ESA provides 2 nd experimental facility
• expands FACET’s science capabilities
• improves operational efficiency
• increases cost effectiveness of the investment
M. Woods, SLAC DOE FACET Review, Feb. 19, 2008
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End Station A Facility
• Experimental Hall and Counting House
• Operational Modes & Beam Parameters
Science
• Accelerator science and beam instrumentation w/ primary electron beam
• Activation, residual dose rates and materials damage studies w/ beam dump tests
• Detector R&D using secondary electrons and hadrons
• Particle Astrophysics Detectors and Techniques
Recent Experiments
ESA Program starting in 2011
→ FACET-ESA provides unique science capabilities!
M. Woods, SLAC DOE FACET Review, Feb. 19, 2008
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M. Woods, SLAC DOE FACET Review, Feb. 19, 2008
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• ESA is large (60m x 35m x 20m)
• 50 (and 10) ton crane
• Electrical power, cooling water
• DAQ system for beam and magnet data
M. Woods, SLAC DOE FACET Review, Feb. 19, 2008
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*Dimensions given in ft
• Primary beam experiments inside concrete bunker
• Beam dump experiments inside concrete bunker
(or in Beam Dump East beamline)
• Secondary electrons for Detector Tests in open region after the concrete bunker
M. Woods, SLAC DOE FACET Review, Feb. 19, 2008
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 Calibrated entire ANITA balloon flight antenna array; major contribution to the experiment!

First observation of the Askaryan effect in ice
 Results published in Phys.Rev.Lett.99:171101,2007
 illustrates capability of ESA Test Beam Facility
M. Woods, SLAC DOE FACET Review, Feb. 19, 2008
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ILC Program 2006 – 2007 (+ 2008?)
Detector R&D
Particle Astrophysics
Activation, Residual Dose Rates & Materials Damage Studies
M. Woods, SLAC DOE FACET Review, Feb. 19, 2008
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• (L,E,P) measurements: Luminosity, Energy, Polarization
•
Forward Region Detectors
• Collimation and Backgrounds
• Interaction Region (IR) Engineering: Magnets, Crossing Angle
• EMI (electro-magnetic interference) in IR
• Collimator Wakefield Studies
• Energy spectrometer prototypes
• IR background studies for IP BPMs
• EMI studies
• RF BPM prototypes for ILC Linac
• Bunch length diagnostics for ILC
M. Woods, SLAC DOE FACET Review, Feb. 19, 2008
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BPM energy spectrometer (T-474/491)
Synch Stripe energy spectrometer (T-475)
Collimator design, wakefields (T-480)
Bunch length diagnostics (T-487)
IP BPMs —background studies (T-488)
LCLS beam to ESA (T490)
Linac BPM prototypes
EMI (electro-magnetic interference)
+ SiD KPiX Test during T-492
M. Woods, SLAC http://www-project.slac.stanford.edu/ilc/testfac/ESA/esa.html
DOE FACET Review, Feb. 19, 2008
M. Woods, SLAC
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50 Participants from 16 institutions at SLAC in 2006/07 for this program
Birmingham U., Cambridge U., Daresbury, DESY, Dubna, Fermilab,
Lancaster U., LLNL, Manchester U., Notre Dame U., Oxford U.,
Royal Holloway U., SLAC, UC Berkeley, UC London, U. of Oregon
Wakefield Studies from MCC
T-474 and EMI Test Users in ESA Counting House
M. Woods, SLAC DOE FACET Review, Feb. 19, 2008
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Wakefield box Wire Scanners “IP BPMs” T-488 blue=FY06 red=new in FY07 rf BPMs
T-487: long. bunch profile
18 feet
Ceramic gap for EMI studies
Dipoles + Wiggler
 able to run several experiments interleaved in a compatible setup
 typically rotate which experiment has priority every 2-3 shifts during a 2-3 week run
M. Woods, SLAC DOE FACET Review, Feb. 19, 2008
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• ILC needs precision energy measurements,
50-200 ppm, e.g. for Higgs boson and top quark mass measurements
• BPM & synchrotron stripe spectrometers evaluated in a common 4-magnet chicane.
BPM Energy Spectrometer
U. Cambridge, DESY, Dubna,
Royal Holloway, SLAC, UC Berkeley,
UC London, U. of Notre Dame
Synch Stripe Spectrometer
U. of Oregon, SLAC
BPM 3,5
D1 D2
BPM 4,7
D3
Vertical
Wiggler
BPM 9-11
Wiggler synchrotron stripe
Detector is downstream
D4
Energy Scan measured with Chicane BPMs
For BPM spectrometer
• d
E/E=100ppm → d x= 500nm, at BPMs 4,7
Dipole B-field ~ 1kGauss
 these are same as for ILC design
M. Woods, SLAC DOE FACET Review, Feb. 19, 2008
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S-Band BPM Design
(36 mm ID, 126 mm OD)
Q~500 for single bunch resolution at ILC
550nm BPM res.
M. Woods, SLAC DOE FACET Review, Feb. 19, 2008 y5 (mm)
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x y
Run 2499-2500
M. Woods, SLAC
BPMs 1-2 BPMs 3,5 BPMs 4,7 BPMs 9-11
Wake-
Field
Box
Chicane region
30 meters
 use BPMs 1,2 and 3,5 and 9-11 to fit straight line
• predict beam position at BPMs 4
• plot residual of BPM 4 wrt predicted position
*0.5
m m → 100 ppm
“error” bars shown are rms resolution
→ investigating long-term (hours) stability at sub-micron level; study dependence on beam parameters and environment (temperature, magnetic fields) and electronics stability
→ stability studies important for Linac BPM and quad magnetic center stability requirements
(also of interest for system of 40 RF BPMs for LCLS undulators)
DOE FACET Review, Feb. 19, 2008
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BPM Spectrometer:
• establish BPM calibration procedure and frequency
• establish energy spectrometer calibration procedure and frequency
(requires reversing chicane polarity)
• can luminosity be delivered during calibrations?
• establish requirements for temperature stability, vibrations from water systems
Synchrotron Stripe Spectrometer:
• still need to demonstrate proof-of-principle with quartz fiber detectors; will need 24 GeV beam rather than 12 GeV beam
• study concept using visible light detection; hope to test in 2008
Both systems:
• want to compare results from the 2 systems; do they agree?
• is 50 ppm accuracy achievable?
• tests evolve from concepts to prototypes to qualifying production components
→ need tests prior to completion of ILC beam delivery system
M. Woods, SLAC DOE FACET Review, Feb. 19, 2008
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Collimators remove beam halo, but excite wakefields.
Goal: determine optimal collimator material and geometry
→ Beam Tests address achieving design luminosity
→ effects determine collimation depth and radius of vertex detector
Collaborating Institutions : U. of Birmingham,
CCLRC-ASTeC + engineering, CERN, DESY,
Manchester U., Lancaster U., SLAC, TEMF TU
2 doublets
BPM
~40m
BPM
M. Woods, SLAC
BPM
Two triplets
BPM
Vertical mover
DOE FACET Review, Feb. 19, 2008
15m
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2 doublets
BPM
~40m
BPM
M. Woods, SLAC
BPM
Two triplets
BPM
Vertical mover
DOE FACET Review, Feb. 19, 2008
15m
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Col. 6 a
=
166 r = 1.4 mm
Col. 12 a
= 166 mrad r = 1.4 mm
• Collimator 6 was also measured in Run 1, with consistent result.
• Collimator 12 is identical to 6 for taper angle and gap, but it has a 2.1cm flat section
• A total of 15 different collimator geometries were tested in 2006 and 2007
(differing taper angles, gaps, length of flat sections, materials and surface roughness)
M. Woods, SLAC DOE FACET Review, Feb. 19, 2008
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Comparing with Analytic Calculations and 3-d modelling:
• consistency with existing data varies from 10% level to a factor of
2 disagreement depending on geometry
• goal is to accurately model wakefield effects to 10%
• in some cases better modeling is needed; but also need more accurate data for some geometries as well as new data for different geometries and materials
Broad interest in Wakefield tests:
• relevant for linear colliders, LHC, low emittance light sources
Future measurements:
• best done with low energy beams; desire for relatively low emittance and short, well understood bunch lengths
• bunch lengths may be too long for FACET-ESA to be very useful;
→ can do these experiments at ASF
• later upgrade for an RF gun at the injector would enable these tests in ESA
(+ in general an RF gun would add significant capability to ESA program, providing significantly smaller transverse and longitudinal emittances)
M. Woods, SLAC DOE FACET Review, Feb. 19, 2008
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KPiX readout chip is being developed at SLAC for SiD concept.
• 1000-channel ASIC design to read out entire Si wafer or pixel detector
• Si-W ECal, Si Outer Tracker, GEM HCal, (Muons?)
• 32x32=1024 channels; currently a 2x32 prototype
• Pulsed-power operation delivers 20μW/channel average with ILC timing
2007 beam test used 3 planes of Si (50 m m width) m strip sensors
(spare from CDF Layer 00)
ESA beamline setup
KPiX
Local DAQ board w/ FPGA; fiber bundle to detector, and
USB to local PC w/ ethernet
Future development & tests needed:
• 1000 channels
• KPiX on new sensors
M. Woods, SLAC
• bump bonding
• sensor resolution
DOE FACET Review, Feb. 19, 2008
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Detector Tests:
• T-469 (ESA 2006-7): Focusing DIRC for particle ID, and very precise TOF detectors aimed at 10ps timing resolution (motivated by Super-B)
Radiation Physics and Materials Damage Tests:
• T-489 (ESA 2007) – activation and residual dose rates of materials compare with MARS and FLUKA simulation codes
• T-493 (ESA 2007) – LCLS undulator beam-induced demagnetization studies
Particle Astrophysics Detectors and Techniques:
• GLAST (ESA 2000) – LAT Tower (anti-coincidence detector, silicon tracker and calorimeter) calibration and system integration using secondary positrons, hadrons and tagged photons
• FLASH experiment (2002-2004 in FFTB) measured fluorescence yields in electromagnetic showers to help calibrate air shower detectors for ultra-high energy cosmic rays (used primary beam)
• Askaryan effect (FFTB 2002): demonstrated a radio Cherenkov signal from Askaryan effect for detectors proposed to detect ultra-high energy neutrinos; used primary electron beam
• ANITA (ESA 2006): calibrated the entire balloon flight array and made the first observation of the Askaryan effect in ice; used primary electron beam
M. Woods, SLAC DOE FACET Review, Feb. 19, 2008
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Setup
Analysis
 gamma spectroscopy for many isotopes
 residual dose rates versus time
 tritium activity
M. Woods, SLAC DOE FACET Review, Feb. 19, 2008
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• test different target materials
• test different geometry configurations
• instrumentation tests and calibration
• radiation hardness for electronics and materials
 broad interest for these studies in high radiation environments at different accelerators
 needed for both accelerator and detector components
M. Woods, SLAC DOE FACET Review, Feb. 19, 2008
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Operational Modes:
• ESA operation simultaneous with ASF using pulsed magnets
• ESA access and experimental setup while ASF in operation
• ASF access prevents beam to ESA, but can access ASF for experimental setup during day and run ESA beam at night
Beam Parameters:
• Primary Beam for Accelerator Science, Beam Instrumentation and
Beam Dump experiments
• Secondary electrons and hadrons for Detector R&D
M. Woods, SLAC DOE FACET Review, Feb. 19, 2008
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Parameter
Repetition Rate
Energy
Bunch Charge
Bunch Length
Energy Spread ge x
, ge y
(mm-mrad)
Dispersion ( h and h ’)
“PEP-II” operation
10 Hz
28.5 GeV
2.0 x 10 10
300-1000 m m
0.2%
300, 15
0 (<10mm)
FACET Proposal
10-30 Hz
12 GeV* up to 3.5 x 10 10 (single bunch), up to 5 x 10 11 (400ns bunch train)
(1-5) mm
0.4%
150, 15
0 (<10mm)
*24 GeV possible with later upgrade, moving extraction point to Sector 18
M. Woods, SLAC DOE FACET Review, Feb. 19, 2008
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 Electron rates from single particle up to 10 5 per pulse
 2-10 GeV momentum range
 precise (0.1%) momentum analysis using A-line as a spectrometer
 rms spotsize in ESA ~3mm
Production : insert a valve in EBL for a low intensity beam of ~10 9 .
Insertable valve
Other possibilities: i) higher intensities of 12 GeV electrons: collimate a low intensity,
M. Woods, SLAC large energy spread beam with A-line momentum slits (cover range from ~10 6 up to full intensity) ii) set A-line to accept positrons. (may be possible to design PPS
DOE FACET Review, Feb. 19, 2008 to allow ESA occupancy during beam on operation?)
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Be Target : 0.43 r.l; 1.5-deg production angle
PC28 : 6 m sr geometric acceptance
C37 : up to 11% momentum acceptance; adjustable
Q38 : corrects dispersion at detector in ESA
Q29,Q30 : control spotsize in ESA (ongoing studies indicate need for additional
2 quads in ESA; use Q29,Q30 for waist at C37). Expect to achieve
~1cm rms spotsize at detector location in ESA
M. Woods, SLAC DOE FACET Review, Feb. 19, 2008
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Measured and predicted (curves) particle fluxes of secondary beams from SLAC Report 160.
(pulse length is 1.6 m s, so 1mA corresponds to
10 10 electrons/pulse)
Beam Energy
Production Target
Production Angle
Acceptance
SLAC-R-160 FACET-ESA
19.5 GeV 12 GeV
0.87 r.l. Be
1.5deg
30 m sr,
4%
D p/p
0.43 r.l. Be
1.5deg
6 m sr,
11%
D p/p
M. Woods, SLAC DOE FACET Review, Feb. 19, 2008
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Measured and predicted (curves) particle fluxes of secondary beams from SLAC Report 160.
(pulse length is 1.6 m s, so 1mA corresponds to
10 10 electrons/pulse)
Beam Energy
Production Target
Production Angle
Acceptance
SLAC-R-160 FACET-ESA
19.5 GeV 12 GeV
0.87 r.l. Be
1.5deg
30 m sr,
4%
D p/p
0.43 r.l. Be
1.5deg
6 m sr,
11%
D p/p
→ expect rates up to ~10 pions/pulse per 10 10 electrons on target
→ rates for kaons and protons x10-50 less
M. Woods, SLAC
3.7 6 8 10
Naïve scaling for FACET
(+ yields should be reduced by ~x2.5)
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1. Linear Colliders, Accelerator Science & Beam Instrumentation
 primary beam experiments
 need to evaluate both cold (ILC) and warm (ex. CLIC) linear colliders; ex. demonstrate beam instrumentation capabilities to resolve beam parameter time dependence along a 200-300ns train
Experiments
• BPMs + other typical accelerator instrumentation such as toroids
• MDI components and instrumentation: energy spectrometers, polarimeters, forward region detectors, luminosity detectors, beam halo detectors
• tests requiring large amount of space: mockups of IR components, long baseline BPM or quad tests for vibration and stability studies
• tests that don’t require ultra-small or ultra-short beams
M. Woods, SLAC DOE FACET Review, Feb. 19, 2008
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Parameter
Repetition Rate
Energy
Bunch Charge rms Bunch Length rms Energy Spread
Bunches/Train
Bunch spacing
Train length
ILC
(cold)
5Hz
250 GeV
2.0 x 10 10
300 m m
0.1%
2670
300ns
1ms
X-band
(warm)
120 Hz
250 GeV
0.75 x 10 10
110 m m
0.2%
192
2.8ns
300ns
CLIC
(warm)
100 Hz
250 GeV
0.37 x 10 10
30 m m
0.35%
312
0.5ns
150ns
FACET
Proposal
10-30 Hz
12 GeV*
(0.2 – 2.0) x 10 10
1000 m m
0.4%
1 (up to 1200**)
- (0.3ns**)
- (up to 400ns**)
*24 GeV possible with later upgrade, moving extraction point to Sector 18
** long pulse operation can give 400-ns train with 0.3ns bunch spacing and total charge up to 5 x 10 11 (other bunch spacings may also be possible)
 only place in the world to do this!
M. Woods, SLAC DOE FACET Review, Feb. 19, 2008
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2. Advanced Detector R&D with secondary electrons and hadrons
• Linear Colliders, LHC detectors, Super-B, …
• large scale mockups and integration tests possible
 precise momentum definition for electrons
 precise timing
 multiple particles coincident in time, and high-density electron rates possible
3. Activation, Residual Dose Rates and Materials Damage Studies
• additional data needed for accelerator and detector components at linear colliders, LHC and light sources
• data needed to tune and validate simulation codes such as MARS and FLUKA
• data needed for environmental impact in high radiation environments
4. Tests for Particle Astrophysics Detectors and Techniques
• calibrating instruments and testing new detector concepts with test beams will continue to be essential for experiments in high energy particle astrophysics
The FACET-ESA facility will attract and service a wide range of users!
M. Woods, SLAC DOE FACET Review, Feb. 19, 2008
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(from “Roadmap for ILC Detector R&D Test Beams” document)
+ significant test beam needs for LHC upgrade, SuperB if it proceeds, …
 CERN and Fermilab have the most capability for energy range and particle species
 FACET-ESA at SLAC can provide an important additional U.S. facility
M. Woods, SLAC DOE FACET Review, Feb. 19, 2008
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SPS: 4 Test Beamlines
PS: 4 Test Beamlines
PS test beams: 28 weeks requested
• ~43% LHC & LHC upgrade
SPS test beams: 23.5 weeks requested
• ~52% LHC & LHC upgrade
• ~35% external users
DOE FACET Review, Feb. 19, 2008
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(from P.Schacht at IDTB2007 Workshop)
Typically 3 phases of testbeam activities:
• prototype tests
• quality control + validation of performance requirements
• full calibration of final calorimeter; wedge tests
 Phase 2 hardware (read-out electronics, cabling, calibration) and software
(reconstruction algorithms, calibration modes) should be close as possible to final
 Phase 3 hardware and software have to be final versions
 Transition regions – cracks between calorimeters, dead material, etc. – important:
• optimize correction procedures, validate MC geometry + hadronic shower models
M. Woods, SLAC DOE FACET Review, Feb. 19, 2008
ATLAS wedge test
35

M. Woods, SLAC
(from E. Ramberg at IDTB2007 Workshop)
Energy (GeV) Present Hadron Rate
MT6SC2 per 1E12
Protons
Estimated Rate in New Design
(dp/p 2%)
~6 m 4
8
1
2
16
---
---
~700
~5K
~20K
~1500
~50K
~200K
~1.5M
~4M
Plans for CALICE Setup
ECAL
Electronic Racks
Spill structure
• one (1-4)s spill every 2 minutes
• possibility for 1ms “pings” at 5Hz during spill
• 3MHz bunch structure possible
36

ESA strength
ESA satisfies many of the desired capabilities for a test beam facility
M. Woods, SLAC DOE FACET Review, Feb. 19, 2008
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FACET provides unique capabilities w/ a high energy, high intensity electron beam
ESA provides a large flexible facility with excellent infrastructure to accommodate a wide range of experiments:
• accelerator science and beam instrumentation tests that do not require spotsizes below 100 microns or bunch lengths below 1mm
• advanced detector R&D with high quality secondary electron beams and a general purpose pion beam; good applicability for a linear collider, for
LHC upgrades or for Super-B
• beam dump experiments for activation, dose rate and materials damage studies
• detector R&D for high energy astrophysics instruments
• variable flux of electrons available from single particles to moderate intensities for high rate detectors (ex. very forward BeamCAL detectors at a linear collider) to full primary beam power
 Inclusion of ESA in the FACET proposal broadens the science capabilities.
• interleaved experiments in 2 facilities improve efficiency and cost effectiveness
• choice to do experiments in ASF or ESA
FACET can build on a long, rich history of successful test beam and small experiments in End Station A.
M. Woods, SLAC DOE FACET Review, Feb. 19, 2008
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M. Woods, SLAC DOE FACET Review, Feb. 19, 2008
39

no radiation (chromatic) input level (from DR)
M. Woods, SLAC
At 12 GeV, expect ge x ge y
= 150 mm-mrad
= 15 mm-mrad
DOE FACET Review, Feb. 19, 2008
40

LiTrack simulation results for bunch length and energy spread:
N e
= 0.75∙10
E = 12 GeV
10
Large R56 (=0.465m) for A-line and relatively large energy spread at low energy result in large bunch lengths in ESA.
M. Woods, SLAC DOE FACET Review, Feb. 19, 2008
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