GLOSSARY
Alliteration
The repetition of the same sound at the beginning of two or more consecutive words.
Articulation
[Language Form]
The physical production of speech sounds. Includes movements of the lungs, voice box,
tongue, teeth and lips.
(Language) Content
Part of a framework that divides language into 3 areas: Form, Content and Use.
Language Content refers to the message contained within language. This can include
words (or parts of words), or whole texts.
Semantics (vocabulary) forms part of language content.
Expressive Language
Language used by a person to communicate outwardly. This can include verbal and nonverbal means of communication.
(Language) Form
Part of a framework that divides language into 3 areas: Form, Content and Use.
Language Form refers to the structure of the language. This can include words (or parts
of words), or whole texts.
Phonology (speech sounds), morphology (word formation) and syntax (grammar) form
part of language form.
Language
A socially shared code representing concepts, ideas, a message or interpretation. This
may be through verbal output, gesture or other non-verbal actions.
Language can be separated into the components of Form, Content and Use.
These concepts are inter-dependent on each other. Please see “form”, “content” and
“use” for more information on this framework.
Learning Ladder
Ladder of learning is the order in which particular skills are acquired, such as being able
to sit, then crawl, stand, and walk before being able to run. This is also known as a
hierarchy.
Modelling
Is the process of showing an example of the target behaviour.
Morpheme
The smallest segment of a word that still has meaning. Includes ‘-ed’, ‘-s’, ‘un-’, ‘in-’, as
well as full words such as ‘dog’.
Morphology
[Form]
Refers to the structure of words and the units of meaning within them. Different units,
which may be referred to as a morpheme, are joined together to form words. For
example:
in the word walked the morphemes
walk and ‘ed’ are joined to give the
meaning of to walk in the past.
Spelling modules in the syllabus incorporate morphology skills. When learning to write,
correct use of grammatical rules is often a morphological skill. This skill is also used in
classroom activities such as recount and narrative.
Narrative
Expression of any story or experience real or fabricated. This may be presented orally or
in written form.
Phoneme
[Form]
Phonemes are the individual sounds within speech.
Phonology
[Form]
Phonology is the system of sounds that are used to produce spoken language and their
use.
Phonological Awareness
Phonological awareness is the understanding of speech sounds. This includes knowing
how they can and cannot be organised within our language. Syllables,
changing/moving/deleting speech sounds, and rhyming are all part of phonological
awareness.
Phonemic Awareness
Phonemic awareness is the ability to distinguish individual speech sounds. A child
displaying phonemic awareness would be able to break the word ‘snake’ into the
individual sounds of ‘s’ ‘n’ ‘ay’ & ‘k’
Pragmatics
[use]
The rules governing use of communication. This includes communication skills such as
turn taking and the understanding of non-verbal communication. Pragmatics also refers
the appropriate structure and content of the language relative to the context.
Receptive Language
Understanding of incoming language. This could be verbal or written information.
Rhyme
The correspondence between two words which share the same rime ending.
e.g. ‘bow’, and ‘snow’
Rime
Rimes are the final endings of words, with a vowel and possibly a consonant on the end.
e.g. ‘-ow’, ‘-art’, ‘ee’.
Semantics
[Content]
Knowledge of vocabulary, more specifically, the meanings behind the words.
Semantic skills are used in activities from the reading module in the word recognition
section of the syllabus.
Syllables
Audible ‘beats’ within a word. For example, |cat-|ta-|pil|-|a has 4 beats, or syllables.
Syntax
[Form]
The rules that govern how words can be arranged to form cohesive sentences. These
grammatical rules are used in both written and spoken language to ensure meaning is
accurately expressed.
The syllabus contains a module for grammatical skills.
[Language] Use
Part of a framework that divides language into 3 areas: Form, Content and Use.
Language Use refers to pragmatics.
Pragmatics is the rules governing use of communication. This includes communication
skills such as turn taking and the understanding of non-verbal communication.
Pragmatics also refers the appropriate structure and content of the language relative to the
context.
Pragmatics is incorporated in the syllabus in many ways, including TES1.1, 1.2, & 1.3.
Vocabulary
[Content]
The words, with correctly associated meanings, a person has knowledge of.
Word Wall
A list of words collected over time e.g. school term and put on display within the
classroom for future reference.
Word Web
Organisation of words and their features into a conceptual mind map.