Flowering Plants
BIOL 1407
Flowering Plants
• Seed plants
• Ovules are
enclosed in an
ovary
• Ovary  fruit
around seeds
•
Photo Credit: BIOL 1407 student,
Austin Nature Center field trip, 2006
Flowers
• Reproductive
Structures
– Attract animal
pollinators
•
Photo Credit: Pam Wolfe,
Georgetown River Walk 2008
Flowers
• Female
structures =
megasporophylls
• Male structures =
microsporophylls
•
Photo Credit: Pam Wolfe, Zilker
Botanical Gardens 2008
Flowers
• Reproductive
structures
surrounded by
modified leaves
•
Photo Credit: Pam Wolfe, Zilker
Botanical Gardens 2008
Photo Credit: ACC Field Biology Student, 2005
Photo Credit: Courtesy of Luc Viatour @ http://www.lucnix.be
Photo Credit: ACC Field Biology Student, 2005
Flower Pollination
• Animal Pollinators
–
–
–
–
Insects
Bats
Birds
Other mammals
(sugar gliders,
mouse lemurs)
• Wind Pollination
• Water Pollination
•
Photo Credit: Courtesy of Luc Viatour @ http://www.lucnix.be
Photo Credit: Butterfly – Courtesy of Luc Viatour @ http://www.lucnix.be
Stapelia – Courtesy of ChasMTx @ http://www.ubcbotanicalgarden.org/potd/2005/11/stapelia_gigantea.php
Fruits
• Mature ovary
• Ovary forms wall
around seeds
•
Photo Credit: Courtesy of Luc Viatour
@ http://www.lucnix.be
Photo Credit: Courtesy of Luc Viatour @ http://www.lucnix.be
Photo Credit: Courtesy of Luc Viatour @ http://www.lucnix.be
Seed Dispersal
• Seed Dispersal
–
–
–
–
•
Animal dispersal
Wind dispersal
Water dispersal
Mechanical
dispersal
Photo Credit: Mexican buckeye fruit, BIOL
1407 Student, Austin Nature Center field trip
2006
Photo Credit: Courtesy of Luc Viatour @ http://www.lucnix.be
Photo Credit: Blue Tit Photo – Courtesy of Luc Viatour @ http://www.lucnix.be
•
•
•
•
Pollination
Pollen germination
Pollen tube growth
Double fertilization
Angiosperm Seeds
• Zygote 
Embryo
• Triploid cell 
Endosperm (food
supply)
• Integuments 
Seed coat
Corn Seeds
Bean Seeds
Question: Where is the endosperm?
Cotyledon stays within kernel  nutrients from endosperm to seedling
Evolution
Basal Angiosperms
Monocots
Magnoliids
Eudicots
Photo Credits: ACC Field Biology Student, 2005
The End
Unless otherwise specified, all images in this presentation came from:
Campbell, et al. 2008. Biology, 8th ed. Pearson Benjamin Cummings.