• What do people get addicted to?
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ADDICTION
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• Addiction video
• Teenage Brain chemistry article
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How it all starts
• Addiction usually starts when a person does
something he or she thinks will bring
pleasure or help avoid pain. He or she
becomes increasingly dependent on the
behavior, as tolerance develops-the person
needs more of the desired behavior to feel
the same effect.
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And then…….
• Any substance OR activity that
becomes the focus of a person’s
life at the expense of other needs
and interests can be damaging to
health.
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THE ADDICTION CYCLE
• Tolerance- needing more and more to
reach the same effect
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Psychological Dependence
• a condition in which a person believes that a substance
is needed in order to feel good or to function normally.
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Psychological signals:
use of drugs or alcohol as a way to forget problems or to relax
withdrawal or keeping secrets from family and friends
loss of interest in activities that used to be important
problems with schoolwork, such as slipping grades or absences
changes in friendships, such as hanging out only with friends who
use drugs
spending a lot of time figuring out how to get drugs
stealing or selling belongings to be able to afford drugs
failed attempts to stop taking drugs or drinking
anxiety, anger, or depression
mood swings
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Physiological Dependence
• a condition in which the user has a
chemical need for the substance.
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Physical signals:
changes in sleeping habits
feeling shaky or sick when trying to stop
needing to take more of the substance to get the
same effect
• changes in eating habits, including weight loss or
gain
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• Addiction can be psychological
or physiological.
• Withdrawal - may occur when a
person stops using the drug on
which he or she can become
dependent on.
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Addictive Behaviors
Habits that have gotten out of
control, with a resulting
negative impact on a
person’s life.
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5 CHARACTERISTICS OF
ADDICTIVE BEHAVIORS
1. Reinforcement- some aspects of the
behavior produce pleasurable physical
and/or emotional states or relieve
negative ones to reinforce the
behavior.
2. Compulsion or Craving -individual
feels a strong compulsion-compelling
need to engage in the behavior, often
accompanied by obsessive planning
for the next opportunity to perform it. 11
5 CHARACTERISTICS OF
ADDICTIVE BEHAVIORS
3.
Loss of Control- individual loses
control over the behavior and
cannot block the impulse to
engage in it. He or she may deny
that the behavior is problematic or
may have tried but failed to
control it.
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5 CHARACTERISTICS OF
ADDICTIVE BEHAVIORS
4. Escalation- more and more of a
particular substance or activity is
required to produce its desired
effects.
5. Negative Consequencesproblems with academic or job
performance , personal
relationships, and health.
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• Teenagers responses stay at the limbic
system while adults move to the
prefrontal cortex.
• Emotional (E) = Limbic
• Intellectual (I) = Pre-Frontal Cortex
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Paying to Die: Tobacco
It’s Your Choice!
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Think Quick!
Most people know that using tobacco is
harmful. Why do you think some people
continue to use tobacco products?
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The Surgeon General
states,
“Tobacco use, particularly smoking,
is the number one cause of
preventable disease and death in
the United States.”
~Richard H. Carmona, M.D., M.P.H., FACS — U.S. Surgeon General
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What You Need To Know!
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An estimated 443,000 Americans die each year prematurely from
diseases caused by smoking.
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Each day, nearly 6,000 children under 18 years of age start smoking; of
these, nearly 2,000 will become regular smokers.
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Approximately 90 percent of smokers begin smoking before the age of
21. They will become lifelong customers of the TOBACCO companies!
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At current rates, an estimated 6.4 million children will die prematurely
from a smoking-related disease.
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Of adolescents who have smoked at least 100 cigarettes in their lifetime,
most of them report that they would like to quit, but are not able to do
so.
~American Lung Association, Adolescent Smoking Statistics, November 2003
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Amazing statistic!!!
• Each year, smoking kills more
people than AIDS, alcohol, drug
abuse, car crashes, murders,
suicides, and fires . . . combined.
• 23% of high school students are
smokers (28.9% PA) – CDC 2009
• 46 million adults in the U.S. smoke
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What’s in a Cigarette?
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With each puff of a cigarette you experience:
1. Nicotine- addictive drug found in tobacco
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Stimulant
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Speeds up the Central Nervous system
Increases heart rate
Raises blood pressure
Vasoconstrictor
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Nicotine is associated with
Heart Disease and Stroke
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• Effects of smoking on the body
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Nicotine (Continued)
• – in a pure form, is one of the most
addictive drugs known to man and is
habit forming
• After nicotine enters the lungs, it is
absorbed immediately into the
bloodstream and within 8 seconds
reaches the brain
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What’s in a cigarette?
• First time users have no tolerance
to nicotine and will experience a
racing heart, sweating, nausea, and
dizziness
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Nicotine – eventually smokers will
build up a tolerance to nicotine and
their bodies will become physically
dependent on it.
• When smokers attempt to quit they
will experience:
1. Headaches
2. irritability
3. Restlessness 4. feelings of illness
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What’s in a Cigarette?
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With each puff of a cigarette
you experience:
2. Carbon Monoxidecolorless, odorless,
poisonous gas
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When carbon monoxide is
inhaled, it attaches itself
to the hemoglobin in your
red blood cells. This
prevents oxygen from
joining up with the
hemoglobin which causes
shortness of breath –
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Anoxia – decreases
oxygen level in the body
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What’s in a cigarette?
• Carbon Monoxide increased risk for High
Blood Pressure, Heart Disease and
Arteriosclerosis
• Carbon Monoxide is commonly found in
the exhaust from cars.
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What’s in a Cigarette?
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With each puff of a cigarette you
experience:
3. Tar: Thick, sticky dark fluid
produced when tobacco burns
• Tar enters respiratory system
causing problems
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Upper Respiratory System
(Trachea)
– Destroys cilia
– Cilia - Tiny hair like
projections that move
mucus and debris out of
respiratory system
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What’s in a cigarette?
• (Tar con’t.)
• Lower Respiratory System (Lungs and
Alveoli)
– Tar binds to lung tissue keeping it
from moving normally
– Tar binds to alveoli blocking exchange
of oxygen and carbon monoxide
– Tar also contains carcinogens (cancer
causing products) that are linked to
cancer of the mouth, lung and throat.
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What’s in a cigarette?
4. Carcinogens- cancer causing agents
– In addition to Nicotine, Carbon Monoxide and
Tar, tobacco contains around 50 carcinogens.
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Pipe and Cigar Tobacco
• Just like cigarettes, pipes and cigars cause problems.
• Cigars contain more nicotine and produce more tar and
CO than cigarettes.
• Increased risk of Lip, Mouth and Throat cancers
1 cigar = 1 pack of cigarettes (Nicotine)
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Smokeless Tobacco
Snuff
Chewing Tobacco
• Tobacco that is cut into strips
and chewed or stored in mouth
• Contains nicotine
– Absorbed through mucous
membranes in mouth
• Contains 28 carcinogens
• 2-3x as much
nicotine/carcinogens are
absorbed due to storing in
mouth
• Leukoplakia - pre-cancer white
spots inside the mouth
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Tobacco that is ground up into fine
grits and is snorted though the
nose
Contains nicotine
– Absorbed through mucous
membranes in nose
Contains 28 carcinogens
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Long-Term Effect of
Tobacco Use
1. Cardiovascular disease
– is a
disease of the heart and blood
vessels.
• The chemicals of tobacco force the
heart to work harder to deliver
oxygen to the body. Therefore, the
smoker is at a higher risk of the
following:
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Long-term effects
(1)High blood pressure
(2)Heart attack – a smoker is three
times more likely to suffer from a
heart attack than a non smoker
(3)A heart attack is 5 to 10 times
more likely to kill a smoker than a
nonsmoker
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Long term effects
2. Respiratory disease
So just what is “smoker’s cough”???
As tar destroys cilia, dust particles
and mucus accumulate in the air
passages, causing the smoker to
cough to try to clean out the air
passages.
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Long Term effects
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When coughing can no longer keep the
air passages clear, the smoker eventually
develops:
a. Chronic Bronchitis – the bronchial tubes
are swollen and clogged with mucus.
People with this disease have a hard
time filling their lungs with air.
There is no cure for this disease

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Long term effects
b. Emphysema –is a breathing disorder in
which the small sacs in the lungs lose
their elasticity
• Air sacs in your body resemble tiny
balloons that no amount of puffing will
fill those sacs up when one has
emphysema
• A person with this disease cannot rid
this body of carbon monoxide
• Damage done to the lungs from
emphysema cannot be reversed or
improved.
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Long term effects
3. Cancer – tobacco use is a major factor in
developing certain cancers
• Lung cancer – one of the most deadly
form of cancer. 87% of deaths related to
lung cancer are related to smoking.
• Oral cancers – cancer of the mouth ,
throat, and tongue
• Leukoplakia – small painless sores in the
mouth can be a first indicator of possible
mouth cancer
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Secondhand Smoke
• Mainstream SmokeExhaled smoke
• Sidestream SmokeSmoke coming off the end of the cigarette
Statistics
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Passive smoking
• Nonsmokers who involuntarily breath
side stream smoke become passive
smokers
• There is twice as much tar and nicotine
in side stream smoke as in mainstream
smoke
• Side-stream smoke contains three times
as much CO as mainstream smoke
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Tobacco use and
pregnancy
Chemicals can pass directly from the
mother to the fetus which can result in:
• Increased heart rate
• Low birth rate
• Slow mental development
• Miscarriages or still births
• Nursing mothers can pass nicotine to
the infant from breast milk
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Passive smoking
• Each year passive smoking contributes to
150,000 to 300,000 cases of bronchitis and
pneumonia in babies and triggers 8,000 to
26,000 new cases of asthma in previously
unaffected children
• Asthma and other allergies are often
made worse in the presence of tobacco
smoke
• Long-term exposure to other people’s
smoke increases your risk of heart
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disease and lung cancer.
Smoking and the Body
• Tobacco products can cause damage to
many body systems.
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Stroke
• Clot in the brain (Kills brain tissue)
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Cataracts
• Opaque covering over the eye
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Mouth and Throat
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Lung Cancer
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Coronary Heart Disease
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Atherosclerosis
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• On top is a picture of severe cancer of the
larynx, which has surfaced on his neck and
spread to his lymph glands. Most laryngeal
cancers begin near the vocal cords,
causing hoarseness or other changes in the
voice.
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Resource
• All pictures were taken from the Surgeon
General’s Report on Smoking Tobacco
• http://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/sgr/sgr_2004/
sgranimation/welcome.html
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Tobacco Affects All Areas
of Life
• Mental Health: impairs ability to concentrate and
relax.
• Family and Social Health: Smoke can hurt others
that are in the room
– People may not want to hang out (Smell or look)
• Growth & Development: Women who smoke have
LBW babies.
• Nutrition: Impairs your sense of taste.
• Exercise and Fitness: Decreased Cardiovascular
endurance.
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• Drugs: Produces physical and psychological
dependence.
• Disease and Disorders: Increased risk of heart and
lung disease.
• Personal Health: Teeth turn yellow, fingers turn
yellow, breath smells.
• Safety and First Aid: Major cause of home fires
(smoking in bed)
• Environmental Health: Major source of indoor
pollution.
• Legally Implications: Selling to or buying tobacco
under 18 is illegal
• Financial Implications: Very costly
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• Joe Chemo
The “TRUE” Cost of
Smoking
•Every time you smoke a cigarette, you are paying with
your life.
THE “TRUE” COST OF SMOKING
1 Cigarette= 11 minutes of life
1 Pack of Cigarettes = 3 hours 40 minutes
1 Carton of Cigarettes = 1.5 days
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CHANGES IN A SMOKER’S BODY AFTER
QUITTING
Within 20 minutes of last cig:
• Bl. Pressure and pulse rate return to
normal
• Body temp. of hands and feet
increase to normal
8 hours:
• Carbon monoxide level in blood
drops to normal
• Oxygen level in blood increases to
normal
1 day:
• Chance of heart attack decreases
2 days:
• Ability to smell and taste improves
3 days:
• Bronchial tubes relax
• Lung capacity increases
2 weeks to 3 months:
• Circulation improves
• Walking becomes easier
• Lung function increases up to 30%
1 - 9 months:
• Coughing, sinus congestion, fatigue,
shortness of breath decrease
• Cilia re-grow, increasing ability to
handle mucus, thus reducing risk of
infection
• Body’s overall energy level increases
5 years:
• Risk of developing lung cancer or
coronary heart disease decreases
dramatically
10 Years:
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precancerous cells are replaced
• Risk of developing lung cancer is
nearly the same as for a nonsmoker
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Preparing to quit
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Know why you want to quit. Many smokers find it helpful to
write down the top five reasons they want to quit smoking, and
to keep this list in their wallet (with photos of the people they
love) as a reminder in case they are tempted to smoke.
Set a quit date within the next 2 weeks. Try to set a quit date
when life stresses are relatively low. Then let as many people
as possible know that you are quitting, that you may be irritable
or distracted for awhile, and that you prefer others not to
smoke in your presence or offer you cigarettes.
Avoid smoking in your regular places. If you normally smoke
after meals, when talking on the phone, or while driving a car,
try not to smoke in these situations. That way, these
associations will be less powerful when you quit.
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Assemble a "quitting team." See if you can enlist the active
support of a few key friends, family members, and coworkers.
Ideally, your team should include at least one ex-smoker who
knows what it's like to quit and can help if needed.
Stock up on smoking substitutes. Before you quit, buy goodies
such as chewing gum, sugarless candy, cinnamon sticks, and
flavored toothpicks. These products can serve as temporary
substitutes when you have the urge to smoke.
Figure out how to say no. Decide what you will say to friends,
family members, or others if they offer you a cigarette.
Ironically, most relapse cigarettes are offered by friends.
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Once You're Ready to Quit
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Consider using nicotine replacement therapy. If you are physically
addicted to tobacco, nicotine replacement therapy can double your
chances of quitting successfully. Ask your doctor for further details.
Throw out all smoking materials. Get rid of all tobacco, matches,
lighters, and ashtrays. Be very thorough so that you aren't tempted
later by discovering leftover cigarettes in a drawer, suitcase pocket,
glove compartment, or clothing.
Stop smoking completely. Studies show that smokers who quit "cold
turkey" do better than smokers who try to gradually taper off their use
of cigarettes.
Drink decaffeinated beverages. Quitting slows down your metabolism,
which means that caffeinated coffee and soft drinks will make you
more jittery than usual (and more likely to crave cigarettes). To flush
nicotine from your system, drink lots of fruit juice or water.
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Avoid drinking alcohol. Alcohol poses a double threat to quitting
smokers: it serves as a cue to smoke (due to previous associations),
and it impairs judgment. To stay smokefree, it's best to avoid alcohol
for at least two months.
Stay away from smokers. This tip is easier said than done, but it is very
important. If you live or work with smokers, see whether they're willing
to refrain from smoking when you're around.
Use relaxation techniques. When you're feeling tense, try taking several
deep breaths and relaxing your muscles. If you're feeling the urge to
smoke, silently repeat to yourself, "This urge will pass, whether or not I
smoke." Most nicotine cravings subside within 5-10 minutes.
Don't worry about weight gain. When people quit smoking, they usually
gain a few pounds. If this change in weight bothers you, see What
About Weight Gain?
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North Allegheny’s Most
Wanted
• Your task is to design a wanted poster for the chemicals
in cigarettes.
• Refer to and include the following for the wanted poster:
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Past crimes (Diseases or problems associated with it)
Current location (Where it is found)
Potential to be dangerous (What it can do to the body)
Reward for their expulsion or capture (Benefits of quitting
or abstaining from cigarettes)
• Include a creative diagram and design a poster that
illustrates the scientific facts abut the chemicals.
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