European Plans and Views
European Roadmap
process
results
implementation
General Remarks
 a personal selection
R.-D. Heuer, Univ. Hamburg and DESY
P5 meeting SLAC, Feb 2008
The European Strategy for particle physics
The European Strategy for particle physics
The process:
CERN Council Strategy Group established
Open Symposium (Orsay, Jan 31/Feb 1, 2006)
Final Workshop (Zeuthen, May 2006)
Strategy Document approved unanimously
by Council July 14, 2006
Vocabulary
. . . .
. . . .
The European Strategy for particle physics
Unanimously approved by CERN Council July 14, 2006
LHC
L~1034
High Energy Colliders:
The Large Hadron Collider LHC
√s = 14 TeV
First beam / collisions summer 2008
Inauguration October 21, 2008
Accelerator needs expert manpower for commissioning
Nominal luminosity 1034 needs continued effort
(LHC and injector chain)
Detectors have staged components
 The initial phase (approved program) of
LHC experiments is not yet fully established
Experiments need manpower for commissioning
 The initial phase of LHC still needs
sustained international collaboration
CERN 2008 – 2011: 240 MSFr additional funding
Part will be used to guarantee
nominal performance (L~1034) of LHC:
e.g.
staged detector components (CERN part)
consolidation of injector chain
in international collaborations
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Is there a Higgs?
What is the Higgs mass?
Is the Higgs a SM-like weak doublet?
Is the Higgs elementary or composite?
Is the stability of MW / MP explained by a symmetry or
dynamical principle?
Is supersymmetry effective at the weak scale?
Will we discover DM at the LHC?
Are there extra dimensions? Are there new strong
forces?
Are there totally unexpected phenomena?
What is the mechanism of EW breaking?
Standard
Nearly
Standard
Not at all
Standard
The European Strategy for particle physics
one possible way : luminosity upgrade
sLHC
L~1035
CERN 2008 – 2011: 240 MSFr additional funding
will partly be used to gradually increase performance
of LHC, i.e. towards luminosity upgrade (L~1035) sLHC :
- New inner triplet -> towards L~2*1034
- New Linac (Linac4) -> towards L~5*1034
construction can/will start now  ~ 2012
- New PS (PS2 with double circumference)
- Superconducting Proton Linac (SPL)
start design now, ready for decision ~ 2011
aimed for L~1035 around 2016/17 if physics requires
- Detector R&D (seed money)
Important: international collaboration
CERN Linac4 and SPL
Phased construction: Linac4 to 160 MeV to feed PS Booster
Add ~350 m of SC RF to reach 3.5 GeV (possibly 5 GeV)
3.5 GeV compatible with β-beam and neutrino factory
beam power can be upgraded to 4 MW
MERIT (MERcury Intense Target)
experiment at CERN: successful
SPL :
much in common with Project X but at 1/2 frequency
review of parameters soon
sLHC
The European Strategy for particle physics
Initial phase of LHC will tell
which way nature wants us to go
Possible ways beyond LHC:
Doubling the energy (DLHC)
new machine, R&D on high field magnets ongoing
Electron-Positron Collider
ILC
CLIC
Electron-Proton Collider
LHeC
Part of the additional funding will also be used for
LC and high field magnet R&D
High Energy Colliders: CLIC (Ecm up to ~ 3TeV)
• High acceleration gradient: ~ 100 MV/m
CLIC TUNNEL
CROSS-SECTION
– “Compact” collider – total length < 50
km at 3 TeV
– Normal conducting acceleration
structures at high frequency
• Novel Two-Beam Acceleration Scheme
– Cost effective, reliable, efficient
– Simple tunnel, no active elements
– Modular, easy energy upgrade in
stages
QUAD
QUAD
POWER EXTRACTION
STRUCTURE
12 GHz – 140 MW
ACCELERATING
STRUCTURES
Main beam – 1 A, 200 ns
from 9 GeV to 1.5 TeV
BPM
4.5 m diameter
Drive beam - 95 A, 300 ns
from 2.4 GeV to 240 MeV
New CLIC main parameters
Center-of-mass energy
3 TeV
Peak Luminosity
7·1034 cm-2 s-1
Peak luminosity (in 1% of energy)
2·1034 cm-2 s-1
Repetition rate
Loaded accelerating gradient
50 Hz
100 MV/m
Main linac RF frequency
12 GHz
Overall two-linac length
41.7 km
Bunch charge
Beam pulse length
Average current in pulse
Hor./vert. normalized emittance
Hor./vert. IP beam size bef. pinch
4·109
200 ns
1A
660 / 20 nm rad
53 / ~1 nm
Total site length
48.25 km
Total power consumption
390 MW
Provisional values
High Energy Colliders: ILC (Ecm up to ~ 1TeV)
X-FEL at DESY
a 10% ILC and 800 MEuros Test Facility!
3.4km
Technically ready, start construction soon for operation from 2012/13
Strategy to address LC key issues
• Key issues common to all Linear Collider studies
independently of the chosen technology in close
collaboration between ILC and CLIC
– The Accelerator Test Facility (ATF@KEK)
– European Laboratories in the frame of the Coordinated Accelerator
Research in Europe (CARE) and of a “Design Study” (EUROTeV)
funded by EU Framework Programme (FP6)
– New proposal to be submitted to the EU Framework
Programme (FP7) this month comprising LC and LHC
Strategy to address LC key issues
Recent progress: much closer collaboration
first meeting: two weeks ago
CLIC
collaboration
GDE
ILC
issues
CLIC
issues
?
RD
detector/physics
issues
ILC Detector challenges:
calorimeter
ZHH g qqbbbb
red:
track based
green:
calorimeter based
High precision
measurements
demand new approach
to the reconstruction:
particle flow (i.e.
reconstruction of ALL
individual particles)
this requires
unprecedented
granularity
in three dimensions
R&D needed now
for key components
MSSM parameters from global fit
LHC and LC
 only possible with information from BOTH colliders
Dark Matter and SUSY
• Is dark matter linked to the Lightest Supersymmetric Particle?
LC and satellite data
(WMAP and Planck):
complementary views
of dark matter.
LC: identify DM
particle, measures its
mass;
Neutralinos is
not the full story
WMAP/Planck:
sensitive to total
density of dark
matter.
Together with LHC
they establish the
nature of dark
matter.
Synergy of colliders:
Time evolution of
experimental limits on
the Higgs boson mass
LEP,SLD,
Tevatron…
top
indirect
direct
knowledge obtained
only through combination
of results from different
accelerator types
in particular:
Lepton and Hadron Collider
MH between 114 and ~200 GeV
Recent development:
ECFA endorsed a series
of workshop for the
study of ep collisions
in LHC
Large Hadron electron Collider
Large Hadron electron Collider: possible layouts
40 - 140 GeV
on
1 - 7 TeV
ring-ring solution:
L ≤ 1033
linac-ring solution:
L few 1031
Would be the successor
of HERA at higher cms
HERA: 1992 – 2007
H1
HERMES
HERA-b
ZEUS
More than 1,000 Physicists
About 800 Ph.D.s
About 350 Physics Publications
HEP in Germany – Future Challenges
- End of HERA: -> turning point for HEP in Germany
- End of HERA: -> turning point for HEP at DESY
- Particle physics at the energy frontier is becoming global in all its
areas
Stay competitive with high impact  restructure HEP in D
Join all forces of complementary excellence in all areas (analysis,
computing, detector, accelerator) in a long-lasting structure and
strong sustained infrastructures
 new role to be assumed by DESY particle physics
R.-D. Heuer, DESY, Research Director HEP
P5 meeting SLAC, Feb 2008
Alliance
Physics at the Terascale
Network
of complementary excellence
between
2 Helmholtz Centres
DESY and FZK (GridKa)
17 Universities
all German Institues
working at energy frontier
1 Max Planck Institute
Munich
Key Elements
Instrumentation at the
Technology Frontier
Particle Physics at the
Energy Frontier
Physics Analysis
Detector Development
GRID Computing
Accelerator Science
Key Elements
Particle Physics at the
Energy Frontier
DESY:
Analysis Centre
(HERA->LHC->ILC
Theory)
Instrumentation at the
Technology Frontier
Physics Analysis
DESY:
Infrastructure
Engineering
R&D for (s)LHC
R&D for ILC
Detector Development
DESY:
TIER 2,
National Analysis
Facility
GRID Computing
DESY:
Infrastructure
R&D
Lectures, courses
Accelerator Science
DESY is assuming a new role for particle physics in Germany
Physics at the Terascale
Physics Analysis
Work Packages
Scientific Goals
Data Analysis
Grid Computing
Detector Science
Accelerator Science
Improved Grid
ILC Detectors
Optimizing the ILC
• Virtualization
• Application-driven monitoring
• Development of NAF tools
• Vertex Detector
• Tracking
• Calorimetry
• Forward Detectors
• Acceleration Technology
• Sources
• Beam Dynamics
Data Storage + Retrieval
(s)LHC Detectors
• Mass storage
• Data Access
• Vertex Detectors
• Tracking
• Trigger
• Luminosity Monitor
Analysis Network
Virtual Computing Centre
• Alliance Working Groups
• Monte Carlo Group
• Virtual Theory Institute
• Tier 2
• National Analysis Facility
• High performance network
Virtual Detector Lab
Analysis Centre at DESY
R&D on Grid Tools:
• Understanding LHC Detectors
• Physics at the LHC
• The path to the ILC
Analysis Tools
• Algorithms and Techniques
• Simulation Tools
Theory/Phenomenology
• Monte Carlo Generators
• Precise Predictions
• New Models
• Mass storage
• Collaborative & Interactive tools
• User friendliness
Training and Exchange
• VLSI & Electronics
• Support Sensor Design &
Characterization
• Detectors Systems Support
R&D Projects
Advancing Accelerator
Science
R&D Projects
Grid Training
Backbone
Activities
Physics
at the Terascale
Management – Young Investigator Groups - Fellowships – Equal Opportunities – Outreach – Interim Professorships
neutrino
sector
The European Strategy for particle physics
ICFA
Absolute neutrino mass scale
• Direct measurement
– KATRIN
• Indirect measurement
– 0nbb
» Should reach
~0.2 eV
» 2016?
Neutrino beam CERN -> Gran Sasso
tau-neutrino appearance
OPERA
A hybrid emulsion
and tracking detector
5 yrs
data taking
Goal: Verify that the nm
are oscillating into nt
Pb target 1.8 kton
CNGS:
Beam <En> ≈ 17 GeV
Baseline 732 km
Expected event rate:
~3600 n NC+CC /kton/year
~16 nt CC /kton/year
(for sin22q23=1, m322=2.5x10-3 eV2)
LAr detector
ICARUS
to demonstrate feasibility for future
neutrino projects
Intro
12 Sector
23 Sector
13 Sector
Double Chooz
Mass
Summary
Θ13
•
•
•
Final stages of R&D
Detector construction starts this year
First data taking expected to start in 2008 with far
detector
– Get down to sin22Θ13 < 0.06 in 1.5 years
•
Start taking data with both detectors
2010
0.28inkm
1.05 km
– Get down to sin22Θ13 < 0.025 in 3 years
Near Far
Suekane DBD07
Steve Brice
Fermilab
Neutrino Factory
International Scoping Study (ISS):
• Proton driver
– Primary beam on
aim:
have RDR
by 2012 when first indications
production
target
Θ13 should
be available from either
• Target,ofcapture
channel
T2K
or Double-Chooz
– Create
, decay
to µ
• Cooling
– Reduce transverse
emittance
• Muon acceleration
– ~130 MeV to 20-50 GeV
• Decay ring(s)
Store for ~500 turns
Long production straights
Muon Ionisation Cooling
Experiment (MICE at RAL)
Expect to demonstrate ionisation cooling by 2011
in time for RDR for Neutrino Factory
Major development
programme of high
gradient RF cavities in
solenoid magnetic
fields
Flavour
physics
The European Strategy for particle physics
A new idea by P.Raimondi...
Allowing further beam focusing at IP by reducing
the interaction region of the colliding bunches
•
•
•
•
Ultra-low emittance
Very small b at IP
Large crossing angle
“Crab Waist” scheme
1) Head-on,
Short bunches
sx
sz
•
•
•
•
Small collision area
Lower b is possible
NO parasitic crossings
NO synchro-betatron
resonances due to crossing
angle
Overlap region
(1) and (2) have same
Luminosity, but (2) has
longer bunches and
smaller sx
2) Large crossing angle,
long bunches
sz
Large Piwinski angle:
F = tg(q)sz/sx
sx
Regional effort
- External in-kind contributions
- Luminosity goal
1036 and beyond
- First test of crab-waist scheme
under way at Frascati
- Earliest start 2014/15
Presently under first review
Outlook: B factories, LHCb, Super B
with LHCb at 10 fb-1
Now
LHCb
B factory
without LHCb
Super B
(from D. Bryman, last P5 meeting)
P326/NA62 at CERN
Proposal in 2005
Physics motivations for K+→π+nn
•Theoretically very clean
• Sensitive to Vtd
• Very sensitive to New Physics
P326 goal : 10% measurement (100 events)
Present (E787/949): BR(K++nn) = 1.47×10-10 with 3 events
2006-2007: R&D, test beam
2008-2010: Construction
2011: start data-taking
Funding not fully secured yet
MEG (at PSI)
meg
– Lepton flavor violating process
– Clear evidence of new physics beyond SM
– Explore SUSY-GUT/seesaw
MEG sensitivity Br(m->eg) ~ 10-13
MEGA Br(m->eg) ~ 1.2x10-11
Run 2007
First half: complete beam tuning and COBRA spectrometer run
Second half: start full MEG run as soon as calorimeter is ready
Mid-2007 – 2009
MEG full DAQ
2010 –
Detector upgrade / decay positron angular measurement
The European Strategy for particle physics
already happening
being established
these months
important task in
the next years
General Remarks -1Turn on of LHC
entering an exciting phase of particle physics
at the highest collision energies ever
Expect
- revolutionary advances in understanding the microcosm
- changes to our view of the early Universe
CERN
unique position as host for the LHC
But
LHC is a collaborative effort and needs
sustained efforts from all partners to make it a success
General Remarks -2Results from LHC will guide the way
Expect
- period for decision taking on next steps in 2010 to 2012
- (similar situation concerning neutrino sector 13)
Need
-R&D and technical design work now to enable these
decisions and is ongoing for several projects
- global collaboration and stability on long timescales
(remember: first workshop on LHC was 1984)
- intensified efforts
How ?
General Remarks -3Collaboration in network of HEP laboratories/institutes
in Europe, Americas, Asia
Mandatory to have accelerator laboratories in all regions
as partners in accelerator development / construction /
commissiong / exploitation
Planning and execution of HEP projects today
need global partnership
Use the exciting times ahead to establish such a partnership