Universidad Autónoma de Chiriquí
Faculty of medicine
School of Emergencias
Subject:
Scientific English
Instructor:
Marisol Barraza
Group presentation project:
“Fracture, Sprains, Strains & Dislocations”
Group members:
Gabriel, Rodriguez 4-762-1817
Stefany, Lezcano 4-763-831
Joselyn,Rovira 4-763-273
Maryleivis, Guerra 4-764-2236
Date:
November 21,2011
INDEX
1.Glossary…………………………………………………………………...1-2
2.Fractures……………………………………………………………………..3
2.1.Signs and symptoms……………………………………………………4
2.2.Causes……………………………………………………………………5
2.3.the most common fracture……………………………………………..6
2.4.First AID treatment……………………………………………………..7
2.5.lifting & carrying in fractures…………………………………………..8
3.Sprains……………………………………………………………………….9
3.1.Signs and symptoms……………………………………………………10
3.2.Causes…………………………………………………………………...11
3.3.the most common sprains…………………………………………......12
3.4.First AID treatment……………………………………………………...13
3.5. lifting & carrying in sprains…………………………………………….14
4.Strains………………………………………………………………………..15
4.1.Signs and symptoms……………………………………………………16
4.2.Causes……………………………………………………………………17
4.3.the most common strains……………………………………………...18
4.4.First AID treatment………………………………………………………19
4.5. lifting & carrying in strains………………………………………........20
5.Dislocations………………………………………………………………….21
5.1. Signs and symptoms……………………………………………………22
5.2.Causes……………………………………………………………………23
5.3.the most common dislocations………………………………………...24
5.4.First AID treatment………………………………………………………25
5.5. lifting & carrying in dislocations…………………………………........26
6.First AID Equipment and medications……………………………………27
7.Bibliography……………………………………………………………………28
Glossary
1. Fractures: fracturas.
2 .Sprains: esguinces de ligamentos.
3. Strains: esguinces de un músculo o un tendón
4. Dislocations: dislocación
5. Grating sensation: sensación de fricción
6. Bones rubbing together: los huesos se rozan entre si.
7. Tenderness: Cuidado
8. Bruising: moretones
9. Splint affected area: entablillar el área afectada
10. Further pain: más dolor o un nuevo dolor.
11. Further injury unless moved: un mayor prejuicio en el
traslado
12. Warmth: calor
13.Falls : caída
A.
Definitions:
A broken bone in to excessive force.
a)
Inflammation
d)Internal injuries such as:
d.1. bleeding
b) Pain
d.2. bowel perforation
e)Injury to the skin
c) Deformity injury
area
f) Muscle spasms
A high force impact or stress.
 Osteoporosis (bone cancer) causes
broken bones.

Closed fracture(simple)
 Open fracture(compound)
 Greenstick fracture(incomplete)
 Comminuted fracture

1.
2.
3.
4.
Stop any bleeding.
Immobilize the injured area.
Apply ice packs to limit swelling and
help relieve pain.
Treat the shock.
Definitions:
It is an injury in a joint, caused by ligament being
stretched beyong its capacity.
A.
a) Pain
b)Swelling
c)Bruising
move
d) Decreased ability to
e) the ligament is ruptured
f) Difficulty using the affected extremity
The join overextended
b) Over stretching of the joints
c) exercising , playing and other sports
a)
1.
Ankle sprains
3.Finger sprain
2.Sprained wrist
RICE:
Rest
2. Ice
3. Compression
4. Elevation
1.
Definitions:
It is an injury to a muscle or tendon in which the
muscle fibers tear as result of overstretching.
A.
a) Pain
b) Swelling
c) Muscle spasms
d) Limited ability to moved the affected
muscle
a) The may occur on the job or during sports:
gymnastics, tennis, rowing, golf and other.
1.Groin pull
2. Hamstring injury
Hamstring
injury
3.Neck strains
RICE:
Rest
2. Ice
3. Compression
4. Elevation
1.
Definitions:
It is an injury in which the ends of your bones are their
not positions.
A.
a) Pain
b)Swelling
e) Difficulty to move the injured area
f) Deformity of the dislocated area
g) Bruising in the injured area
Include:
a) Sports injured
b) Falls

Shoulders dislocations

Fingers dislocations
RISR
Reduction
2. Immobilization
3. Surgery
4. Rehabilitation
1.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Equipment
Splints
Crutches
Ice (cold packs)
Bandage
Sterile bandage
Triangular bandage
Padding
Elastics wraps or
sleeves
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Medications
Anti-clotting medications
Anti-coagulant drugs
Over-the-counter pain
relievers
Ibuprofen( Advil ,Motrin)
Acetaminophen (Tylenol)

1.
2.

1.
2.

1.
2.

1.
2.

1.
Bone fracture
http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/bone fracture
http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/file:broken fixed arm.jpg
Strains
http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/strains injury
http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/file:2010-10-02 pulled
hamstring.jpg
Sprains
http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/sprain
http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/file:sprained foot.jpg
Dislocations
http//www.Ipch.org/diseasehealthInfo/healthlibrary/orto
paedics/dislocat.html
http//www.Ipch.org/diseasehealthInfo/healthlibrary/orto
paedics/0389-pop.html
Fractures, dislocations and soft tissue injuries chapter 12
http//www.cynergex.com.au/PDF