Workshop on the International Measurement of Culture
Item 2.4 The Draft OECD Data Tables (Helen Beilby-Orrin, OECD)
Room Document
Paris, OECD Headquarters, La Muette
4-5 December 2006
OECD, 2006
1
From the OECD Draft Report, page 39
Table COM.1
OECD Initial Estimates of the Contribution of Cultural Industries to GDP for Five Countries
Australia
1998-99
A$
millions
Advertising
Architecture
Video, film and photography
Music and the visual and performing arts 1
Publishing / Written media
of which: Printing
Radio and TV (Broadcasting)
Art and antiques trade
Design (including Designer fashion)
Crafts
Total of above
Total economy (GDP or GVA)
Libraries (includes archives)
Museums
Heritage sites
Electronic games
* OECD estimate
Canada
2002
%
GDP
C$
millions
%
GDP
2,464
788
2,397
952
6,590
5,640
3,474
74
313
na
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
0.5%
0.1%
0.4%
0.2%
1.2%
1.0%
0.6%
0.0%
0.1%
na
2,856
1,084
3,909
2,576
19,427
na
5,305
1,082
1,226
na
*
*
*
*
*
17,053
*
3.1%
37,465
*
100.0%
1,069,703
..
..
na
1,236
550
672
na
na
542,831
792.2
716.4
na
na
#
#
France
2003
*
*
*
*
*
*
%
GVA
£
millions
0.3%
0.1%
0.4%
0.2%
1.8%
na
0.5%
0.1%
0.1%
na
11,858
2,524
5,155
3,425
11,283
4,851
4,878
413
363
na
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
0.8%
0.2%
0.4%
0.2%
0.8%
0.3%
0.3%
0.0%
0.0%
na
5,000
4,000
2,200
3,700
14,950
6,350
6,200
500
5,630
na
3.5%
39,899
*
2.8%
42,180
100.0%
1,434,812
100.0%
0.1%
0.1%
0.1%
na
148
na
*
na
8,169
*
# income data
See notes on following page.
OECD, 2006
€
millions
UK
2003
2
USA
2002
%
GVA
US$
millions
%
GVA
0.7%
0.5%
0.3%
0.5%
2.1%
0.9%
0.9%
0.1%
0.7%
na
20,835
19,111
39,076
30,294
116,451
45,662
101,713
195
13,463
na
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
0.2%
0.2%
0.4%
0.3%
1.1%
0.4%
1.0%
0.0%
0.1%
na
5.8%
341,139
*
3.3%
732,395
100.0%
10,469,601
na
0.0%
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
1,112
3,294
508
*
*
*
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.6%
20,700
2.8%
129,636
*
1.2%
*
*
100.0%
WARNING:
These data are initial estimates and should be interpreted with extreme caution, bearing in mind that:
1) They are based on national cultural industry typologies.
2) The contents of individual heading are different from one country to another.
3) Treatment of taxes such as VAT (value added tax) is not consistent across countries. In order to maintain consistency between the numerator and the
denominator when calculating the percentages, the total GVA (gross value added) or GDP (gross domestic product) has been used as appropriate.
Australia: Data are OECD estimates derived from output by product and by industry data presented in ABS, Arts and Culture in Australia: A Statistical
Overview, e.g. Table 6.1 p.44. Value added to output ratios were derived from various ABS Service Industries Surveys available on the ABS website.
Canada: Statistics Canada estimates at www.statcan.ca/english/freepub/87-008-GIE/them/economiccont.htm. These are updates to the tables presented in
Statistics Canada, Economic Contribution of Culture in Canada, December 2004 (Cat. No.81-595-MIE) also available on the Statistics Canada website. The
category "Support activities" used in the Canadian framework has been distributed proportionally across the other sectors.
France: Data are OECD estimates. They were derived from INSEE turnover data, supplied by the French Ministry of Culture and Communications, by
applying value added to turnover ratios taken from INSEE and OECD data. Total GVA has been taken from INSEE national accounts data.
UK: UK DCMS estimates are based on UK ONS (Office for National Statistics) data taken from the DCMS Creative Industries Economic Estimates Statistical
Bulletin October 2005 - Revised Version at www.culture.gov.uk/global/research/statistics_outputs/creative_industries_eco_est.htm. The table departs from
the equivalent DCMS table in that the activities of the printing industry have been added to "Publishing" and the "Total of above". This has been done to
enhance cross-country comparability.
USA: Data are OECD estimates. They were derived from Bureau of Economic Analysis and US Bureau of the Census data. These estimates should be used
with particular caution, given the number of assumptions applied in their preparation.
OECD, 2006
3
CULTURE STATISTICS FRAMEWORKS
Comparison of Vertical Axis and 1-dimensional coverage by Sector/Domain/Category
Matrix / 2-Dimensional Approach
Canada FCS (2004)
UK DET (2002)
Sector
Domain
Writing and published works
Books and Press
Software in AudioVisual
Film and video
Audio-Visual
5. Cinema and photography
1-Dimensional Approach
Australia (2006)
Sector
Literature and print media
Digital content creation,
Electronic media
Film
UK Creative industries
Sector
Publishing
Computer games, software and
electronic publishing
In Video, film and photography
6. Broadcasting
Broadcasting
Radio and TV
2. Music
3. Performing arts
Music composition and
publishing, Other arts
Performing arts
In Music and the visual and
performing arts
In Music and the visual and
performing arts
In Design
Crafts
Visual art
Crafts
Architecture
EU LEG (1999)
Domain
Books and Press
Multimedia?
UNESCO FCS (1986)
Category
1. Printed matter and literature
Broadcasting
In Audio-Visual
Sound recording and music
publishing
Performing arts
In Audio-Visual
Performance
Audio and Audio/visual
Multmedia
In Audio and Audio/visual
Multmedia
In Audio and Audio/visual
Multmedia
Performing Arts
Visual art (original art)
Visual art
Visual Arts
4. Pictorial and plastic arts
Visual arts and crafts
Architecture
In Visual art
Architecture
Photography
In Audio-Visual
Photography in Visual arts
…. as monuments in 0. Cultural
heritage
See cinema above
Design
In Visual art
In Visual arts
Architecture services in
Design
Commercial photography
in Visual arts and crafts
Graphic and Other design
Advertising
Festivals
Heritage
In Audio-Visual
In all categories
Heritage (museums,
botanical gardens and
zoos, historical sites).
Audio visual in AudioVisual
In Books and Press???
Visual art – other (non-core)
Other information services
(Libraries and archives)
Includes arts schools (but not
arts teachers)
Educational activities
in all categories
(Sport)
Advertising in Design
In all categories
Cultural Heritage
Libraries
Archives
Educational activities in all
categories
0. Cultural heritage
7. Socio-cultural activities
9. Nature and the environment
1.3 Libraries in 1. Printed matter
and literature
0.4 Archival heritage in 0. Cultural
heritage
Includes arts schools (and arts
teachers)
8. Sports and games
(Tourism)
OECD, 2006
4
Art museum / Galleries
Other museums
Libraries and archives
Arts education
Sports and physical
recreation
In Video, film and photography
Design
Designer fashion
Advertising
Arts/antiques trade
CULTURE STATISTICS FRAMEWORKS
Horizontal axis (Function/Chain.Cycle):
Canadian
FCS (2004)
Creative Creation
chain
Production
Manufacturing Distribution
Consumption
Education
UK DET
(2002)
Cultural Creation
Cycle
Making
Dissemination
Exhibition /
Reception
Archiving
Preservation
Education /
Understanding
EU LEG
(1999)
Function Creation
Production
Dissemination
Trade / Sales
Education
Preservation
UNESCO
FCS (1986)
Function
Transmission/
Dissemination
Reception/
Consumption
Preservation/
Registration
Production
Sales
Australia
(2006)
OECD, 2006
Creation/
Production
Creation
5
Participation
(Support
activities)
MAPPING OF CULTURE INDUSTRY CODES
across 3 major international industry classifications
Culture / Creative Industry (1)
Advertising
NACE 1.1
EU
74.40
ISIC 3.1
UN
7430
Architecture
74.20
x
7421
x
Video, film and photography
22.32
92.10
x
x
92.72
74.87
74.81
x
x
x
2230
9211
9212
9249
7499
7494
22.14
22.31
x
of which: Photography
Music and the visual and performing arts
Sound recording and music publishing
Visual and Performing arts
(including Festivals)
92.31
92.32
92.34
92.72
Publishing / Written media
Printing
Radio and TV (Broadcasting)
Art and antiques trade
Design (including Designer Fashion)
(very small proportion of these codes)
"
"
"
Crafts
Libraries (includes archives)
Museums
Historic and heritage sites
Other heritage institutions
Included in UK Creative industries list:
Computer games, Software, Electronic publishing
22.11
22.12
22.13
22.15
74.87
92.40
22.2
92.20
x
x
2213
2230
7499
9214
9219
9249
x
2219
x
7499
9220
222
9213
x
x
x
x
x
x
17.00
18.00
x
x
19.30
x
92.5
92.5
92.5
92.5
x
x
22.33
72.2
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
2230
x
x
722
x
56131
7114
54192
5122
334612
7111
7114
7115
7113
7114
56131
51113
51111
51112
51114
51119
51911
7115
323
515
516
5175
56131
45392
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
5414
313
314
315
1920 x
316
(no codes currently identified)
9231
51912
9232 x
71211
9232 x
71212
9233 x
71219
(1) Derived from culture and creative industry groupings used in Canada and UK.
6
x
x
9249
5219
5239
5259
5240
2222
7499
1700
1800
x "part of"
OECD, 2006
x
x
2211
2212
92.72
52.12
52.48
52.63
52.50
74.87
Source: OECD.
x
x
NAICS 2002
North America
54181
54182
54131
54132
334612
x
5121
334611
516
5112
5415
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
Summary of Replies to the Culture Questionnaire
Country
Integrated
Programme?
Defined
framework?
Specific
classification?
Satellite
Account?
Australia
Austria
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
Yes
No
Yes
No
Yes
No
No
No
No
Not stated
Not yet
Yes
Not yet
Yes
No
Yes
No
Not yet
No
No
No
Not yet
Yes
No
No
No
No
Yes: UNESCO and
LEG/EUROSTAT
Not stated
No
Yes
Yes
No
Yes: UNESCO
Not yet
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Mexico
Yes
Yes
Yes
Not yet
Netherlands
No
Yes
Yes
No
Yes: UNESCO and
LEG/EUROSTAT
Yes: UNESCO and
LEG/EUROSTAT
Yes:
ICOM-UNESCO
New Zealand
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Yes
Yes
Yes
Partially
No
Yes
No
Yes
No
Yes
No
No
Yes
No
No
No
Yes
Not yet
Yes (in
progress)
No
Yes
No
No
No
No
No
No
??
??
Belgium
Canada
Czech
Republic
Denmark
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Iceland
Ireland
Italy
Japan
Korea
Luxembourg
Slovak Republic
Spain
Not
specifically
for culture
No
Sweden
No
Switzerland
Yes
Turkey
No
United
Kingdom
United States
EC
??
OECD, 2006
7
Refer to
international
standard?
No
Yes: UNESCO and
LEG/EUROSTAT
Yes: UNESCO and
EUROSTAT
Yes (ICOM)
No