PSYCHOLOGICAL DISORDERS
ANXIETY DISORDERS
A category of disorders where anxiety
disables an individual.
 Neurosis

Panic Attacks

Frequent and overwhelming attacks of
anxiety.
Phobias

Irrational fear of a specific object or
situation.
Specific Phobia
Acrophobia
 Claustrophobia

AGORAPHOBIA

The fear of leaving a familiar
environment.
OBSESSIVE COMPULSIVE
DISORDER
OCD
 An uncontrollable pattern of recurring
often unpleasant thoughts.
 The repetition of an irrational act.
 Ritualized behavior.
 Counting and checking.

POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS
DISORDER
PTSD (Shell shock, Battle Fatigue)
 An event relived with pain. (3 months?)
 Intrusion (Flashbacks)
 Avoidance (Depression, Guilt)
 Hyperarousal (Insomnia, Irritable or
explosive)

HYSTERIA DISORDERS
SOMATOFORM Disorders (Body disorders)
 NEUROSIS
 TWO TYPES

HYSTERIA




Conversion
Reaction
Loss of physiological
functioning.
Hypochondrasis:
false belief of
sickness.
Psychosomatic:
Physical ailments,
rash, pain, ulcers.

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Dissociative
Disorders
Amnesia: loss of
memory.
Fugue: Memory loss
with active flight.
Dissociative Identity
Disorder
DISSOCIATIVE IDENTITY
DISORDER (MPD)
Each personality has a full range of
mental functions.
 Different ages
 Early Trauma
 Amnesic Barriers
 NOT SCHIZOPHRENIA!

MOOD DISORDERS
Affective disorders
 4 - 12% of population

Dysthymic Disorder

Greek=low spirits

Common cold of disorders.

Ex. Loss of a loved one.

Will usually clear up without treatment.
Depression
Unipolar
 Depressive mood or pervasive loss of
interest or pleasure.
 2 weeks
4+ symptoms
 Sleep, weight, hunger, psychomotor,
cognitive, energy, feelings of
worthlessness or guilt, thoughts of
death or suicide.

Manic
Unipolar
 Hypomanic (No Hospital) vs. Manic
 Predominate mood elevated, expansive
or irritable.
 1 week 3+ symptoms
 Excessive involvement in activities, poor
judgement, pressure of speech, flight of
ideas, loosened associations, inflated
self-esteem,decreased need for sleep,
destractibility, hypersexuality.

BIPOLAR
Manic Depression.
 History of alternating
episodes of mania and
major depression.

Bipolar I
Bipolar II (Hypomanic)
SCHIZOPHRENIA
Thought Disorder
 Split from Reality
 Psychosis
 1% of Population
 Onset Late Teens – early 20’s

Causes


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GENETIC CONNECTION
1 Parent = child 10 – 15% more likely.
Both Parents = 40 X more likely.
Environment
Social Class
Double Bind
Environmental Stressors
SYMPTOMS

Positive symptoms generally imply
occurrences beyond normal experience.

Negative symptoms generally connote
diminished experience.
LANGUAGE – Thought Disorder
Loosening of associations,Neologisms,Clanging, word
salad.


DELUSIONS – Persecution, Grandeur, Control.

HALLUCINATIONS – visual, auditory…
Louis Wain
Schizophrenic
Artist?
TYPES

CATATONIC: Disturbance of Movement.

PARANOID: Suspiciousness, Grandeur,
Persecution.

DISORGANIZED: (Hebephrenic)
Hallucinations, delusions not organized.
Mirror gazing, grimace, obscene behavior.
UNDIFFERENTIATED: Catchall category.
PERSONALITY DISORDERS

NARCISSISM: A preoccupation with self.

HISTRIONIC: Exaggerated display of emotion
(attention getters).

PASSIVE AGGRESSIVE: Indirect nonconfrontational hostility at the demands of
others (chronic lateness & intentional
inefficiency).
BORDERLINE PERSONALITY
DISORDER

Instability in interpersonal relationships
and self Image.

Unstable Emotions.

Dependency and Manipulative Self
Destructive Behavior.

Test other peoples concern and
sabotage their own relationships.
BPD

The symptoms of borderline patients are similar to those for which most
people seek psychiatric help: depression, mood swings, the use and abuse of
drugs and alcohol as a means of trying to feel better; obsessions, phobias,
feelings of emptiness and loneliness, inability to tolerate being alone,
problems about eating.

Borderline people also show great difficulties in controlling ragefulness; they
are unusually impulsive, they fall in and out of love suddenly; they tend to
idealize other people and then abruptly despise them. A consequence of all
this was that they typically look for help from a therapist and then suddenly
quit in terrible disappointment and anger. Underneath all these symptoms,
therapists see in borderline people an inability to tolerate the levels of anxiety,
frustration, rejection and loss that most people are able to put up with, an
inability to soothe and comfort themselves when they become upset, and an
inability to control the impulses toward the expression, through action, of love
and hate that most people are able to hold in check. What best defines the
"borderline" personality, is great difficulty in holding on to a stable, consistent
sense of one's self: "What am I?" these people ask. "My life is in chaos;
sometimes I feel like I can do anything--other times I want to die because I
feel so incompetent, helpless and loathsome. I'm a lot of different people
instead of being just one person."
BPD

The one word that best characterizes borderline personality is "instability." Their
emotions are unstable, fluctuating wildly for no discernible reason. Their thinking is
unstable--rational and clear at times, quite psychotic at other times. Their behavior is
unstable, often with periods of excellent conduct, high efficiency and trustworthiness
alternating with outbreaks of babyishness, suddenly quitting a job, withdrawing into
isolation, failing.

Their self control is unstable -- ranging from the extreme self denial of anorexia to being
at the mercy of impulses. And their relationships are unstable. They may sacrifice
themselves for others, only to reach their limit suddenly and fly into rageful reproaches,
or they may curry favor with obedient submission only to rebel, out of the blue, in a
tantrum.

Associated with this instability is terrible anxiety, guilt and self-loathing for which relief
is sought at any cost -- medicine, drugs. The effect upon others of all this trouble is
profound: family members never know what to expect from their volatile child, siblings,
or spouse, except they know they can expect trouble: suicide threats and attempts, selfinflicted injuries, outbursts of rage and recrimination, impulsive marriages, divorces,
pregnancies and abortions; repeated starting and stopping of jobs and school careers,
and a pervasive sense, on the part of the family, of being unable to help.

And, of course, the effect of the illness upon the life of the patient is equally profound:
jobs are lost, successes are spoiled, relationships shattered, families alienated. The end
result is all too often the failure of a promising life, or a tragic suicide.
ANTISOCIAL PERSONALITY
(SOCIOPATH & PSYCHOPATH)
1.
 2.
 3.
 4.
 5.
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CONSCIENCELESS
MANIPULATIVE
IMPULSIVE
DIFFICULT TO REFORM
SUPERFICIAL EMOTION