International Measurement of Culture John C Gordon Statistics Directorate Paris, 4-5 December, 2006

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International Measurement of Culture

John C Gordon

Statistics Directorate

Paris, 4-5 December, 2006

Framework

UNESCO FCS

– 1986: Framework published

– 2006: Framework revisited/reworked

Eurostat 2000 LEG

Many others

Are we going to start all over again?

NO

2

Framework Principles

Clear Comprehensive Framework is crucial to comparability

Should co-ordinate not conflict with other international frameworks.

Comprehensive - integrate a variety of aspects using multiple standards:

– Industry/economic activity

– Occupation

– Product

– Government expenditures

– Consumer expenditures

3

Some Concerns

Secondary activity (industry/occupation) usually hidden

Culture industries not necessarily homogeneous, not well measured by sample surveys

Volunteers mostly invisible

Culture not well served by most standards.

4

OECD Scope (interim)

(draft report, p9)

Advertising

Architecture

Video, film and photography

Music and the visual and performing arts incl. festivals

Publishing / Written media incl. printing

Radio and TV (Broadcasting)

Art and antiques trade

Design (including Designer fashion)

Crafts

Libraries (includes archives)

Museums

Heritage sites

Electronic games

5

The Culture Sector's

*

Share

Culture Contribution to GDP

– Australia 3.1%

– Canada

– France

– USA

– UK

3.5%

2.8%

3.3%

5.8%

(1998)

(2002)

(2003)

(2002)

(2003)

Culture Portion of Labour Force

– Australia 5.1% (2001)

– Canada

– USA

– UK

3.8%

2.5%

4.3%

(2003)

(2003)

(2004)

6

The Economy of Culture in

Europe (EC 2006)

“A strategic approach to the culture Sector needs to be informed by the development of appropriate statistical tools and indicators at both national and

European levels. . . In Europe, in the framework of statistical systems currently implemented, the statistical categorisations are not adapted to cultural activities and occupations. In addition, data generally provided by national statistical institutes either do not offer the level of details required, or are not available at all.

Establish a strong quantitative evidence base for policy makers.

7

Importance of Measures Social

Impact

Economic outcomes are not why most people become involved in culture and, therefore, economic indicators alone cannot be expected to provide exhaustive measures of the benefits cultural involvement brings to individuals and to the societies formed by these individuals.

8

Criteria for Measures

They must be measurable. That is to say that the underlying data required to produce the measure must be available or, if not presently available, there must be a practical methodology available to obtain the required data.

Comparisons at the international level must be meaningful, and of course, the measures must be truly comparable.

These comparisons should be useful to policy makers at the national level.

9

Clarity

Data gatherer must understand what data are needed.

Data provider must understand what data are being requested.

Both gatherer and provider must have the SAME understanding

10

Classification Standards

National standards

International standards

Revision to standards – OECD role

Culture specific standards

Allocation factors

Generic methodologies

11

Finland

Chile

Satellite Accounts

Columbia

Mexico

Convenio Andrés Bello offering support

OECD expert group ?

12

What's next this morning?

OECD Data table construction

Coffee

Discussion of frameworks

13

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