ORGANISATION DE COOPÉRATION ET DE DEVELOPMENT ÉCONOMIQUES
OECD
OCDE
ORGANISATION FOR ECONOMIC CO-OPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT
Joint session
Agenda item 13 (a)
Foreign Affiliates Trade in Services Statisticsand Metadata?
Presentation by OECD Statistics Directorate
STATISTICS DIRECTORATE –
INTERNATIONAL TRADE &
STRUCTURAL ECONOMIC STATISTICS
1
Foreign Affiliates Trade in
Services (FATS) Statistics
• FATS statistics at OECD collected by DSTI
(globalisation)
• Cooperation with STD (trade in goods and
services).
• Both areas cooperate closely with Eurostat,
both on standards and in matters of data
collection
• Eurostat develop standards at the EU level.
STATISTICS DIRECTORATE INTERNATIONAL TRADE &
STRUCTURAL ECONOMIC STATISTICS
2
Globalisation statistics
• 1. Globalisation statistics focus on the
activities of MNEs and of their foreign
affiliates
• the role they play in our economies
• impact they have on investment,
employment, production, R&D etc
• Also of interest to trade negotiations
STATISTICS DIRECTORATE INTERNATIONAL TRADE &
STRUCTURAL ECONOMIC STATISTICS
3
Trade interest
• Trade negotiations are concerned with
allowing or resisting market access
• The General Agreement on Trade in
Services (GATS)
• Recognises many services can only be
delivered in co-location with the customer
• delivery through commercial presence
(mode 3)
STATISTICS DIRECTORATE INTERNATIONAL TRADE &
STRUCTURAL ECONOMIC STATISTICS
4
Commercial presence
(GATS mode 3) and FATS
• Measures of mode 3 have focused on activity of
foreign-owned affiliates delivering services
• sales, value added, employment, exports and
imports
– by activity
– by partner country
• activity is divided into inward and outward
• Inward refers to activity of foreign-owned firms in
reporting economy
• Outward concerns activity of domestically-owned
firms abroad
STATISTICS DIRECTORATE INTERNATIONAL TRADE &
STRUCTURAL ECONOMIC STATISTICS
5
Developing FATS statistics
• Mode 3 and FATS statistics along with BOP trade
in services forms the basis of MSITS
• About 150 countries report BOP trade in services
data to IMF
• Only 24 countries known to publish or report to
some kind of FATS statistics in 2005, 3 more than
2004.
• 11 countries produce outward FATS statistics.
• FATS statistics were published for first time by
OECD in 2002.
• How to strengthen the development of FATS and
MNE statistics?
STATISTICS DIRECTORATE INTERNATIONAL TRADE &
STRUCTURAL ECONOMIC STATISTICS
6
International guidelines
• MSITS published 2002
• OECD Handbook of Economic
Globalisation Indicators published 2005
• HEGI recommendations for FATS
consistent with MSITS with some
difference of emphasis
• More emphasis on parent companies and
determination rules of ownership chains.
STATISTICS DIRECTORATE INTERNATIONAL TRADE &
STRUCTURAL ECONOMIC STATISTICS
7
Compilation guidance
• UN Statistical Commission requested
compilation guidance.
• HEGI provides some compilation guidance
in chapter 3
• Eurostat preparing recommendations
manual for FA regulation
• The role of worldwide international
organisations UNCTAD?
STATISTICS DIRECTORATE INTERNATIONAL TRADE &
STRUCTURAL ECONOMIC STATISTICS
8
Need for good metadata
• HEGI provides some compilation guidance
on activity of MNEs in Chapter 3
• pages 119 to 130
• selecting data collection methods
• selecting statistical units
• raises a variety of issues regarding
international comparability of data
• MSITS and HEGI raise explicitly and
implicitly need for good metadata
STATISTICS DIRECTORATE INTERNATIONAL TRADE &
STRUCTURAL ECONOMIC STATISTICS
9
Eurostat-OECD Questionnaire
2005(OECD version) metadata
questions :
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Agency responsible for survey
Frequency of survey
Title of publication
On concept of control used
Indirect control
Ultimate beneficial owner
Ultimate host country
Parent companies
Industry classification used
Employment measure
Value added
Metadata questions not always answered very well.
Results not yet published by OECD
STATISTICS DIRECTORATE INTERNATIONAL TRADE &
STRUCTURAL ECONOMIC STATISTICS
10
Conclusion and Question
• Need for more and better FATS data and
metadata remains for globalization and trade
analysis.
• OECD globalization experts meet in November
in Paris
• OECD FATS questionnaires due back with
metadata (deadline 15 Sep)
• Do countries have methodological information
on their FATS statistics available?
STATISTICS DIRECTORATE INTERNATIONAL TRADE &
STRUCTURAL ECONOMIC STATISTICS
11