Sustainable Alternative Jet Fuel
Update
Achievements / Next Steps
Air Transport: What Route to
Sustainability
Third ICAO Pre-Assembly Conference
Montreal, Canada
Richard L. Altman
Executive Director,
Commercial Aviation Alternative
Fuels Initiative (CAAFI)
®
www.caafi.org
Alternative Sustainable Fuel Dynamic
• Dimensioning a new
Sustainable Jet Fuel Dynamic
• Progress since 2009 ICAO
Conference (Rio 11/09)
• What are the key
remaining Needs?
• How can aviation cooperate
globally to meet these needs?
New Sustainable Dynamic Environment Need
120
Data for 50 Largest U.S.
Airports
100
80
Nonattainment
60
40
20
0
Ozone
Air Quality
Global Climate
PM 2.5
Reduce PM 2.5
Contain CO2 Growth
Carbon Neutral Growth Now Aviation’s Goal
• …… for FAA “Next Gen” Enviromental Team in U.S.
• …… by International Airlines (IATA) globally
*Notional View, Source Air Transport
Association of America
New Sustainable Economic
Dynamic Need
F
Gasoline
Jet < 10%
30
25
Improve Fuel Fraction
Million bbl per day
Diesel
20
U.S. Consumption
Total
Imports
15
70%
63%
10
5
U.S. Production
2005
0
1975
1985
1995
2005
2015
Enhance Supply Security
Reduce Crack Spread
5
Bridging Economic “Valley of Death” is Goal
Ref: Presentation AFRL (W. Harrison), 8/15/06
6
2009 Aviation Achievements
•
First Major Aviation Fuel Qualification
in 20 Years passed – ASTM D7566!
•
Four flight programs of Biofuels
•
ICAO Accepted Best Practices
- Risk management
- CO2 LCA Analysis Principles
- Implementation via CAAFI
and other processes
•
Four Commercial projects formed
Winner 2010 Air Transport World
Joseph S. Murphy Award
for Industry Service!
2010 Off to Excellent Start
•
Hydrotreated Renewable Jet (HRJ/ Bio-SPK)
tracking to 12/10 ASTM Approvals (Jan. - Present)
•
White House recognition of Aviation as lead
customer for Biofuels (Feb.)
•
FAA/DESC “Single Fuel Buyer” Alliance (March)
•
Greatly expanding the scope of potential
supplier discussions (April, May)
•
First Quantitative Jet Fuel Carbon LCA
(PARTNER) leads aviation centric impact
quantification (May)
•
“Farm to Fly” with USDA formalized (July)
“One Buyer” United Aviation Exhibit at
Farnborough Air Show (July)
•
Sustainable Jet, Where Are We?
• Over 50 Fuel Companies part of
CAAFI
• Four Existing “Off – Take”
Agreements” Several Additional
Negotiations.
• U.S. State and International
Deployment Initiatives Growing
37% of Top 100 Biofuel Companies
Predict 1 Billion Gallons of Renewable
Jet by 2020….Biofuels Digest 9/10/10
Multiple Success Models (U.S. Example)
* airline/producer agreements ** study proposals or Pilot Plants
Arizona
California*
Florida **
Georgia**
Hawaii**
Illinois
Michigan**
Mississippi*
Ohio**
New York**
Pennsylvania**
Oklahoma
Tennessee**
Texas**
Washington*
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Going Forward
What is Needed?
Where/How can
Cooperation help?
To Achieve Aviation Goals…..
• Ensure that Multiple Feedstocks and
Processes Are Matured/ Qualified
• Achieve “Feedstock Readiness” via
disciplined systems risk management.
• Quantify Carbon Gains and Reduce
Environmental/Sustainability Uncertainty
• Capitalize on Local Air Quality gains (not
just CO2)
• Leverage success models to ensure
unique focused “single customer” status
Jet Fuel Approval Process Working Well
D1655
5.1 Materials and
Manufacture
Table 1
Fuel Produced to D7566 Can
Be Designated as D1655 Fuel
D7566
Blend Comp’s Criteria
and Blend % Limits
Av Turbine Fuel Containing
Syn HC’s
Table 1
Annex 1
Annex 2
Annex 3
50%
Other Adv Metabolic
Fuels or Blends
50%
Hydpross’d
SPK Fuel
Blends
Blended Fuel
Performance
Properties
• ASTM D7566
Passed Sept 09
• On track for HRJ
passage 12/10
Processes
13
All FeedStocks and Processes Required!
- Certified by end 2011
- Targets for 2013, 2014
Biomass
Hydrolysis /
Fermentation
FRJ
Bio - Oil Extraction
Bio - Oils
Ligno-cellulosic
Bio-Conversion
Gasification
Pyrolysis /
Liquifaction
PRJ
CRJ
Methanol
Synthesis
Esterification Hydrotreatment
Ethanol /
C2+ Alcohols
FAME
HRJ SynJet
Syngas
2nd Gen.
Biofuels
HRJ Hydrotreated Renewable Jet
FT Fischer Tropsch Process
Fischer Tropsch
Process
Shift Reaction
SynJet
Methanol Hydrogen FT SynJet
FRJ Fermentation Renewable Jet
PRJ Pyrolysis Renewable Jet
CRJ Catalytic Renewable Jet
Feedstock Readiness?
• Grow yield/acre in
reduced time frame
• Improve growth in
dry / high saline soil
conditions
• Address invasive
species concerns
Working “Feedstock Readiness”
System Methods with Agriculture
Aviation Specific Carbon LCA Available!
Analysis Represents
- Cumulative Totals
- with Variability Bands
Next Pathways
considered next:
- Sugar cane to
Fermented Jet (FRJ)
- Pyrolysis Oils to Blend
Stock
Data from Stratton et al. MIT/PARTNER (2010)
Capitalize on Air Quality (PM 2.5) Gains
0%
Air Quality Regulations Increasing
Data for 50 Largest U.S.
Airports
120
% Change in Particle Number Density
12.5
-12%
25
37.5
50
62.5
75
87.5
100
-13%
-25%
-25%
-30%
-33%
-41%
-50%
-50%
-51%
-57%
-61%
-68%
Cruise
-75%
-75%
-78%
Idle
-86%
-92%
100
-100%
80
Nonattainment
60
12.5
25
37.5
50
62.5
75
87.5
-96%
100
% Volume of FT Fuel in JP-8
40
Large Gains with Alternatives
20
0
Ozone
PM 2.5
PM 2.5 Is Next Target
CAAFI Supply Chain Model Success
Facilitate
Maximum
Opportunity
“Flow-up”
Focus and
Communicate
Requirements
“Flow Down”
Now 50+ suppliers
/stakeholders
Nearly 20
Airlines with
agreements
DISTRIBUTORS / FBO’S
FUEL PRODUCERS
FEEDSTOCK SUPPLIERS
Global Links To One Aviation Customer
2006
SWAFEA
2009
ABRABA
2010
New Sustainable Fuel Dynamic Achievable
Algae – U.S.
Sugarcane - Brazil
Pyrolysis - Holland