Animal Disease Emergencies
Local Response
Preparedness and Planning
Animal Industry
Note to Presenter
The following presentation provides an
overview of animal disease emergency
preparedness, prevention, response and
recovery measures.
• Supplemental PowerPoints on each topic
are available for inclusion into this
presentation or for stand alone
presentations, depending on time allotted
and interest of the audience.
•
HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH
Animal Disease Emergency Local Preparedness and Response, 2008
Overview
•
•
•
•
•
What are animal disease
emergencies
Who may be involved
What to expect
Importance of preparing
at the local level
How you can prepare
HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH
Animal Disease Emergency Local Preparedness and Response, 2008
Preparing and Responding to
an Animal Disease Emergency
Prepare
• Identify
• Local
stakeholders and resources in community
plan development
• Practice:
• Animal
Prevent
table tops, functional exercises
ID and Premises ID
•Awareness
and education
•Biosecurity
Respond
• Detection/diagnosis;
surveillance
• Contain:
Quarantine, isolation, stop movements;
biosecurity
• Control:
depopulation and disposal, vaccination,
cleaning and disinfection
Recover
•Indemnity
•Business
HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH
continuity
Animal Disease Emergency Local Preparedness and Response, 2008
Animal Disease Emergencies
•
•
•
•
•
•
Affect large numbers of livestock
Most highly contagious/easily spread
Animal health impact
Economic consequences
Human health impact
Often called foreign animal diseases
(FAD) or high consequence
pathogens
HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH
Animal Disease Emergency Local Preparedness and Response, 2008
Means of Introduction
•
Intentional or
accidental
introduction of
foreign disease
agents
•
Emerging or
re-emerging
diseases
HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH
Animal Disease Emergency Local Preparedness and Response, 2008
Importance of Agriculture
Value of Agricultural Products
U.S.
Animal Number
Cattle
Pigs
~95
million
~61
million
Poultry
(layers)
338
million
Sheep
6 million
HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH
(2005)
Value
~$70.5
billion
~$4.5
billion
~$1
billion
~$600
million
Iowa
Number
~4
million
~17
million
~55
million
235,000
(2006)
Value
~$2.5
billion
~$4
billion
$407
million
(eggs)
~$33
million
Animal Disease Emergency Local Preparedness and Response, 2008
Iowa Agriculture, 2006
Farms 88,600
#1
Pork, eggs, corn, soybeans
#2
Red meat production
$6.5 billion pounds
National exports
$4 billion
#3
Total cash receipts
$14.8 billion
HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH
Animal Disease Emergency Local Preparedness and Response, 2008
Food Production Changes
•
•
•
Number of farms decreasing
Animal numbers rising on some farms
Opportunities
Increasing intensity/specialization
– Efficient food source: U.S. and world
–
•
Challenges
Disease control and eradication
– Devastating economic effects
–
HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH
Animal Disease Emergency Local Preparedness and Response, 2008
Impact of Animal Disease
•
Animal Health
–
•
Death, illness, loss of production
Economics
Loss or disruption of trade
– Loss of consumer confidence
– Movement restrictions
–
•
Human Health
Zoonoses
– Mental health
–
HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH
Animal Disease Emergency Local Preparedness and Response, 2008
Vulnerabilities
High density husbandry
• Mixing at auction markets
or transport by vehicles
•
–
Over 5 million cattle each year
Poor traceability of animals
• No immunity to foreign
animal diseases
• Centralized feed supply
and distribution
•
HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH
Animal Disease Emergency Local Preparedness and Response, 2008
Vulnerabilities
•
•
•
Diseases widespread
in other countries
Expanded international
trade and travel
Border penetration:
–
•
People, wild birds, mammals
Inadequate on-farm biosecurity
and FAD awareness
HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH
Animal Disease Emergency Local Preparedness and Response, 2008
Prepare
State and Federal Agencies
Iowa Department of Agriculture
and Land Stewardship (IDALS)
•
State Veterinarian: Dr. David Schmitt
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Animal health and control issues
Animal movement and tracking
State District Veterinarians (6)
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Foreign Animal Disease Diagnosticians (FADD)
•
•
Specially trained veterinarian
The Center for Agricultural Security
–
Iowa Veterinary Rapid Response
Team (IVRRT)
•
330 trained veterinarians and
animal health professionals
HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH
Animal Disease Emergency Local Preparedness and Response, 2008
STATE VETERINARIAN DISTRICTS
Dr. David Schmitt, State Veterinarian
Work: 515-281-8601 Cell: 515-669-3527
Lyon
Osceola
Dickinson
Emmet
Sioux
O'Brien
Clay
Palo Alto
Kossuth
Winnebago
Worth
Mitchell
Howard
Winneshiek
Dr. Pamela Smith
Dr. Tim Smith
Allamakee
Hancock
Cerro
Gordo
Floyd
Chickasa
w
Fayette
Plymouth
Buena
Vista
Cherokee
Pocahontas Humboldt
Wright
Franklin
Butler
Hardin
Grundy
Bremer
Webster
Woodbury
Dr. James Johnson
Ida
Sac
Black Hawk Buchanan
Calhoun
Hamilton
Tama
Monon
a
Crawford
Carroll
Greene
Clayton
Boone
Benton
Delaware
Linn
Dubuque
Jones
Jackson
Marshall
Story
Dr. Gary E. Eiben
Clinton
Cedar
Harrison
Shelby
Audubo
n
Guthrie
Cass
Adair
Dallas
Jasper
Polk
Poweshiek
Iowa
Johnson
Scott
Muscatine
Pottawattamie
Madison
Warren
Marion
Mahaska
Keokuk
Washington
Louisa
Dr. John Schiltz
Mills
Montgomery
Adams
Union
Clarke
Lucas
Monroe
Wapello
Jefferson
Dr. R.E. Welander
Henry
Des
Moines
Fremont
Page
Taylor
Ringgold
Decatur
Wayne
Appanoose
Davis
Van Buren
Lee
February 2008
HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH
Animal Disease Emergency Local Preparedness and Response, 2008
Iowa Premises
Identification Program
•
•
•
•
Voluntary Participant in National Animal
Identification System (NAIS)
Premise - any geographically unique
location in which agricultural animals
are raised, held or boarded
Complete application
–
www.agriculture.state.ia.us/premiseID.htm
–
Premise Identification Number (PIN)
Allied agricultural and non-producer
participants can also be assigned PINs
HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH
Animal Disease Emergency Local Preparedness and Response, 2008
Additional State Agencies Involved
•
Iowa Homeland Security and Emergency
Management Division (HSEMD)
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•
Department of Natural Resources (DNR)
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Resource management
Animal disposal issues
Livestock burial maps
Iowa Department of Public Health (IDPH)
–
–
Human health issues
State Public Health Veterinarian
•
Dr. Ann Garvey
HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH
Animal Disease Emergency Local Preparedness and Response, 2008
Additional Supporting Agencies
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•
•
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Iowa Department of Public Safety
Iowa Department of Transportation
Iowa National Guard
Iowa State University Extension
Iowa State University College of
Veterinary Medicine
HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH
Animal Disease Emergency Local Preparedness and Response, 2008
Iowa Emergency
Response Plan
•
The State plan outlines who is
responsible for what and when
–
–
•
Each state agency is assigned responsibilities
Each agency determines how to meet
their responsibilities
Iowa Comprehensive Plan
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Iowa Emergency Response Plan
•
–
–
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Annex W: Infectious Animal Disease
Iowa Hazard Mitigation Plan
Iowa Disaster Recovery Plan
Iowa Critical Asset Protection Plan
HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH
Animal Disease Emergency Local Preparedness and Response, 2008
Federal Agencies
•
U.S. Department of Agriculture
–
Animal and Plant Health
Inspection Service (APHIS)
•
•
Veterinary Services (VS)
Emergency Management
and Diagnostics
–
–
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National Center for Animal Health Emergency
Management
National Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratories
The National Animal Health Laboratory
Network
HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH
Animal Disease Emergency Local Preparedness and Response, 2008
USDA Personnel in Iowa
•
Area Veterinarian In Charge (AVIC)
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9-Federal Veterinary Medical Officers
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Dr. Kevin Petersburg
All are Foreign Animal Disease
Diagnosticians
Area Emergency Coordinator
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Dr. Stephen Goff
•
Iowa, Nebraska
HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH
Animal Disease Emergency Local Preparedness and Response, 2008
USDA Federal Veterinary Medical Officers (VMO)
Dr. Kevin Petersburg, Area Veterinarian In Charge (AVIC)
Work: 515-284-4140
Dr. Pamela Smith
Osceola
Lyon
Dickinson
Emmet
Dr. Tim Smith
Kossuth
Winnebago
Worth
Mitchell
Dr. Gary E. Eiben
Howard
Winneshiek
Allamakee
Sioux
O'Brien
Clay
Palo Alto
Hancock
Cerro
Gordo
Floyd
Chickasa
w
Dr. Neil Rippke
Fayette
Plymouth
Buena
Vista
Cherokee
Pocahontas Humboldt
Wright
Franklin
Butler
Hardin
Grundy
Bremer
Webster
Woodbury
Ida
Sac
Black Hawk Buchanan
Calhoun
Hamilton
Tama
Dr. John Schiltz
Monon
a
Crawford
Carroll
Greene
Clayton
Boone
Benton
Delaware
Linn
Dubuque
Jones
Jackson
Dr. Sharon Fairchild
Marshall
Story
Clinton
Cedar
Harrison
Shelby
Audubo
n
Guthrie
Cass
Adair
Dallas
Jasper
Polk
Poweshiek
Iowa
Johnson
Scott
Muscatine
Pottawattamie
Madison
Warren
Marion
Mahaska
Keokuk
Washington
Louisa
Mills
Montgomery
Adams
Union
Clarke
Lucas
Monroe
Wapello
Jefferson
Henry
Des
Moines
Dr. James Johnson
Fremont
Page
Taylor
Ringgold
Decatur
Wayne
Appanoose
Davis
Dr. R.E. Welander
Van Buren
Lee
Dr. Don Otto
February. 2008
HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH
Animal Disease Emergency Local Preparedness and Response, 2008
National Animal Identification
System (NAIS)
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Voluntary
Created to identify and trace livestock
State-to-state consistency
Goal: 48 hour trace of animals
in disease outbreak
Maintain contact information that can be
accessed in case of an animal health
emergency to speed notification
Premises ID, animal ID, animal movement
HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH
Animal Disease Emergency Local Preparedness and Response, 2008
U.S. Department of
Homeland Security (DHS)
•
Customs and Border Protection
317 ports of entry into US
– Imported animal and plant material
– Over 40,000 employees
3,000 agriculture specialists
–
•
•
•
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1 million conveyances
83 million passengers
3.6 million cargo inspections
Beagle Brigade
•
75,000 interceptions annually
HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH
Animal Disease Emergency Local Preparedness and Response, 2008
Veterinary Response Teams
National Veterinary
Response Teams
(NVRT)
• Veterinary Medical
Assistance Teams
(VMAT)
• National Animal
Health Emergency
Response Corps
(NAHERC)
•
HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH
Animal Disease Emergency Local Preparedness and Response, 2008
National Veterinary Stockpile
•
HSPD-9 (Jan 30, 2004)
–
National repository
of critical veterinary
supplies
•
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Vaccine, antiviral, drugs
PPE kits
Deploy within 24 hours
– Support response
efforts for 40 days
–
HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH
Animal Disease Emergency Local Preparedness and Response, 2008
National Response Framework
•
•
•
Incidents handled at the lowest
jurisdictional level possible
Emphasis on local response
Identify personnel responsible for
incident management at local level
Police, fire, public health, medical or
emergency management
– Veterinary, animal health professionals
– Private sector is key partner
–
HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH
Animal Disease Emergency Local Preparedness and Response, 2008
Prevent
Managing Disease Risk
Biological Risk
Management (BRM)
•
Overall process of
awareness education,
evaluation, and
management
•
Designed to improve
disease control
–
•
Foreign and domestic diseases
Provide tools to minimize risk
HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH
Animal Disease Emergency Local Preparedness and Response, 2008
Biological Risk
Management (BRM)
•
Disease risk cannot be
totally eliminated
Animal, its environment
– Decrease exposure to
disease agents
–
•
•
Minimize threat to
animals and humans
No one-size-fits-all answer
HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH
Animal Disease Emergency Local Preparedness and Response, 2008
Diseases of
High
Consequence
International,
U.S. and
Iowa
HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH
Animal Disease Emergency Local Preparedness and Response, 2008
World Organization for
Animal Health (OIE)
Early Warning System
• Disease reported
within 24 hours
• Informs countries
at risk
• Trade shut down
until further notice
•
HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH
Animal Disease Emergency Local Preparedness and Response, 2008
Routes of Transmission
•
•
•
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Apply to all infectious agents
Animal must be exposed to
develop disease
Understand different routes of
transmission = Gain control
Risk areas must be identified
–
Design protocols to minimize exposure
HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH
Animal Disease Emergency Local Preparedness and Response, 2008
Routes of Transmission
•
Spread of disease agents
Animal
animal
– Animal
human
“zoonotic”
–
•
Different modes
of transmission
Aerosol
– Direct contact
– Fomite
–
HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH
Oral
– Vector-borne
– Zoonotic
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Animal Disease Emergency Local Preparedness and Response, 2008
General Disease
Prevention Practices
Daily Practices
•
•
Post signs limiting animal access to
unauthorized visitors
Restrict access to farm
Appointments
– Known personnel
– Visitor log
–
•
Limit contact with animals
Neighbor’s livestock
– Wildlife, birds
– Roaming cats, dogs
–
HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH
Animal Disease Emergency Local Preparedness and Response, 2008
Daily Practices
•
•
Limit animal purchases
Quarantine newly introduced animals
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Isolate ill animals immediately
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•
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New purchases, returning animals
No shared ventilation, direct contact
with other animals
Time determined with veterinarian
Test for key diseases before placing
with rest of herd/flock
HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH
Animal Disease Emergency Local Preparedness and Response, 2008
Daily Practices
•
•
Keep health records on every animal
Train farm personnel
to report sick animals
Inspect animals daily
– Clean equipment,
boots, clothing
–
•
Investigate unusual signs,
unresponsive cases
–
Neurologic, downers, sudden death
HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH
Animal Disease Emergency Local Preparedness and Response, 2008
Prevention Based on
Disease Spread
Disease Transmission
•
•
Animals may not exhibit
obvious clinical signs
of disease
Essential
Disease prevention
– Awareness of how
disease is transmitted
–
•
Develop strategy to
minimize disease risk
for livestock operation
HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH
Animal Disease Emergency Local Preparedness and Response, 2008
Aerosol
•
Basic prevention steps involve:
Increasing distance
between sick and
well animals
– Maximizing
ventilation
–
•
•
HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH
Provide fresh air to
all animals
Decrease humidity
and odor build up
Animal Disease Emergency Local Preparedness and Response, 2008
Prevention: Aerosol
•
•
Distance is
important
Do not share
air space
between sick
and healthy
animals
HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH
Animal Disease Emergency Local Preparedness and Response, 2008
Direct Contact, Fomite
•
Basic prevention
steps involve:
Restricting access to
farm, animals
– Isolating sick animals
– Keeping environment
clean, dry
– Keeping equipment clean
–
HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH
Animal Disease Emergency Local Preparedness and Response, 2008
Prevent: Direct Contact, Fomites
•
Minimize vehicle traffic on farm
Load/unload, rendering at perimeter
– Have separate vehicles for “on-farm”
and “off-farm” use
–
•
Do not share equipment
with other farms
–
•
Tractors,
livestock trailers
Do not allow feed, fuel truck drivers
to cross animal paths
HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH
Animal Disease Emergency Local Preparedness and Response, 2008
Prevent: Direct Contact, Fomites
•
•
Require prior authorization
before entering premises
Sign in and disclose
recent animal contact
–
•
No animal contact for
people traveling to
foreign countries
previous 7-10 days
Require clean clothes, clean footwear
–
Provide if necessary
HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH
Animal Disease Emergency Local Preparedness and Response, 2008
Oral, Fomite
•
Basic prevention steps involve:
Isolating sick animals
– Keeping feed and water clean
– Managing manure
– Keeping equipment clean
–
•
HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH
Feeding, treatment, vehicles
Animal Disease Emergency Local Preparedness and Response, 2008
Prevent: Oral, Fomites
•
•
Elevate feed, prevent stepping
into feed bunks with
contaminated boots
Examine feed for
contaminants, quality
–
•
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Manure, mold, carcasses
Monitor feed tags, deliveries
Test, control access to water sources
–
Fencing to prevent animal entry
and contamination
HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH
Animal Disease Emergency Local Preparedness and Response, 2008
Vector Control
•
Basic prevention steps include:
–
Source reduction
•
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Control adults
•
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Prevent egg laying
Insecticides
Minimize animal
interaction
•
•
•
Screens on buildings
Animal treatment
Mowing long grasses
HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH
Animal Disease Emergency Local Preparedness and Response, 2008
Environmental Contamination
•
Disease organism in environment
–
•
Survive in soil, organic material
Animals and humans can acquire
agent(s) through:
Inhalation (aerosol)
– Direct contact
– Fomites
– Oral consumption
– Vectors
–
HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH
Animal Disease Emergency Local Preparedness and Response, 2008
Response to an Animal
Disease Emergency
Response
•
Preparedness plan in action
–
•
Expedient, safe, effective
Level of response depends on:
Particular disease
– Ability of disease to spread
– Degree of spread
– Resources available
–
HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH
Animal Disease Emergency Local Preparedness and Response, 2008
Detection
• Unusual
sign noted by:
–Producer,
animal handler or processor,
local veterinarian
• Diagnostic
laboratory
• Processing plant
Local
Initial
Response
• Local
Risk and
Response
Assessment
• Response
Response
Actions
•Quarantine;
State
State or
Federal
DVM contacts State Veterinarian
or AVIC
• FADD sent to investigate
(within 24 hours)
• Samples submitted to Federal Lab
action levels determined based
on disease suspected or diagnosed
• Activation of State Response Plan and/or
National Response Framework
Stop movements
•Surveillance
•Depopulation
and disposal
•Vaccination
•Cleaning
Local
Recovery
•Indemnity
•Business
HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH
and disinfection
continuity
Animal Disease Emergency Local Preparedness and Response, 2008
Animal Disease
Emergency Indicators
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Increased illness, death rates, abortions
Significant drop in production
Ulcers or blisters on or around the
animal’s mouth or feet
Sudden lameness
Any nervous system signs
Pox or lumpy skin conditions
Severe respiratory conditions
Any unusual or unexplained illness
HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH
Animal Disease Emergency Local Preparedness and Response, 2008
FADD Investigation
•
Foreign Animal Disease Diagnostician
–
Specially trained veterinarian
•
–
–
–
Over 500 investigations in U.S. each year; 25-50 in
Iowa
Visits premises within 24 hours
Inspects animals and makes field assessment
Consults with State Veterinarian and AVIC on
case priority and necessary actions
•
•
•
Sample collection
Sample handling (priority level)
Control measures: movement restrictions, quarantine
HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH
Animal Disease Emergency Local Preparedness and Response, 2008
Case Priorities
Unlikely
• History
and clinical signs do NOT indicate FAD
• Samples
shipped by carrier and tested when
time permits
Possible
• History
or clinical signs not consistent
• Samples
shipped high priority and tested on next
duty day
• Movement
Highly
Likely
hold placed on animals by the State
• Epidemiology
• Samples
and clinical signs fit FAD
sent ASAP to NVSL and tested immediately
• Quarantine
initiated by the State
• Communications
plan initiated before
leaving premises
• Contacts
HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH
traced from farm to other farms
Animal Disease Emergency Local Preparedness and Response, 2008
Animal Health Laboratory
Submissions
•
Routine (daily) testing
–
–
–
•
ISU CVM Diagnostic Laboratory
Private laboratory facilities
National Veterinary Laboratory Network
Suspected foreign animal disease
–
–
Foreign Animal Disease Diagnostic
Laboratory, Plum Island, NY
(cloven hoofed)
National Veterinary Services
Laboratories – Ames (poultry, equine, fish)
HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH
Animal Disease Emergency Local Preparedness and Response, 2008
Containment
of an Animal Disease
Emergency
Prevention: State Level
•
State Veterinarian
Under authority of Iowa Secretary of Ag
– Embargo
–
•
–
Voluntary hold order
•
–
Prohibits animal and/or product
movement into Iowa
Request that owners voluntarily cease all
movement of animals and/or product
Quarantine
•
Mandatory order to cease animal and/or
product movement
HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH
Animal Disease Emergency Local Preparedness and Response, 2008
IDALS Authority:
Iowa Code 163.1(1)
•
Grants IDALS power to “control an
infectious disease affecting animals within
this state” which may involve
Control and eradication of animal disease
– Quarantine of animals or premises
– Regulate or restrict animal movement
– Enter any premises where animals/
carcasses are or have been in the past
– Condemn and depopulate animals
– Disinfect farm operations
–
HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH
Animal Disease Emergency Local Preparedness and Response, 2008
HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH
Animal Disease Emergency Local Preparedness and Response, 2008
Single Premises Response
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
One location
FADD investigates
Diagnosis
Quarantine premises
Most coordination at
State level
Treat or depopulate
Federal authorities manage
international issues
HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH
Animal Disease Emergency Local Preparedness and Response, 2008
Multiple Premises,
Confined Area Response
All steps listed for single premises plus
• Increased quarantine area
• REGIONAL Involvement
•
–
•
State, Federal and industry
agricultural authorities
handle situation with
or without State
Declared Emergency
USDA Secretary of Agriculture may
issue Declaration of Emergency
HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH
Animal Disease Emergency Local Preparedness and Response, 2008
Multiple Premises,
Multi-State Response
•
•
•
•
•
•
Everything previous plus
National movement controls
State level
emergency declared
U.S. Secretary of Agriculture
requests assistance
from DHS
National Response
Framework and
ESF 11 activated
APHIS is lead agency
HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH
Animal Disease Emergency Local Preparedness and Response, 2008
World Organization for
Animal Health (OIE)
Early Warning System
• Disease reported
within 24 hours
• Informs countries
at risk
• Trade shut down
until further notice
•
HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH
Animal Disease Emergency Local Preparedness and Response, 2008
Depopulation
•
•
•
Control of FAD
Determined by State or
Federal Veterinarian
Humane method
Cervical dislocation
– Carbon dioxide
– Captive bolt
– Anesthetic overdose
–
HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH
Animal Disease Emergency Local Preparedness and Response, 2008
Disposal
•
•
•
•
•
•
Burial on-site
Composting
Incineration
Rendering
Alkaline hydrolysis
Landfill
–
Biosecurity concerns
•
•
•
Disease characteristics
Quarantine zones
Open burning (not allowed in Iowa)
HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH
Animal Disease Emergency Local Preparedness and Response, 2008
Disposal Options
•
Disposal restricted by:
–
Disease characteristics
•
•
•
Ease of transmission
Method of transmission
Zoonotic potential
Quarantine zones
– Other restrictions per the
State Veterinarian
–
HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH
Animal Disease Emergency Local Preparedness and Response, 2008
IDNR: Carcass Disposal Maps
•
www.iowadnr.gov
–
Site considerations of burial locations
Environmental: Water tables
• Proximity to habitation
• Disease transmission
•
•
GIS Mapping - Interactive
–
3 tiered approach
•
•
•
Red – restricted zones
Multiple colors – cautionary zones
Green – no known restrictions
HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH
Animal Disease Emergency Local Preparedness and Response, 2008
HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH
Animal Disease Emergency Local Preparedness and Response, 2008
Disease Prevention During
Animal Health Event
Prevention: On the Farm
•
Cleaning
–
Remove all organic matter
•
•
Manure, dirt, feed, etc.
Disinfection
Use proper concentration
– Allow proper
contact time
–
•
Vehicles, equipment,
footwear, housing
HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH
Animal Disease Emergency Local Preparedness and Response, 2008
Prevention: On the Farm
•
•
•
•
Restrict access to farm
Clean vehicles only
Record ALL
traffic, visitors
Monitor animals
frequently
–
Contact your
herd veterinarian
HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH
Animal Disease Emergency Local Preparedness and Response, 2008
Prevention: On the Farm
•
Zoonotic Diseases
Diseases of animals spread to humans
– Newcastle disease: “pink eye”
– Swine vesicular disease: skin blisters
– Avian influenza: respiratory, pneumonia
– Anthrax: skin lesions, respiratory, death
–
HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH
Animal Disease Emergency Local Preparedness and Response, 2008
Prevention: On the Farm
•
Wear clean gloves, coveralls and boots
at all times
–
–
•
Disinfect, properly dispose
Wash hands
Personal protective equipment
Eyewear, mask or respirator
– Ear plugs (noise)
–
•
Vaccination, treatments
–
–
Subject to availability
Specific to disease
HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH
Animal Disease Emergency Local Preparedness and Response, 2008
Safety: On the Farm
•
•
•
Injuries
Slips, trips and falls
Mental health
Producers loss of herd/
flocks, livelihood
– Responders stress
–
•
Environmental stress
–
•
Heat, cold, rain
Physical stress
HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH
Animal Disease Emergency Local Preparedness and Response, 2008
Response Coordination
NIMS and ICS
National Incident Management
System (NIMS)
•
Standardizes incident management
for all responders
–
•
Flexible, adaptable
–
•
A core set of principles, terminology and
organizational processes
Applicable regardless of incident cause,
size, location, or complexity
Enables government and private
entities work together
HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH
Animal Disease Emergency Local Preparedness and Response, 2008
National Incident
Management System (NIMS)
Standardized process
and procedures for
incident management
Incident
Local
Support or Response
State
Support or Response
Federal
Support or Response
National Response
Framework
Application of integrated
Federal resources
HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH
Animal Disease Emergency Local Preparedness and Response, 2008
Incident Command System
(ICS)
•
Standardized on-scene emergency
management tool
–
•
Integrated organizational structure
–
•
To coordinate and combine independent efforts
Can have officials and responders from
Federal, State, local and tribal agencies,
private sector and non-governmental
organizations
Not hindered by jurisdictional boundaries
HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH
Animal Disease Emergency Local Preparedness and Response, 2008
Incident Command Post
•
Modular Format
–
–
Top down structure
Five key functional areas
Command
Safety Officer
Information Officer
Liaison Officer
Operations
HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH
Planning
Logistics
Finance/
Administration
Animal Disease Emergency Local Preparedness and Response, 2008
Incident Command
Local
Emergency
Ops Center
(EOC)
Area
Command
Incident
Command
Post
HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH
Incident
Command
Post
Coordination of
information and resources
to support local incident
management activities
Management of multiple
incidents - each handled by
an ICS organization
Incident
Command
Post
Primary tactical-level,
on-scene incident
command functions
Animal Disease Emergency Local Preparedness and Response, 2008
Animal Health Incident Command
System Organization
Unified Command
State Vet/AVIC
Finance/
Administration
Information (Public Affairs)
Liaison Officers
Orientation & Training
Safety Officer
Operations
(Field)
Logistics
Planning
(Technical Support)
Finance
Procurement & Supply
Appraisal
Animal Welfare
Personnel
Contracts & Leases
Cleaning & Disinfection
Database Systems
Employee Relations
Vehicles
Diagnosis & Inspection
Disease Reporting
Depopulation & Disposal
Disease Specialist
Regulatory Enforcement
Economics
Biosecurity
Environmental Impact
Surveillance
Epidemiology
Vaccination
Risk Assessment
Vector Control
Vaccination Evaluation
Wildlife
HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH
Animal Disease Emergency Local Preparedness and Response, 2008
Each Location Will be a
LOCAL Incident
•
•
•
•
Requires local planning
Initial response will be a local one
After State and Federal agencies
leave – it is still a local incident
Address long term recovery
Producers
– Local jurisdiction
– Economic effects
–
HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH
Animal Disease Emergency Local Preparedness and Response, 2008
Recovery
Recovery
•
•
Restore confidence
Requires time, money, effort
Cleaning and disinfection
– Indemnity for livestock owners
– Restocking
–
•
Business continuity
HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH
Animal Disease Emergency Local Preparedness and Response, 2008
Prior to Animal Disease
Emergency
•
•
•
•
•
“It will never happen to me”
“It won’t be that bad”
“I have insurance”
“The government will
take care of me”
Preparation and planning are
essential for businesses to
survive a disaster
HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH
Animal Disease Emergency Local Preparedness and Response, 2008
Federal
State
HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH
Increasing severity or scale of incident
Local
Local support may
include:
Road barricades
– Quarantine enforcement
– Checkpoint personnel
– Decon stations and
personnel
– Transportation
– Additional communications
capacity
– GPS equipment
– Base of operations
– Training/orientation facility
– Staging area for
equipment
– Food, lodging
– Supplies, resources as
needed for task
management
–
Animal Disease Emergency Local Preparedness and Response, 2008
Planning for YOYO Phase
•
•
•
•
Protect your family, employees
Protect pets and livestock
Protect your property, business
Critical community resources for:
Those with special needs
– Most severely impacted
–
•
Be part of the solution
–
Not part of the problem
HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH
Animal Disease Emergency Local Preparedness and Response, 2008
Business Continuity Plan
•
•
•
•
•
•
Direction and control
Communications
Life safety
Property protection
Community involvement
Administration and logistics
HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH
Animal Disease Emergency Local Preparedness and Response, 2008
Business Continuity Plan
•
Recovery and restoration
Planning considerations
– Continuity of
management
– Insurance
– Employee support
– Resuming operations
–
HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH
Animal Disease Emergency Local Preparedness and Response, 2008
Planning Pays Off
•
•
No or poor plan can result in losses
In the event of a major disaster
43% never reopen
– 16.5% reopen but close in 2 years
–
•
•
~60% attrition due to a disaster
For every $1 spent on planning,
$7 saved from disaster loss (FEMA)
HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH
Animal Disease Emergency Local Preparedness and Response, 2008
Resources
•
Emergency Management Guide for
Business & Industry
–
•
•
www.fema.gov/business/guide/index.shtm
Small Business Administration
–
Disaster preparedness and recovery
information for businesses
–
www.sba.gov/services/disasterassistance/index.html
Association of Contingency Planners
–
1-800-445-4ACP
–
www.ACP-International.com
HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH
Animal Disease Emergency Local Preparedness and Response, 2008
Animal Disease
Emergency Example
Foot and Mouth Disease
Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD)
•
•
•
•
•
Highly contagious virus
Considered to be the most
important livestock disease
in the world
Not in U.S. since 1929
Affects cloven-hoofed animals
Spread between animals,
by contaminated objects
or aerosol
HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH
Animal Disease Emergency Local Preparedness and Response, 2008
Foot and Mouth Disease Outbreaks
– Jan to Mar 2008
HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH
Animal Disease Emergency Local Preparedness and Response, 2008
U.K. FMD Outbreak, 2001
•
Total costs over £10 billion
–
•
6 million animals slaughtered
–
•
Ag industry, compensation,
tourism, sports
FMD free in less than 1 year
Public perception
Animal welfare
– Smoke pollution
–
HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH
Animal Disease Emergency Local Preparedness and Response, 2008
Conclusion
What Have We Learned?
•
•
•
Threats need to be taken seriously
Framework for response
and coordination
Adequate resources and expertise
Determine extent of attack
– Prevent disease spread and
associated losses
– Prevent any public health implications
–
HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH
Animal Disease Emergency Local Preparedness and Response, 2008
Why is Local Planning needed?
•
Early detection and response are
critical to limit impact
–
•
•
Know what to look for and who to call
for assistance
Cooperation with local, state, and
federal authorities is essential
Everyone plays an important role in
protecting U.S. agriculture
HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH
Animal Disease Emergency Local Preparedness and Response, 2008
What can you do?
•
Monitor animals for signs of disease
–
Report them immediately
Be awareness of steps and actions needed
to control an outbreak
• Get involved in local response plan
development process
• Work with State officials to improve your
communities preparedness
• Encourage prevention and vigilance
among members of your community
•
HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH
Animal Disease Emergency Local Preparedness and Response, 2008
Contacts
•
Phone numbers to know
–
State Veterinarian
•
–
APHIS Area-Veterinarianin-Charge (AVIC)
•
–
515-281-8601
515-284-4140
State Public Health
Veterinarian
•
515-281-4933
HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH
Animal Disease Emergency Local Preparedness and Response, 2008
Acknowledgments
Development of this presentation
was funded by a grant from the
Iowa Homeland Security
and Emergency Management and
the Iowa Department of Agriculture
and Land Stewardship to the
Center for Food Security and Public
Health at Iowa State University.
Contributing Authors: Glenda Dvorak, DVM, MPH, DACVPM; Danelle BickettWeddle, DVM, MPH, DACVPM; Gayle Brown, DVM, PhD; Reviewer: Gayle
Brown, DVM, PhD
HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH
Animal Disease Emergency Local Preparedness and Response, 2008