Kavli Institute for Particle
Astrophysics and Cosmology
SLUO Annual Meeting
Sept 12 2006
Roger D. Blandford
12 ix 06
SLUO
1
KIPAC
*
*
*
*
*
12 ix 06
Events 2005-6
Transitions
Science Highlights
Project Progress
Computational Astrophysics
SLUO
2
Events 2005-6
12 ix 06
SLUO
3
FKB Dedication
*
*
*
*
March 17 2006
3yr. after Inauguration
Reps Eshoo & Honda
Fred Kavli speech in
Congressional Record
12 ix 06
SLUO
4
Physics-Astrophysics Building
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
Complete July
Move August
Share w HEPL
2 floors labs
2 floors offices
Campus center
Retain offices on 2nd, 3rd floor Varian
Fast link with FKB
Primary offices, secondary space
12 ix 06
SLUO
5
Transitions
12 ix 06
SLUO
6
Personnel
*
*
*
*
12 ix 06
33 Full Members
6 Associate Members
20 Postdocs
36 students (including rotators and students of members)
SLUO
7
Transitions
* Departures
– Five postdocs have faculty positions!
• Frolov, [Lyutikov], Peterson, Sako, Spitkovsky
– Marshall->UCSB TABASGO Fellowship
– Baltz->SLAC
– Three grad students -> postdocs
* Arrivals
– Offer to joint theory assistant professor
– Jha - Panofsky Fellow
– Eight new postdocs (three GLAST)
• Alvarez, Escala, Funk, Kazantzides, Nagataki, Oguri, Paneque, Stawarz
– Seven new grad students admits declare interest in astrophysics
12 ix 06
SLUO
8
Risa Wechsler
* Assistant Professor 9/06– SLAC and Physics
* Research interests
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Assembly history and structure of galaxies and dark matter halos
Evolution of galaxy properties as a function of environment
Evolution of halo occupation and galaxy clustering
Cosmological constraints from cluster abundance and clustering
Constraining the mass distribution and galaxy content of clusters
Galaxy formation at high redshift
Long term dynamics of the universe
extracting cosmology and galaxy formation from large galaxy surveys
Sloan Digital Sky Survey, Dark Energy Survey, DEEP2
* Contribute to LSST science
* Experience in Education and Outreach
12 ix 06
SLUO
9
Future Faculty Searches
* Highest priority -junior experimentalist
– All fields
– Campus labs
– SLAC infrastructure
* Also hope to search in High Energy Astrophysics
experiment/science (inc GLAST)
12 ix 06
SLUO
10
Science Highlights
12 ix 06
SLUO
11
The Science of
KIPAC
* Particle Astrophysics
–
–
–
–
–
Black Holes, Neutron Stars, White Dwarfs…
GRBs, magnetars, supernovae…
Accretion disks and jets…
Relativistic shocks, particle acceleration, UHECR…
Solar Physics
* Cosmology
–
–
–
–
–
–
Dark energy, dark matter
Gravitational lenses
Clusters of galaxies and intergalactic medium
Microwave background observations
First stars, galaxy formation
Supernovae
12 ix 06
SLUO
12
SDSS-II Supernova Survey
SN2005hk SN2005ja
Ia-pec
z=0.0131
Ia
z=0.322
Successful 2005 run:
spectroscopically confirmed 120 type Ia
(+12 probable Ia) SNe in the “redshift
desert”
Hobby-Eberly Telescope:
confirmed 40 high-z Ia (z > 0.2)
highest z=0.42
Analysis underway
Second year data coming in.
Masao
Roger Blandford, Steve Kahn
12 ix 06Sako, Roger Romani, Chen Zheng,SLUO
13
Black Holes are Green
By studying the inner regions of nine elliptical galaxies with Chandra, Steve
Allen and colleagues have measured the rate at which hot gas accretes onto
massive black holes in the nuclei of elliptical galaxies to form outflowing jets
which create huge cavities in the surrounding gas.
They were able to compute
the efficiency of the black
holes which is
impressively high, ~0.02.
This research was the
subject of a recent NASA
Space Science Update.
NGC 4696
12 ix 06
SLUO
14
Bullet Cluster
(Marusa Bradac et al)
* Colliding clusters
* Observes stars (light) and
gas (X-rays)
* Measure distribution of
dark matter (lensing)
* Dark matter follows the
stars
* Gas left behind
Dark matter observed
and is collisionless
12 ix 06
QuickTime™ and a
Sorenson Video 3 decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
SLUO
15
The “warm-hot” intergalactic medium
Roughly half of the baryons in the local
universe is thought to exist in the
form of warm-hot intergalactic gas.
Chandra observations of the nearby BL
Lac object Mrk 421appeared to
show absorption lines from highly
ionized Oxygen.
An analysis of a longer XMM-Newton
observation by Rasmussen, Kahn
et al showed that these features are
probably spurious so that this gas
has not yet been discovered.
12 ix 06
SLUO
16
KIPAC Observational Program
* KIPAC members very successful in getting
observing time on HST, Chandra, XMM-Newton,
Astro-E2, Swift, VLBA…
* Supernova research program on Hobby-Eberly
Telescope - Joined Sloan survey project
* Multi-wavelength observations for GLAST- VIPS
* Building experience with handling large astronomical
datasets to enable us to work in the LSST
environment
12 ix 06
SLUO
17
Swift observations of long GRBs
A two component jet
model fit to the Xray light curve of
gamma-ray burst
050315, designed to
explain the flat
decay phase. This
has implications for
the efficiency and
energy budget of
GRBs, as well as for
the physics of
collisionless
relativistic shocks.
12 ix 06
Granot et al
SLUO
18
Pulsar magnetospheres
* 3D simulation of the
structure of magnetic
field in force-free
approximation. This is a
classic problem first
posed by Scharlemann
and Wagoner in 1971
and is now solved. It can
be used to predict the
gamma ray emission
that will be seen by
GLAST.
Spitkovsky
12 ix 06
SLUO
19
3D Relativistic MHD simulation of
Black Hole Accretion Disk
* This is what a distant
observer would see if she
could image the inner parts
of the disk as may be
possible one day.
* The inner ring is a
gravitationally lensed image
of the accretion torus
produced as light orbits the
black hole on its path to the
observer.
12 ix 06
SLUO
Fuerst
20
This Afternoon
* Ted Baltz:
– Dark Matter from ILC, astronomy, CDMS3, GLAST….
* Tom Abel:
– Numerical simulations of the formation of the first stars in the
universe
12 ix 06
SLUO
21
Project Progress
12 ix 06
SLUO
22
GLAST-LAT
* Shipped from SLAC May 2006
* LAT Team meeting in Stockholm
* Environmental testing complete at
NRL
* Delivery to Observatory
Integration next week
* Beam test (CERN) completed next
week
* Beam test at GSI in November
2006
* 1st GLAST Symposium Stanford
Feb 2007
* Fall 2007 Launch from KFC
* SCIENCE!!!!
12 ix 06
SLUO
23
*
GLAST ISOC Development
Rob Cameron
Operations systems
–
–
*
Science systems
–
*
ISOC participating in GLAST ground
system tests with NASA
•
Next GLAST operations test scheduled
for 25-26 July 2006
•
Next operations software release (2.0)
in late June 2006
ISOC also supporting LAT Integration &
Test
LAT Data Challenge 2 is underway
•
March – May 2006
•
Exercises ISOC science analysis
software and processing
•
Based on 55 days of simulated LAT
data for entire sky
ISOC Operations Facility at SLAC
–
–
–
12 ix 06
Operations control room area and dataflow
lab located in Building 84 (Central Lab
Annex)
Build-out and dataflow lab extension
scheduled for August 2006 - January 2007
ISOC operations staff offices also moving to
Building 84
SLUO
The DC2 Sky
24
GLAST Science
Elliott Bloom RB et al
* Dark Matter and New Physics
– Neutralino annihilation features…
* Relativistic Outflows
– Pulsars, quasars, blazars, GRBs
* Acceleration of High Energy
Particles
– Origin of Cosmic Rays
– Supernova remnants
– Jets….
Multi-Wavelength Observations
12 ix 06
SLUO
ASCA 1-3 keV
25
Large Synoptic Survey Telescope
* LSST is a large-aperture, widefield ground-based telescope
designed to provide deep images
of the entire visible sky every
few nights.
* A single common LSST database
will provide several distinct
analyses probing dark energy in
different ways: weak lensing,
baryon oscillations, Type 1a SNe,
clusters.
* The LSST science reach is at
least an order of magnitude
higher than any other proposed
ground-based project in this
field.
12 ix 06
SLUO
26
LSST Precision on DE Parameters
12 ix 06
SLUO
27
SLAC Role in LSST
* LSST is proposed as a joint project between NSF-AST and
DOE OHEP. NSF funding would be used to develop the
telescope and site, while DOE funding would be used to
develop the 3.2 Gpixel camera. Both agencies would
contribute to data management and operations.
* SLAC leads the camera collaboration, which also involves
BNL, LLNL, and ~ 7 university-based HEP groups.
* SLAC personnel also have key roles in the project overall:
–
–
–
–
–
Kahn - Dep. Proj. Director + Camera Lead Scientist
Althouse - Proj. Systems Engineer
Gilmore - Camera Proj. Mgr.
Burke - Calibration Lead Scientist
Blandford - Member of the LSSTC Board
12 ix 06
SLUO
28
LSST Camera Assembly
Cold Plates
Utility Trunk
BEE Module
Cryostat outer cylinder
Focal Plane fast actuators
Raft Tower (Raft with Sensors + FEE)
L3 Lens in Cryostat front-end flange
Filter Changer rail paths
Shutter
L1/L2 Housing
Camera Base Ring
Filter Carousel main bearing
Filter in stored location
L1 Lens
L2 Lens
12 ix 06
Camera Housing
Filter in light path
SLUO
29
Funding and Management
Configuration for LSST
Joint Oversight - tbd
LSSTC
DOE
Private
NSF
Funding
Sources
LSST
Collaboration
Institutions
LSSTC
x
LLNL
x
BNL
x
SLAC
PMO
x
LSSTC
Staff
NOAO
Universities
Universities
x
NCSA
Relationships established by
MoA's
PMO: Program Management Office
12 ix 06
SLUO
30
Basic timeline for the LSST
NSF D&D
CD-0
FY-05
2006
Fiscal Years
Submit NSF MREFC Proposal
NSF MREFC begins
CD-1
CD-2 MIE
51 months
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
First light
2012
2013
2014
Design and Development
(and early procurement)
Construction
Commissioning
Operations
*
*
*
*
*
FY2004 – 2008
FY2009 – 2012
Dec, 2012
FY2013
FY 2014 - 2024
12 ix 06
R&D phase, long-lead items started
Construction
First engineering light
Commissioning and early science
Operations
SLUO
31
Supernova Acceleration Probe
Spacecraft
*
12 ix 06
* SNAP is a collaboration
with LBL.
* KIPAC will be responsible for the
Observatory Control Unit and
the strong lensing science
* At present the timescale for
SNAP is set by NASA and is
unacceptably long.
SNAP is designed to study dark
energy by measuring the rate of
expansof the Universe using
supernovae and through
determining the distortion of the
images of distant galaxies. It is
complementary to LSST,
emphasizing small over large scale
structure
Focal
plane
SLUO
32
QUaD
* High angular resolution observations of microwave
background
Church et al
* E-mode measurements of linear polarization
12 ix 06
SLUO
33
Balloon-borne X-ray polarization experiment, PoGOLite
Kamae et al.
Predictions by:
the polar cap model
the caustic model
the outer gap model
The polarization signal PoGOLite will measure in 6 hrs for the first peak (P1, 3ms wide) of
Crab Pulsar for the polar cap (red), slot gap/caustic (blue) and outer gap (black) models.
Additional constraints will come from the second peak and the interpulse.
12 ix 06
SLUO
34
Computational
Astrophysics
12 ix 06
SLUO
35
Computational Astrophysics
* Strong activity already - machine limited
* Data analysis
–
–
–
–
Long term goal - to work in the LSST era - 30 PB!
New way of doing science (for astronomers!)
Evolutionary program handling increasingly large datasets
SDSS, HAGGLES….
* Theoretical Simulations
– Cosmology - large scale structure first stars, hot gas….
– Particle astrophysics - shocks, gamma ray bursts, pulsars…
* New cluster and visualization
* SCIDAC 2 grant
– Cosmic Explosions
– Type Ia SN, GRBs…
– PI Woosley, Co-I RB
12 ix 06
SLUO
36
Summary
* After three plus years, KIPAC remains on original track
– “KIPAC researchers seek solutions to some of today’s most fascinating and challenging
problems in astrophysics and cosmology.”
* Tremendous support from Stanford community
– Five new faculty
– Two buildings
– Start up
* Self-sustaining theory-phenomenology-observing group
– Major research contributions to all of these areas
– Connection to SLAC and campus theory groups
* Great progress in experimental projects
–
–
–
–
GLAST
LSST
SNAP, QUaD, PoGO…
EXO, CDMS3…..
* High aspirations in Computational Astrophysics
– Data analysis -> LSST (30PB…)
– Theoretical simulation (clusters, visualization...)
12 ix 06
SLUO
37