The environmental
liability in outer space
mining
Environmental Damage
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in space law
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In international law
Lauching State and the Fault
Space Object
Nuclear Power Source
Environmental Damage
Environmental damage in space law
The term damage means loss of life, personal injury or other impairment of health, or loss of or
damage to property of States or of persons, natural or judicial, or property of international
intergovernmental organizations“.
Art.1 Liability Convention
“In exploring and using the Moon, State Parties shall take measures to prevent the disruption of the
existing balance of its environment, whether by introducing ad verse changes in that environment,
by its harmful contamination through the introduction of extra-environmental matter or
otherwise” .
Art.7 Moon Agreement
“The exploration and use of outer space, including the Moon and other celestial bodies, shall be
carried out for the benefit and in the interests of all countries irrespective of their degree of
economic or scientific development, and shall be the province of all mankind“
Art. I Outer Space Treaty
“(…)States Parties to the treaty shall pursue studies of outer space, including Moon and other
celestial bodies, and conduct exploration of them so as to avoid their harmful contamination and
also adverse changes in the environment of the Earth resulting from the introduction of
extraterrestrial matter and, where necessary, shall adopt appropriate measures for this
purpose(…)”
Art. IX Outer Space Treaty
Environmental damage in international law
Launching State and the
Fault
Art. I of the Liability Convention
Launching State “means a State which launches or
procures the launching of a space object or a state from
whose territory of facility a space object is launched”
Liability of the State and civil liability
Space Object
Art. I Liability Convention
“The term space object includes components parts of a
space object as well as its launch vehicle and parts
therefore”
Nuclear Power Source
The launching State is obliged to pay a compensation for
“duly substantiated expenses for search, recovery and
clean-up operations, including for assistance received
from this parties“
Principle 9(3) of the Principles Relevant to the Use of Nuclear Power Sources in Outer Space
Thank you!