The SEEA revision
Key issues and outcomes
Mark de Haan
Content presentation
1. SEEA main building blocks
2. Revision issues
3. Implementation
SEEA revision - key issues and outcomes
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1. Revised SEEA
1. Standardised accounts
•
•
•
Physical flow accounts
Monetary accounts (e.g. EPEA,EGSS, Taxes)
Asset accounts (physical and monetary)
2. Experimental ecosystem accounts
3. Applications and policy uses
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Physical flow accounts (Chapter 3)
• (extended) Supply-use tables in physical
units
• Supply-use identity
• Input-output identity
• Materials (kg), Energy (j) and Water (m3)
• Coverage of flows
• Natural inputs
• Product flows
• Residuals (waste, emissions to air and water)
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Monetary accounts (Chapter 4)
• Environmental protection expenditures
• Environmental goods and services sector
• Other environmentally related transactions
•
•
•
•
•
Taxes
Subsidies (and similar transfers)
Permits to use environmental assets
Tradable emission permits
Assets related transactions, terminal and remedial
costs
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Asset accounts (Chapter 5)
• Coverage of assets:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Mineral and energy resources
Land
Soil resources
Timber resources
Aquatic resources
Other biological resources
Water resources
• Broader scope in physical terms (provide or could provide
benefits)
• SEEA follows SNA boundary for monetary asset accounts
• Accounting for depletion of renewable and non-renewable
resources
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Asset accounts (Chapter 5)
Structure physical asset accounts
Mineral &
energy
resources
Opening stock of resources Yes
Additions to stock of resources
Growth in stock na
Discoveries of new stock Yes
Upwards reappraisals Yes
Reclassifications Yes
Total additions to stock
Reductions in stock of resources
Extractions Extractions
Normal reductions in stock na
Catastrophic losses Yes*
Downwards reappraisals Yes
Reclassifications na
Total reductions in stock
Closing stock of resources Yes
Land (incl.
forest land)
Soil resources
Timber resources
Fish resources
Yes
Yes
Cultivated
Yes
Natural
Yes
Cultivated
Yes
Natural
Yes
Land
reclamation
Soil formation
Soil deposition
Natural
growth
Natural
growth
Growth
Growth
Precipitation
Returns
na
na
Yes
na
Yes*
Yes
na
Yes*
Yes
na
Yes*
Yes
Yes*
Yes*
Yes
Yes*
Yes*
Yes
Yes*
Yes*
Yes
na
na
Soil extraction
Erosion
Yes*
na
Yes
Yes*
Yes*
Yes
Removals
Natural
losses
Yes
Yes*
Yes
Removals
Natural
losses
Yes
Yes*
Yes
Harvest
Gross catch
Normal losses Normal
losses
Yes
Yes
Yes*
Yes*
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
SEEA revision - key issues and outcomes
Yes
Water
resources
Yes
Yes
Abstraction
Evaporation
Yes*
Yes*
na
Yes
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2. Revision issues
A few examples:‘those of interest from NA point of
view’
• Valuation of natural resources
• Resource rents, NPV calculations
• Market based alternatives (catch entitlements)
• Accounting for depletion
• Resource rent = depletion + income element
• Renewables (maximum sustainable catch)
• Split ownership and reallocation of depletion element
• Industrial processing
• 2008 SNA ‘net’ recording not applicable to physical flows
• Tradable emission permits
• Payment of rent or tax: does SEEA recognise the underlying
asset?
• If a tax what should be the preferred recording in SEEA?
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3. Implementation
• Common subset of SEEA accounts?
• Environmental issues may differ between regions
(particularly developed versus developing countries)
• International harmonised implementation will certainly
strengthen the use of accounts (in stead of loose
indicator sets)
• Guidance OECD Green Growth strategy
• indicators reflecting the environmental efficiency of
production (Chapter 3)
• indicators of the natural asset base (Chapter 5)
• indicators monitoring the environmental quality of life
(SEEA – Ecosystem accounts)
• indicators describing policy responses and economic
opportunities (Chapter 4)
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i
ii
iii
iv
Group
Indicator
Time
series
Environmental
Efficiency
Production-based greenhouse gas intensity
1990-2009
Consumption-based greenhouse gas
emissions
Energy efficiency
1996; 2009
Renewable energy
1990-2009
Surpluses of nutrients
1990-2009
Material intensity
1996-2008
Water use intensity
1990-2009
Waste treatment
1985-2008
Stocks of timber
1990-2005
Fish inputs
1996-2008
Natural gas reserves
1990-2010
Land conversion into built-up land
Threat to biodiversity
1900-2006
1994-2005
Pollution induced health problems
1980-2000
Green patents
2000-2006
Share of green taxes
1990-2009
Energy prices
Carbon trade
Environmental investments
1990-2009
2005-2009
1990-2007
Green jobs
1995-2008
Natural asset
base
Environmental
quality of life
Policy
responses
SEEA revision - key issues and outcomes
Trend
greening
growth
1990-2009
-
-
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3. Implementation
Conclusions:
• Common (OECD) SEEA implementation strategy
seems useful
• Green Growth initiative provides useful guidance
• Priority setting
• building blocks: physical flow -, asset - and
expenditure accounts
• Policy areas: e.g. climate change, air quality, resource
scarcity and efficiency, biodiversity, green jobs
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Thank you!
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