. The content area unit topic and anchor expository text material from which the lesson plan will be developed will be chosen by each pair in advance. Common Core literacy standards must be addressed with special attention to language complexity and language development. The lesson plan will include key lesson components that make instruction more effective for adolescent readers with reading difficulties/disabilities: 1) Daily review, 2) State the objectives/purpose, 3) Explicit modeling and teaching, 4) Guided practice, 5) Independent practice, 6) Teaching for generalization, 7) Monitoring student learning, 8) Periodic review (multiple opportunities for practice). Lesson plan examples will be given in class and can be found in the Denton et al. text. You will also incorporate appropriate assistive technology/technology strategies investigated in class. A rubric will be provided. Due on the day of each pair’s Strategy Demo. (50 pts.) Using the lesson plan and materials developed for Assignment 4, students (in pairs) will demonstrate lesson components 1-4 to our class for approximately 25-30 minutes. With your partner, you will demonstrate the literacy strategy (from the above described lesson plan) to the class. Your demonstration should actively involve the class in some way, as though we are the students in your course. Assume that no one is familiar with your strategy and must be taught how and why to use it for the first time. You must prepare a handout for your strategy demonstration and provide any necessary materials for participants to be actively engaged. A rubric will be provided. Each class member and the instructor will fill out the rubric and feedback forms (which will be factored into each student’s participation grade) for each class member, but only the instructor’s grade will count as your final grade. (40 pts.) Assignment 6: Strategy Lesson Demo Reflection After completing Assignment 5, each student will complete a strategy demonstration reflection based on the features of effective instruction we will learn in class. (10 pts.) 8 INED **** Assignment 7: Unit Materials/Plan Throughout the semester we will learn strategies that can be used in content area classes and/or supplemental interventions for adolescent readers with reading difficulties/disabilities. In pairs, students will develop all accompanying materials that would go with a “mini unit” that incorporates these before, during, and after reading strategies as well as vocabulary, and word study/fluency where appropriate. The same pairs who work together for Assignment 4 and 5 will work on this assignment and some materials will be able to be used for all assignments. Students will use an approved content area topic and text to develop the unit materials as well as other materials we will review in class. A more extensive explanation of this assignment will be reviewed in class. The unit materials will be turned in three different times throughout the semester. (50 pts). Assignment 8: Case Study: Analysis and Intervention Plan Students will complete a case study that focuses on analyzing the needs of an adolescent reader with reading difficulties/disabilities and making instructional decisions by selecting appropriate instructional and PM strategies to create an appropriate intervention lesson plan. You will receive a fictional description of a student that includes assessment outcomes. Throughout the semester you will learn ways to select appropriate PM, intensify your instruction by implementing the elements of effective instruction, and explicit strategies (e.g., word study, comprehension, vocabulary, fluency to promote positive outcomes for struggling adolescent readers). A rubric will be provided. You will share your plan with a small group for discussion and feedback. Specific guidelines will be passed out in class. (40 pts) Quizzes Students will take 3 quizzes throughout the semester. Quiz 1 will focus on trends and issues in adolescent literacy, RTI, as well the core components of reading. Quiz 2 will focus on intensifying instruction and vocabulary. Quiz 3 will focus on advanced word study, fluency, and writing. Quizzes will vary in format between multiple choice and short answer. (10 pts. each) Responses to Readings Students will be assigned and asked to write brief written responses (bolded on the assignment calendar) related to four of the course readings. These responses should be typed in 12pt. Times New Roman font and double spaced. They will be used as a platform for class topics and discussion. For each article: (a) Provide a summary (no longer than a paragraph) of the overall main idea, (b) Describe three things you learned or thought were important and that you could potentially relate to your current or future teaching (list or write a few sentences for each) and provide a page number to connect your thought back to the text, and (c) provide three questions for discussion. (5 pts. each). IRIS Online Modules (2 modules, 10 points each) View 2 modules (1) Secondary Reading Instruction, and (2) CSR: A Reading Comprehension Strategy and complete the assessment questions for each. To access IRIS modules, go to http://iris.peabody.vanderbilt.edu/resources.html and scroll down to the topic Learning Strategies for the Secondary Reading Instruction module and Reading, Literacy, and English Language Arts 9 INED **** for the CSR module. Click on the title of the module, then click on “Challenge” to begin the module. You will complete an advanced organizer for each module. Participation/Attendance This is an interactive class. Participation in this course should strengthen your abilities to collaborate with your peers and become a contributing member of a dynamic learning community. Therefore, it is absolutely essential that cell phones, laptops, and any other form of electronic devices not be used during class. Your attendance and participation in class are essential. Collaboration with your peers outside of class is strongly encouraged. All students are expected to read the assigned material before each class period. It is recognized that there are legitimate reasons for being absent; however, it is the responsibility of the student to discuss the reason for any absence with the instructor. Except in extreme emergency, students should contact the instructor prior to an anticipated absence. Approximately half way through the course, you will be asked to evaluate yourself using the rubric posted at the end of the syllabus. I will then provide my evaluation and you will receive an average mid-point participation score (20pts). We will repeat the process at the end of the course for another average participation score (20pts). There will be a sign-up sheet provided during the first day of class so we can arrange a one-one meeting. This will be a time for me to get a better idea about your teaching background, experiences and your goals so that I can tailor instruction to meet students’ needs. You should also bring your knowledge survey to this (5pts. total) Finally, you will have a chance to rate your partner regarding his/her contributions on Assignment 4, 5, and 7 which will make up the last 5 points of your participation grade. (5pts) IX. Evaluation and Grading: A = 90 – 100% B = 80 – 89% C = 70 – 79% D = 60 – 69% Late Work: I will accept late work, but it is your responsibility to discuss late work with me prior to the due date. Points will be deducted from late work (10% per day that is tardy). Standards for Submission of Assignments Make certain that your name is on everything submitted, particularly those on D2L. Along with your name, please include the date and course number For paper submissions, secure single sheets of paper—Do not dogear or turn in loose sheets Report covers may be used for major assignments---No plastic sleeves for individual sheets of paper Type/word process all assignments (crisp, clear printout) 10 INED **** Edit your work, and when asked, show evidence of peer review. Make certain that you self assess on the rubrics provided and submit those with the assignment. X. ACADEMIC INTEGRITY: Every KSU student is responsible for upholding the provisions of the Student Code of Conduct, as published in the Undergraduate and Graduate Catalogs. Section II of the Student Code of Conduct addresses the University's policy on academic honesty, including provisions regarding plagiarism and cheating, unauthorized access to University materials, misrepresentation/falsification of University records or academic work,malicious removal, retention, or destruction of library materials, malicious/intentional misuse of computer facilities and/or services, and misuse of student identification cards. Incidents of alleged academic misconduct will be handled through the established procedures of the University Judiciary Program, which includes either an "informal" resolution by a faculty member, resulting in a grade adjustment, or a formal hearing procedure, which may subject a student to the Code of Conduct's minimum one semester suspension requirement. XI. ATTENDANCE POLICY: The expectations for attending class are in accordance with the Graduate Catalogue. All students are expected to attend classes in accordance with the scheduled time of the course. Should you be absent, you are responsible for making up the work missed. In-class activities may not be made up. XII. COURSE OUTLINE: What follows is a tentative schedule (subject to change with notice). Course requirements and homework assignments are indicated on the chart below, but the weekly agendas will provide the specific due dates. Class Session 1 Topic 2 Class Introduction State of Adolescent Literacy for Students with Reading Difficulties/Disabilities Characteristics/manifesta tions of reading disabilities Response to Intervention (RTI): Core Components Secondary RTI 11 Assignment/Reading for Next Week Individual meeting with instructor (turn in knowledge assessment) Reading 3: Vaughn Denton: Chapter 1 Assignment Due Reading 1: Fuchs Reading 2: Allor COI Practice Guide #1 (all) Reading 4: Vaughn, Wexler IES Practice Guide: Recommendation 5 INED **** 3 Considerations: Assessment & MultiTiered Instruction Quiz #1: Trends and Issues, RTI, core components of reading Assessments for Adolescent Struggling/Disabled Readers & Intensifying Instruction Part I 4 5: Response to Reading #1 Lesson Sequence Common Core Standards Incorporating Assistive Technology Assignment 4,5,6 Explanation and Practice Activity Explicit Comprehension: “Before Reading”: Preview Strategy Demo #1: Preview Midpoint Participation Rating Explicit Vocabulary Denton: Chapter 8 IES Practice Guide: Recommendation 1 and 3 View and Evaluate #1 Response to Reading #2 IRIS CSR Module Vocabulary Vignette Denton: Chapter 7 (Main Idea) IES Practice Guide: Recommendation #2 View and Evaluate #2 View and Evaluate #1 Strategy Lesson Plan and Demo #1 IRIS Secondary Reading Module Quiz #2: Explicit Vocabulary and Intensifying Instruction Explicit Comprehension: “During Reading”: Get the Gist and Click and Clunk Strategy Demo #2: Get the Gist Denton: Chapter 7 (Question Generation) Vocabulary Vignette View and Evaluate #2 Assignment 7 Unit Materials: Before Reading Denton Chapter 7 (Summarization), Reading 7: Archer Strategy Lesson Plan and Demo #2 Strategy Lesson Plan and 8 Denton: Chapter 6,7 (Previewing Text) Reading 5: Vaughn & Edmonds Reading 6: Vaughn & Klingner (RR1) Intensifying Instruction Part II 7: Denton: Ch 2-5 6: COI Practice Guide #2: (pgs. 17-30) 12 INED **** Strategy Demo #3: Click and Clunk Explicit Comprehension: “After Reading”: Wrap Up: Generating Questions Assignment 3 Explanation 9: No class: Work on Assignment 3 10: Strategy Demo #4: Wrap Up “After Reading” Summarization Advanced Word Study 11: Advanced Word Study 12: 13: 14: Advanced Fluency Advanced Word Study and Fluency Quiz #3 Writing Interventions Participation Rating Wrap up: Key components of adolescent literacy/Reviewing a Reading Program 5 Attendance/ Promptness* *Excused absences not counted but if > 1 a make up assignment can/should be requested Level Of Engagement In (RR2) Comprehension Vignette Demo #3 Assignment 7 Unit Materials: During Reading Reading Response #2 Reading 8: Kieffer & Lessaux (RR3) Strategy Lesson Plan and Demo #4 Comprehension Vignette Reading Response #3 Denton: Chapter 9 Reading 9: Wexler (RR4) Denton: Chapter 10 Reading Response #4 Assignment 3 Assignment 7 Unit Materials: After Reading Participation Rubric Criteria 4 Points 3 0 Student is late or leaves early more than once or twice AND has more than one unexcused absence without completing make-up work. Student fails to contribute to Student is always prompt and regularly attends classes for the entire session. Student is late to class once or twice, OR leaves class early once or twice, but regularly attends classes for full session. Student is late or leaves early more than once or twice AND has missed one class Student routinely offers ideas and Student offers ideas and asks Student talks in small group 13 INED **** Class asks questions at least once per class – in large and small group discussions. questions at least once per class –in small group or large group but not both. Listening Skills Student listens when others talk, both in small groups and in class discussions. Student incorporates or builds off of the ideas of others. Student listens when others talk, both in small groups and in class discussions. She or he does not necessarily reflect on others’ comments. Student is almost always prepared for class with assignments and required class materials. Student is often prepared for class with assignments and required class materials. Preparation 14 discussions but does not share ideas with other groups. class by offering ideas or asking questions or engages in other activities (e.g., off-task use of computer). Student listens Student does when others talk, not listen when in small groups others talk. but does not Student may actively listen to interrupt when peers in class others speak or discussions – has does not know side what has been conversations or said (i.e., he or does not pay she may repeat attention. a question, not for clarity but because it was not heard). Student is rarely Student is not prepared for usually class with prepared for assignments and class with required class assignments materials. and required class materials. INED ****