Chapter 19: Elements and their Properties
Date:_____________
Section 2: Metals, Nonmetals, and Metalloids - Notes
Learning Goals:
 Describe the properties of typical metals, nonmetals, and metalloids.
 Explain what the terms metal, nonmetal, and metalloid mean.
Properties of Metals:
 Metals can be found to the _____________ of the “staircase” on the periodic table.
o
Almost all __________________
•
_________________________ (Hg) is the exception!
o
_________________________________________________ of heat and electricity
o
They ________________________________ (shiny, luster)
o
_______________________________: they can be hammered or rolled into sheets
o
___________________________: they can be drawn into wires

The atoms of metals generally have ______________________________________________________.

In chemical reactions, metals tend to ________________________________________________ easily.
o
When metals combine with nonmetals, the atoms tend to ________________ electrons to the
atoms of nonmetals, forming ________________________________.

_________________________________: positively charged metallic ions are surrounded by a cloud of
electrons.
o
The outer-level electrons are not tightly held to the __________________________ and can
move _____________________________ among the charged ions.
Properties of Nonmetals:

Nonmetals: elements that usually are ____________________ or ______________________________
at room temperature.
o
The solids ___________________________________ (brittle) and are not malleable or ductile.
o
Most nonmetals ______________________________________ heat or electricity well and are
not shiny.

The electrons of nonmetals are _________________________________________ to the nucleus of
the atom.
o
They can form ionic bonds, in which they _______________ electrons from metals.
o
They can also form ___________________________________________, in which they share
electrons with other nonmetals.

About 90% of all atoms in the universe are ___________________________________ atoms!

Hydrogen is a _____________________________________________:
o
Consists of ______________ atoms of the same element in a covalent bond.
o
________
o
____________________________________________________________________________
Properties of Metalloids:
 Metalloids can form ionic and covalent bonds with other elements and can have both
________________________________ and ______________________________________ properties.

Some metalloids can conduct electricity better than most nonmetals, but not as well as
____________________.

Metalloids can also be called ___________________________________________:
o
Semiconductors: elements than conduct an electric current under ______________________
_________________________________.