South
Korea,
North
Korea
and
Japan
The main physical features of
Japan and the Koreas are
rugged mountains.
Korea
• Korean peninsula
includes both North and
South Korea.
• Much of the peninsula
is covered by
mountains.
• Has some large plains
• Most of Korea’s rivers
flow westward and pour
into the Yellow Sea.
The main physical features of
Japan and the Koreas are
rugged mountains.
Japan
• Four large islands, 3,000 smaller
islands
• Major islands: Hokkaido,
Honshu, Shikoku, and Kyushu
• Mountains cover 75 percent of
the country.
• Largest mountain range is called
the Japanese Alps.
• Fuji is Japan’s tallest mountain
and has become a symbol of
Japan.
Most of the
lowlands in
Japan
are densely
populated
with
more than
20,000
people per
square mile
Inventive methods are used to maximize space. Houses are
small and are built very close together with narrow streets.
There are sound walls built around housing to block traffic
noise. Stores are constructed on the tops of roofs to increase
available land for farming. Malls are located underground as
well. Most of the people live in apartments. For
entertainment, people will go to driving ranges or batting
cages, which are screened in.
Resources of
Japan and the Koreas
• One of the world’s strongest fishing economies
Japan • A fishery is a place where lots of fish and other seafood can
be caught.
• Not very rich in mineral resources
----------North • Large deposits of coal, iron, and other minerals
Korea • Hydroelectric power
-----------South • Increasing Hydroelectric and Nuclearpower
Korea• Mineral resources are meager; some coal and lead
Religions of Korean People
(based on 2004 census report)
History of the Koreas
http://seoulistic.com/travel-to-korea/80-amazing-pictures-of-korea-by-photographers/
• Korea Initially a unified state with a rich history
• Attacked by the Japanese in the late 1500s- then rebuilt
• Then attacked again by the Mongols in the 1620 and 1630s
• So, then decided to turn inward and not
get involved in the affairs of others…
take up an ISOLATIONIST policy!
• Korea’s nickname is the
Hermit Kingdom.
• During this time Korea experiences
much peace, until…
Country
Time
10th century
B.C.
Go-Joseon
1st century
B.C.
Three kingdoms
(Shilla, Baekje and
Goguryeo)
668 – 935
A.D.
Shilla (south: 668-935)
Balhae (north: 698-926)
935 - 1392
Goryeo Dynasty
1392 – 1910
Joseon Dynasty
1910 - 1945
Japanese rule
1948
Established Republic of
Korea in South
1950-1953
Korean war
1961
Military coup
1988
Seoul Olympics
Japan Annexes Korea ("the Hermit Kingdom")
22 August 1910
San Francisco Chronicle article about the annexation of Korea by Japan
Japanese
Rule
 Japan annexed Korea
by force in 1910.
 Japan in 1938 outlawed
use of Korean language
in an attempt to eradicate
Korean national identity.
Country
Time
10th century
B.C.
Go-Joseon
1st century
B.C.
Three kingdoms
(Shilla, Baekje and
Goguryeo)
668 – 935 A.D. Shilla (south: 668-935)
Balhae (north: 698-926)
935 - 1392
Goryeo Dynasty
1392 – 1910
Joseon Dynasty
1910 - 1945
Japanese rule
 Deep lament and resentment toward invaders prevailed in
Korean literature and music, along with attempts to grapple
with new, modern forms.
Divided
Peninsula
• In 1945 at Postdam
conference US (Truman),
USSR (Stalin) and UK
(Churchil) decided to
divide Korean peninsula
at 38th parallel without
consulting Koreans.
Country
Time
10th century
B.C.
Go-Joseon
1st century
B.C.
Three kingdoms
(Shilla, Baekje and
Goguryeo)
668 – 935
A.D.
Shilla (south: 668-935)
Balhae (north: 698-926)
935 - 1392
Goryeo Dynasty
1392 – 1910
Joseon Dynasty
1910 - 1945
Japanese rule
1948
Established Republic of
Korea in South
1950-1953
Korean war
1961
Military coup
1988
Seoul Olympics
Korean War
• North Korea invaded
south by launching
surprise attack on
6/25/50.
• United Nations forces
led by US defended
South.
• Many Koreans lost or
separated from
family members in
both south and north.
Country
Time
10th centry
B.C.
Go-Joseon
1st centry B.C. Three kingdoms
(Shilla, Baekje and
Goguryeo)
668 – 935
A.D.
Shilla (south: 668-935)
Balhae (north: 698-926)
935 - 1392
Goryeo Dynasty
1392 – 1910
Joseon Dynasty
1910 - 1945
Japanese rule
1948
Established Republic of
Korea in South
1950-1953
Korean war
1961
Military coup
1988
Seoul Olympics
RESULTS
• North Korea: Communist government.
• South Korea: a democratic government.
• Effects of the Korean War started still
linger today.
Inside North Korea
• National Geographic, Lisa Ling
A new documentary…
Secret State of North Korea
• PBS Frontline
• Secret footage under Kim Jong-Un’s rule
In the North…
The KIM Dynasty
•
•
•
Kim Il-Sung
Kim Jong-Il
Kim Jong- Un
 World's most secretive society
 Decades of this rigid state-controlled system
have led to stagnation and a leadership
dependent on the cult of personality.
 North Korea has traditionally enjoyed the
support of its powerful neighbor China, but
in recent years Chinese leaders appear to
have become increasingly frustrated and
embarrassed by Pyongyang
The Kim’s are known for their crazy behavior and
claims…
The 32-year-old reportedly used anti-aircraft fire to execute
his defense chief for disrespectful behavior, including napping
during a military rally
attended by the leader.
Other strange Facts:
AAbtmRO#image=1
http://www.msn.com/en-us/news/photos/15-strange-facts-about-the-kim-dynasty/ss-
Modern Korea
• Korea (South Korea)
is a developed
country
• Has one of the
world's fastest
growing economies
• 2009 Korean GDP
ranked No.12 in the
world.
1000
800
600
400
200
0
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
2008
Has Become a Strong
DEMOCRACY
Korean Wave (Hallyu):
Korean Cultural Export, since early 1990s
• Korean movies, TV dramas, and pop-music are
very popular around the world; rapidly spreading
beyond Asian countries
• Korea is among the world’s top ten cultural
exporters
“Wonder Girls”
“Girls’ Generation”
“DBSK”
“Super Junior”
“Psy”
…and K-Pop
miss A
EXO
Korean Food
 Cooked rice, main dish, and side dishes
 3-12 side dishes
 Kimchi
 fermented pickled vegetable with or
without hot pepper, hundreds of variations
 Common elements of cooking
 soy sauce
 soy-bean paste (dyon-jang similar to miso)
 hot-pepper paste (go-chu-jang)
 sesame oil
 Lots of vegetables
Bulgogi
Bibimbap
Kimbap
I. Myth of the creation of Japan
Video: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PIQ9Ea7WDSI
A. According to an ancient Japanese
legend, the islands were formed by gods,
Izanagi and Izanami. Izanagi lowered a
jeweled spear into the sea. The salt
water dripped from the spear and
hardened to form islands. The gods then
descended from heaven to live on the
island and created the rest of the world.
The gods had had three children.
Amaterasu was the Sun goddess and is
related to the Japanese Imperial Family.
Although Japan does not have a lot of land, it
has been able to influence the world. Currently,
Japan has one of the leading economies in the
world, leading in electronics and automobile
production. Japan also has one of the highest
educated populations.
B. What insight into Japanese Culture might
this story give you???
II.Isolation
• Throughout Japanese
history, Japan had
stayed isolated from
foreigners
– Just like China &
Korea
Not completely cut off though!
• Japan is similar to what culture?
•-
cultural diffusion from China
 examples:
» Character writing (Kana),
» Confucianism,
» Zen Buddhism
» Daoism
III. Religion
A. There are two many religions in Japan, Shinto and
Buddhism. The majority of people follow a combination of
the religions and Confucianism.
92 million – Buddhist
85 million – Shinto
120 million - Confucianism
B. Confucianism is based the five basic
relationships with a superior and inferior person.
The superior is expected to lead a moral life and
to guide the inferior person.
C. Shinto or “the way of the gods” is an
indigenous religion in Japan. The basic
belief is that spirits or kami live in everything
and control the forces of nature. One could win
the favor of the gods through prayer and
offerings at shrines marked with Torii gates.
There are over 2 million gods.
 Indigenous – Created and remaining
within one nation
 Shinto is made up of four relationships:
-Tradition and family
-Love of nature
-Physical cleanliness
-Matsuri – Worship and honor of the spirits
Torii Gates
When Buddhism reached Japan, it had already split
into different sects. The commoners practice a form
of Buddhism where anyone could enter paradise
through faith. The samurai practiced Zen Buddhism
from China. Zen Buddhism emphasizes meditation
and self – discipline as a way to reach salvation. It
offered a way for the samurai to develop the mental
and physical self-control that their lives demanded.
Zen Buddhism's central theories are that human life is
full of suffering due to illness, death and the loss of
loved ones.
By getting rid of desires and attachments, one can
achieve a state of enlightenment and escape suffering
and the circle of reincarnations. It is said that one can
achieve self-enlightenment through meditation and
self discipline.
The discipline and practical approach of Zen made it
the Buddhism of the medieval Japanese military class.
Samurai would spend time meditating in a garden to
achieve enlightenment. The garden created an
environment that created a particular mood based
upon the display of elements.
Zen Garden
Rocks can symbolize the sky, earth, islands, or
mountains.
Early History
• Small clans
• Early Rulers- Tenno Clan: In district of Yamato
 never very strong but never overthrown
• During middle ages, landowners became very
powerful and Japan settled into its own feudal type
system
– Rice Tax
• Nobles (Daimyos) rise in power… protected
by warriors (Samurai)
Tokugawa Shogun
-Military leader of Japan during
the Middle Ages
-Used to be a temporary title but
now became a permanent title
-Emperor power declines (figure
head)
Tokugawa= Isolate!
• Shogun makes
decision to
keep Japan
isolated from
invaders!
Bushido
• Japanese Samurai code of warrior
• Similar to European Knights
» code of Chivalry
Harakiri (seppuku)
• seppuku “selfdisembowelment”
• hara-kiri, “belly-cutting”
– the honorable method of taking
one’s own life practiced by men
of the samurai (military) class in
feudal Japan.
• it was an effective way to
demonstrate the courage,
self-control, and strong
resolve of the samurai and to
prove sincerity of purpose.
 Watch segments of the
following videos.
In what ways does Japanese
history explain these current
issues in Japanese society?
• Marathon Monkshttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S06oMxdt40A
• Sumo Scandalhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-Tlb5XjeKlk
End of Isolation- Perry visits
Japan
• During the 19th Century, The “West wanted to begin
trading with China and Japan
• Japan had refused as did China but in 1853, they had
persuasion
• 1853: US Commodore Matthew Perry brings fleet
to Japan with a letter from the US presidents asking
Japan to open up its ports- claims he will come
back with a bigger fleet if demands are not met
1854 Treaty of Kanagawa
• two ports open to US
• By 1860, Japan opened ports to others.
How would the Japanese feel
about being forced to do this?
• -upset at shogun
• -realized they were weak and
Tokugawa Shogun realized time was
over
• -Japan looks to new emperor
Mutsuhito for pride and nationalism
• -Chose name “Meji” which means
enlightened ruler
–o“if you can’t beat the west, be the
west”
• Meiji =
Modernization/
Industrialization
• Made Japan a modern economic and World power by
creating industry
Modernized Japan
•
•
•
•
•
Schools modeled after US
Army of Germany
Navy of Britain
Germany’s government
Industrialize like west 1870- 1914
– Build factories
– Build railroads
Conclusion
• With modernization came
more money and more
POWER
•
Japan by 1894- felt equal
with West wanted to show
their power to the world
•
Began to follow Western
footsteps of imperialism
What is imperialism?
• taking over a territory of a
weaker nation by a stronger
nation ( Bully effect) and
use them for resources
Sino- Japanese War 1876
• Japan vs. China
–oLike western countries, Japan forced
Korea to open up ports but China
protested  both agreed not to fight but
China sent in troops and Japan responded
and defeated China easily
» Got control of Taiwan and other
islands
• This left Russia realizing Japan was a major
power in Asia and challenged their
supremacy
Russo-Japanese War 1904-1905
• Both wanted control of Manchuria
• Japan offered to recognize Russian rights in
Manchuria if Russia stayed out of Korea
• O They did not and war started
• O Japan wins and US negotiated treaty between
both countries
– Japan gains complete control of Korea
» Annexation of Korea
WWI- Japan fought with Allies
(US, Russia, Great Britain and
France)
• 1914-1918
• Win war but get nothing for help in winning
war
• Disappointed and relationship with West
declines
1918-1938
•
-Japan continues to imperialize in order to
obtain more resources and power. They had faced
major depression during the 1920’s due to a major
earthquake and depression in West
• REMEMBER Japan needs resources and is not a
self sufficient country based on geography
WWII
• During WWII
Japan aligns with
axis powers of
Germany and Italy.
They share betrayal
of others. Japan
and Italy were left
out of WWI treaty
December 7th, 1941
Pearl Harbor Attack
Why did they do this?
• Japan wanted dominance in
Pacific and only powerful nation with
any interest in Pacific Ocean. They figured if they took out
harbors in Pear Harbor which contained submarines,
carriers, and destroyers, US would not be able to help other
nations in Pacific because it would be too far away
o
Successful attack except for one thing: Japan did not count on
Air-craft carriers not being at Pearl Harbor
» These would later allow US to attack Japan (island
hopping) and eventually drop the A-bomb
Results
• A-bomb dropped on Nagasaki and
Hiroshima and Japan is rebuilt by US
– Emperor is no longer seen as divine
– Creation of a Mixed Economy like US
– -Rebuilt into Economic power of
technology